The American Legion Magazine [Volume 97, No. 5

THE AMERICAN 2 O c • NOVEMBER 1974.

LEGIONMAGAZINE

The First Two Years of OUR NEW RELATIONS WITH RED CHINA .

BOLD YOUR OWN M-IHIIKHI MSI III EMPEROR'S MODEL 120 IN 3A-INCH SOLID BLACK WALNUT LESS THAN FACTORY-DIRECT

All pieces pre-sanded and pre-cut, including tenons and mortises. Break front swan neck and finial, waist and dial doors, dial frame and sculptured base-front pre-assembled. Complete hardware and assembly instructions furnished. Each piece Reg Factory Direct may be re-ordered separately. No $149.50 woodworking experience necessary! Movement Extra Assemble your own Grandfather BUILD AMERICA'S FINEST TIMEPIECE clock adding movement tor only Compare with clocks Even without woodworking experience, you can $199.00 retailing up to $700.00. build an heirloom of exquisitely proportioned features. Emperor makes it easy by supplying SAVE YOURSELF you with the finest, solid %-inch black walnut, kiln dried, all pieces precision cut. We use solid OVER $500.00 %-inch hardwoods exclusively, so that your clock case and movement will blend to produce ELEGANT FEATURES AND DETAILS a tonal resonance that will fill with, your home • Four full turned hood columns music. Start building the ideal Christmas gift • Breakfront swan neck and finial now, for yourself or treasured friends. design • Full length waist door BUYING FROM THE WORLD'S LARGEST • Curved arch dial face door GIVES YOU MANY ADVANTAGES • Decorator sculptured base Obviously, the company that produces • Floor levelers more, can offer you more. Emperor buys lumber in larger quantities and better MONEY BACK GUARANTEE quality. maintain the efficient We most If for any reason you are not manufacturing operations, and employ the completely satisfied, return in most skilled southern craftsmen to achieve original shipping carton within the highest overall standards of excellence. 30 days for a prompt refund . . Our increased efficiency of production and no questions, no excuses. high volume buying mean more savings for you!

SEND FOR FREE COLOR BROCHURE ON COMPLETE EMPEROR LINE

Model 120 8 Solid Black Walnut EMPEROR " 10" 74" x 16y4 x CLOCK COMPANY WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF GRANDFATHER CLOCKS

OFFER GOOD THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1974 TIME FOR CHRISTMAS iST EMPEROR MOVEMENT FOR MODEL 120 Eight Day • Weight Driven • Westminster Chimes

Emperor's 100-M Grandfather Clock Movement is produced in West Germany by proud clocksmiths who, for over a century, have been manufacturing the world's finest movements. Their painstaking craftsmanship is evidenced by the thousands of satisfied Emperor Clock owners from coast to coast. The solid brass dial is framed by intricately embossed overlays. Serpentine hands sweep across the gleaming dial face. Select from two dial versions. One has the classic Moving Moon Dial with lunar calendar, in color. This dial rotates each 29 V2 days showing the phases of the moon. The other has the words "Tempus Fugit" (Time Flies) inscribed in black enamel spanning the world. The completely weight driven movement strikes the famous, melodious Westminster chimes on four musically tuned rods; four notes on the quarter-hour, eight on the half-hour, twelve on the three-quarter hour and sixteen on the hour. Four additional tuned rods sound the hour with a Big Ben tone. The Emperor movement includes weights, solid brass weight shells, brass bob, pendulum and chimes. All plates are solid brass, and pinions hardened steel. 100-M Movement 300-M Movement With Moving Moon With Tempus Fugit Installation and adjustment of the movement is simple, following step-by-step dial $114.50 dial $99.50 instructions.

MOVEMENT CARRIES A FULL 1-YEAR WARRANTY

USE THIS FORM TO ORDER DIRECT FROM THE FACTORY

OFFER EXPIRES DECEMBER 31, 1974 ORDERS SHIPPED 2 TO 3 WEEKS, SHIPPING CHARGES COLLECT

TO: EMPEROR CLOCK COMPANY, Dept. 47-C Please Check: Emperor Industrial Park, Fairhope, Alabama 36532 New Customer O Previous Customer

QUANTITY DESCRIPTION WEIGHT REG. PRICE SALE EXTENSION Model 120-K solid Black Walnut 53 $149.50 $99.50 Do-lt-Yourself Case Kit w/o movement Model 120-A solid Black Walnut completely finished clock with Tempus Fugit Dial, 95 $399.50 Westminster chimes Model 120-A solid Black Walnut completely finished clock with Moving Moon Dial, 95 $414.50 Westminster chimes Model 100-M movement with Tempus Fugit 33 $ 99.50 Dial, Westminster chimes for Model 120-K Model 100-M movement with Moving Moon 33 $114.50 Dial, Westminster chimes for Model 120-K

We accept personal checks: TOTAL $ ENCLOSED ( ) CHECK ( ) MONEY ORDER $ Alabama residents only CHARGE TO MY ( ) MASTER CHARGE. ( ) BANKAMERICARD add 4% sales tax $ Card Number Expiration Date GRAND TOTAL $ PLEASE SEND FREE COLOR BROCHURE n

NAME ADDRESS

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VISIT OUR FACTORY SHOWROOMS MON.-FRI., 8 A.M. TO 5 P.M., EMPEROR INDUSTRIAL PARK, FAIRHOPE, ALA.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 J .

THE AMERICAN

NOVEMBER 1974

Volume 97, Number 5 National Commander James M. Wagonbdlcr LEGION CHANGE OF ADDRESS Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., MAGAZINE NOVEMBER 1974 P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis Ind. 16206 using Form 3578 which is available at your local post office. Attach old address label anil give old and new addresses with /II* Code Dumber and current membership card number. Also, notify your Tost Adjutant ur other officer charged with such responsibilities. of The American Legion Maga/.ine Table Contenfs Editorial & Advertising Offices 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10019 Publisher, James F. OWeil Editor Robert B. Pitkin THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF Assistant to Publisher John Andreola OUR NEW RELATIONS WITH RED CHINA Art Editor BY THOMAS WEYR Walter H. Boll Assistant Editor Here's an account of what has happened so far in James S. Swurtz our new dealings with China. Associate Editor Roy Miller Production Manager Art Bret/held Copy Editor Grail S. Hanfurd SHOULD FOREIGN-BORN CITIZENS Editorial Specialist BE Irene Cbristodoulou ELIGIBLE FOR THE PRESIDENCY? 14 Circulation Manager Two Sides Of A National Question Dean B. Nelson fro: REP. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM (D-N.Y.) Indianapolis, Ind. con: REP. EDWARD HUTCHINSON (R-MICH.) Advertising Sales Robert Redden Associates, Inc. P.O. Box 999 Teaneck, N.J. 07666 201-837-5511 REVOLUTION AT THE CHECKOUT COUNTER 18 The American Legion Magazine Commission: BY TOM MAHONEY A preview of a new, sophisticated grocery store checkout Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn. procedure. Some us have already seen it at work, ( Chairman) : Mil ford A. Forrester, Green- of ville, S.C. (Vice Chairman) ; James R. Kel- and most of us will view it before long. ley, Radnor, Pa. ( A ational Commander's Representative)} Lang Armstrong, Spokane,

Wash. ; Norman liiebel, Belleville, 111. ;

Charles E. Booth. Huntington, H . l a.;

Adolph Bremer. Winona, Minn. ; Raymond Fields, Oklahoma (it), Okla.; Chris Hern- andez, Savannah, Ca.; James \. Kissner, A LOOK AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES Palatine, III.: Mylio S. Kraja. Youngstown, Ohio; Russell II. Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; IN WASHINGTON, D.C 22 Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N, Y.; Arthur BY ANNE LEAR MacCarthy, Tallahassee, Fla.; Loyd Mc- Dermott, Benton, Ark.', Morris Meyer, An introduction to America's great repository of information, Starkville, Miss.; J. II. Morris, Baton Rouge, history, photos and documents that span La.; Frank W. Nay lor. Jr., Kansas City, Kans. Pittsburgh, Pa.; our 200-year history. ; Harry H. S chaffer ,

George Sinopoli, Eresno, Calif. ; W'wync L. Talbert. Delphi, Ind.; Robert H. Wilder, Dade vi lie, Ala.; Edward Mc Sweeney, New

York, iV. Y. (Consultant ) ; George Zanos,

H'etlsburg, W . Va, (Consultant)

COVER : DRAWING BY JAMES FLORA The American Legion Magazine is owned and published monthly by The American Legion Copyright 1974 by The American Legion Second class postage paid at Indianapolis, Ind.. 46204 and additional mail ing offices Price: single copy. 20 cents; yearly sub scription. S2.00. Direct inquiries regarding circulation to: Circulation Department, P. 0. Departments Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Send editorial and advertising material to: LETTERS 4 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION . 27 The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Avenue PERSONAL 50 of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. DATELINE WASHINGTON 6 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 13 LEGION SHOPPER 51 NON-MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS VETERANS NEWSLETTER 26 PARTING SHOTS 52 Send name and address, including ZIP number, v> ith $2 check or money order to Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 1934, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitied for consideration will not be returned unless a self-ad-

dressed, stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. POSTMASTER: If undeliverable, please send Form 3579 to P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 YOU ARE INVITED TO JOIN IN AUNIQUE CENTENNIAL TRIBUTE TO THE MAN WHO LED THE BRITISH NATION IN "ITS MOST DEADLY DANGER AND ITS FINEST HOUR!

These two brilliant sterling silver content. That is genuine silver proof coins will be and assured rarity. struck by The Royal Cana- How to Order Proof Coins dian Mint as part of the Proofs will be priced at $45 worldwide British Common- each for the Cayman coin and wealth commemoration of $30 each for the Turks coin, or At left, the $25 Churchill coin for the Cayman Islands. At $75 for the set. Reservations and the Winston Churchill Cen- right, the 20 Crown Churchill coin for the Turks and Caicos remittances should be sent to tenary. Reservations can be Islands. Both will be minted in .925 sterling silver. Both will Paramount International Coin accepted until November 30, be issued in limited proof editions prior to release as circu- ,3 lating currency. actual size 45mm-approx. i />»" Corporation, official agents for 1974, only. both issues. Reservations must be Next month, the Royal Canadian Mint Proof Editions for Subscribers Only mailed by November 30, 1974, the 100th will strike proofs of two high value Distribution of these proof coins will be as anniversary of Sir Winston Churchill's British Commonwealth sterling silver rigidly controlled as their superb minting birth. Paramount has been authorised coins of special interest to North quality. Each will be individually double to accept later postmarks only from its American collectors and investors. struck and individually inspected. Each present customers, and those received

These new coins, pictured here, will receive a certificate of its proof status after Nov. 30 from the general public are a distinguished part of the tribute to signed by the Master of the Royal Cana- must be returned. Sir Winston Churchill, the Prime Min- dian Mint. And dies used to strike the Deluxe ister who led the British nation in "its proofs will be destroyed after minting to presentation most deadly danger and its finest hour." protect the numismatic integrity and in- case They w ill he minted, with the approval vestment value of the issue. of the Lord Chamberlain on behalf of Thus, proofs of the Churchill coins will included Queen Elizabeth II, for the territorial have an added dimension of value apart without governments of the Cayman Islands and from their historic significance and high extra cost the Turks and Caicos Islands. Both will Limit 2 Proof Sets per Person. Reservations Must Be Postmarked by November 30, 1974. Upward Trend in Silver Proof Coinage

$25 Cayman Islands silver proof - Issue Price $38 OFFICIAL RESERVATION C=> NOW (f^C^T7^ T^Z^3 I +137% 19/2 """v^^) (or Cayman Islands/Turks and Caicos Islands v -S Churchill 100th Anniversary Commemorative Proof Coins /er proof — Issue Price $16 NOW + 119% MAIL TO: 5056 1972 PARAMOUNT INTERNATIONAL COIN CORPORATION Paramount Building, Englewood. Ohio 45322 i 20 Balboa silver proof- Issue Price $25 NOW + 180% Please accept my order for: 1971 Set(s) Cayman Islands and Turks and $2 Cook Islands silver proof - Issue Price $15 1"" £a j cos islands sterling silver proof coins NOW + 73% '""J 1973 EEr (limit 2 sets) in deluxe presentation case @ $75.00 per set plus $3.00 shipping CITY, STATE, ZIP

I I and handling, a total of $78.00 per set. 30 45 60 75 90 Bill My Master Charge Account

Based on current "offering" prices published August, 1974 Cayman Islands proofcoin only (limit 2) Bill My BankAmericard Account 1 (5 $45.00 each plus (1.00 shipping and handling, a total of $^6.00 per coin. be struck in solid sterling silver, an increasing rarity in present day coinage. Turks and Caicos Islands proof coin (•»"») only (limit space above, please include all information 59 shipping and handling, a total of $3 1 .00 investment standpoint) each coin will that appeal s in raised letters on your card, includ- per coin. ing your interbank (lour digits) number and be struck in a rare, limited, proof edition expiration date. expressly for subscribers — before its Ohio Residents: Add 4'k% Sales Tax S

~~general release as circulating currency. TOTAL PAYMENT ENCLOSED S , SIGNATURE .~~

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 has been doing a phenomenal job of running the Passport Office since she LETTERS TO THE EDITOR took over 19 years ago, and, inciden-/ tally, the Office returns a profit to the government every year, something that no other government agency can Letters published do not necessarily ex- years too late to invoke the sanctity press the policy of The American Legion. boast of. of private enterprise in the electrical Keep letters short. Name and address must The article merely mentions Miss be furnished. Expressions of opinion and energy field to block development of requests for personal service are appreci- Knight's problems with her superiors the one major source of energy that is ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or in the office of security of the State answered, due to lack of magazine staff for clean, inexhaustible and which uses up purposes. Requests for personal serv- Department, in her attempts to ob- these no natural resources solar power. ices which may be legitimately asked of — tain funds to attack the problems of The American Legion should be made to The federal government entered the your Post Service Officer or your state passport security and manpower. But energy field in a big way in the 1920's (Department) American Legion Hq. Send for those who have read her testimony letters to the editor to: Letters, The and 1930's, with Hoover Dam and American Legion Magazine. 1345 Avenue before Senate hearings over the past T.V.A. It is now pouring billions into of the Americas, New York. N.Y. 10019. few years, the fruits of her efforts ap- developing breeder reactors for power pear only to be more frustration and companies use. It should certainly bureaucratic bungling. N.G. Nyerges, ENERGY take the lead in solar power, too. CONGRESS AND SOLAR Santa Monica, Calif. "Red" Blackmore, Austin, Tex. sir: I enjoyed the debate in the Pro and Con pages in August on whether TRANSPLANTS AND EYE-BANKS sir : Your article on passports was ex- Congress should go all-out to develop cellent. As a travel agent, I appreci- sir: Thank you sincerely for the ex- solar power for the nation's prime en- ate anything which may facilitate the cellent information contained in the ergy source. I'm all for it. I would like efficient issuance of passports, particu- "Personal" section of the August 1974 to comment on the principal argument larly in a life or death emergency and, issue concerning donation of vital or- offered against a big federal develop- of course, in such a manner as to elimi- gans for transplant. Your information ment of solar power. It was that this nate criminal and fraudulent use is concise, correct and very tastefully should be left to private enterprise. thereof. I was unaware of the special presented. It is rather difficult to al- If we had left the development of Duty Officer Program until I read the ways get this story to the public in nuclear power for electricity to pri- article and have written to the Pass- this manner. As a Legionnaire, I am vate enterprise, it never would have port Bureau for additional informa- happy that my magazine has made happened. The development costs are tion on this program and on the means this contribution, along with many just too big for private enterprise to of whom to contact in a life and death other fine contributions through the want to risk as long as there are coal, situation. Thank you for a very in- years. As President of the South Caro- oil, and natural gas to burn. If we formative piece. Charles W. Leek, lina Eye-Bank, I grateful for this should treat solar power development am Bay Shore, N.Y. as something to be left to private en- boost to our never-ending work of try- terprise, we would be resorting to a ing to help those who are blind or camouflaged excuse to block its de- otherwise visually handicapped. W.M. ON V-J DAY velopment. "Mac" Goldfinch, Jr., Conway, S.C. The government has poured billions sir: Your article, "That Was V-J PASSPORTS into all sorts of power development, Day," (Sept.), was greatly enjoyed. I not only nuclear power, but dams all sir: Your article, "A Look At Pass- was a member of the 393rd Bomb. over the country for hydroelectric ports" (Sept.), was indeed fine cover- Squad. (V.H.) that was transferred power. It is spending more today to age of a topic that most Americans from Fairmont, Nebr. to Wendover, develop fusion power. It is at least 40 take for granted. Miss Frances Knight Utah, in Sept. 1944 to be the combat arm of the 509th Composite Group, Col. Paul Tibbets' (atomic bomb) command. In reference to the real V-J Day, I was Group O.D. on that date, Aug. 15. In the early morning hours, the message to cease all offensive operations was received, and it was my duty and pleasure to notify Colonel Earwax: Tibbets. What celebrating. Everyone out of sacks, and I believe it was more the sneak thief of sound vociferous than the welcome-back-to- Tinian party, held for Colonel Tibbets Government studies show that hearing problems and age go and his Enola Gay crew, after the hand in hand. These studies also show that many hearing problems Hiroshima mission. What a wonderful are merely due to excessive earwax. Of course, anyone suspecting a group, and, believe me, Colonel Tib- hearing problem should consult a physician to determine the cause. bets spared nothing to make it tops. Charles A. Perry, Lt. Col, USAF One way for earwax to impair hearing is very simple. As we (RetJ, Wrentham, Mass. grow older, the fine hairs lining our ear canals grow coarse. Even- tually, they can prevent earwax that forms daily from getting out. This in turn muffles sounds trying to get in. Because the wax builds ATTN: BERLIN AIRLIFT PARTICIPANTS up so gradually, your hearing can diminish without you realizing it.

sir : I have been commissioned to pre- The safest, most effective way to remove earwax is using by pare a narrative account of the Ber- regularly. is DEBROX® Drops DEBROX recommended by thou- lin Airlift of 1948/49, and in this con- sands of physicians. They know it safely removes wax and can be nection I hope that you might be used daily to prevent buildup. DEBROX costs only pennies a day willing to help me. and is available at drugstores without a prescription. For the historical record, I am anxious to make contacts with all those who may have participated in DCB-1774 DebroxL^dJlUX DROPS the Airlift in whatever capacity. Rich- ard Collier, c/o John Cushman As- sociates, 25 West lf3rd St., New York, N.Y. 10036.

~~4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 There was a Grand American on an overnight pass in 1943.~~

Only friends mattered that night. And laughter. It was important to squeeze in as much of a good time as you could. That's why Schenley was there. It was a part of the good time. It was the best doggoned whiskey in the house that night. And it still is. chenley It still has the classic smooth taste of Schenley, The Grand American the unique honest flavor, the heritage of celebrated good times. Whiskey. And it's 100% American whiskey, the Grand American Whiskey.

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 . — . s — — -~~

~~Dateline Washington~~

~~KEEPING TAX RECORDS CONFIDENTIAL. : 3\ 0M GOV'T SEEKS TO SAVE ENERGY. — € . 1974 HIGHWAY-TRAFFIC CHANGES. V r r~~

One positive aftermath of the Watergate Only 130 million autos , trucks and buses scandal is a strong move in Congress to pro- are expected to have clogged U.S. highways citizens from misuse of their tax and by-ways in tect 1974, due to higher prices , records for political purposes A bipartisan inflation and the erstwhile scarcity of bill, introduced by Sen. Lowell Weicker fuel. The increase in these motor vehicles

(Conn.) and Rep. Jerry Litton (Mo.) would is expected to be 4.2% over 1973 , in contrast protect the confidentiality of taxpayers by to the previous year' s gain of 5.6%. strictly limiting access to tax records by The three factors may also substantially the White House, Executive agencies and explain the anticipated 19.5% surge in Congressional Committees. It goes beyond registered motorcycles, motor bicycles and President Ford's own limitation order. motor scooters in 1974, with some 5 million The measure would preserve returns of the put-puts whizzing alongside heavier against disclosure except for purposes of traffic. These road-choking estimates are Internal Revenue enforcement. Not even the official from the Department of Trans- President could peek at any individual' portation. tax returns except upon written request and Meanwhile, in Congress, there appears to public justification. be growing sentiment for more compulsory re- The Watergate investigation revealed straints against vehicle-created pollution, among other abuses that White House power to but for fewer compulsory restraints on inspect tax returns was distorted by aides passengers so as to enforce safety. intending to initiate tax investigations of political enemies. Unauthorized disclosure would be punished with stiff criminal penalties PEOPLE & QUOTES

~~DEFUSING INFLATION PIVOTAL PRIVACY~~

~~"Inflation is just not about "Privacy, the ability to be~~

The public ' s enthusiasm for conserving to go away quickly. . . . It's confident of security in our fuel has ebbed substantially since the going to take a great deal homes and our conversations, of work to defuse it." Alan is not only the bedrock of in- shortage "panic" of the past winter. But Greenspan, chairman, Coun- dividual freedom; privacy of the federal government is still running cil of Economic Advisers. communication is the essence scared. Washington is trying to push ahead of democracy." Arthur J. with a broad program for saving energy, and OUR FAILING FLEET Goldberg, former Supreme Court Justice. simultaneously preserving the environment "There has been no period against energy-created pollution. in the past 50 years where CONSERVE ENERGY! the fleet has been in as poor As the federal agencies strive under condition as it is today." "For many basic reasons, "Project Independence" to free the United Admiral Rickover. energy conservation ... is States of any need for imported oil and gas today critically important." EUROPE, Frederick B. Dent, Commerce 1980 is also YES hopefully by —the government Sec'y. encouraging steps to reduce the use of "We should rigorously avoid any precipitate steps energy in industry, home and transporta- INFLATION FIGHT toward withdrawing—or even tion. But popular support for the program substantially diminishing "We are going after the has waned ever since the lines disappeared our presence in Europe." public enemy of inflation in at the gas stations. George W. Ball, ex-Under- 1974 and we will lick him sec'y of State. before July 4, 1976." Presi- Thus, Washington's energy leaders are dent Gerald Ford. desperately seeking a dramatic approach A GERMAN VIEW PRICE CURE which will arouse the country again. Lacking "The friendship of Ger- strong public support, the success of many towards the United "To produce more, relative "Project Independence," ironically, will States should be strength- to our consumption. That, depend on the oil-producing countries on ened at all costs and with most of all, will get prices — everything Germany has to down." Roy Ash, director, how high they lift their prices and how low muster." Kurt Kiesinger, ex- Office of Management and they drop production. West German Chancellor. Budget.

~~6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 A SPECIAL COMMEMORATION FROM THE LINCOLN MINT THE LIFE OF 'JOHN E KENNEDY~~

~~A limited edition of Sterling Silver or 24 Kt. Gold-on-Sterling Proof Medals~~

FEW MEN IN HISTORY HAVE SO COMPLETELY in both the Sterling Silver Edition your order is received and ac- CAPTURED THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF THE and the 24 Kt. Gold-on-Sterling cepted, provided the subscription PEOPLES OF THE WORLD AS DID JOHN FITZGERALD Edition will contain one full ounce rolls have not been filled. You will then receive one medal per month, IT IS of Sterling Silver each. KENNEDY. NOW, TIME TO RECORD HIS together with an invoice for the GREATNESS ... FOR ALL TO CHERISH ... WHILE Heirloom Quality next month's medal, over the next EACH OF US PERSONALLY CAN STILL FEEL 35 months. The price for the Ster- Because the subscriptions are HIS GREAT IMPACT. ling Silver Edition is $15.00 per strictly limited, each Set will have medal, plus 50c for postage and ling Silver Edition or a 24 Kt. Gold- a basic heirloom quality: rarity. It The Events of A Great Life handling— and the price for the 24 on-Sterling Edition. Each Edition should become increasingly valua- ensure a proper commemora- Kt. Gold-on-Sterling Edition is To will be limited to only 5,000 sets. ble as a cherished family posses- tion of John Kennedy's memorable $20.00 per medal, plus 50c postage As a subscriber to either of the two sion. It portrays in precious metal, life, asked four highly knowl- and handling. we Editions, you will be serially en- beautifully minted and exquisitely edgeable Americans to select the These prices are guaranteed for tered in a permanent register and crafted, the major events and deeds most significant events in his life. your full set of 36 medals, in spite will receive a Certificate of Regis- in the life of the late President John distinguished are: of any increase in the price of Those Americans tration with your serial number Fitzgerald Kennedy. Dr. Arthur Mann, Chairman, silver. on it. American History Field Com- Beautiful Collector's Album mittee; Professor, University of Unique Proof Medals You Must Act Chicago. With your John F. Kennedy Com- Now Newton Minow, former Chairman, Each Commemorative Medal will memorative Medals, you will re- If you are a collector, you will Federal Commerce Commission. be minted with handcrafted dies to ceive a handcrafted album that know the thrill of owning an origi- Ted Dillow, President, J. F. Ken- produce a beautiful frosted bas- handsomely displays this magnifi- nal work of medallic art such as nedy College, Wahoo, Nebraska. relief sculpturing against a polished cent collection. This beautiful al- this. If you have never collected Harry Golden, Author-Editor, mirror-like background. The John bum is constructed of special medals or art, you have a rare CAROLINA ISRAELITE, Char- F. Kennedy Commemorative Med- materials to safely store your med- opportunity. lotte, North Carolina. als are 39mm in diameter — about als when you or your friends are Many subscriptions have already IVi", or slightly larger than a silver not admiring their lustre and crafts- been received. The sooner your Registered, Limited Editions dollar. You have your choice of manship. subscription is mailed and post- The John F. Kennedy Commemo- either solid Sterling Silver or 24 Kt. The first medal in the Series will marked, the greater your chances rative is available in either a Ster- Gold-on-Sterling. All of the medals be delivered to you shortly after of acceptance.

SUBSCRIPTION APPLICATION A SPECIAL GIFT WITH Dept. 2544 One South Wacker Drive • Chicago, Illinois 60606 YOUR SUBSCRIPTION Gentlemen: I would like to order the John F. Kennedy Commemorative The Lincoln Mint will include, as Medals as follows: your gift with each subscription, a

valuable tape player plus an exclu- I understand that I will receive the remaining — Q 24 KT. GOLD-ON-STERLING EDITION I STERLING: SILVER EDITION—The num- sive tape recording. The recording 35 medals at the rate of one per month and that The number of subscriptions desired is ber of subscriptions desired is shown in the was created especially for this Se- each medal is to be struck expressly for my sub- shown in the box and I have enclosed $20.00, box and I have enclosed $15.00, plus 50c plus 50c postage and handling, tor each sub- postage and handling, for each subscription ries by the Columbia Records Special scription. I agree to pay for my medals promptly scription ordered. ordered. Projects Division and contains major upon being invoiced monthly. The Lincoln Mint

excerpts from the most important guarantees that subscriptions to each Edition I prefer to charge my order. Bill my account with: BankAmericard Master Charge and historic speeches of John F. will be limited to 5,000 sets. Further, my price Kennedy. The tape will be maintained regardless of any cost in- player itself is crease of silver in international metal markets. usable with With my John F. Kennedy Commemorative BANK NAME any other Medals, I will receive at no extra charge a hand-

cassette crafted album with a Certificate of Registration. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I cartridge. In addition. I will also receive at no extra cost a tape player and a special tape cassette con- FXPIRATION D ATF- MONTH ,197 taining excerpts from major speeches of John Name (please print) F. Kennedy. Address

~~City State Zip~~

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 7 ——~~

~~The First Two Years of Our~~

~~A look at what's been happening, for better or worse, By THOMAS WEYR~~

It is now well over two years since President Nixon's historic visit to Communist China in February 1972. How is the new relationship working? For one thing, in the absence of any new upheaval, the Nixon arrangement with China seems to be fairly permanent—even though it is a guarded relationship, with an aware- ness of profound differences and national aims on both sides of the Pa- cific, and with a large measure of implicit caution on both sides which is only partly concealed by diplomatic niceties. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger reaffirmed our intention to stay in the ball game last June in a talk to a council of some 200 U.S. firms dedi- cated to increasing trade with Red China. On August 13, in his first message to Congress as President, Gerald Ford pledged continuity in "our com- mitment" to the [new relationship], and kept Mr. Kissinger in his Cabinet. Meanwhile, a prominent Democrat Sen. Henry M. Jackson, of Washing- ton State—returned in mid-summer from a six-day visit to Peking, to urge friendlier ties with China than with Russia. He went so far as to praise our early trade with China, as compared to Soviet trade. "Unlike the Russians," he said, "the Chinese have not sought special United States taxpayer-subsidized investments for the development of their resources, or United States Gov- ernment credit." Last September, seven more members of Congress visited China in a group, including Senators Hubert The third anniversary of our so-called "detente" with Red Humphrey and J. W. Fulbright. This participation in Chinese relations by full diplomatic recognition. Such a countries willing to break the U.S. leading Democrats seems to assure ticklish relationship can be debated embargo.) Nor were Chinese exports continuation of an "open door" China endlessly. What we are looking at to the United States worth noting. policy, regardless of who is in the here is not so much its wisdom, but They totalled $4.9 million in 1971. White House. The bulk of American how it has progressed. But the trade picture changed public opinion, though deeply dis- The most notable working aspect drastically following President Nix- trustful, seems to approve, too of our new China policy is in the mat- on's 1972 visit. In their joint com- though it has numerous reservations, ter of trade, which was almost non- munique, issued in Shanghai shortly and wants us to keep our guard up existent for more than 20 years. before his departure from mainland even if we manage to smile through A complex network of legal restric- China, Mr. Nixon and Premier Chou it. Public opinion and a great deal of tions had grown up in the wake of En-lai stressed the importance of Congressional opinion are probably the communist defeat of Chiang Kai- mutual trade and their wish to "fa- well mirrored by American Legion shek in 1949 and of the Korean War cilitate the progressive development expressions. The Legion has approved that followed. As late as 1971, no of trade between the two countries." the effort, if it proceeds with due official U.S. exports reached the Chi- With official restraints loosened, caution, has insisted that the free nese mainland. (There is little doubt results were startling, with the bal- Chinese on Taiwan not be jeopar- that some American goods got to ance heavily in our favor. The 1972 dized, and that Red China not receive China clandestinely or through third trade volume between the two leaped

~~8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 —~~

~~New Relations with Red China~~

~~vis-a-vis our new "open door" policy with Mao's land.~~

~~hina will be coming up in 1975. How has it been going?~~

from less than $5 million to $92.5 also crimped sales of Chinese goods scrap iron, steel, mining equipment. million, with the United States im- to us. Like Russia, China does not Boeing is delivering ten 707 airplanes porting Chinese products worth $32.2 enjoy Most Favored Nation status for China's civil aviation industry in million and sending $60.2 million that would assure her of the lowest a $125 million deal. worth to the mainland. The bulk of possible U.S. import duties. We sold 12 times as much to China U.S. exports were farm products Yet, despite tariff barriers and a as we bought from her, which ac- but there was also a trickle of high marginal assortment of things to counted for nearly half of our over- technology items. sell, China doubled sales in the U.S. all trade surplus last year. Nor is Today, China doesn't have much to last year, boosting 1973 exports to there any slackening in sight. In the export. Some textiles; food stuffs, $63.7 million. The U.S. did spectacu- first four months of this year, the such a6 beer, vodka, wines, tea, cook- larly better than that. We sold China trade volume between the two coun- ing oils, sauces and canned fruits; goods worth $689.1 million directly tries amounted to $441.2 million, with musical instruments; vinyl brief- and another $50.6 million worth of Chinese exports totalling $25.6 mil- cases; handicrafts; jewelry; shoes; wheat, corn and soybeans trans- lion, ours $415.6 million. U.S. De- mats; carpets; skins; bristles. In shipped through Canada. Again, the partment of Commerce projections short, the typical array of products bulk of U.S. exports were made up of for 1974 put total trade with China offered by a land only half-developed farm products, but they also included at $1.25 billion, U.S. imports at $100 industrially. High U.S. tariffs have aerospace products, fertilizer plants, million, U.S. exports at $1.15 billion.

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 The First Two Years Of Our New Relations With Red China~~

What is most startling in these statistics, perhaps, is the fact that our trade with China in the first four- month period exceeded our trade with Russia. The biggest single sales have tended to be one-shot, large industrial items that may not be repeated often. Thus, Red China's biggest deal with the United States so far was the purchase in 1973 of eight fertilizer am- monia plants from M. W. Kellogg Co., of Houston, a Pullman Inc. subsidiary, for more than $200 million. Meanwhile, China bought eight fertilizer plants from a Kellogg international subsidiary for $90 million. RCA also snagged a major contract, building earth satellite relay stations in Peking and Shanghai. That was a direct result of the 1972 summit meeting, when RCA techni- cians put a satellite aloft to assure prompt U.S. television coverage of the Nixon visit. Western Union has built a ground station near Peking to handle direct telex to the U.S. The drawn-out and complicated Boeing negotiations dragged several other deals along with them. Pratt & Whitney, which makes engines for Boeing 707 planes, sold 40 backup units. Clark Equipment Co. came in with 20 tractors big enough to tow U.S. -Chinese trade has grown, with the balance all in our favor, so far. China has aircraft on the ground. Standard Oil not asked for such trade favors as Russia has sought. Some take a rosy view of of Ohio and of Indiana have begun to this. Others see it as a measure of China's desperate need for some U.S. goods. sell petrochemical equipment, po- tentially the most lucrative goods on sets here. But the legal technicalities As one U.S. -China expert put it re- the China market. Mining equipment represent a major obstacle. In theory, cently, "There are limits in our rela- worth S20 million came from Bucy- if a Chinese ship were to dock in an tions with China. There is progress rus-Erie Co., of Milwaukee; machines American port, or if a Chinese plane first and then it levels off. We will for making automobile gears and should land at a U.S. airfield, either have periods of pause and we are in axles from Gleason Works in Roch- could be attached by any American such a period now. We aren't likely ester newly developed fertilizer bag- who had lost property to the Chinese. to open up much new ground soon." ; ging equipment from Domain Indus- Plans for a major Chinese trade show United States officials believe the tries of New Richmond, Ind. in New York next year are tempo- Peking leadership is presently en- But a constant flow of trade can't rarily stymied because goods sent for gaged in a major debate to determine be built on such big-ticket items ex- exhibit could be similarly attached. the pattern and pace of her import clusively. Most of them are one-shot Negotiations to settle the problem programs. Current Chinese emphasis deals that won't be repeated soon. have been under way for months. is on the purchase of complete factory Moreover, the Chinese are pointedly Agreement has been reached on the systems that will allow her to make telling American businessmen that general means of solving the prob- what she is now forced to import. At they've got to have a chance to sell lem, but those sticky "details" re- the same time, plans are being more goods to the United States if main to be worked out. Once they mapped for a program of long-term they are to continue buying American have been, the way would be opened purchases of goods China can't make. products. The high tariff walls and for the needed arrangements to ex- A dramatic shift in China's trade other U.S. restrictions are making pand trade: open direct banking re- pattern is not expected until the late that almost impossible. lationships, regulate shipping to ease 1970's, when her new fertilizer fac- Another roadblock for steadily in- delivery of goods and so on. tories begin to produce enough to creased trade arises from the Korean The real sticking point, however, make her self-sufficient, with a sur- War and its aftermath. Technically, is the Most Favored Nation question, plus of fertilizer for export; and a state of belligerency still exists be- governing low U.S. import duties. The when she can really exploit her latent tween the United States and China Council of U.S. -China Trade is leading huge oil reserves, which should see a and the issue of confiscated assets the drive to convince Congress it booming rise in her oil sales. China is during the Korean War still hasn't should accord China Most Favored expected to ship three million tons of been resolved. Sums at issue aren't Nation status. But to date the going petroleum to Japan in 1974. In the large. China seized U.S. property has been heavy. 1980's, her oil exports should reach worth $175 million, and we retaliated In the meantime, trade appears to 50 million tons and earn Peking as by taking $90 million in Chinese as- be in somewhat of a holding pattern. much as $5 billion to $6 billion in

~~10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 —~~

foreign exchange. That, in turn, century, the Russians controlled the Cultural Revolution got rid of the would give China the resources to ex- entrance to China's northern coastal pro-Soviet thinking in China and con- pand her world trade more. waters through their naval base at solidated the country under Mao more China's oil, of course, is the biggest Port Arthur—a stronghold the czar firmly than ever, but it left her in a economic magnet. Potential reserves lost in his disastrous war against seriously weakened defensive posi- are enough to feed Japan's growing Japan in 1905. That in itself is enough tion. and hungry industrial machine. Once to fuel Chinese anger, since they did Russia reacted with her own pro- Japan can cover her needs from rela- not regain full control of Port Arthur paganda barrage and, at the same tively nearby Chinese sources, pres- (or Lushun) until 1955. time, began to build up her Far East- sure on Mideast wells might decline, To this day, Peking considers it has ern military forces. as might the world's oil prices. a moral claim to huge stretches of Si- Neither side has forgotten the ma- Oil is the reason, too, why so many berian territory. Our officials say jor confrontation in March of 1969, nations are lining up in the China flatly the only way Russia can ever during which Russia went so far as market now, or trying to. At present, regain good relations with Peking is to threaten nuclear bombardment of our trade with China is running far by giving up Southeast Siberia and Chinese territory. At the time, she behind that of industrialized nations its warm water ports south of Vladi- instigated a border "incident" in that are not as hampered by trade vostok, current headquarters of the Manchuria, where a number of Chi- restrictions. The United States fol- Soviet Pacific fleet. Of course, the nese died and 30 to 40 Russians were lows Japan, Germany, Britain and proverbial snowball has a better killed. Two weeks later, a more seri- France in her China trade. chance in hell. ous brush occurred in the same area, But we have things going for us Much has been written about Chi- and the thought was not lost on the that other nations don't. Our oil tech- nese-Soviet rivalry and hatred along Chinese that "escalated border inci- nology is far superior, particularly their vast, common frontier—most dents" arranged by the Russians had in offshore oil drilling. This could be of it true. Roots of distrust and fear only recently preceded their invasion one reason why our specialists believe go deep on both sides and cannot be of Czechoslovakia. Russia has a mil- U.S. trade with China will top $4 bil- easily removed. Recent internal ideo- lion-and-a-half-man army strung lion by 1980, as Peking steps up pur- logical conflicts have intensified the along the Chinese-Soviet frontier and chases of U.S. offshore drilling rigs. enmity with the Russians. China's some extremely well-informed Araer- In sum, trade with China has real, if modest, potential. Even $4 billion isn't much measured against current U.S. exports of $140 billion worldwide, but the China market has a built-in growth factor. Trade is a political tool, as well. Once China's economy becomes dependent upon and used to—Western technology, she can back out of it only with great difficulty and sacrifice. This possibility has been programmed into our long-range planning. We expect ups and downs, periods of tension and uncertainty, freezes and thaws. As for China swinging back into the Soviet orbit, literally no one in our government today, in a position to know, believes that it will happen. Communists though they may be, Peking's leaders are Chinese first. They have not forgotten the eastward drive of the czars that put the Rus- sian bear astride the Sea of Japan and drove the Chinese out of vast, disputed territories in Siberia and Mon- golia. Russian Cossacks began probing into the vast Siberian landmass in the 16th century, establishing trading and fur posts as they went. A hun- dred years later, the Russian raiders collided with the Chinese and, after some desultory fighting, the czar and the Chinese emperor concluded the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, which halted the Russian advance into the Amur Basin in the present-day Soviet Far East. The czars did not resume their eastward drive until the 1860's, but then they moved swiftly to oc- It is possible for some Americans to seize property of the Chinese entering this cupy territories the Chinese consid- country, because of unsettled damage claims hanging over from the Korean War. ered their own. At the turn of the This acts as a block to many aspects of growth in business relations.

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 H Her Russian quarrel makes it unlikely that China will cut short her new American dealings at an early date.~~

~~continued Trie First Two Years Of Our New Relations With Red China~~

icans have little doubt that she did the chopper lost its way by "acci- NATO, and would not welcome any plan an atomic strike against China's dent." This September, the Soviet reduction of U.S. troop strength in nuclear installations in Sinkiang fliers were still being held in China. Europe. It is a position wholly alien province as late as 1971. It is no won- Moscow fears a public political trial to the Soviet view of what good com- der that fear and distrust of Russia of the aviators as spies. Peking is munists should believe. linger in the Chinese mind, despite keeping mum—and its options open. In Asia, China is increasingly con- periodic efforts to arrive at a kind Disputes in other areas also keep cerned about Soviet influence in India of livable arrangement with the the tension going. For months now, and Afghanistan, and about the se- Soviets. the two nations have been haggling curity of Pakistan and Iran. These In the meantime, there are other over inland-water navigation rights are concerns U.S. policymakers share. irritants. along the confluence of the Amur and Back in 1971, both China and the Last March 14, a Soviet helicopter, Ussuri Rivers on the extreme north- U.S. sympathized with Pakistan in its with a captain and two lieutenants east border of the two countries. The lost war with India. China has de- aboard, crashed 30 miles inside Sin- waters on China's side during the dry veloped warm relations with Iran kiang, not far from where Russia, season are too shallow to allow ships and supports the alliance between the China and Outer Mongolia meet. to pass and, until recently, the Rus- Shah and the United States. Next day, Moscow demanded release sians have allowed Chinese ships to Peking fears that Russia may be of the fliers, insisting that they had use a deep-water detour that takes trying to outflank her with increased lost their way on a medical mercy them briefly into Soviet territory. influence in India and a tighter grip mission along the border. Peking re- They have now withdrawn this cour- on Afghanistan, where a pro-com- fused, and, in a stiff note a week later, tesy, and there are no signs that the munist coup ousted the king last charged that the chopper had been water rights will be soon restored. year. Moscow is also fomenting tribal engaged in armed reconnaissance, and Though these are small incidents, rebellions in the autonomous Pushtu that it was not the first such "mili- they illustrate the nature of the hos- area along the Afghan border, as well tary" incursion. She threatened to tility between the two powers. as in Baluchistan, a tribal region bring the men to trial. The Soviet marshals are obsessed split between Pakistan and Iran. The facts seem to favor the Chinese with China and fear the "yellow In this area, Russia is seeking a version of this incident. The Russians peril" more than they do the United land corridor to the Indian Ocean. have 13 divisions along the Sinkiang States. Their fear is reciprocated and For their own separate national rea- border, organized into two powerful has led to subtle changes in Chinese sons, the United States and China striking armies. Radar and air con- foreign policy that align it quite often want no such thing, nor does Iran. trol systems in the area are especially with U.S. policy. Thus, China has be- India's atomic bomb, interestingly dense, so that it is highly unlikely come a staunch champion of a strong (Continued on page 40)

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 With a cord tied to each end and LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS stretched between two trees, it's a perfect clothesline. The hooks on hangers can be put through the links, Our Waterfowl Heritage keeping the drying clothes separated.

Among our greatest natural re- raccoon has become duck enemy No. A CANDLE will lubricate the zippers sources for outdoorsmen are the 1, invading the marshes in great num- on your jacket, sleeping bag, tent millions of migratory ducks and geese bers and devouring eggs, ducklings flaps and windows, etc., writes Bernice which breed in the marshes of Can- and even nesting ducks when they Borowiak of Chicago, 111. Just rub it ada and Alaska, and winter as far can catch them. In general, the Fish along the teeth of the zipper. A cake south as Mexico and the Caribbean. and Wildlife Service reports that last of soap will work as well, too. On their migrations across the U.S. year's breeding season was a good they funnel through four fly ways; one one and this year there will be just as RUN a stick or a piece of wire from follows the Atlantic Coast, the second many waterfowl. But the Black Duck side to side through the bottom of a the Mississippi River, the third the (an Eastern species) is in short sup- plastic jug, fill with water, tighten the Central States and the fourth the Pa- ply for unknown reasons, also the cap and hang upside down from a cific Coast. International treaties with Canvasback. Overshooting is sus- tree near your campsite, suggests Mrs. Canada and Mexico restrict shooting pected. E. Crooks of Browns, 111. When you to maintain their populations. Each It has been discovered that many want to wash up, loosen the cap year these flyways are watched care- feeding waterfowl inadvertantly swal- slightly and the water will drip out. fully by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife low lead pellets and eventually die of Service which estimates the numbers lead poisoning. An Environmental Im- NOBODY ever trips over the tent of the various species, evaluates the pact Statement of the Department of stakes of John Loveland of St. Louis, conditions of their nesting areas, then the Interior suggests the use of steel Mo. He wraps them with aluminum specifies the open shooting seasons shot instead of lead for all waterfowl foil. They're easily seen by day, and and bag limits of each. An organiza- shooting beginning with the 1976 sea- at night shine like beacons in the tion of sportsmen, Ducks Unlimited, son. Soft steel will not damage most rays of a lantern or flashlight. researches and contributes to the American shotguns but can harm the packing his backpack, Tim maintenance of the Canadian water- thin barrels of expensive imports. WHEN Calif, rolls up fowl breeding marshes. Money from Main objection is that it doesn't have Best of Sierra Madre, raincoat, other cloth- the annual sale of the Federal Duck the range or power of lead shot, re- his sweater and ing. says that packing them rolled Stamp, required of every waterfowl sulting in more wounded birds which He instead of flat takes less space. Ask shooter, and fees from shooting li- escape to die elsewhere. The national who's ever used a censes, also help preserve our water- issue is not yet resolved, but this sea- any Navy man duffle fowl. son some local areas require the use of bag. Pollution is effecting waterfowl as steel shot only. If you must use steel ICE CUBES in a cooler usually freeze it does all our wildlife. Industry, high- shot, the National Shooting Sports together, must be chopped apart. Mrs. ways and our expanding population Foundation recommends that you do John Eckroth of Mandan, N. Dak. uses are consuming many of the local not shoot at a duck or goose beyond plastic egg cartons filled with water marshes, and wetland areas that have 40 yards maximum. Will as many and frozen. Single cubes are easy to served as resting sites. But there has birds die as steel-shot cripples as do snap off to be added to cool a drink been little indication of damage from from lead-shot poisoning? Experi- or fresh water. pesticides, as is suspected in the case ments indicate this might be true—un- of some birds including our bald less shooters can be persuaded to WHEN you walk off the trail in strange eagle. concentrations have been judge their shooting distances more Small woods, snap small twigs on low bushes found in many waterfowl specimens accurately. as you go, advises Lane Olinghouse of but fertility and egg quality do not Missoula, Mont. Don't break them off; seem to have suffered. Natural ene- IN YOUR trailer, motor home or just split them. They'll mark your path mies in the breeding grounds are the camper, carry a 15-foot length of so you can retrace your steps. Better greatest hazards. Crows destroy thou- light-weight, large-link chain, as does than damaging trees by blazing them. sands of eggs each year. Recently the Mrs. G. E. Watson of Chicago, 111. TO HEAT his tent on a cool fall night, S. E. Garren of Birmingham, Ala. fills a metal bucket with stones, heats it on his campfire, then places it on insulat- ing rocks on his tent floor. It radiates heat for a long time.

~~NEVER use a chain as an anchor line in a lake with a rocky bottom, warns Carl Myrom of Redwood Falls, Minn. If the anchor wedges in the rocks, you'll need a bolt cutter to get loose.~~

TO DRY wet shoes or boots, warm a pan of whole oats in an oven and fill your shoes with them, suggests Nels Lyons of Bemidji, Minn. They'll be dry by morning. Save the oats for re-use. Warm pebbles will do almost as well.

If you have a helpful idea for this feature send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, return, or enter into correspondence concerning contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave- nue of the Americas. New York,N.Y. 10019. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 13 .

~~WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . PRO & CON SHOULD FOREIGN BOR~~

The Constitution is the embodiment of the ideals Medal of Honor winners of justice, equality and freedom that the United born outside the United States stands for. But amazingly, the Constitution States exceeds their per- discriminates against a significant portion of the pop- centage representation in

ulation, barring them from ever holding their coun- the population by 2 to 1. try's highest elected office. Naturalized citizens Indeed, we are a nation (including our able Secretary of State) are clearly of immigrants. People barred from the Presidency. There is also ambiguity who have lived under regarding the eligibility of children born to U. S. the yoke of oppression citizens abroad. abroad and thereafter I have introduced in the Congress a proposed Con- gain their U. S. citizen- stitutional amendment to end this invidious discrim- ship cherish it as their all if ination. I believe that U. S. citizens, they have most prized possession Rep. Jonathan B. Bingham attained age 35 and have resided in the United States and conscientiously carry (D-N.Y.) for 14 years, should be able to hold the office of Presi- out the obligations of citizenship. dent. If the bar against naturalized citizens was included Foreign-born citizens serve in every facet of gov- by the founding fathers to prevent the ascendance ernment. The Constitution provides that to become of a President dominated by and loyal to King a Member of Congress one must be a citizen for only George, it is obvious that the provision is no longer seven years, to become a Senator, a citizen for only needed. Some people, harboring the basest preju- nine years. Six Supreme Court Justices were born dices, will always suspect the loyalties of Americans outside of the United States, including two who were born outside the territorial limits of the United naturalized, Justices Frankfurter and Sutherland, States, despite the illogic of such a notion. There is two outstanding jurists. no test to determine the loyalty of any man. He can It is absurd that the Constitution might be inter- only reveal his true character through his acts. preted by the courts to restrict Presidential eligibil- The voters of this great nation should be afforded ity to citizens whose parents had the foresight to the opportunity to choose the most qualified candi- give birth in the United States. I have received many date to hold the office of President, no matter how letters from concerned Americans on both sides of that candidate derived his or her citizenship. the issue, and not one of those who opposes the amendment argues that children born abroad to U. S. citizens should be excluded. Foreign-born Americans have defended this country since 1776, many with their lives; lA r r of the 3,517 men and women who have been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor were foreign born. I find it particularly persuasive that the percentage of

~~If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this~~

~~14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 BE ELIGIBLE FOR THE PRESIDENCY ?~~

The Constitution wise be intriguing for the office; and interposes a makes eligible to the barrier against—interferences of foreign govern- office of President only ments in executive election." natural born citizens of The evil guarded against is the evil of divided the United States, that is, loyalty. One way to insure that the President of the those who are citizens United States, who constitutionally holds in his from their birth. This pro- hands the entire executive power of our govern- vision was agreed to with- ment, is without foreign patriotic ties is to limit out debate in the consti- eligibility for the office to those citizens who have tutional convention. Lack never been allegiant to any other sovereignty. of debate suggested no A large number of American citizens, born in lack of consideration of foreign lands and becoming citizens through natu- the question, however. ralization procedures, greatly enriched Rep. Edward Hutchinson On have our (R-Mich.) the contrary, it indicated culture, our science and industry. They have served total agreement. our government and participated in it with great Referring to this provision, Alexander Hamilton courage and devotion. Their loyalty is unques- wrote in the Federalist: "Nothing was more to be tioned. The country has not been deprived of their desired than that every practicable obstacle should contributions to our national well-being. Un- be opposed to cabal, intrigue and corruption. These doubtedly some would have made good Presidents. most deadly adversaries of Republican Government Still, the total executive authority vested in the might naturally be expected to make their ap- President is an awesome power, and in the struggle proaches from more than one quarter, but chiefly for power among nations it is conceivable that even from the desire in foreign powers to gain an im- in our time foreign intrigue might yet succeed, as proper ascendant in our councils. How could they Hamilton wrote, in "raising a creature of their own better gratify this than by raising a creature of their to the chief magistracy of the union." It remains own to the chief magistracy of the Union? But the good statesmanship to limit the occupancy of the convention have guarded against all danger of this office of the chief executive to those who from sort with the most provident and judicious atten- their birth have been citizens of our own sov- tion." ereignty. Writing in the early 19th century, Mr. Justice Story observed in his commentaries on the Consti- tution that "it is indispensable, too, that the president should be a natural born citizen of the United

~~States. . . (There is a) great fundamental policy of all governments to exclude foreign influence from their executive councils and duties ... it cuts off all~~

~~chances for ambitious foreigners who might other- I have read in The American Legion Magazine for No- vember the arguments in PRO & CON: Should Foreign- Born Citizens Be Eligible For The Presidency?~~

~~IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO~~

~~SIGNED sue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. > ADDRESS~~

~~TOWN STATE~~

~~You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.~~

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 J5 THEIR IDEAS CAN HELP PROVIDE...~~

Enough Energy for America W'e've been tuning in on America and we look for new reserves. like the realism on energy we're beginning If America's long-term energy position is to to notice. be sound, everyone must help: More people now seem to understand that Industry— supplying know-how, taking risks, our energy problems didn't end with last win- raising unprecedented capital. ter's gasoline lines. That reducing depend- Government— setting durable ground rules, ence on imports, which supply more than a providing a sound investment atmosphere, third of the petroleum used in this country, slashing red tape, helping with research. will be a hard pull for a decade or longer. There's need, for example, to clear the way That, in the meantime, we've got to scramble for deepwater ports (so still-needed imports for energy wherever we can get it here and can be handled efficiently in very large abroad. tankers). It's vital, also, to end administrative

Yogi Berra's got the key word for what the delays blocking new oil and gas exploration effort will take. Teamwork. It does the job for off our coasts (where geologists think Amer- baseball's New York Mets, most years any- ica's biggest undiscovered reserves may lie). way. And it's absolutely critical to greater In research, government can help make down- energy security. Industry, government, envi- the-road fuels like solar energy and nuclear ronmentalists, consumers — working together fusion commercially feasible; and help re- instead of feuding. solve the environmental problems in produc- Improving America's energy position will ing energy from the West's abundant coal and take a willingness to let the free market do its shale. job. Missouri's Claudie McQuerry, the farmer Environmentalists — they'll have to com- in our circle, dislikes having to pay more for promise, but not with their principles. Walt fuel. But he knows from growing corn that it Welles, the sailing enthusiast in our circle, takes realistic prices to offset rising produc- depends on diesel fuel and on petroleum de- tion costs. And it requires time before price rivatives like his maintenance-free plastic hull incentive brings in more production. In the and quick-drying sails. But he's counting on petroleum business, the lag between finding advancing technology and strict regulation to and producing new oil and gas is often three minimize oil spills and other pollution. Oil years or more. companies can live responsibly with that kind There's a need, too, for government re- of trade-off. straint if the petroleum industry is to attract The consumer— he's got a role, too, nurtur- hundreds of billions of dollars in new investing that conservation ethic he learned in last ment to find, produce, and refine enough fuel winter's emergency. Making precious fuel for the decade ahead. Because nothing could stretch. hurt worse than excessive government inter- Everyone, in short, making a team effort, ference. Today's acute shortage of natural providing in the years ahead enough energy gas, for example, traces directly to imposition for the economic growth so essential to social of wellhead price controls on gas 20 years progress, material well-being and a cleaner ago. They brought bargain-basement prices, environment. stimulating demand while killing incentive to Count on us to be team players.

~~Mobil~~

~~DATA GENERAL Those mysterious codes appearing on foodstore products herald a coming shopping change.~~

~~By TOM MAHONEY~~

you live in one of a few scattered Ifareas of the United States or Can- ada, you may already have experienced something new in your grocery supermarket—a novel change on the shelves and packages, and at the REVOLUTION AT THE checkout counter, which marks a revolution in electronic retail marketing and accounting systems. On the self-service shelves, prices CHECKOUT COUNTER may not appear on each package, but simply be posted on the shelf. Each package has a weird set of symbols printed on it by the packager— bunch of vertical lines of varying thickness with numbers under them, all crowded together in a little patch about iy2 inches long and one inch high, with another number off to the left. Each packaged item has a dis- tinct set of these lines which identifies it for what it is, by maker, product, size and weight. The size of the symbol can vary. Wrigley's chewing gum will use a miniature version. The little patch can separately identify 100 billion different items. Millions of people have already seen these symbols on packages in stores and some have seen them in use. They are known as the Universal Product Code. Nearly half of all prepackaged food store items will soon bear the code. By the end of next year, about 70% of them will. In a store that uses the symbol, when you take your purchases to the checkout counter the checker exposes the symbol on each package to an Data General automated checkout equipment, used in first installation in Stoughton, electronic scanner, instead of turning Mass. Each purchase appears on the high readout screen and on the sales slip. it every which way to see what price is marked on it. The scanner is hooked out your sales slip, with a printed June 26, a Marsh supermarket in to a computerized cash register. The record for every item, the name and Troy, Ohio, put six checkout lanes on checker doesn't punch keys to register address of the store, the checkout a scanner-computer system. Last Au- each item. Instead, the scanner-com- lane, the checker, the date (and pos- gust, Steinberg's, Ltd., Canada's sec- puter identifies the package on sight sibly the hour and minute), the sales ond largest supermarket chain, from the symbol, reads a program of tax and the amount of change due started using such a scanner system its own to find the price, and flashes you. in a Montreal store, printing the the information for each package in Internally, the computer records sales-slip information in both French turn on a lighted read-out screen, vis- the sales—and the changes in store and English. Earlier last summer, a ible to you. The checker can bag inventory and cash supply—in the ac- big Pathmark store in South Plain- most of your items in the time she counting system of the store and per- field, N.J., put one in service, while formerly used to punch keys. haps of the central office of the chain nine checkstands went on scanners in Was it a 39<* can of Alpo dog food? of stores, as fast as the symbols on a Brockton Public Market at Stough- The screen may flash .39 ALPO DOG the packages can be viewed. ton, Mass. FOOD. Or perhaps just .39 DOG A pilot model of this type of check- By next spring, many more major FOOD, without the brand name. No out was run for 15 months, a while food chains will have tested scanner more just GR for groceries or MT for back, in a Kroger store in Kenwood, checkouts in some of their stores, or meat. As fast as the checker can ex- Ohio, outside of Cincinnati. A later have them well under way. By 1980 pose each package to the scanner, the version went into brief use last Feb. or so virtually every food store that price and item flash on the screen. At 26 at the Finast Big Buy store on is big enough to afford the expensive the end of the sale the computer spits Route 30 in Framingham, Mass. On equipment may be pushing its cus-

~~18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 E. A. EGRET FOTO CHASE LTD.~~

~~HOW TO READ A CAN~~

The zero at left says the item is one regularly retailed in grocery stores. The 11132 says it is a product of Allen Products Co., Allentown, Pa., when read at the same l time as the zero at left. The 00012 says the item is a 14 /2 oz. can of Alpo Chicken & Liver Dinner "for dogs and puppies," when read at the same time as the zero and the 11132. The item sold for 390, and the computer was programmed to read the symbol Wallace N. Flint conceived automated as a 390 item, and sales-taxable. checkouts in 1932, and had a role in If the price changed, the computer would be reprogrammed to assign the new their adoption some 40 years later. price on "seeing" the symbol. The vertical lines are what the scanner reads to "see" the numbers under them. to its chain's district office and its The lines at the extreme ends and in the center orient the scanner, telling it central office, on a minute to minute that when it sees them as vertical lines it sees the symbol correctly. The second basis to show what's selling where, pair of lines from the left are what the scanner reads for the zero at left. — The imperfections in the lines over the 2 at right were caused in handling or and to keep instant inventories of shipping. The scanner can read any hairline path across the symbol, and wouldn't every store and the whole chain. In be bothered by these imperfections. If it couldn't get a good reading, it might beep effect, the moment you buy your Alpo or not beep, depending on the system used in the particular store. dog food, the bowels of the computer system tell the store and the whole chain to "scratch one can" of that tomers through electronic scanner service shelves. Some stores carry particular Alpo item. From this it is checkout lines. 8,000 price-marked items at any time. a simple jump to the computer telling There is more in this for the stores, If Alpo dog food is 39^ today, the the chain how much of what to buy perhaps, than for the customers, but computer is programmed to charge and which stores to send how much there's something in it for everyone. 39

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 19 continued register, or in eliminating price Revo l ut i on At The Checkout Counter marks on each item. Sears would it register the sale, but it would idea was not. Flint stayed with it, Roebuck ordered more than cause the item to be picked up by a and he has been one of the leaders 30,000 of the Singer units, J.C. Pen- traveling belt and brought to you. in urging and helping the food indus- ney bought an initial 10,000. Their That was before Mr. Whipple proved try to develop the new scanner sys- central office executives could read that the customers like to handle the tem, some 40-odd years later. all about sales throughout their sys- goods themselves. He recently retired to Hilton Head, tems at any time without disturbing Flint's 1932 proposal was imprac- S.C., but he remains a consultant to any of their stores' operations. National tical for many reasons—but the basic the industry in its complex problem Cash Register, in Dayton, of devising and maintaining a uni- Ohio, was on the same trail. The firm form code of symbols to identify wrote off $130 million in inventory packages of innumerable products and equipment for making conven- turned out by any number of manu- tional cash registers and beefed up facturers and packagers, to be read its computer program. NCR lost $59 by any of many brands of computer- million in 1972, but in 1973 they had scanner-registers. their best year yet. They have had That, of course, has been the real big orders for electronic registers problem in the years since electronics from Montgomery Ward, Publix Su- became so advanced. How to get permarkets—and others, including everyone who is selling, making, more from Penney than Singer had packaging or distributing foodstuffs sold them. and other grocery store items to agree These, of course, are in the same on a uniform code and symbol, and general family as the Singer ma- how to integrate the operation with chines. For department stores that various electronics manufacturers. handle all kinds of merchandise of all The real revolution coming to the sizes, much of it not prepackaged, in- checkout counters is one of success- cluding hammers, nails, radios, TV's, fully coordinating people and firms mattresses, dresses, shirts, shoes, etc., who compete with one another. no scanner system yet exists—or is Wallace Flint did a lot of the push- sought—of the type food stores are moving into. Their cashiers are doing ing to bring it about, as did some of the chain stores and innovators in more work, not less, on new equip- the electronics and cash register in- ment—by taking over more book- dustries. After he got out of Harvard, keeping and auditing functions with Flint worked for a while for what their fingertips. The department became the Stop & Shop chain in New stores, through the National Retail England. He then joined the National Merchants Ass'n, are trying to work Association of Food Chains in Wash- out a standard merchandising ticket A hand scanner reads symbol for this Data ington, D.C. He was a lieutenant General equipment. Checker scans, bags item DATA GENERAL colonel in the Office the without taking time to punch keyboard. of Quarter- master General in WW2, and returned to the NAFC as vice-president. War- time advances in electronics reawak- ened his interest in retail automation. In a talk to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce in 1955 he urged sales automation. Philco and Sylvania began experimenting with overhead scanners to read the prices marked on retail packages. These did not prove practical. A costly effort by General Electric and the J.C. Penney Co. to develop a retail computer system came to nothing and G.E. quit the computer business. But at the Singer Co., Samuel B. Harvey, Janet L. Norman and others developed a successful new electronic cash register, the Modular Data Transaction system—not a scanning system. Singer used it first in 1969 in its own 1,400 retail stores and ef- fected an annual saving of about $1 million in bookkeeping and auditing. The cashiers still had to punch keys. The advantage lay in feeding the sales data directly into the store's (and the company's) accounting systems from the checkout counter, not in speeding This National Cash Register scanner is built Stores can affix symbols themselves while into counter top, reads code in any position. up the customer's trip past the cash waiting for makers to encode all packages.

~~20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 —~~

John L. Strubbe took the step that MARSH SUPERMARKETS got electronics designers successfully * * STEINBERG * * 982 NO. MARKET ST. engaged in contriving equipment tai- TROY OHIO i»5373 lored to grocery items distribution. About 1968, Strubbe called a series STORE 59 06/06/74 of meetings with electronics firms UNCL RIZ RIC .83 GRO • 79D M IN R ICE to give them the ABC's of the na- R0YA P0U PUD .20 ture of all the grocery business, GRO • 25D CAN PEAS STBG MARGARI .59 from the manufacturer or packager GRO • 65D RICE KRAF CON JAM .58 to the final sale. Strubbe is a vice

GRO • 1 2D PUDDING president of the Kroger chain, which The system allows 22 spaces per line on sales slips. Above is part of a sales GRO 1 . 18D POL ISH is big in the midwest, south and southwest. slip of Steinberg's in Montreal. By ab- GRO • 29D SOAP breviating, it includes brand name and RCA picked up the ball, and de- GRO . i9D GREEN PEA product name in French and English. We signed scanning checkout equipment have UNCL for Uncle Ben's Rice, then GRO • 370 TOM SOUP fundamentals met the needs whose the French RIZ (rice) and RIC for the MT 1 T .980 BONE and are the basis of most later de- English "rice." Then ROYA for Royal, MT 2.78D RIB EYE signs—though RCA got out of it and POU for the French "pouding" and PUD her interest for the English Stein- GRO • U7P KOOL AID Sperry-Univac bought "pudding." Then and equipment in this field. berg's own margarine, with more spelled GRO .07D KOOL AID Now, with the RCA equipment ac- out as the word is the same in both GRO • 06D KOOL AID languages. Finally KRAF for Kraft, CON tually in existence (and on display for the French "conserve," and the GRO • 98D SODA POP at Princeton, N.J.) interest rose. English JAM. The stores need some of • 30H BT DEP Flint sounded out the big chain the 22 spaces for symbols of their own. GRO .320 SDDA POP stores on a uniform, machine-readable code. They were for it, but had . 1 OH BT DEP many ideas about what the symbols GRO CAKE MIX ought to be. Flint employed a com- by one store only perhaps of local GRO .3^P CAKE MIX — puter consulting service firm, Logi- origin, etc.? GRO • 1 90 TOM RICE con, Inc., to propose a code. A What safeguards would be needed GRO • I9P TOM RICE meeting of grocery trade association should a computer malfunction in the GRO .320 CAKE MIX executives in Washington, D.C., in middle of a business day, or indeed in July 1970, considered it, and top rep- the middle of a sale; or in case of a GRO • 34P CAKE MIX resentatives of big stores and leading power failure? What safeguards GRO • 34D CAKE MIX manufacturers agreed to appoint an could be built in if checkout clerks GRO .380 CAKE MIX Ad Hoc Committee of important in- gave the scanners a poor look at the dustry leaders in the U.S. & Canada symbols or if the symbols were de- —half manufacturers and half dis- faced in shipping handling? 1 2.88 TOTAL or How tributors—to decide whether the in- well might any system adopted be dustry should have a uniform code compatible with other possible inno- 5.00 CASH and what kind of symbol it should vations, such as automatic check and use. Leaders of seven big trade asso- credit card verification, or even cash- ciations joined in the decision. Two less transfers from the customer's 2.12 CHANGE of them, the Grocery Manufacturers bank account to the store's to pay for Association and the Super Market purchases? Institute, put up the initial funds How much flexibility could the sys- I2<4 TS $50,000 each. tem allow the equipment, so that elec-

0003 01 1 /4.09PM Since 1955, Flint's group, the Na- tronics manufacturers could compete tional Association of Food Chains, (Continued on page JfO) Sales slip issued by National Cash Regis- had been putting up seed money. ter equipment for Marsh in Troy, Ohio. APPROVAL for department store items—one that More meetings and studies fol- humans can read and register with lowed, as a web of questions :harge Security Agreement or my Sears Revolving Charge Account arose about the implications of such sales price consisting of the cash price plus the finance charge. more speed and accuracy. I of the Credit Sales Department of Sears, Roebuck and Co. Flint was certain, however, that a system. How much would the check- the nature of the products, packaging out counter equipment cost? How and sales in the food business was much business must a store do to af- DESCRIPTION CASH PRICE ford it? What savings would follow such that it could leapfrog right over 12345 EMP the advances of the department stores based on how much business? How and add scanning to computerized could the code be made compatible 11 DIV cash register accounting systems. By with other codes in use, or that might 2301 MDSE now, many others in the industry come into use, or that the govern- 36.00 EA 36.00+ exploring ment might require? The Food and were the idea. They were 3384991290999 36.00+ S certain that IBM, Singer, National Drug Administration already re- 5 . 00%TAX 1.80+ Cash Register and many another elec- quired codes on some drug products. tronics firm would be happy to pro- How could the system include pro- 3384991290999 37.80+ S duce scanning equipment, and com- visions for in-store modifications for 3384991290999 37.80+ T pete among themselves for the perishables; non-brand items; items 09 28 74 business— if only the food merchants not prepackaged; items of varying and makers would agree on a uni- weight and price from one sale to the A Sears sales slip from a new Singer register. It doesn't scan, it form code to put on their goods. next, such as meat cuts; items sold but automates accounting. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 21 A Look at the National Archives inWashington, D.C.

By ANNE LEAR tion's founding documents sit on scissors jacks. At night, or in the Rising above the bustle of traffic event of threat, they are lowered, on Constitution Avenue in cases and all, into their own vault Washington, D.C.—with its main 20 feet below the floor. public entrance between 7th and The stack areas are composed of 68 9th Streets, Northwest—is America's concrete compartments, each three great repository of information, his- floors high. A visitor to Washington tory, photos and documents, the Na- can lose himself there in the nation's tional Archives and Records Service. past. Every year tens of thousands of Here, in an elaborate set of glass and citizens, from professional scholars bronze cases in the Exhibition Hall, to the merely curious, do just that. are the Declaration of Independence, Their requests are endless. A the Constitution and the Bill of college student wants to trace his Rights—sealed in helium gas to pro- ancestors' trek from Sweden to tect them from oxidation. And here, Canada and across the plains and too, as America's Bicentennial ap- mountains to Washington State. An proaches, are millions of other na- attorney representing a descendant tional records spanning our 200-year of the Revolutionary patriot, Thad- history. deus Kosciusko, seeks documentation From all over the nation the trail that would entitle his client to land of memories leads to the Archives. A granted the Polish soldier for his WW2 veteran seeks a recording of a service during our War of Indepen- radio broadcast he heard while serv- dence. A professor from the Soviet ing on a Pacific island. A young Institute of Military History fills out black student ponders the manifest his form to look through American of a slave ship to trace the trail military records for a book he is of his African ancestors. A Mary- writing on the Second World War. land housewife reads the battlefield Some requests are beyond all hope commendations of her Civil War of fulfillment. An amateur genealo- The original Declaration of Independence great-grandfather, winner of the gist wrote asking for "the complete and Bill of Rights on Archives display. Congressional Medal of Honor. records of all persons who served in Here are documents, photographs staff members—archivists, histori- all wars." and films, faded maps and letters ans, genealogists—answer more than Someone else wanted a photograph —the stuff of history from Revolu- one million requests for informa- of the act of signing of the Declara- tionary times to the present. Here tion from governmental and private tion of Independence, an event that Americans come from all 50 states to sources. They pore through millions preceded the first photography by read Admiral Perry's reports on the of new documents a year, sorting more than 60 years. "opening of Japan," the diaries of out and cataloguing those modern A letter written in green ink on French and Indian War soldiers, the records which now seem worth sav- school notebook paper asked for a more than 500 carefully penned vol- ing for future generations. recording of "Panch Pilot describing umes of the Continental Congress All this is a comparatively recent the crucifixtion of Jesus Christ." that record the day-to-day struggle development. The United States was Research consultant William Lind for the nation's survival from 1774 the last of the great nations to pro- notes that at least once or twice a to 1789. Here visitors examine the vide for the adequate preservation year someone comes to the Archives Civil War photos of Mathew Brady, of her official records. Until 1934, trying to document a farfetched study the expense accounts of George federal records lay about in offices, claim to some immense fortune. Washington (complete to the pay- attics, basements and garages. A few During WW1, a small group of ments made for colonial spies), hear were well kept, but many had been American railroaders volunteered to the voices of Tokyo Rose and Lord allowed to deteriorate into moldy work for the U.S. Army as part of Haw Haw. tatters. President Coolidge recom- the Russian Railway Service Corps The Archives' holdings are mas- mended the creation of the Archives, (RRSC). For decades afterwards, a sive—1.2 million cubic feet of docu- but the building was not occupied dispute continued over whether these ments and other records, including until 1935. It is a great marble struc- men were actually a part of the U.S. 1.7 million maps, 4.8 million still ture, with 72 Corinthian columns of Army and therefore eligible for photos, 82,000 reels of motion-pic- Indiana limestone. At the front, rear appropriate pensions and veterans' ture film, 200,000 rolls of microfilm. and delivery entrances, huge bronze privileges. Finally, in 1973, the RRSC Together, they show the total experi- doors slide silently into place at clos- was officially declared part of the ence of the country and its people ing time each night, sealing the Army. But where to find records of from a unique vantage point. building like an enormous safe. employment and other details neces- Each year the institution's 530 The sealed cases containing the na- sary to compute pensions? Searchers

22 T HE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 Main entrance of the Archives of the United States on Constitution Ave., between 7th and 9th Streets, N.W. in Washington, D.C. from the Army Office of the Judge son while on Christmas vacation in again arose, Argentina asked the Advocate General went to the Ar- 1967. Attached to the bill in Archives Archives to find the 1881 map. Ar- chives to find the men's job applica- stacks was a handwritten note stat- chivists in the diplomatic section pro- tions and records of their pay and ing it was "signed by the President duced the map, but the colored dots length of service. The informa- at 3:05 p.m. December 27 at the on the disputed island had faded. tion from the documents, which had Ranch," six hours before the crime A full-color blowup of the map lain in storage for more than 50 had been committed. was made—and it showed Irigoyen's years, enabled 20 dependents and In many instances the Archives original pencil marks. The map is survivors to collect pensions, be ad- and Records Service is used to help now entered as evidence before a mitted to Veterans Administration settle international questions in un- special tribunal, empaneled by the hospitals and receive other benefits. expected ways. In 1881, the United International Court of Law at The Sometimes the results of an Ar- States helped mediate a dispute be- Hague to settle the dispute. chives search are not what the seeker tween Chile and Argentina over a If you want to use the Archives, had hoped for. When a resident group of small islands in the Beagle you check in first at a second-floor of Washington, D.C, was convicted Channel, which cuts into the tip of reception office and are given a re- of burglary, robbery and assault South America at the boundary of searcher's card. No one is ever turned with a dangerous weapon, he was the two nations. Marking the settle- away who complies with the basic stunned by the stiff sentence—up to ment, Argentine Minister of Foreign rules concerning respect for the ma- 15 years—that he received under a Affairs Bernardo de Irigoyen drew terials and for other researchers. The tough new federal crime bill. He ap- the agreed-upon boundary in red next step is the office of one of the pealed the sentence on grounds the pencil on a large colored map, mak- research consultants who discusses new law had not been in effect at ing three red dots upon three islands with you just what materials you the time of the crime—by a matter in the channel which were to be need and how to get at them. Then of perhaps a few hours. At the re- under Argentine control. The map off you go to the Main Reading quest of the U.S. Court of Appeals, was given to the American ambassa- Room, or to the new microfilm view- archivists found the original copy of dor, Thomas Osborne, who sent it ing room, or perhaps through non- the bill, which had been signed into back to Washington. Recently, when flammable hallways and stacks to law by President Lyndon B. John- dispute over the channel islands once one of the special departments such

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 23 CONTINUED so finely detailed, even tracing jungle A Look At The National Archives In Washington, D.C. trails, that for certain areas they were superior to any other maps as Military Records, where the stuff stacks that captured enemy films available. of many a historical novel or biogra- and other records are stored. Just in- In the basement, the first thing to phy has been gathered. Barbara side the stack door, on a top shelf, is loom up is a very large steel box with Tuchman, when researching her a little group of girlish photo albums, a heavy door and a lot of dials. "This book on General "Vinegar Joe" Stil- most of them covered in gingham or is our gas chamber," a staff member well, made extensive use of the U.S. floral print cotton. They look out of says cheerfully, and he is speaking military attache reports from China place among the official boxes sur- the literal truth. All books and docu- collected here, and spent long hours rounding them. Inside are the all too ments coming into the building are viewing thousands of feet of Ar- familiar faces, in relaxed and occa- fumigated at once to destroy insects chives film taken by Stilwell's com- sionally formal poses, of Adolf Hitler and molds which may pervade them bat photographers. and other Nazi leaders that comprise and which would, of course, be a At your destination, you notify the the private photo collection of Eva danger to the entire collection if they attendant of your arrival so that the Braun. survived. materials you need may be brought A staggering range of motion Elsewhere in the basement are to you promptly from the bowels of picture films is available for public laboratories where fragile pages of the building. You are urged to make viewing. Footage of the construction crumbling paper, parchment and inquiry if you think you are waiting of the Panama Canal, meetings of other record-keeping materials are too long. "Please do not suffer in the League of Nations, WW2 propa- pieced together, restored as nearly as silence," warns the "Information for ganda films, etc. Here is the official possible and sometimes laminated be- Researchers" slip. It is true that movie of the acceptance flight, at Ft. tween layers of cloth and plastic. The some delays cannot be helped, "but Myer, Va., of the first airplane the facilities, although crowded, are so- please check—don't allow an unnec- U.S. government ever bought, or- phisticated and elaborate, as is the training of the men and women who use them. Archivists and consulting experts work endlessly to authenticate historical materials and often to discover new "finds" in the great masses of material still to be catalogued. One of the most difficult challenges was trying to identify whose grace- ful hand wrote the original copy of the Bill of Rights, which is on display today. Archivists searched out the names of all the clerks of the House at the time of the bill's ratification by the First Congress in 1789. Sam- ples of their handwriting were sent to experts at the Federal Bureau of Investigation along with a sample of the document itself. FBI experts The Microfilm Research Room in the Archives. There are more than 200,000 rolls able positively identify of microfilm of documents covering the sweep of our 200-year national history. were to one William Lambert as the man who essary delay to become aggravating." dered from the Wright brothers by penned the final draft of this state- This is not bureaucracy as it is usu- the Army late in 1907, four years ment of our fundamental rights. ally practiced, but it is really the way after their first flight at Kitty Hawk. Lambert served under the Clerk of it works at the National Archives. It was filmed with an Agriculture the House as Principal Clerk from Touring the stacks of specially de- Department camera, the only one the 1789 to 1791. signed boxes sitting on row after row government had at the time that Albert Leisinger, one of the ad- of steel shelving is an arresting ex- would take moving pictures. ministrators of the National Ar- perience. Labels and titles like Slave In the cartographic (map) division chives, recalls setting up a display to Sale Records, Georgia 1851f and Pro- there are hand-drawn maps dating observe the Lincoln Sesquicentennial ceedings of the Continental Congress back to the beginning of the 18th in 1959. Most material available on leap to the attention. In the Audio- century, printed maps even older. Abraham Lincoln was all too fa- Visual Division one may see turn-of- Among the newest additions are the miliar, and Leisinger began search- the-century pictures of "Saloons and charts of the moon compiled on the ing for something new. Burrowing disreputable places of Hazen, Nev." Apollo missions. Uses of the map di- into stacks of old Archives docu- or thumb through the Mathew Brady vision are many. Historic fortifica- ments, Leisinger and a colleague file. There are pictures of Geronimo, tion plans are checked to help with found a handwritten letter from Sitting Bull and the Miniconjou restorations for the 1976 Bicenten- Lincoln to one of his wife's cousins Sioux Chief Big Foot; photos of nial. Old maps and water charts are dated 1841. They also found 15 hand- Judge Roy Bean in his saloon-court- compared with new aerial photos to written telegraph messages which house in Langtry and of the 1890 study shoreline changes and develop- had been unknown to any Lincoln "Dodge City Peace Commissioners" ment. In 1944, Pentagon planners scholar. Lincoln's Secretary of War, including Bat Masterson and Wyatt preparing for General MacArthur's Edwin Stanton, had ordered that the Earp. return to the Philippines studied the military telegraph could be used only WW2 is especially well covered, islands from 150 Spanish-made maps if written originals of all messages for it is here in the Audio-Visual taken from Spain in 1898. Some were were filed with his office. President

~~24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 The Central Research Room of the National Archives and Records Service.~~

Lincoln complied, and these 15 mes- a passport or social security benefits. ministers the keeping of the Federal sages in his hand had been tucked On one occasion an immigrant sailor Register of all laws and regulations away in an unnoticed War Depart- was saved from deportation with the of the federal government, as well ment file waiting to be discovered. help of the Archives. The seaman as the Presidential Libraries of Her- One of the most popular uses for had—years earlier—worked aboard bert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Archives is as a source for gene- an American flag vessel long enough, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy alogical research. Charles Miller, a he felt, to allow his total American and Lyndon B. Johnson, located in supervisor of the Archives central residence to qualify him for citizen- Iowa, New York, Missouri, Massa- research room, says that about 70% ship. But he could not recall the name chusetts and Texas, respectively. The of those using the facilities are ama- of the ship on which he'd served so administrator is the Archivist of the teur or professional genealogists, long ago. Working with partial de- United States, currently Dr. James looking for records of their own scriptions from the sailor's memory, B. Rhoads, 46. A native of Iowa, he or others' ancestors. Carl Albert, the Archives was finally able to iden- has been with the Archives and Rec- Speaker of the House of Representa- tify the ship and locate the man's ords Service since 1952, and has tives, is one of them and has been name on its crew list. He had served headed it since 1968. dropping in from time to time for the as he claimed and was able to re- The Archives' immense and varied last 20 years to trace the origins of main in the country and apply for collection of documents, photographs his family. citizenship. and records is open to everyone. It is Old census records, pension lists Black Americans come in increas- like some great attic to which we can and military rosters fill the screens ing numbers now to seek out their climb and explore the neatly stacked in the busy microfilm viewing room interrupted backgrounds. According boxes of America's past. end. as Americans search for their ances- to James Walker, the Archives Gene- tors. Ships' passenger lists are help- alogy and Local History specialist, ful too, and all the other curious interest in black genealogy took a lists where names of Americans have sharp upturn when Alex Haley began been entered over the past several lecturing on the subject in 1969. His centuries. A teen-age girl recently book "Roots" provided a further brought Audio-Visual experts a stimulus. Black ancestor hunting has crumbling photo of her great-grand- some obvious frustrations, one of father in what appeared a Civil War which is the tendency of the old slave uniform. "What can you tell me records to list people as "Susan and about him?" she asked. Comparing her daughter Sarah," which is less his uniform with others on file, the than helpful. Some blacks have good archivists learned exactly what unit luck, though. Recently, a lady tele- he served in. Other records indicated phoned the Archives to inquire about his length of service and what honors an ancestor named Nero Hawley. he had won. Fortunately, an Archives list had Often this "personal research" has just been compiled of the free black a very serious purpose. The Archives heads of families mentioned in the and Records Service is sometimes able 1790 census, the first in U.S. history. to assist Americans who for a va- Not only was Nero Hawley on the riety of reasons have no birth cer- list, but other Archives sources tificates. The 1890 census, for exam- showed he had fought in a Connecti- ple, may list a certain household as cut regiment in the Revolution. having a two-year-old child living in The National Archives and Rec- it—information that, when properly ords Service is part of the General certified, can guarantee an applicant Services Administration. It also ad- One of the Archives massive bronze doors.

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 25 — — .~~

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE NEWSLETTER OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU NOVEMBER 1974 LEGION SEEKS MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS IN To see how the theory would work out, VETERANS AND DEPENDENTS PENSIONS: let's take the case of a single veteran One of the Legion's major goals during on pension. . .Under the Legion proposal, 1974-75 will be to continue pressing he would be entitled to $3,300 in for legislative improvements in pension annual benefit payments. . .However, his programs for nonservice-connected other countable income (Social Security, veterans and dependents ... Though con- etc.,) totals $2, 100 per year stantly rising prices plague all ...Thus, the $2,100 must be subtracted economic groups, the situation is from $3,300, which leaves $1,200 per desperate for many pensioners on fixed year pension or $100 per month pay- subsistence-level incomes .. .And , when ments... The same formula would work for boosts in Social Security benefits, for all other classes of pensioners. instance, raise income of pensioners up The Legion also seeks that these new to or beyond VA income limits, then rates be increased by the same per- the give-it-take-it effect begins ; the centage as Social Security cost-of- veteran and/or his dependent suffers living increases when these are reduction or loss of pension. . .This is granted. .. This would have the effect what will happen to about 875,000 of insuring no loss to VA pensioners as a pension recipients next January unless result of Social Security raises. Congress enacts legislation to stop it. In addition, the Legion urges that At presstime, the lawmakers were aid and attendance and housebound pay- reported ready to agree on stop-gap ments continue if the veteran exceeds measures that would protect veterans, income limitations and that aid and dependents and DIC recipients with attendance payments increase from $110 a 12% increase in benefits and a to $130... Under the Legion proposal, $400 increase in income limits the present 10% exclusion factor for leaving broad pension reform for Social Security payments would be out next year and the 94th Congress. If you are a pensioner and upward At the 56th Annual National Convention floating Social Security rates threaten in Miami Beach in August, the Legion VA benefits, you can serve the cause adopted mandates calling for increases best by writing your Congressman to in both income limits and pension alert him to your problem. . .Ask him to benefits that would allow "veterans and vote for legislation that will provide their dependent survivors to have the the full measure of Social Security full measure of any Social Security or or other retirement increases without other retirement increase without causing loss or reduction in VA pension suffering reductions in their pension income maintenance payments. income maintenance payments..." LEGION REJECTS SUGGESTIONS THAT DRAFT Here are highlights of the Legion EVADERS AND DESERTERS GET VA JOBS: proposal that hopefully would simplify Reacting to suggestions made during the process of for determining need confirmation hearings for Richard L. pension and establish more equitable Roudebush as VA Administrator before the benefit rates... The Legion seeks cer- Senate Veterans Affairs Committee in tain levels of payment for all classes September that draft evaders and of pensioners with that amount to be military deserters be given opportunity reduced by the amount of total other to perform alternate service in VA income of the pensioner except for hospitals, Nat'l Cmdr James M. Wagon- certain payments. . .Exceptions : debts of seller said: "To allow draft evaders a deceased veteran, expenses of last and military deserters to work in VA illness, proceeds of fire insurance hospitals would be a direct insult to policies, burial expenses over and above the Vietnam veterans who accepted and federal reimbursement, unreimbursed fulfilled the obligation of service medical expenses over a certain level during the Vietnam War" . . . "There are and joint savings acquired by reason of plenty of honorably discharged veterans death of other joint owner. who want and need such jobs..." Here are the classes of pensioners and the overall annual benefit amounts VIET VET Gl BILL SEEN MOVING: sought all to be reduced by the total At presstime, Congressional con- of other income received: single vet- ferees had agreed to (1) a 23% in- erans, $3,300; veteran with dependent, crease in education subsistence for $5,400 plus $264 per year for each de- Viet vets and dependents (2) an 18% pendent over one; widow alone, $2,600; boost for vocational rehabilitateon widow with one child, $4,050 plus trainees (3) a $600 direct loan pro- $198 per year for each additional child; gram and (4) a nine month increase dependent child, $2,600. in entitlement for undergrads.

~~26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 OF THE AMERICAN LEGION NEWS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS~~

~~NOVEMBER, 1974~~

Legion Opposes President s Veterans Day— 1974 As Veterans Day 1974 approached, Legion posts around the nation were Vietnam Era Amnesty Program preparing to hold traditional ceremo- nies in observance of that solemn oc- President Ford's "reconciliation" plan for Vietnam Era casion. This is the day that honors the services and achievements of the draft evaders and military deserters draws fire; long- nation's veterans of all wars in this standing Legion policy on amnesty calls for justice via century. But, simultaneous national observance is still prevented by the case-by-case reviews in the civilian and military courts. curious federal designation of the fourth Monday of October as Veter- "The American Legion is unalter- reconciliation for Vietnam Era draft ans Day in eight states and the Dis- ably opposed to President Ford's evaders and military deserters. The trict of Columbia. The other 42 states proclamation announcing a program long-standing policy of opposition to have laws honoring the day on Nov. for the return of Vietnam Era draft general amnesty was reaffirmed as re- 11. The Legion has been and still evaders and military deserters. The cently as Aug. 22, 1974 by Resolution is pressing Congress to restore the proclamation violates the principles 175 adopted at the Legion's Miami holiday to its rightful and meaning- for which millions served their coun- Beach National Convention. ful date. Write your local Congress- try honorably, thousands died in The Legion's statement was issued by man and Senator to ask him to fall in combat, thousands more were wound- National Adjutant William F. Hauck in with the majority and vote for Veter- ed, many are hospitalized, while Washington after consultation by tele- ans Day on Nov. 1 1 . Perhaps by 1 976 others remain missing in action. phone with National Commander James we can all be moving in the same "The American Legion, based M. Wagonseller who was then on a Far direction at the same time. upon its national policy has proposed East fact-finding tour (see below). The to the President that the duly consti- Nat'l Cmdr called for "communications tuted courts, military and civilian, re- of protest to the President in regard to main the means for fostering justice his proposal in bringing these individuals In his proclamation the President was for draft evaders and deserters of the back to this country." careful not to mention the word "am- Vietnam Era.'' Similar negative response to the Presi- nesty." He used instead such words as The above statement was issued in dent's "reconciliation" proposal came "reconciliation" and "earn their return." immediate response to President Gerald from the Veterans of Foreign Wars and Most news sources termed it "limited" R. Ford's Sept. 16 proclamation of other veterans organizations. or "conditional" amnesty. Deadline on the program is January 31, 1975. WHITE HOUSE PHOTO The President's plan proposed to deal with virtually all classes of draft evaders and military deserters by allowing up to two years of alternative service in work that would "promote the national health, safety or interest." "My sincere hope," the President said, "is that this is a constructive step toward a calmer and cooler appreciation of our individual rights and responsibilities and our common purpose as a nation whose

future is always more important than its past." (See Veterans Newsletter) Basically, there are four categories of persons covered by the program: (]) Unconvicted draft evaders; (2) Uncon- victed military absentees; (3) Convicted draft evaders and (4) Convicted military absentees. The time period for the offenses is between Aug. 4, 1964 and Mar. 28. 1973. Briefly, unconvicted draft evaders must report to the U.S. Attorney in the area where the offense was committed, execute an agreement acknowledging allegiance to the U.S., agree to and perform up to 24 months of alternative Pres. Ford and Cmdr Wagonseller discuss Legion objectives in a White House meet- service, following which satisfactory ing held just prior to release of the President's reconciliation proclamation. performance will earn dismissal of

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 27 |~~

NEWS indictment or dropping of charges. Charles E. Goodell. Upon application Lewis W. Walt, retired Assistant Com- Unconvicted military absentees must by convicted draft evaders and con- mandant, U.S. Marine Corps; Vernon report to the appropriate military depart- victed military absentees the board has E. Jordan. Executive Director of the ment, acknowledge allegiance to the the power to recommend clemency, al- National Urban League; James Maye, U.S., agree to and perform up to 24 ternative service and clemency, and, Executive Director of the Paralyzed months of alternative service with an possibly, clemency discharges in place Veterans of America; Dr. Ralph Adams, undesirable discharge which will be sub- of punitive and undesirable discharges President of Troy State University; stituted by a clemency discharge when depending on mitigating factors. James P. Dougovita, a teaching aide at the process is complete. The clemency Other members on the Clemency Michigan Tech University and Aida discharge will not bestow VA benefits. Board, besides Chairman Goodell are: Casanas O'Connor, Assistant Counsel to For convicted draft evaders and con- Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, President the N.Y. State Division of Housing and victed military absentees, the President of the University of Notre Dame; Community Renewal. created a nine-position Clemency Board Robert H. Finch, former Secretary of Approximately 140 draft evaders headed up by former N.Y. Senator Health, Education & Welfare; Gen. were serving prison sentences when the President announced his reconciliation plan. Within a few days, federal govern- BY THE ment ordered the release from prison of nearly 100 of them on 30 day furloughs while their cases were being reviewed by FBI the new Clemency Board. Another 46 WANTED were already free under writs of habeus NATIONAL FIREARMS ACT; MATERIAL WITNESS corpus or appeal bonds. There are varying estimates of how William Taylor HorrU FBI No 308,068 L6 many evaders and deserters might be eligible under the new program. They range from 28,000 to 50,000 or more HttsW: S'7" H.. eV 1 pound* for all classes. Of these it is said about Buiia Median Rhi: Wmc 15,000 draft evaders would be eligible for clemency with about half already convicted and the other half under indictment or fugitives. Government officials also indicated about 660 deserters were serving prison sentences or await- Emily Montoavo HorrU ing trial and that about 12,500 were still Fll «» 323 ttM i J at large.

Heart of the Legion's policy is its opposition to blanket amnesty, or amnesty to perpetrators as a class. The Legion feels that the American system of justice can properly deal with each case on its merits, exercising leniency or sternness

Sicni Scum; Numb it t ut in military and civil courts whichever is warranted, by the facts that emerge. There would always remain the right to Patricio Campbell Hearst appeal and, naturally, pardon by the President. Height: Weight: As this was being written the recon- Build: ! ciliation program appeared to be developing loopholes and inequities. One apparent loophole concerned deserters CAUTION who might return to U.S. military con- THE fVBOVK IMHVHii Of.THE SVMKIDNKSK LIBERATION ARMY AND REPORTEDLY HAVE ETOVIATH WEAPONS. WILLIAM HARRIS AND PATRICIA HEARST AL- trol, accept undesirable discharges with LECKPLY ii \\¥ RE ALL THREE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ARMED AND VERY DANGEROUS the understanding that they agree to perform up to 24 months of alternative IF YOU HAVE ANY INFORMATION CONCERNING THESE PERSONS, PLEASE NOTIFY ME OR CONTACT YOUR LOCAL FBI OFFICE. TELEPH0N% NUMBERS AND A00RESSES OF ALL FBI OFFICES LISTE0 ON BACK. service, renege on that service, and then melt into the civilian world, foregoing clemency discharges. This process could

~~11! OF IN\ EjJTIOATION BS DEPARTMENT OF JlfSTICE take less than a week. The deserters > HCIC~~

«l Hvtr' I). C , 205.13 31. IW-1 NATIONAL 8-7117 would then be out of reach of military law and there is no present civilian law which could require them to perform alternative service. The above is a photographic reproduction of a poster sent to every post adjutant in The American Legion. At the request of FBI Di- Inequities have already surfaced, for

rector Clarence Kelley, the Legion is cooperating in a massive effort to example, in the cases of draft resisters help develop information on the whereabouts of Patricia Hearst and who in the past fought induction on mor- two other self-proclaimed members of the Symbionese Liberation al, religious and other grounds and who Army currently being sought under federal warrants. All post com- have since received felony convictions. manders and adjutants are urged to keep the "wanted" posters in Had they waited for the reconciliation prominent locations in post homes and to comply with the instructions. program they would only have to perform alternative service. Instead they

~~28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 .~~

~~American Legion Auxiliary National Officers For 1974-75~~

Here are the newly elected 1974-75 National Officers of the Legion's Auxiliary. From left, Mrs. Maurice Kubby, Tex., National President and Mrs. Alan Schanel, R. I., Nat'l Vice President. Bottom row (I. to r.) Mrs. Charles Jucius, Maine, Eastern Division VP; Mrs. Frank Martin, Alaska, Western Division VP; Mrs. Leon Reed, Ark., Southern Division VP; Mrs. Lyle Seymour, Kans., Central Division VP; Mrs. George Wamsley, Mont., Northwestern Division VP; Mrs. Charles Gill, III., National Historian and Mrs. C. Clark Bonner, Utah, National Chaplain.

~~now have criminal records and are in- justice under the law." with a four-day stopover in Alaska, eligible for many civil rights. Commenting on the case-by-case Cmdr Wagonseller made a traditional~~

This is one of the areas about which Legion position at a recent press confer- courtesy call on the White House. He Legion representatives argued long and ence, Nat'l Cmdr Wagonseller declared: presented President Ford with a bound hard. Testifying before a House Judi- "Anything less would be a gross insult volume of resolutions passed during the ciary Subcommittee on amnesty last to those who served." He went on: "The Legion's 56th Annual National Conven- March, Past Nat'l Cmdr James O'Neil first obligation of our government is to tion at Miami Beach. said: "It would offer penance to some take care of the Americans who served While at the White House, Cmdr for whom it is too heavy a penalty and our country honorably, when they were Wagonseller expressed the Legion's "ex- to others for whom it is too mild a told to—and where they were told treme disappointment" at the slow prog- ." punishment. The most flagrant offenders to . . ress of new GI Bill legislation aimed will get the best break and the least of- Before leaving on a three-week, fact- toward improving veterans educational fenders the worst. This is hardly equal finding tour of the Far East on Sept. 10 programs and the possibility that des-

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~~NEWS' American Legion Baseball National Champions For 1974~~

Shown above is The American Legion Baseball team represent- This is the second year in a row that Post 146 took the Na- ing Monte Carlo Post 146, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, which tional Championship. At right, Edwin Lopez, Post 146 out- won the Legion's World Series at Roseburg, Ore., in August. fielder, American Legion Baseball Player of the Year for 1974. perately needed features might be official visit to the Far East and would Unemployed Veterans severely cut back. supply him with any significant informa- Commander Wagonseller reiterated tion gathered during the trip. The unemployment situation for Viet- the Legion's strong support for efforts The Nat'l Cmdr's itinerary listed visits nam Era veterans was little changed in aimed at securing a proper accounting to Tokyo, Japan, Okinawa, Seoul, the first half of 1974. According to the from Hanoi, Laos and Cambodia of Korea, Taipei, Republic of China, Hong Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. U.S. prisoners of war and missing in ac- Kong and Manila, where he was to Dep't of Labor, on a seasonally adjusted tion. He promised the President he make a courtesy call on President Fer- basis, 5.5 million veterans were em- would explore means for securing a sat- dinand E. Marcos of the Republic of the ployed, 290,000 were unemployed and isfactory solution to the issue during his Philippines. the unemployment rate was 5%, essen-

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30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 tially the same as a year ago. if a veteran did buy any of these bonds dresses with its Central Office computer For veterans 20-24 years old, the sea- which were placed in safekeeping and and these are being processed. An ad- sonally adjusted unemployment rate was the receipts are not available, contact ditional 2,600 are still being processed 9.8% compared with 4.2% for vets 25- should be made with: Bureau of the through VA regional offices and other 29 years old and 2.6% for those 30-34. Public Dept, Safekeeping, 536 South record repositories. The balance had no The BLS says that the jobless rate for Clark St., Chicago, 111., 60605. matchup. older veterans is usually equal to or If the veteran or heirs has the safe- If a veteran (or heirs) sincerely be- lower than that for the older nonveter- keeping receipts, contact should be es- lieves he owns bonds which he does not ans but a substantial difference still re- tablished with the original office which physically possess, he should contact the mains between the higher rate of the issued the receipts. Treasury Department. Any other in- younger veterans compared with non- Locating and verifying bondholders is quiries, however, will clog communi- veterans 20-24 years old. Accounting for a laborious and time-consuming process. cations channels and delay eventual some of the difference is the fact that A current VA-Treasury Department delivery of bonds to actual awners. young nonveterans have been in the job search program containing 6,200 names Any bonds still being held by the market longer than recently returned is a case in point. The VA quickly government are collecting current (6%) veterans and are better established in matched up about 1,300 names and ad- interest. jobs. On the other hand, unemployment insurance payments are available to Vietnam Era vets regardless of prior civilian work experience and this en- Compare our prices on ables them to continue searching in the job market while young nonvets may stay anchored to jobs because they lack NATURAL-ORGANIC enough wage credits to qualify for unemployment benefits. Supplements Some signs of trouble off in the fu- VITAMINS All prices POSTPAID! Satisfaction guaranteed or money back. ture: the proportion of unemployed veterans looking for work for 15 weeks or 100 mg. Rose Hips 100% Natural VITAMIN C TABLETS longer rose to 30%. after having shown 100 for .59 500 for 2 .49 1.000 for 4.29 some improvement during the past year 250 mg Rose Hips 100% Natural VITAMIN C TABLETS 100 for .98 500 for 4.19 1,000 for 7.95 and the layoff rate for veterans report- 0 ing job loss also rose substantially. 500 mg. Rose Hips 100% Natural VITAMIN C TABLETS 100 for 1.49 500 for 6.79 1.000 for 12.98 Natural VITAMIN E-100 INT. UNIT CAPSULES Savings Bonds Update 100 for 1.10 500 for 5.35 1.000 for 9.95 Some 38,000 unclaimed U.S. Savings Natural VITAMIN E-200 INT. UNIT CAPSULES Bonds owned by ex-servicemen or their 100 for 1.95 500 for 9.75 1.000 for 18.50 heirs have been delivered as a result of Natural VITAMIN E-400 INT. UNIT CAPSULES 100 for 3.75 500 for 17.50 1.000 for 32.50 publicity in this and other publications and with the aid of computer search pro- Natural VITAMIN E-600 INT. UNIT CAPSULES 100 for 4.98 500 for 24.49 1,000 for 47.50 grams conducted by the Veterans Ad- ministration. Natural VITAMIN A TABLETS 10,000 USP Units each 100 for .69 500 for 2.95 1,000 for 5.49 A year ago News of the Legion re- IODINE RATION — Natural KELP TABLETS ported that there were some 280,000 un- 100 for .39 0 500 for 1.39 1,000 for 2.49 claimed U.S. Savings Bonds purchased Cold Pressed WHEAT GERM OIL CAPSULES 3 minim. by servicemen and women during the 100 for .65 500 for 3.20 1,000 for 5.95 last 30-odd years that were still reposing 71/2 grain Desiccated LIVER TABLETS low heat dried in the vaults of the U.S. Treasury De- 100 for .79 500 for 3.49 1,000 for 6.50 partment in Washington. D.C.. and in Red 'Wonder" VITAMIN B-12 25 MCG TABLETS the Federal Reserve Bank in Chicago. 100 for .65 500 for 2.50 0 1.000 for 4.35 The bonds had been purchased Natural VITAMIN A and D Tablets 5,000 units A; 400 D through payroll allotment procedures 100 for .49 500 for 1.95 1,000 for 3 .50 and because of various reasons placed in Natural BONE MEAL TABLETS- Regular 7V2 grain the Treasury Department's safe-keeping 100 for .49 500 for 2 .25 1,000 for 3.95 program until claimed. No procedures Natural Soy LECITHIN — Compare this low price 100 for .95 500 for 3.98 1,000 for 7.85 existed then or now for automatic de- 3 tablespoons (15 grams) supply 7.500 mg livery of the 'bonds upon maturity or for LECITHIN POWDER 8oz.for 1.25 LECITHIN in a base of whey. notifying any heirs of their existence. Highest Potency Food YEAST TABLETS. One tablet a day The bond purchaser was sent safekeep- 100 for .75 500 for 3.25 1,000 for 5 95 ing receipts which told him that the de- DOLOMITE Tablets — Rich in Calcium, Magnesium posit was recorded. 100 for .49 500 for 1.85 U 1,000 for 2.95 The recommendation to explore the GARLIC and Parsley TABLETS. Order now and SAVE possibilities of finding bond owners or 100 for ,75 500 for 3.25 U 1,000 for 6.25 heirs was developed in a General Ac- These sale prices good for limited time. Mail your order to: counting Office report to Congress back NUTRITION HEADQUARTERS in August 1973. Following that action 104 W.Jackson- Dept. N1026 Name the Legion National Convention in Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Honolulu, Hawaii adopted Resolution Address 437 which urged efforts to publicize the MAIL THIS AD City existence of the bonds and procedures Just check items desired and to effect delivery mail entire ad with remittance. to owners. State 1974, Nutrition Hdqrs Zip The Treasury Department notes that E)

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 31 )~~

NEWS Symbols of U.S. Conflicts organization resulted in 1916 when the "About four years ago, the South Mexican bandit Pancho Villa terrorized Shore City Council appointed me to the border communities. attempt to secure housing in our area. 9. World War 1: Insignia of the vet- They had tried twice in the past and erans who later organized The Ameri- failed. Upon checking, I found I would can Legion. 10. World War 2: The need two things: a solid organization affectionately nicknamed "Ruptured behind me and some financial support. Duck" insignia shows an eagle sur- I talked to churches in the area but rounded by laurel. 11. Korean War: In- they declined. I contacted the Legion signia of those who served in this con- and they agreed to back me. flict. 12. Vietnam: The final plaque on "When I reached the point where I the wall, Mr. Baker hopes. needed $3,500, I filed three applica- tions with FIVCO for so-called 'seed Tribute to a Legion Post money.' When I didn't get it, I again turned to the Legion and got the Clyde Callihan, an ordained minister $3,500. With its backing and its money, of South Shore, Ky., has some good we secured Holley Manor. We have words to say about Post 276 in South 48 apartments that make up the pret- Shore: "This post built lighted foot- tiest project in the U.S.A. and filled ball and baseball fields for use by with the happiest people in the world. schools and Little Leaguers, aided me, "This Legion post recently bought with money and post facilities, in form- 18 acres of land in South Shore and is ing a Boy Scout Troup and Cub Scout in the process of developing it into Pack; when we ran two Scout Car- Post 12, R.I.; Seals of U.S. conflicts. a City Park. nivals to earn money, the post not only "There is much, much more I could all Twelve seals commemorating of furnished us with its fields but hired displayed say about Legion Post 276 but time America's armed conflicts are men to install electrical connections, Kings- and space will not permit me to cover on the walls at Post 12, North etc., so we could operate our conces- all the worthwhile things this post has town, R. I. The collection is the brain- sions. done for its fellowmen and this com- child and product of William Baker "When I was called recently to a post munity." (at left in photo), who has been home in dire need, I found a family years. POSTS IN ACTION graves registration officer for 15 of four at the point of starvation, all Post With him is Richard Parsons, utilities disconnected, the man criti-

Cmdr. cally ill and two days remaining before With the aid of plaster of Paris his insurance lapsed. One visit to Post moulds of originals, which he made 276 secured $100 to pay the utilities and took to a foundry, Baker came up and insurance and buy food. This man with metal versions of the seals. At died five days later. home he fashioned wood backs for "On another occasion," writes Cal- mounting the seals. lihan, who also operates the Holley Baker describes the 12 seals as fol- Manor Housing Project, "the Dep't of lows: 1 Colonial Wars: Commemorat- Child Welfare called me. It had placed ing those conflicts from 1607 up to three children, wards of the State, in the Revolutionary War. This seal is a foster home. There was no food to Post 454, Ind., aids Cerebral Palsy. characterized by the Cross of St. feed these children and no State pro- fleur-de-lys, illustrating George and the gram to provide food. I called a gro- A two-story brick building and land French and English domination in the cery, had food sent to the home, and appraised together at $40,000 has been New World. Most of the conflicts were had the bill sent to the Legion post. turned over by Post 454, New Chicago, against Indians. "Five years ago, the Legion asked Hobart, Ind., to Cerebral Palsy of 2. American Revolution: Contains me to organize a Kids Day Program Northwest Indiana for $15,000. The the emblem of the minutemen of the for the 4th of July. Each year since remainder is a contribution from the Sons of the American Revolution. 3. then, we have a day of fun and games, post. The property was formerly used War of 1812: Conflicts at sea between wiener roast, etc., for the kids. About as the American Legion Youth Center. the U.S. and Britain are illustrated by 4.000 attend—kids and adults. The It will house all necessary facilities an anchor, eagles, stars, cannons and $500-$900 cost is paid by Post 276. (Continued on page 34 cutlasses. 4. Mexican War: Symbolizes the confrontation wrought by the an- nexation of Texas, the Lone Star State. 5. Civil War: Symbolizes postwar unity with a Confederate and Union handclasp and insignias of service. Rec- ognizes the Grand Army of the Re- public, the largest organization of Civil War veterans to result after the war. 6. United Indian War Veterans: Commemorating the battles with the Indians in the West. 7. Spanish- American War: The insignia of the United Spanish-American War Veter- An enthusiastic group representing Post 26, D.C., took a "Land of Lincoln" bus ans. 8. Mexican Border Service: The tour to raise funds for its programs and put The American Legion before the public.

~~32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 .~~

~~FREEDOM OF WORSHIP FREEDOM FROM FtAR FREEDOM FROM WANT FREEDOM OF SPEECH THE HAMILTON MINT PROUDLY PRESENTS Norman Rockwells~~

~~ual size of ingot Four Freedoms Vtfc* x 21/4"~~

A Memorable New Limited Edition of Pure 1000 Grain Silver Ingots The Largest and Heaviest Ever Struck by The Hamilton Mint A Strictly Limited First Edition Strictly Limited Edition. Deluxe Edition of 24 KT. Gold on .999 Fine A This First Edition will be of special interest to Silver. This is the ultimate in beauty and Orders must be postmarked knowledgeable collectors because they repre- combines the Pure Silver ingots with a layer by November 30, 1974. sent Rockwell's greatest work and traditionally, of 24 KT. Gold. Each ingot will also be indi- LIMIT: SET PER SUBSCRIBER first editions have always been the most valued. ONE vidually hallmarked and serially numbered. To insure the integrity of this edition, ingots will be struck to fill orders postmarked by No- NORMAN ROCKWELL, by far America's vember 30, 1974. Once those orders are filled, gold will continue to become more valuable in greatest and best loved artist, has for fifty no more first edition ingots will ever be minted. the years ahead. Collectors have already real- years brought joy to millions of Americans An Exclusive Treasury ized bonanzas. So please act promptly to share young and old. Each beautifully sculptured will Now, by exclusive permission of The Satur- ingot measure in the excitement of owning this magnificent 1%" x 2!4" and will contain 1000 grains of day Evening Post, The Hamilton Mint is ex- collection. .999 fine silver, the purest and finest silver avail- tremely proud to issue, and thus preserve, for- Guaranteed Price Protection able. ever, in stunningly beautiful silver ingots, the These will contain more than twice the Subscribers to The Four Freedoms are guaran- silver of our standard ingot. Each will be struck greatest of all his works. "The Four Freedoms." teed the original purchase price, no matter how Rockwell created the original masterpieces in high bas-relief with a satiny image and an- high the price of silver escalate. will tique finish to clearly every detail the may You during World War II in a burst of patriotic show of receive your first ingot soon after your applica- fervor. They depict those great values held very great art. tion is accepted and the three additional ingots dearly in the hearts of all Americans. And they Your Valuable Personal Serial Number at monthly intervals thereafter. The Hamilton are just as truly inspiring now as they were then. Your First Edition Collection will be minted Mint will not accept any orders postmarked The Hamilton Mint believes that in these expressly for you and each ingot will be in- after November 30, 1974, any orders received troubled times, our nation sorely needs to re- scribed with your personal matching serial after that will regretfully be returned. dedicate itself to these great beliefs: Freedom number along with The Hamilton Mint Hall- of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from mark. In addition, you will receive a certificate Fear and Freedom from Want. So with great Special Display Frame At No Additional Cost of authenticity to certify the limited edition pride, we present this magnificent collection. status and precious metal content of each ingot. As a subscriber, Rockwell Talks About "Four Freedoms" you will receive, Significant Investment Potential at no additional "When Roosevelt and Churchill issued their cost, an easel- We feel that many limited edition silver mint- famous Atlantic Charter, with its Four Free- baclced display ings feel are good investments but none do we case of finely doms proclamation, I tried to read it . . . but has the potential of this particular Rockwell stained wood I hadn't been able to get beyond the first para- collection. And this comes at a time when lead- with a fine graph. The language was so noble. Then one ing economists are predicting that silver and walnut finish. night ... I thought, that's it! I'll illustrate the Four Freedoms using my Vermont neighbors as models. I'll express the ideas in simple, everyday scenes ... in terms everybody can OFFICIAL APPLICATION FORM Valid only i) understand." NORMAN ROCKWELL'S FOUR FREEDOMS postmarked by 1974 Norman Rockwell depicted these great be- Mail to: The Hamilton Mint November 30. liefs with his own inimitable and unique brand 40 E. University Drive, Arlington Heights, III. 60004 Name. Please accept my application for a first edition proof of genius. Freedom of Speech is portrayed by set of Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms. I under- Address- a man unafraid of reprisal as he speaks his stand I will receive my first ingot soon after my application is accepted. Enclosed Is check or m o. for City mind at a town meeting . . . Freedom of Wor- $ ship shows all people free to worship according An Opportunity to Buy Silver Series & Save State _Zip_ me first ingot In .999 fine silver Hi $22.95 to their own dictates . . . Freedom from Want Send Signature plus 75C for post It insur. (Remaining 3 ingots to be is (must be signed depicted by a family sharing their Thanks- same price). to be valid) giving meal together and Freedom from Fear is Send me first ingot in 24 KT. gold on silver (

NEWS provide a full-time school for 48 Post 308, Reseda, Calif., joined with James Pagonis, Jr., received blast on head and from coastal art'y gun, was unconscious, CP children and adults. In the photo, Barracks 593, Veterans of WW1, in was returned to Portland Navy Base Hos- pital. Here he was hospitalized, but his PPCmdr Paul Wolek (right) gives the a program of observance for Armistice primary trouble was not recorded. Need witnesses that deed to the property to Mamon Powers Day, November 11. Principal speaker who knew Pagonis's legs were hurt in a typhoon in Dec. 1944 or (left) treasurer, and Joseph Festa, was Maj. Robert Kingsbury, former '45, when he was tossed 15-20 feet in the air and landed on his knees. Write "CD- president, of CPNI. aide-de-camp to Gen. Omar Bradley. 237. American Legion Magazine. 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" 561st Eng (Thailand, Korat June 1966)—Need COMRADES IN DISTRESS to hear from Fiter (Spokane. Wash.), Vas- quez (111.), and any other comrades who Readers who can help these veterans are knew that Jerry R. DeHerrera was ex- urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed tremely nervous and had trouble with his in support of a VA claim. feet. Write "CD238, American Legion Mag- azine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New Notices are run only at the request of York. N.Y. 10019" American Legion Serv ice Officers representing claimants, using Search For Witness Comm NAS Admiralty Islands (Jan. 1945) Forms available only from State Legion Need to hear from Danzi. Di Bello and Service Officers. any other comrades who recall that Emilio DeAngelo fell on his back, injur- Newport AAF Base, Ark., Ord Det 337, HQ ing it. during transfer of supplies from Sqdn (Summer 1944) —Need to hear from a cargo ship to the LCM. Write "CD239, Engleberger. Jenkins. Knight. Hall, Bag- American Legion Magazine. 1345 Ave. of ley. Bradford, Edenton. Fowler. Wyatt, the Americas. New York, N.Y. 10019" Nelson. Snarr, Mosko, Marks. Larmouth USS Manning (DE199 Oct. 1944)—Need in- and any other comrades who recall that formation from PhM 2/C McCory. Chief Roy C. Hager hurt his back in motor pool Hydonvich, Eng Officer Lovigg. MM 1/C after falling off a truck. Write •'CD235. Smith, MM 2/C Bauer. MM 1/C Grace, American Legion Magazine. 1345 Ave. of MM 2/C Sweeney, MM 3/C Salzar, EM the Americas. New York, N.Y. 10019" 3/C Temple and any other comrades who Newport News, Va. 9202 TSU TC Co, CMP recall that Glendon E. * Coffee suffered MP Comd, Hrpe (Oct. 29, 1945)—Need in- from nerves and stomach condition (could formation from Smith. Cpl Gurtowsky, not properly digest his food). Write "CD- Cpl Paris. Cpl Wood and any other com- 240. American Legion Magazine. 1345 Ave. rades who recall that Charles F. Pribble, of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" at 11:58 a.m. on Oct. 29. 1945, while riding a motorcycle, collided with a gas truck that ran a stop light. He suffered, he says, injury to knees, back and two cut legs NEW POSTS Charles Wideman, Post 443, San Antonio, and a paralyzed left shoulder. Write "CD- 236. American Legion Magazine. 1345 Ave. The American Legion has recently Texas, left, hands check to Robert E. of the Americas. New York. N.Y. 10019" Williams, chief of Voluntary Services at USS Mascoma (A083 Portland Navy Base chartered the following new posts: Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Dec. 24 or 25, 1943 and Typhoon Dec. 1944 Rainbow City Southside Post 121, Hospital, covering gift of TV set by or 1945) —Need to hear from B's Mate 1st Class Johns. B"s Mate 3rd Class McCoy or Rainbow City, Ala.; Atlantic Beach Post wife, Wideman and his Louise (Unit 568), any member of ship at Gunnery (Coastal) in the name of the Legion and Auxiliary. Art'y Base, in 1st Div., who recalls that 316, Atlantic Beach. Fla.; Florida At-

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34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 HOW MUCH DOES AN E-5 WITH THREE YEARS EARN IF HE JOINS THE ARMY RESERVE? You've been out of the service for a while. And even though the new job's going fine, you could still use a little extra money each month. Like all of us. We may have the perfect answer for you. Join us for one weekend a month and two weeks during the summer. The money's good. $62.12 (less tax) per weekend for an E-5 with three years experience. Counting summer camp that

adds up to over $978.39 ( less tax) extra income a year. Enough to cover the payments on that new car you've thought about. There are brand new PX privileges for Reservists. Now you can use the PX every day you attend a meeting. Besides the financial benefits, most guys find a weekend with us a nice change of lifestyle. A chance, too, to talk over old times with some- body who was there and understands. There are many good reasons P&v to join us. W And now's a good time. THE ARMY RESERVE. IT PAYS TO GO TO MEETINGS.

~~i 1 Interested in more information? Write:~~

~~Army Reserve Opportunities P.O. Box 6834 Philadelphia, Pa. 19132 a~~

~~Name -Age wr. Address,~~

~~City .State~~

~~Zip -Phone. . —~~

NEWS lantic University Post 325, Boca Raton, succeeding Dr. Robert A. Good, presi- sachusetts; a member of the Dep't of Fla.; Hubert DeSpain Post 157, Argenta, dent of Sloan Kettering Memorial New York, he was a member of the HI.; Daryl E. Sedam Post 2000, Anda- Cancer Institute in New York, who Committee on Convention, Paris Cau- lusia, HI.; Green-Wright Post 563, Jones- held the title for 20 years. The Min- cus, and a member of the Paris Con- ville, La.; Johnsville Post 300, Johns- nesota Legion and its Auxiliary es- ference, Feb. 1919. ville, N.C.; Raymond J. Walsh tablished the $500,000 endowment in Memorial Post 563, Philadelphia, Pa.; 1952 to finance a professorship to Myrtle Deutschle, wife of Joseph S. Spirit of 76 Post 676, Philadelphia, Pa.; study the causes, prevention and treat- Deutschle, Sr., Past Dep't Adjutant of Johhny W. Popps Post 258, Fort Mill, ment of rheumatic fever and heart dis- Ohio Legion (1946-66). S.C.; Robert Donald Muller Post 259, eases, especially as they affect children. West Columbia, S.C.; Billy Wayne Wil- son Post 639, Trenton, Tex.; Canyon DEATHS Charles H. Huggins, 74, Salem, Oreg., Lake Post 643, Startzville, Tex., and Past Dep't Cmdr (1957-58). At the time of his death, he was a member Institute Post 1 1, Institute, W. Va. Major Maurice Kirby Gordon, 95, of the executive section of the Vet- Madisonville, Ky., a founder of The PEOPLE IN THE erans Affairs and Rehabilitation Com- NEWS American Legion. At the Legion's mission. Paris Caucus on March 16, 1919, he moved the adoption of the name, "The

American Legion," after it had trailed Lee R. Pennington, 79, Chevy Chase, several other suggested names in the Md., a Legionnaire with membership in report of the Committee on Name. Af- the District of Columbia, Past Dep't

ter extensive discussion, it was adopted. Cmdr D.C. (1944-45), Past Nat'l Exec- A self-educated attorney. Gordon utive Committeeman (1952-53); after served as Kentucky Legion Dep't Cmdr about 25 y«ars service with the FBI, he in 1920-21 and was Nat'l Executive retired as Inspector and on Nov. 23, Committeeman the following year. 1953 assumed the Directorship of the Earlier this year, he was presented the Nat'l Americanism Commission of the Distinguished Service Award by the Legion. After serving as Director for Kentucky American Legion. He is sur- nearly two years, he resigned as Direc- vived by a nephew, James F. Gordon, tor and assumed the duties of Ass't. Di- who is a U.S. District Court Judge in rector in charge of counter-subversive Louisville. Representing the Nat'l Le- activities, following his basic interest, General Meyer gion at the funeral was Harold W. until retiring in 1959. He was Nat'l Fann, Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr. Americanism Council vice chairman, Gen. John C. Meyer, Cmdr-in-Chief, 1968-70. Strategic Air Command and the lead- Audley H. Ward, 83, Aiken, S.C., Past ing American ace on active duty, re- OUTFIT REUNIONS Nat'l Vice Cmdr (1951-52) and Past tired Aug. 1. He is a Past Cmdr of Reunion will be held in month indicated. Dep't Cmdr (1946-47). For particulars write person whose address Air Service Post 501, New York. His is given. tour as SAC*s commander was high- Notices accepted on official forms only. For Anthony Matthews, 54, Hamilton, On- form send stamped, addressed return envel- lighted by the success of B-52 bombing ope to O. R. Form, American Legion Maga- tario, Canada, Past Dep't Cmdr (1970- zine, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New in December 1972 against Hanoi, the York, N.Y. 10019. Notices should be received 71). subsequent ceasefire and return of at least five months before scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary to get American POWs, the Mid East crisis, form Earliest submission favored when volume the Israel Glen H. Dornfeld, 45, Minneapolis, resupply of and the draw- of requests is too great to print all. down of our forces in Southeast Asia. Minn., Nat'l Executive Committeeman. He was stricken with a heart attack ARMY 3rd & 6th Army Hq & Hq Co. (WW2) on the way to the funeral of a relative. (June) Moon Mullens, 518 Park St., Bay- Maj. Gen. Milton A. Pilcher, Cmdr, A Korean war veteran, he served as town, Tex. 77520 310th Field Army Support Cmd, given 21st Gen Hosp— (May) Kenneth Miles, 1051 Dep't Cmdr in 1971-72. Langley Way. Monterey Pk. Calif. 91754 a Retirement Review, in honor of his 63rd Medical Bn, Co A- -(June) John Kopcha, 1115 W. 173rd St., Hazelcrest, 111. 60429 retirement after 32 years of service, on 76th Div.— (June) E. C. Cutler, Jr.. Dept. of William O. Hall, 78, Boise, Idaho, July 27, 1974, at Fort McNair, Wash- EE. USMA. West Point, N.Y. 10996 Past Dep't Adjutant (1943-44). 97th Recon Tp (WW2)— (June) Frank Ayers, ington, D.C. He is commander of De- 120 Bennett Ave., P.O. Box 552, Macon, Mo. 63552 fense Post 46, D.C, and is a vice 121st Inf Reg't— (June) James Brake, 1069 chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Security John R. Silvay, West Hartford, Conn., Mimosa Dr.. Macon. Ga., 31204 157th Inf— (Nov) Melvin Almire. 409 Flor- Council. Past Dep't Cmdr (1970-71). ence. Aurora, Colo. 80010 187th Para Gli Inf, Co E ( WW2)— (Feb) Pat Kennv, 213 Myrtle St., Myrtle Beach, S.C. Edward H. Zicgler, 92, Providence, 29577 S.J. "Chic" Madia, long time adjutant 222nd AAA SI Bn— (June) Chalmer Hinton, of the Wyoming American Legion, in- R.I., Past Dep't Cmdr (1940-41). 4308 Burdine St.. Bossier City, La. 71010 338th Inf ( WW2)— (May) Bob McGraw. 2315 jured in a two-car wreck on August Brooks Dr. Apt. 303. Suitland, Md. 20023 733rd Rwy Oper Bn— (May) William Weil. 5 in Jackson, Wyo. Frank Madia, Clarence M. Quinlan, Past Dep't Cmdr 2032 Riviera Dr.. Sarasota. Fla. 33580 Sheridan, Wyo., Chic's father, was of Rhode Island (1934-35). 860th Av Eng Bn, H&S Co. Cos A,B,C (WW2) — (June) Tom Lupo, Rte 4, Nichols, S.C. killed in the accident. 29581 3432nd Ord (MAM) Co (WW2)—( April) Le- Dan J. O'Brien, Des Moines, Iowa, land Stejskal, Rte 2, Albion. Neb. 68620 Fort Huachuca, Ariz. (All Troops Formerly Dr. Paul Quie, professor of pediatrics, vice chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Stationed Here, Especially 92nd & 93rd Divs.) Dr. Cornelius Smith, ACCH- Foreign Relations Council in 1966-74 — (June) laboratory medicine, and pathology at SAC, Hq, Fort Huachuca, Ariz. 85613 the Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and Past Dep't Cmdr (1942-43). Fort Screven— (Mar.) Larry Knecht, 171 N. Shore Terr.. Punta Gorda, Fla. 33950 has been named American Legion Sons of Sherman's March to the Sea— (Feb) Stan Schirmacher, 1725 Farmer Ave., Memorial Heart Research Professor, Francis R. Appleton, Jr., 89, in Mas- Tempe, Ariz. 85281

~~36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 — .~~

NAVY Ralph M. Cheever (1974) Post 250, Boston, John F. Plocinik, Jr. (1974) Post 498, Roch- Mass. Gstt^r Pel February 19th (Marine) Brigade— (Feb) Billy Dolin (1974) Post 303, Swansea, Mass. Lemuel A. Kephart, Russell E. McClain, Reginald Ballard, 22 Roosevelt St., Glen George W. Stocking, Emery Tracy, Carl Charles A. Noble, Glenn E. Ott and B. D. Head, N.Y. 11545 Wall, William D. Wixcey, and Dr. B. P. Potts (all 1973) Post 518, Orbisonia, Pa. LCI(R) 338 (1944-45)— (June) Harvey Sever- Wrbitzky (all 1974) Post 96, Hutchinson, Pompeo Donattelli (1974) Post 611, Easton, son, 3622 W. Denton Lane. Phoenix, Ariz. Minn. Pa. LCSL 8— (May) W. E. Reid, 808 Marion Ave., Ame Carlson and Albert Thomas (botli J. Preston Mauk (1967) and Louis W. F. Mattoon, 111. 61938 1974) Post 202, Halkensack. Minn. Haberstroh (1974) Post 745, Altoona, Pa. Subpac Baseball Team— (Nov) John Little, Charles H. Jones, Joseph E. Krawiec, Daniel Pozzuto, Albert Ronca, Domenick 1404 Olino St., Honolulu, Hi 96818 George McCabe and Harold Vasios (all 1974) F. Sabatino, John L. Martocci and Frank De- USN Armed Guard (WVV2) — (Feb) Master Post 55, Hackensack, N.J. franco (all 1974) Post 750, Roseto, Pa. Chief Dante Mecca, USN, USNR Center, Herbert Gardner (1974) Post 159. Fleming- George L. Fritzius (1974) Post 819, Brad- Trenton & Merselis Aves., Clifton, N.J. ton, N.J. dock, Pa. USS Harris (APA 2, VVVV2) — (June) Fred Edward Horter (1974) Post 253. Spotswood, Sherman E. Sickler (1974) Post 834, Fall- Meier, 1820 Bea Way, Lahabra, Calif. 90631 N.J. sington, Pa. USS LST— (June) Gordon Wahlberg, P.O. Edward Spellman and Kenneth Wardman George A. Jones (1974) Post 10, Clark Air Box 183, Kerhonkson, N.Y. 12446 (both 1975) Post 2(5. Clark Mills, N.Y. Base, P.I. USS OBannon (DD450 1942-45)— (June) R. Frederick W. Kevsaw (1973) Post 87, Dans- O. B. Barber, William D. Barker, Robert S. Brennon, 875 Watson Rd., Ukiah, Calif. ville, N.Y. Black, Solomon Blatt, Sr. and Samuel H. USS Zaanland Savannah Hawaiian (WW1) Guy E. Mendell (1970). Frank Nemith, Sr. Gantt (all 1975) Post 46, Barnwell, So. Car. (Nov) Revel Summers, 3412 N. St., Lincoln, and John Mateer (both 1975) Post 187, James T. Waters (1974) Post 17, Gallatin, Neb. 68510 Athens, N.Y. Tenn. AIR Alexander G. Martin, Edwin Olgiati, Palma L. Robinson, James R. Simmonds, Thomas Rankin, Matthew X. Wagner, Miner Harrv A. Smith (all 1974) and James C. 4th Ftr Wng (333, 334, 335, 336 Sqdns 1946-74) (all 1974) Post Kenmore, N.Y. Smith (1973) Post 24, Johnson City, Tenn. (June) Garry Fry, 174 Pauline Dr., Elgin, F. Wildey 205. — Earl D. Davis, Graham A. Cairns (both James L. Melton (1966). Sam T. Noel, 111. 60120 Canajoharie, N.Y. Charles H. Oliver, Sr., Clarence W. Phifer, 30th Depot Repair Sqdn (ETO, WW2)— (May) 1973) Post 222, Becker, Alvin J. Brown, Charles A. Sr., and Samuel B. Rosenthal (all 1974) Post Joseph McLaughlin, Box 120, 491 School Frank F. Dougher and Hadwin C. Fuller 244. Glen Allen, Va. Blue Bell. Pa. 19422 Crim, John Rd., N.Y. Stanley Krause (1965), Frank Larner (1958), 36th Tp Carrier Sqdn (June) Fred Street, (all 1974) Post 601, Parish, — (1974) Post 659, Ellicott- Frank La Rosa (1955), Alice Malinowski 40 E. Wren Circle. Dayton, O. 45420 Frank W. Woodin (1958) and Lester Parker (1945) Post 5, Aber- 75th Tp Carrier Sqdn (June) Charles Baird, ville. N.Y. — Joseph H. Bent (1973) Post 789. Carthage, deen, Wash. RFD it3, Maryville, Mo. 64468 N.Y. A. C. Roberson (1974) Post 47, Colville, 115th Flight, 3773 Sqdn (Sheppard AFB Wash. 1948-52) (Jan) Lawrence DeGlopper, 326 Harry P. Seeman (1974) Post 1273. Wantagh, — Okcy L. Hawkins, Charles S. Robinson, Page N.E., Grand Rapids, Mich. 49505 N.Y. Post 1302, Poughkeep- Ted M. Tuerffs, A. M. Darquenne and Paul 385th Bomb (H) Gp (Great Ashfield, England Walter Cronk (1975) V. Fleming (all 1950) Post 17, Fairmont, W. 1943-45)— (Apr) Frank Walls, RD #1. sie, N.Y. Francis O. Karl S. Kellogg Va. Reynoldsville, Pa. 15851 Garrison and Allen Perkins and Harry H. George Hirschmiller (1974) Post 361, Wil- 1891st Eng Bn (CBI)— (June) Henry (both 1973), Av N.Y. mot, Wis. Belden, 5742 Calvin Ave., Tarzana, Calif. Snider (both 1974) Post 1552, Hannibal, Henri E. Gervais (1974) Post 1848, Medford, Life are accepted for pub- N.Y. Memberships MISCELLANEOUS John Incontrera, Joseph Mondello, lication only on an official form, which we W. provide. Reports received only from Com- 1287th (Nov) Ellis Hobbs, Harry D. Denehy, Michael J. Pasciuto and MP, Co A (WW2)— mander, Adjutant or Finance Officer of Post Box 377, Lexington, N.C. 27292 Jerry A. Minieri (all 1974) Post 1873, Brook- which awarded the life membership. Yangtze River Patrol Assoc (Mar) Cecil lyn. N.Y. — by sending stamped, McKinstry, 1232 Park Ave., Alameda, Calif. Ivan C. Sweatt (1974) Post 9, Charlotte, They may get form 94501 N.C. self-addressed return envelope to: Wendell W. Hill, Richard Gromen, Louis J. "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Fundak and Al J. Riznikove (all 1974) Post 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, 473, Copley, O. N.Y. 10019." The award of a life membership to a Le- Cosmo Seilla, E. J. Thompson, Karl H. On a corner of the return envelope write gionnaire by his Post is a testimonial by Chandler, Elmer S. Jacobson and Andy the number of names you wish to report. No those who know him best that he has served Kitzko (all 1974) Post 343, New Castle, Pa. written letter necessary to get forms. The American Legion well. Below are listed some of the previously unpublished life membership Post awards that have been reported to the editors. They are arranged by States or Departments. Arnold Steenson (1973) and LaVerne Krauel (1974) Post 26. Mesa, Ariz. ARMCHAIR RACES - the Etola L. Day (1975) Post 63, Mesa, Ariz. Hannabal Rough, Gilbert T. Tennis, Harold proven fund-raising package- W. Westbrook, Walter J. Wieger and Joseph brings your thrill- E. Gardella (all 1974-75) Post 130, Grass Val- organization ley, Calif. ing races in vivid color Clarence R. Anderson, Harry W. Smith, and Roy Stout, James F. Stewart and Robert E. authentic track sounds and Ziemer (all 1974) Post 132. Orange, Calif. A. C. Barton (1971) Post 261, El Monte, commentary. Calif. Joseph G. Morey (1975) Post 262, Fontana, It's a complete, across-the- Calif. William E. Wagner (1957) and Charles R. board package: official pro-

Ycung ( 1974) Post 313, Larkspur, Calif. Henry M. Dandini (1965) Post 561, Los grams, mutuel tickets, com- Angeles, Calif. puter forms, daily George F. Askey and John L. Sullivan doubles (both 1973) Post 584, Big Bear Lake, Calif. (exactas and quinellas avail- John W. Harden (1967) and Elton T. Mar- tin (1974) Post 639, Los Angeles, Calif. able) plus simple instructions Henry R. Wierzbicki (1974) Post 102, Man- chester, Conn. to insure a great night at the James W. Harper and Isham L. Parker (both 1973) Post 26, Washington, D.C. races in your clubhouse. Stewart W. Parker (1974) Post 27, Wash- ington, D.C. ARMCHAIR RACES is way Helmut Spangenthal (1974) Post 3, Heidel- berg, Germany. ahead of the pack—a winner Robert Mullin (1975) Post 13, Lewiston, Idaho. every time out! Bill Creel, Harvey Kenitz and Earl Will (all 1974) Post 80. Downers Grove, 111. FILL IN COUPON FOR FREE BROCHURE Raymond A. Gerstenberg ( 1974) Post 304, Chicago, 111. Howard R. Heneisen and Jack E. Colvin (both 1974) Post 8. Evansville. Ind. AL-11 Albert F. Knadle, Ranson S. McKean, George A. Shannon (all 1973), Dwight A. Spooner (1974) and Marion L. Lewis (De- 31 Mott Avenue ceased) (1973) Post 378. Mondamin, Iowa. Far Rockaway, N.Y. 11691 Axel R. Embert, W. F. Adams, B. H. Ter- rill and Charles Pennington (all 1974) Post (212) 327-2248 50, Berea. Ky. Sidney M. Bright, Whitney Coulon, Sr. and Robert W. Wilson (all 1974) Post 218, Name. Algiers (New Orleans), La. John Upton, Ralph J. Webber, Waite W. Weeks, Harold B. Woodward and Paul F. Address Smithwick (all 1973) Post 42, Damariscotta, Me. Arthur Feickert (1973), Clarence W. Hoyt, City Edward E. Merkel and Melvin R. Buck (all 1974) Post 66, Bowie, Maryland. Eli Kotelly, Albert J. Kvicala, Eugene F. State. -Zip- Lally, Joseph Levine and John J. Maloney*~ (all 1973) Post 67, So. Boston, Mass. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 37 THE BEST TOUR VALUE

~~H days and 9 nights in For Members an~~

~~Trip includes:~~

Roundtrip DC-10 jet via Trans International Airlines. Accommodations for 9 nights at the Hyatt Regency or the Furama. Full American breakfast daily. Welcome rum punch party. Welcome dinner. Farewell cocktail party (with hot & cold hors d'oeuvres). Special farewell Chinese banquet. Transfers, baggage handling. Gratuities. SPECIAL OPTION-Gourmet dining for 7 nights on the spectacular Dine Around Plan. $59.00

Depart Return Departure City Price Depart Return Departure City Price Depart Return Departure City Price Jan 1 Jan 12 Los Angeles $599 Mar 23 Apr 3 Oakland $599 Jun 14 Jun 25 Chicago—Cincinnati $699 Jan 3 Jan 14 New York—Hartford $669 Mar 25 Apr 5 New York—Syracuse $699 Jun 21 Jul 2 Los Angeles $599 Jan 10 Jan 21 Oakland—Portland $599 Apr 1 Apr 12 Salt Lake City—Boise $699 Jun 30 Jul 11 Oakland—Seattle $599 Jan 12 Jan 23 Indianapolis—Chicago $669 Apr 3 Apr 14 Pittsburgh—Cleveland $699 Jul 2 Jul 13 Pittsburgh—Cleveland $699 Jan 19 Jan 30 Los Angeles $599 Apr 12 Apr 23 Wash/Bait—Philly $699 Jul 9 Jul 20 Oakland—Portland $599 Jan 28 Feb 8 Oakland—Seattle $599 Apr 19 Apr 30 Los Angeles $599 Jul 11 Jul 22 Dallas—Oklahoma City $729 Feb 8 Feb 19 Houston—Dallas $699 Apr 21 May 2 Atlanta—Nashville $789 Jul 20 Jul 31 New York—Boston $699 Feb 15 Feb 26 Oakland $599 Apr 28 May 9 Oakland $599 Jul 29 Aug 9 Atlanta—Memphis $789 Feb 17 Feb 28 New York—Boston $669 Apr 30 May 11 Tampa—New Orleans $789 Aug 7 Aug 18 Wash/Bait—New York $699 Feb 24 Mar 7 Los Angeles $599 May 9 May 20 Detroit—Columbus $699 Aug 16 Aug 27 Miami—New Orleans $789 Feb 26 Mar 9 Fargo—Minneapolis $699 May 16 May 27 Oakland $599 Aug 25 Sep 5 New York—Niagara $699 Mar 5 Mar 16 Billings $699 May 18 May 29 New York—Rochester $699 Sep 3 Sep 14 Houston—San Antonio $729 Mar 7 Mar 18 Chicago—Milwaukee $699 May 25 Jun 5 Los Angeles $599 Sep 19 Sep 30 Wash/Bait—Pittsburgh $699 Mar 14 Mar 25 Los Angeles $599 May 27 Jun 7 St. Louis—Kansas City $699 Sep 21 Oct 2 Oakland—Portland $599 Mar 16 Mar 27 Detroit $699 Jun 5 Jun 16 Boston $699 Oct 7 Oct 18 Salt Lake City—Denver $699 Oct 16 Oct 27 Oakland—Seattle $599

*A1I Fares Plus 15% Tax and Service

held responsible for any act. omission or event during the time that passengers are not on board their planes Responsibility Creative World Travel Inc . operator of the tours described herein and/or Us associated agents, acts as agent only for concerned are not to be all services furnished and expressly discerns all responsibility or liability of any nat'jre whatsoever tor loss, damage or Injury to or conveyances The passage contract in use by the airlines concerned, when issued, shall constiiute Ihe sote contract between tht responsibility for but it will property or to person, caused by a failure ol facilities, delay or by a transportation company, or due to any cause whalsoever occurmg At/lines and the purchasers of these tours and/or passengers Ctealive World Travel assumes no baggage during a tour under Ms management, sponsorship, procurement or otherwise All tickets, coupons and orders are furnished and issued direct Ihe shipment of baggage Irom place to place a! owner's risk, and in the unlikely event ol damage, delay, or loss, it will do thai insure trior subject m all respecis to (he foregoing jnrj lo any and all terms and condilions under which Ihe means of transponalton and/or other everything it reasonably can lo lessen the hardship incurred It is strongly recommended, ho*tvcr, passengers baggage. of effec- services provided thereby are offered anrj.'or supplied by the owners, contractors or public carriers for whom CWT. Inc acls solely as Due to the passage of Ihe Airport and Airway Revenue Act ot 1970. each passenger is required lo pay an additional tai S3 00 group agent We reserve the right m out discretion to change or alter any pari of Ihe itinerary without notice for any reason. The airlines tive wilt) respect lo air Uanspoilaiion performed atler June 30, 1970. This offer is available only to qualified members ol the as

~~38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 GOING ANYWHERE! Hong Kong ""$599 Immediate Families~~

~~Two Exciting Options~~

~~Bangkok~~

Capital city of Thailand, the "Land of Smiles," Bangkok is a fairyland rich with history. Your trip to Bangkok takes you to the Grand Palace, the temples of the Reclining and the Golden Buddha, to the Floating Market and many, many other exotic sights. 3 days & 2 nights $199'

~~Taipei~~

Only an hour's flight from Hong Kong, Taipei is the capital of Nationalist China on the island of Taiwan. The Palace Museum houses the most priceless collection of Chinese art in the world and the lush countryside surrounding the city is incomparable. 2 days &1 night $159*

~~for more information rnia call our toll free number 800-227-0834 (?."».) 800-772-2450 (SSgT )~~

I Make check payable and return to: CREATIVE WORLD TRAVEL g 254 Sutter St., San Francisco, Calif. 94108 Telephone: (415) 398-2909 mm Enclosed please find $ deposit ($100.00 per person minimum) for persons. FOR MEMBER & SPOUSE OTHER

Mr. Name Mrs. Miss_ Add ress Organization American Legion Street Hong Kong Tour Dine Around Smoking section on plane Yes No City State- Zip Single occupancy $100.00 Extra (if individual, and not a single, name of sharing partner)

~~Home Phone Business Phone Name .~~

~~nes IDC 10 a with 345 passengers) from~~

I 345 pro rata passengers a East coast and S61D 00 'rem Ra and s Beard The ;lralron ccsl per passenger pari lino The cost 01 the land 'ler Ihe 45 days and up 10 uie a charge c lor ihe pro rata air lara

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 39 —~~

THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF OUR NEW RELATIONS WITH RED CHINA governmental power. Odds are that if CONTINUED FROM PAGE 12 the battle for succession should be close and savage, and it is likely to enough, has not worried China much. the Cultural Revolution. be, the Chinese army, looking over Peking has had nothing but contempt The army remains the key to its shoulder at the Russian bear, will for India's military ability ever since power in China. During the Cultural throw its weight to the group that the 1962 Himalayan war in which the Revolution, the generals moved into favors a less radical, less rigid and Chinese all but annihilated Indian the power vacuum and held the shat- less doctrinaire position—and that forces. tered nation together until the party would include continued relations There are limits, of course, to organization and government struc- with the United States, at least at common interest. As long as the ture were put back together again. present levels. United States remains so firmly allied After that, the army did not play Certainly that is the conviction of to South Vietnam and Cambodia, as direct a role in the nation's politi- the men who make our policy now there will be friction in Southeast cal life, but it remains the ultimate and of those likely to make it in the Asia, but it is not likely to take on arbiter in any future struggle for future. end. major proportions unless we go back in with a new army. Our presence in Thailand does not seem to bother the Chinese much. They are obviously REVOLUTION AT THE CHECKOUT COUNTER banking on internal developments in CONTINUED FROM PAGE 21 that country to force us out eventually. For the moment, Peking is to supply it and have room to come firms. Jewel's produced the equip- just as happy to have the B-52's up with rival models and improvement now sold by Bunker Ramo nearby just in case something — ments of their own? Corp., of electronic equipment should happen with the Russians. maker Should the code be copyrighted as for stockbrokers. The real obstacle to closer rela- the private property of the grocery The Ad Hoc Committee went speed- tions remains Taiwan. We have gone trade, or be made freely available to ily to work and soon chose the code about as far as we can in granting anyone who might want to use or it wanted. This wasn't too easy, as Peking's contention that the island is print it? And finally, once a code manufacturers wanted a large code part of China. But we have made it were adopted, how would its billions while retailers wanted a small one. abundantly clear that we won't stand of different forms be assigned to The result was a compromise, and still for any armed invasion. It is a packagers and their various products the exact symbol to carry the code point of view Peking does not have and package sizes in an orderly sys- was chosen later. much choice but to accept. Again, tem? The code provided two sets of five- China is banking on time to win its The industry leaders hired one of digit numbers. The set on the left in point, even though its leadership no the oldest management consulting the final symbol identifies the maker longer expects Taiwan to fall into its firms, McKinsey & Co., to study the or packager. The set on the right lap like an overripe apple once the economics of the proposal. McKinsey identifies the particular product and aged Chiang Kai-shek dies. The bulk calculated that scanning 75% of the package. This allows identification of of the native Taiwanese like the pres- items in a store could save it 1% of 100,000 manufacturers, and 100,000 ent situation just fine. They've en- its gross sales value if it were doing packages for each manufacturer, joyed their independence and pros- $60,000 business a week. from 00,000 to 99,999 on each side- pered economically under the Meanwhile, Kroger, Safeway and ten billion possible combinations. benevolent economic umbrella of both the Jewel Companies had begun ex- The human eye can read the writ- the United States and Japan. And periments jointly with electronics ten numbers, the scanner reads the that fact, too, is a barrier to closer American-Chinese ties. Finally, a period of perhaps prolonged uncertainty lies ahead. Chou En-lai and Mao Tse-tung are both old men. Chou is in frail health and there is growing evidence that he is making preparations for a transfer of his own power. The heir-designate appears to be Teng-Hsiao-ping, the 70- year-old Deputy Premier who was elevated to the ruling politburo only last January after a prolonged period of political eclipse. In fact, Teng's rise from the ashes is one of the great comeback stories in international politics. He was disgraced during the Cultural Revolution as a secret capitalist, second in "infamy" only to the deposed head of state, Liu Shao-chi. A veteran party bureaucrat, Teng is believed to have close ties to the Chinese army. And it was the army that held the real power when the country underwent the violence of

~~40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 <^~When prayer was legal.~~

* \

~~1:1~~

~~THE PRAYER. AT VALLEY FOFLGE~~

~~This magnificent new historical painting'THE Prayer, at Valley Forge" by/^RNOLD J*RjBERQ...now yours in a~~

~~superb full-color reproduction !~~

alley Forge itself inspired this splendid new Strengthen faith in America by having in vmasterpiece of patriotic art. Now; in rich oil ' 3'our home this inspiring masterpiece colors, the famed historical and Biblical painter foryears to come. By placing it in schools, churches Arnold Friberg has created a monumental and and public places, you will provide a lasting sacred scene, capturing what Americans feel influence upon young minds, and so keep the to be the deep spiritual roots of our country spirit ofValley Forge strong in our loved land.

~~To insure historical accuracy the artist sketched 'nil This Coup onToday ! in museums directly from the uniform and horse gear actually used by General Washington. The VJJLLE Y FORGE PR/NTS~~

~~trees were sketched on the spot, in February. Let RO Box 17442,.Salt Lake City, Utah 84117 A - 1 -~~

this picture remind us of a time of cold and of Please send full -color art prints ofThe Prayer at Valley Force" prints 25'x4C @ )12 50 each t 50< postage and handling pain, and of a tall and lonely man driven to his prints lO'x 16" @i 5 00 each + 25< postage and handling Money-back guarantee Utah res sales tax 44% Enclosed f knees there in the bitter snows of Valley Forge. The superb full-color reproductions are of fine art museum quality, ready for framing. They are now available in 2 actual -picture sizes Giant Mural size 25x40" or Regular size 10 x16"

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 41 —~~

REVOLUTION AT THE CHECKOUT COUNTER Brother Legioneers CONTINUED vertical lines that appear over them. broad categories of goods with ten are thrilled with this A lone figure stands to the left of billion identifications for each, or a the symbol. It is 0 in the case of all total capacity of 100 billion identifi- standard prepackaged grocery store cations. (There are vertical bars on Fun & Fund Raiser items. Change this to 3 and you have the left side of the symbol which the a whole new set of ten billion possible scanner can read to get the lone fig- combinations for drugs, compatible ure.) with the Food and Drug Administra- The industry has tentatively as- tion code. signed the 4, 6 and 9 for special pur- Change it to 2 and you have sym- poses that may require more than ten bols that each store can assign as it numbers, and expand the system be- chooses to perishables, etc., to stick yond 100 billion combinations. on packages such as those that may But there was plenty more to do

~~is the famous horse race game used the have been weighed in the meat or than devise the code before the sys-~~

world over. The game is played with 16mm produce departments. tem was first tried out. By the time film of actual races in color and sound with If a store doesn't choose to use the the industry felt it was ready to go

~~the fastest, finest thoroughbreds in action.~~

~~It's a complete package too! • 18 sealed~~

~~containers of filmed races, Programs, Mutuel Tickets, Play Money, Computer Forms, Tote Board and Instructions are provided.~~

~~For the complete story of what A Nite At The Races can do for your organization,~~

~~write, wire or call . . .~~

~~«^ i\itc (he i&ces. ii\c.~~

~~2320 Avenue U / Brooklyn, N.Y. 11229~~

~~(212) 769-7355~~

~~End constant BARK, BARK, BARK! No time wasted In training attach Bark-Trainer and forget~~

It I Works Instantly and auto- matically while you sleep or go about your duties. Requires no attention, produces long- lasting results. Just let dog wear Bark-Trainer collar a few days until the problem Is cor- rected then take It off. It's

that simple I Tiny electronic circuit converts vibrations of dog's bark to harmless but effective shock. He associates his excessive barking with the startling effect It produces. Absolutely safe. Most effective method ever developed. 10 day MONEY BACK GUARAN- TEE. Must end the problem or return for refund. Works on any size dog. Order by mail or call us for immediate C.O.D. shipment. We will deduct cost of phone call from cost of trainer If requested. Just dial 1-713—682-2728 anytime ". . . Are you the teacher in charge of the day or night. To order by mall send check or M O for $29.95 plus $2.00 shipping ($31.95 total) to RELCO I N 0.. newspaper, the yearbook and the class play?" Dept.H-U 10880, Houston, Tex. 77018. Box THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

2-code, it can still mark prices on it had called in the Battelle Memori- If You Served such items, and the equipment has al Institute Laboratories, the Massa- keys that can be punched, old-style, chusetts Institute of Technology and Your Country in War at the checkout counter. the Graphic Arts Technical Founda- But many of the stores are busy tion, and it had invested more than adapting the 2-code in various ways six million dollars in money, time and BE COUNTED AGAIN to apply the symbols to meats and services. produce packaged on the premises. "It was well spent," says Michael By Working In The industry has assigned a 5 at J. O'Connor, Super Market Institute the left to coupons offering bargains. director. "The work will cut our su- The Programs Of An ad allowing you a special price on permarkets costs more than $100 an item—if you bring in the coupon million a year." THE AMERICAN LEGION —would have a special 5-coded sym- Some distributors were especially bol printed on the coupon. Present the fearful of trouble reading symbols coupon with the item and the coupon defaced in one way or another in Big opportunities. Big profits. Earn quickly. Full or symbol would be the one scanned. handling or shipping, or through part time. Learn at home, The computer would register the spe- leakage. All the scanner has to read it's easy. Do real jobs: All Tools — Materials Sup- cial price and tell the accounting sys- is any clean hairline path across the plied. Accredited member tem that it was a coupon sale. symbol, so it takes a real smearing NHSC. Lie. State of NJ- With room for ten different lone of it to make it unreadable. Even so, Appd. for Vet Send name and address for FREE book. figures at the left, the system can products such as sugar are prone to Locksmithing Institute, Dept. 221-114 Div. Technical Home Study Schools, Little Falls, N.J. 07424 accommodate itself to ten different (Continued on page 44)

~~42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 NEW LIQUID STORM WINDOWS HELP SEAL OUT COLD AIR, SAVE FUEL, SAVE MONEY!~~

Your Home Stays Warmer, More Comfortable! _ FOR A WARMER WINTER- MAIL NO-RISK COUPON TODAY! Just brush this new miracle liquid tion lasts all season long! Brush on a plastic onto your windows and—be- Winterful of protection for as little as Jay Norris Corp., 25 W. Merrick Rd., fore your very eyes— it dries to form 62c a window! Helpful Hint: Apply Dept. AK-114, Freeport, N.Y. 11521 a tough, solid coat of invisible insula- some of the Liquid Storm Cleaner into Please rush me the Liquid Storm tion that helps seal cold air out . . . open cracks around windows. Windows checked below: helps seal warm air in! Cuts heat loss Quart (stormproofs 6 average-size Quart (stormproofs 6 windows) down. Transparent, odorless, washable windows) only $4.99 (plus $1 postage $4.99 plus $1 postage & handling. . . . keeps windows clear by eliminat- and handling). Gallon (stormproofs 24 windows) ing frost and condensation! (Your Gallon (stormproofs 24 average-size $14.99 plus $3 postage & handling. windows won't "sweat" anymore!) Gallons windows) only $14.99 (plus $3.00 2 (stormproofs 48 windows) Come Spring just peel it off in $28 plus $5 postage & handling. — sec- postage and handling). onds . . . without damaging glass! Check Money Order enclosed Two Gallons (stormproofs 48 aver- Use on any glass: clear, opaque, for total $ age-size windows) only $28.00 (plus frosted, rough. Liquid Storm Window I understand that, if not fully satisfied, $5.00 postage and handling). will not reduce the amount of light I may return my empty Liquid Storm Window container for full refund of entering your room . . . will not dis- BUY WITH CONFIDENCE! Sat- purchase price. color with age. Completely transparent isfaction guaranteed, or return empty

—you can't even see it! Wonderfully container within 30 days for full re- Name (print) economical . . . just fund. a single applica- Address _____ 25 W. Merrick Rd., Dept. AK-114, Freeport, N.Y. 11521 City_ -State- _Zip_ Serving Satislied Customers lor over 25 Years -© Jay Norrij Corp.. 1974— THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 43 —

~~MUZZLELOADING KITS REVOLUTION AT THE CHECKOUT COUNTER CONTINUED~~

Complete occasional leakage, and a syrupy information they contain, though Instructions smear when it happens. If one pack- they'll all tell you more than the older Rifled Barrel age leaks, it can smear adjoining ones. sales slips do. One system beeps every All Holes Drilled & Sugar industry leaders thoroughly time the scanner gets a good reading Tapped tested the symbol-readings on their and another beeps only if it gets a Fully Shaped & 90% products, and were pleasantly sur- bad reading. Inletted prised at the scanner's high batting Sperry-Univac supplied the Finast

Complete with all parts needed to make a average on packages deliberately ex- tryout equipment in Massachusetts, handsome, Colonial Pistol Replica. Octag- posed to leakage. as well as the earlier experimental onal, .45 cal. rifled barrel, front and rear To manage code policy, the indus- Kroger version in Kenwood, Ohio. sights. Percussion models from $22.95 plus try established the nonprofit Uni- The Troy, Ohio, Marsh store uses Na- $1.25 shipping. Flintlock models available. Rifle kits available from $61.45. form Grocery Product Code Council, tional Cash Register equipment. The initial Plainfield, Please send FREE brochure on CVA Kits. En- with members representing a broad Montreal and South closed is a self-addressed, stamped envelope. spectrum of leaders in manufactur- N.J., installations are by IBM, while Name ing, packaging, distributing, whole- the Brockton market in Stoughton,

State & Zip saling and retailing grocery store Mass., has electronics by Data Gen- CONNECTICUT VALLEY ARMS, INC. items. eral. In turn, these and other firms Dept. , AL, Saybrook Rd. The issuance of numbers was con- get components, such as scanners,

~~WRITE , . . McPHERSON, INC BOX 15133 TAMPA, FLA. 33614~~

~~Make Rubber Stamps for BIG PAY~~

~~I Need more money? Earn $60-#75~~

I a week , spare time, at home mak- • ing rubberstamps for offices, fac- tories, individuals. Hundreds of uses. Hundreds of prospects— ev- erywhere. Right in your own community. Turn out special stamps for names, addresses, notices, prices, etc., ! 1 -i minutes with table-top machine. We arnish everything and help finarr* you. at jss than bank rates. Write for f-ee facts. No salesman will call. Rubber Stamp Dlv., 1512 Jarvis, Dept. r-b-dm. Chicago 60626 "I see cat food ... I see dog food ... I see

~~husband food . . . but I don't see any kid food!" \AIUCM ANSWERING ADS THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE WflLN GIVE YOUR ZIP CODE~~

~~44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 : LIMITED 29 DAY OFFER FOR THE READERS OF THIS MAGAZINE~~

~~I CLOSEOUT OF Mi LEFT OVER STOCK HELD IN OUR OWN & U.S. GOVT. BONDED WAREHOUSES I BRAND NEW 1 974 POWERSCOPE NONPRISMAT1C BINOCULARS!~~

5 YEAR GUARANTEE HI Each POWERSCOPE Nonprismatic Binoc -POWER NITE & DAY ular is carefully inspected before ship- BINOCULAR PULLS IN ment. If it should fail to operate satis- factorily within five years, it will be re- AMAZING, CLEAR placed or repaired free. This guarantee VIEWS expires five years from date of purchase. FROM MILES AWAY!

Now you can own a pair of genuine POWERSCOPE BINOCULARS for a THIS MARKET QUOTA COUPON limits mere fraction of the regular price. latest Yes—the 1974 model can be yours bearer to two (2) Powerscope Binoculars for this unbelievably low price despite the ever increasing price of materials. at a reduced price of $4.99 each plus But please don't let this low reduced price confuse you. This optical instrument 97C postage & handling. Total $5.96 is completely different from those low price Japanese opera glasses. POWER- (Limit: 2 pair for $8.96). No phone, SCOPE is built with real quality components bv skilled European craftsmen. C.O.D. or foreign orders (except Canada). They're loaded with AMAZING POWER and give vou unbelievable LONG Satisfaction guaranteed or purchase price RANGE! refunded. NONE SOLD TO READERS AFTER THOUSANDS SOLD NATIONALLY materials and tech- Thanks to Space-Age 11:59 P.M. December 15, 1974 THIS YEAR AT MUCH HIGHER PRICES! nology they weigh under one pound! This year right up to a few days ago TRIAL " 1 thousands of American sportsmen TAKE IT ON FREE Foster -Tireivt it on cheerfully paid dollars more for the No risk or obligation! Yes . . . use theatre, nature DEPT. 200-V same binocular but at this time of the FREE TRIAL for sports, viewing, etc. Full 4.99 back quick if you 2345 Boston Post Rd.. Larchmont. N.Y. 10538 year we are forced to sell out all left- are not pleased. But please remember: stock without delay. This is ab- Please RUSH Binoculars checked below. I must over All Mail Orders must be postmarked on be completely satisfied or I may return within solutely necessary to meet creditors' or BEFORE expiration date shown in 7 days for my money back. demands, warehouse rentals and un- coupon, so please act promptly! ONE #2120 Powerscope — $4.99 plus 97( paid U.S. Government import taxes. TO GET THESE BINOCULARS shipping. Total 5.96 That's why we have reduced the price FOLLOW THESE SPECIAL CONDITIONS TWO #2120 (LIMIT) — $7.99 plus 97( ship- all the way down to 4.99. But in order This Limited Offer is based on a strict ping. Total 8.96 to be fair to every reader, we have Market Quota System. Readers of this ONE #2121 Large Deluxe Powerscope (Very placed a strict li»iit of not more than publication have exactly 29 business days Limited Quantity) $6.99 plus $1.00 ship- 2 to a buyer at this price. NOTICE to benefit from this reduced discount ping. Total 7.99 this offer to readers of this publica- price. All Mail Orders filled promptly! TWO #2121 (LIMIT) — $11.99 plus $1.00 for postage and tion is valid for only 29 business days. Enclose 4.99 plus 970 shipping. Total 12.99 All orders from (N.Y. State residents please add appropriate Read details below. handling. IMPORTANT: readers of this publication must be post- sales tax.) MADE BY EUROPEAN CRAFTSMEN marked on or BEFORE 11:59 p.m. of Print Name coupon. No POWERSCOPE Binoculars are produced expiration date shown in Address .Apt. #. with great care by experienced, well phone or C.O.D. orders. In fairness to all trained Old World Craftsmen in Western readers, we can make no exception to City these conditions. Avoid disappointment. Europe. Costly high-impact materials State . Zip Code_ and preeisio>i machined parts are used. Mail Special Quota Coupon below — too will be In fact this 1974 POWERSCOPE is now today! Orders received late EXPIRES: December 15, 1974 SO rugged that it is almost unbreakable! promptly returned to senders. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 45 :

~~REVOLUTION AT THE CHECKOUT COUNTER NEED TO WEAR CONTINUED~~

symbol, readable by existing standard scanning worthwhile for stores doing equipment, throughout the whole half a million dollars business a year. A TRUSS world of business and commerce, na- He expects an explosive growth in tionally and internationally. scanning in 1977 and 1978, when the FOR RUPTURE Many packagers are using the shakedown period should be over. switchover as a convenient time to When the system is well under That Binds, Cuts, Gouges, make other changes in their labels, way, the supermarkets will need Slips and Does Not Hold as long as they are changing their fewer employees per unit volume of If you must wear a Truss for Rupture, don't miss this. A Post Card, with name labels anyway to add the code. Some business done, and labor leaders at address, will get you FREE, and with- and are adding nutritional information to first voiced out obligation, the complete, modernized reservations about the Rice Plan of Reducible Rupture Control. their readable labels at the same system. But the various manage- Now in daily use by thousands who say they never dreamed possible such secure, time, in response to new law and reg- ments say they can switch many em- dependable and comfortable rupture pro- ulation. Kroger, some others who ployees to other work in their tection. Safely blocks rupture opening, pre- and grow- vents escape, without need for bulky, cum- haven't already done it, are adding ing business, while they will settle bersome Trusses, tormenting springs or harsh, gouging pad pressure. Regardless of metric measurements. for failing to replace others who quit how long ruptured, size, occupation, or scanning-computing equip- or retire. new three-year contract trusses you have worn. TRY THIS, and The A send your Post Card today to W. S. Rice, ment doesn't come cheap. An installa- negotiated in August between super- Inc., Adams, N. Y. Dept. 8K. DISCOVER

~~wlth &>i«m*4ee* IV TR 4B~~

~~the transmitter-receiver mineral and metal detector~~

~~Ideal for ghosttowning, parks, beaches and battlefields Detects~~

~~gold, silver, copper, nuggets, coins,~~

~~rings, jewelry, etc. models priced from ^1 Other *79 90 up Write for Free Literati~~

~~WHITE'S ELECTRONICS, INC. c*m raws 1011 Pleasant Valley Rd. Rm. 502 Sweet Home, Ore. 97386 DON'T QUIT SMOKING before giving my pipe a 30 Day Trial /tfAO/C /A/CM~~

U.S. Patent 326794! ^ My new principle contradicts every idea you've ever had about pipe smokinn. I guarantee it to smoke cool and mild hour after hour, day after day, without rest, without bite, bitterness or sludge. To prove it, I'll let you test smoke a Carey Pipe for 30 days. Write today for FREE trial offer.

~~E. A. CAREY, Dept. 246T, 3932 N. Kilpqtrick, Chitogo, III. 60641~~

~~"It's that bashful guy to see you, Wendy." THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE~~

tion costs about $15,000 per checkout markets and unions in Maryland, stand today, and a store needs sev- Delaware, Virginia and the District eral, as well as a spare. Some stores of Columbia specifically provides that have, and others expect to install, no union members will lose jobs be- emergency generators to solve the cause of the new automation. power blackout risk. Complete instal- For the record, the seven trade as- and sociations which joined to embark Do a world of good for lations sell for between $85,000 $120,000, according to John F. Ine- on the code proposal in 1970 were hungry people. One check son, a Singer executive. It is estimated The National Association of Food that a store must have sales of $2 Chains. will feed, heal, educate. million a year to justify the expense. The Grocery Manufacturers of There are more than 200,000 food America. - New York, N.Y. 10016 CARE stores in the country, and 16,000 have The Super Market Institute. annual gross sales in the $2 million- The Cooperative Food Distributors and-up class. These 16,000 sell about of America. THE IDEAL JOB? half of the foodstuffs in the country. The National American Wholesale Many INVESTIGATOR-ADJUST- ERS feel they have it. Interesting, The majority of new stores are also Grocers' Association. challenging work, freedom, car ex in believes that The National Association of Retail penses. Without obligation, find this size class. Ineson out if you can qualify by training 70% of such stores will be on scan- Grocers of the U.S. at home. No salesman will call. UNIVERSAL SCHOOL (homestudy) ners by 1980, while the equipment The National Association of Con- Dept. 8221 - 114, Little will to make (Continued on page Jf8) Falls. NJ 07424. _^ddl cost come down enough

~~46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 "When we foundout what AARPdid forpeople over 55, my wife didn't mind telling her age"~~

"After a friend of ours told us about AARP, I said to my ivife, 'Irma, everybody's having fun but us.' So I clipped out a coupon just like the one on this page. And got our AARP memberships. I ivish ive had done it 5 years earlier." What's AARP? Irma and Peter McNidty AARP is the American Association of Retired Persons. A non-profit association of more than 6 million people. Rich people. All you have to be is 55 or over.

Poor people. People on the go. People who We don't care who you are, where you live, like to stay put. It's one of the few or what you do, if you're 55 or over you can organizations that offers you the opportunity be a member of AARP. And find the purpose to give so much of yourself, and at the same and involvement you've been looking for. time provides so many benefits and services. So tell us your age. Because joining AARP is the best way we know to start feeling What does it give? younger. Primarily it gives you the opportunity for a new kind of life. A way to explore new interests. To save money on medicines, travel, auto and health insurance. To Join AARR strengthen the voice of older Americans in federal, state and local government. The new social security But, most of all, it's a way to maintain your for people 55 and over. individuality, and your dignity.

How does AARP work? American Association of Retired Persons To become enrolled in AARP all you have 1909 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 to do is clip and mail this coupon. Your Gentlemen : I am 55 or over. membership costs you $2 a year. That's it. Please enroll me as a member of AARP. I understand that it makes me eligible for all AARP What kind of benefits or services? benefits and privileges.

Enclosed find : $2 (one year dues) Well, there's AARP's travel service. $5 (3 year dues) Bill me later. There's information about a recommended Life Insurance Plan and an Auto Insurance Name (Please Print) Plan designed for mature persons. Eligibility DCTR Address, for a Group Health Insurance Plan to help supplement Medicare. There's a home- City_ .Birthdate_ delivery pharmacy service. There are over 1600 local chapters where you can meet new State .Zip Code_

people and get involved in community One membership entitles both member and spouse programs. There's Mature Temps, a service to all AARP benefits and privileges. to help you get part-time work. You even (Only one member may vote.) receive subscriptions to Modern Maturity magazine and the AARP Neivs Bulletin. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 47 REVOLUTION AT THE CHECKOUT COUNTER CONTINUED

venience Stores. FOR PERMANENT The following people represented ^ FUND RAISING m the industry on the Ad Hoc Commit- Easy way to raise money for your Organization tee on the code: because everyone has fun playing BINGO' H.J. Heinz Co. : R. Burt Gookin and Thousands of Organizations ore making up to John F. Hayes. Gookin is Heinz's gg- $500.00 per week using BINGO KING" supplies g-^ and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREE catalog vice-chairman and was the commit- and details on raising money for your Organiza- tee chairman. Hayes is now on loan tion. PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. from Heinz to Distribution Codes, Inc., as its grocery expert during the break-in period. DEPT. 954, BOX 2588, LITTLETON, COLO. 80120 Weg man's Food Markets: Robert Wegman, president of Wegman's and iW;ll!MWifc committee vice-chairman. Huge savings on tiny, all-in- General Foods: Robert A. Stringer. the-ear, behind the ear, eye- glass and body models. New The Kroger Co.: Robert O. Aders space age models are so tiny and John L. Strubbe. and welf concealed your closest friends may never even Bristol-Myers Co.: Frederick But- notice. FREE HOME TRIAL. Low as $10 monthly. Money ler and Gavin MacBain. back guarantee. If your doctor First recommends you use a hearing National Stores: Alan Haber- aid, ask him about Prestige aids. man. Write today for free catalog and confidential booklet. "I'll tell you what's wrong with PRESTIGE, Dept. D-91, Box 10947, Houston, Tex. 77018. Associated Food Stores: Donald P. this country. The government Lloyd. is living beyond our incomes!" HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS Madsen's Enterprises: Earl W. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time Madsen. Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity tor ambitious General Mills: James P. MacFar- men. We show you HOW — in your basement or garage to earn spare time cash in an expanding industry. Don't wait. land and Thomas P. Nelson. grating a uniform, voluntary plan ACT NOW! Get the facts. across Write for folder No. A- 11 and free bonus offer; Gerber Products Co.: John C. a huge spectrum of competing Suerth. firms is probably far more remark- Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. 0. P. O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N. V. 10314 Winn-Dixie Stores: Bert L. able than the new technology at the Thomas. checkout counter itself. Technology

The Oshawa Group, Ltd. : Raymond has always been able to move faster •g; LEARN D. Wolfe. than human agreement. For better or MEAT CUTT ' N Super Valu Stores: James T. worse, competing managements acted Train quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo Wyman. as one family in this deal. It is a far bright future with Becurity in the vital meat business. Biff pay. full-time jobs— HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OFYOUR The success of these, and the many cry from the old motto: Does Gimbel ill OWN! Time payment plan available. Diplo- ma given. Job help. Thousands of suc- others who were involved, in inte- tell Macy? end. cessful graduates. OUR -61st YEAR! Send NOW for big new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. G.I. approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING No. 0197T Dept. A-84 Toledo, Ohio 43604

BASEMENT TOILET Flushes up to existing sewer or sep-l| tic tank by powerful, self-contained pump operated by normal water pressure. No digging up floors. Clog resistant, easily installed. Make basement into game room, den, apartment with private bath. Financing available. Dealer inquiries invited. Write for free catalog. DOSS, Dept. J-17, Box 10947, Houston, Tex. 77018

~~CHANGE OF ADDRESS~~

When moving to a new address, please notify Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Form 3578 which is available at your local post office. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other officer charged with such responsibilities.

DETECTIVE TRAINING Easy home study course prepares men 1 and women for the exciting and reword- 1 ing investigation profession. SEND NOW 1 FOR FREE DETAILS about course, lapel 1 pin and diploma. No solesman will call. 1 G.I. Approved for veterans training. "Are you sure this stuff is good? I've never heard it mentioned on TV!' ' UNIVERSAL DETECTIVES THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE |D.pl. AL. Box B1B0. Ur>iv«r>ol City. Colif. 91608 |

~~48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 ——~~

A barber gets $ 1 .50 plus tip for a shave with his electric razor. straight and neat for today's new "styled" look. The high- For years he's kept the brand name hidden with adhesive tape. impact plastic housing is sculpted to fit your hand effortlessly. Removable stainless steel head rinses clean under running wa- Can you rightly blame him? For this professional instrument ter. On-off switch, plus separate switch to operate trimmer. outshaves his hand-honed straight razor! You won't find it in stores. It's been a secret weapon of master barbers for years. The specially counter-balanced drive gives you a smooth, It delivers a barber-close shave that lasts all day long. It does vibration-free shave, and won't cause radio or TV interference. it faster and with less chance of irritation than a straight It all adds up to an amazing shaving experience. An electric razor. That's why barbers use it on the toughest beards and shave that makes your face come cleaner than a hand-honed the most sensitive skin. surgical steel barber's straight razor — and in a lot less time.

have it. Now the secret is out. A barber talked. We Expecting a hefty price tag? Forget it! The Oster Professional The Oster Professional Electric Shaver. shaver was designed for barbers who don't go for expensive, Contoured Head unneeded frills. The price is regularly only $22.98, complete with cleaning brush and head cover. And now, for a limited Like a Barber's Fingers time only. . . the Oster Professional is yours to enjoy for only The design is a barber's dream. Technically, the shaving head $19.99 - a healthy $3.00 saving!

design is called a "double arch contour," because it sets up whiskers just like a barber does with his fingers. It means you get every whisker at one pass— as clean as if you had drawn 30-DAY FREE TRIAL! a hand-honed, surgically sharp, straight razor over your face. Treat your face to the Oster Professional Shaver for 30 — fastest, 4,000 Comb Traps days 30 days of the smoothest, closest, most

irritation-free shaving you've ever enjoyed . . . either 152 Surgical Steel Edges blade or electric! Then, if not completely satisfied, re- Four thousand comb-like perforations trap each whisker right turn for a full refund. at the skin line. Powerful 120-volt, 60-cycle motor drives the 152 surgical-sharp cutting edges to make the toughest beard disappear magically—without the slightest irritation to even SAVE $3.00 BY ORDERING the most sensitive skin. DURING THIS LIMITED SALE! So Powerful, JAY NORRIS CORP., 25 W. Merrick Rd., Dept. AK-131. Whiskers Turn to Dust! Freeport, N.Y. 11521 Open an ordinary electric shaver and you'll find bits and Show me! I'd like to treat my face to the Oster Professional pieces of whisker. That's because these run-of-the-mill shavers Electric Shaver's barber-close shaves — and save $3.00, to hack and chop your beard. But the Oster Professional Electric boot! If it doesn't deliver smoother, faster, closer, more irritation-free shaves than I've ever enjoyed. I understand Shaver operates at nearly twice the speed— on ordinary house- that I can return my shaver in 30 days for full refund or hold AC current— and actually pulverizes whiskers into fine cancellation of charges ($19.99, plus $2.00 postage and han- microscopic dust. dling — total: $21.99). N.Y. residents add sales tax. Hurry, this is a limited offer! Separate Trimmer Enclosed is check money order Sorry, no C.O.D.'s Other Great Features

Name ... Professional No expense was spared to make the Oster Shaver (Please Print) to rigid, master-barber specifications. Motor-driven trimmer Address operates independently to trim moustaches and sideburns City co*g SZZZZ^ State .Zip 25 W. Merrick Rd., Dept. AK-131, Freeport, N.Y. 11521 — — © Jay Norris Corp., 1974 — — — — — —I THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 49 "SHOPPER GOLD BULLION FOR SALE AGAIN. RADIAL TIRE WRAP-UP. SAVINGS' EARNINGS KNOW-HOW.

In a few weeks, you'll be able to buy gold bullion for the first time in some 40 years. Should you do it? Here are some basics that may help you: WHERE TO BUY: Many banks, special dealers and some financial houses will be able to supply you in units ranging from a "wafer" {Vz troy ounce, worth roughly $80) to ingots in the 50 oz. class (about $8,000 apiece). PRICE: This will vary every day, depending on world markets (you pay a commission of 6% to 8% each time you buy or sell). Also, you can buy on PORCH LIFT can be easily installed with will a sort of "lay-away" plan for as little as $10 down, but the commission the aid of a special ramp. Designed for be about double. wheelchair patients & for persons who are unable to walk up or down steps. GET: Unlike the purchase of stocks or bonds consummated WHAT YOU — Rider can reach key controls easily. For via a piece of paper—a gold transaction means that you physically acquire more information write to: American Stair-Glide Corp., 4001 E. 138th St., the stuff. If you keep your gold at home, you will need a strongbox and Dept. EAL-11, Grandview, Mo. 64030. extra insurance; or you could put it into a safety deposit vault—though you probably should insure that, too. IS IT A GOOD BUY? Figure this way: 1) Gold doesn't yield interest or dividend payments. Ergo, its price must rise enough to compensate for the return on alternate investments to make a purchase worthwhile. COLLAR EXTENDER 2) Also, remember those commission fees and storage charges. They Eases Tight Shirt Collar Discomfort have to be covered, too. 10 for $1.75 3) The price of gold doesn't invariably, it fluctuates. go up plus 25c postage 4) The key to your decision really is how you assess the outlook long- 2 Sets of 10 for $3.25 ppd. term, and how much you value gold's safety (historically, it has had a great Collar fit tightly due to shrink- age, washing, starching, growth, record). But buy only from reputable sources. Along with the real thing, weight increase? Add up to V2 there will be counterfeits, short-weights and false labels. size for just-right fit instantly. Ideal for men and growing boys. Slips on and off in seconds. Send check or M.O.; no C.O.D.'s 21- ¥ * ¥ day money-back guarantee. If you plan to equip your car with radial tires, be sure to put them on BARCLAY, Dept. 67-M all four wheels (the spare should be a radial, too). Other types of tires 1575 North Dixie Hwy. Pompano Beach, Fla. 33060 aren't compatible with radials (that goes for snow tires as well). Additional points lo remember: • Don't let the soft appearance of radials fool you. have a high flex They now; Improved and Patented in the sidewalls, so don't pump them up just because they look too flat. Check the pressure recommended by the manufacturer before adding air. RUPTURE-EASER • Radials should be rotated in a special way—they should be switched (A WW Truss) No laces — instant on the same side of the car, not crisscrossed like other tires. pull-strap adjustment

Radials are very tough, but if a puncture occurs it can be repaired only No Fitting Required if the wound is in the center of the tread and less than in. in diameter, V\ Right or > says the Tire Industry Safety Council. Left Side M m Double $9.95 Strong, form-fitting, washable sup- ¥ * * port for reducible inguinal hernia. Snaps up in front. Soft, flat groin pad. No steel or leather Should you decide to dip into your long-term savings—such as E bonds, bands. Unexcelled for comfort. Also used as after operation support. For men, women, chil- bonds or certificates of deposit first figure out how to do it with least H — dren. Send measure around the lowest part of damage to the interest you are earning. As a general rule: Cash your new- abdomen and state right, left side or double. Add 75# postage. PIPER BRACE CO. Dept. AL-114 est purchases first. Here's why: 811 Wyandotte • Kansas City, Mo. 64105 E BONDS: The value of E's picks up speed the longer you hold them (reaching a peak at maturity). Hence, if you decide on partial liquidation, it may be wise to turn in the newer, slow-speed bonds. H BONDS: Interest is paid semiannually, but not at a constant rate. As in HEARING AIDS the case of E's, the yield rises with age. Again, you may be better off to hold the older, higher paying bonds longest. COMPARABLE CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: Early withdrawal means a penalty on AIDS # accumulated interest (in fact, you could wipe it out). Ask your banker for details, which are a bit complicated. But once more, if you decide to cash • BUY DIRECT • 20 DAYS FREE TRIAL in, you'll do the least damage by turning in the newer CD's first. Body Aids $59.50 up. Tiny, inconspicuous All- Note: If you cash E's, H's, or CD's, you always will get your original in-the-Ear; Behind-the-Ear; Eye Glass Aids. One principal back. What you have to watch is how much you'll spoil the frost- of the largest selections of fine quality aids. ing on the cake. Very low battery prices. Write for FREE litera-

By Edgar A. Grunivald ture. No salesman will ever call. Good hearing is a wonderful gift. ^ LLOYD CORP. Dept. ARL, 128 Kish. St., Rockford, III. 61104 50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 _

^-SHOPPER GREENHOUSESLOW COST, FULL SIZE NON-METAL TAPS for the home gardener SAVE HEELS Quiet, No-Skid, Rundown f, I f I Like new n 3 months oteel- lough with no noise Amazing polyurethane taps keep heels perfect for months. Attach in seconds to any heel, and no one can tell you're wearing taps. Men or ladies size. KICK SHOE REPAIR COSTS TODAY! Money-back guarantee. A Great Christmas Gift! This 12 Ft. 10Q Q - Model, only ILu.sJO WRITE FOR FREE COLOR BROCHURE (Can save you $4.00 in heels) ©1971 AMERICAN LEGION & Auxiliary Christmas Peter Reimuller/Greenhouseman™ cards. Emblem in gold on front, with mes- HALE HEEL COMPANY Box 2666-111, Santa Cruz, Ca. 95063 sage in red. Personal imprint available 48 Chip Rd., Middlefield, Mass. 01243 American Legion No. 74850; Aux. No. 34850 20f each; 15* each 25 or more. National Emblem Sales, Dept. K. The American Legion, P.O. Box 1055, Indian- FIND BURIED TREASURE apolis, Ind. 46206 Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new electronic detector. Most powerful made. Ultra sensitive. Penetrates deep into earth. Works through mud, beach »m fiQC Z^STV sand, rock, wood, etc. Signals «t>J*J*'** |( when object is detected Sale on to scarce dates Write for Free Catalog, treasure hunting tips and 5 POWERFUL $12950 unusual souvenir coin. MODELS Lincoln Cents—25c each RELCO Dept. D-199 Box Houston, Tex. 77018 1917 IS 19 19S 20 23 24 10839, 192S 26 27 28 29 29D 29S 30 1930S 34 34D 35 3SD 36 360 36S 37 37D 1937S 38 38D 39 39S 40 40D 40S 41 41D 1941S 42 42D 42S 43 44 44D 44S 45 45D This section is presented as a service to readers and advertisers. All 1945S 46 46D 46S 47 47D 47S 48 48D 48S 1949 49D 49S 50 SOD SOS 51 51D 51S 52 products are sold with a money-back guarantee. When ordering, 1952D 52S 53 53D 53S 54 54D 54S SS 5SD 1956D 57 S7D 58 58D 59 59D 60D (sm. dt.) allow 3-5 weeks delivery. Jefferson Nickels—300 each 1938 39 40 40D 40S 41D 41S 46S 47S 48D 1948S 49D 49S SO 51D 52D 52S 53D 53S 1954 54D 54S 55D 56 56D 57 570 58 58D ANY CHERISHED 1959 S9D 60 60D 61 61D 62 62D 63 63D PHOTO BECOMES A To enjoy these savings over our regular prices, simply circle dates wanted and send us this ad together with remittance for amount ordered. (Minimum order $1.) Money-back guarantee. DECORATOR PILLOW Superior Supply Co. Dept. TM-7, 253 Union Street, Littleton, N.H. 03561 A Unique and Very Special Personal Loving Gift for Parents or

~~Grandparents I~~

Send us your favorite photo, and we will turn it into a stunning con- versation-piece pillow. Photo will be blown up to a giant 10%" x 10%", richly "framed" by handsome binding, and set into 13" x 13" black vinyl pillow with the luxury look and feel of fine leather. Washable, of course. Handy back zipper, too. Send any photo or negative, color or black and white, or 35mm. slide. Also Available-Fn// Color Photo Pillow! Only $12.99, to produce a glowing full color photograph on the same luxury vinyl, same giant size! Send color photograph or negative, or 35mm. slide. All photos returned unharmed. Allow 4 weeks for delivery. MAIL 10-DAY MONEY-BACK-GUARANTEE COUPON TODAY , MADISON HOUSE GIFTS, Dept. 7109 • 4500 N.W. 135th St., Miami, Fla. 33059

Send the Photo Pillow(s) listed below. Enclosed is check or YOU MAY CHARGE MY: m.o. for $ (No C.0.0., stamps or coins, Master Charge* 8? Puzzled over what to give for Christ- jS please.) BankAmericard » mas? One of the best bargains still around S Diners Club Black & White #D12807 $7.99 + 75C postage & handl. ea. » (and a gift that lasts and lasts) is a non- @ S Color #015354 $12.99 $1.25 postage & handl. ea. American Express » member subscription to The American S @ + S. Legion Magazine. Get yours for Christ- S Name Acct. # » mas or other gift-giving occasions at 9 Exp. Date Sf $2.00 each from Circulation Dept., P. O. 9 Address sf Box 1954, Indianapolis. Ind.. 46206. Send S Signature name and address, including ZIP Code 2 City g *lf using » number, of each recipient along with jS Master Charge, also indicate State -Zip- check or money order for the proper total, the four numbers above your name g g N.Y. & Fla. res. add appropriate sales tax. here €*€*€<€»€«€«C!€!€«C«€iiC«giiC!€!C*C«<€t€(€«€«e!€!€i«!a

~~THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 51 —~~

~~LEAF IT TO US MEN~~

~~Leaves on the sidewalk Leaves in the street, Leaves on the front lawn Deep at our feet; Leaves of hot scarlet,~~

~~Leaves of warm gold . . . Leaves to be raked up Leave us cold. G. Sterling Leiby~~

~~GOING RATE?~~

~~Retirement pension: Standard of leaving. Frank Tyger~~

~~LOVE, HONOR AND EQUALITY~~

~~She was a libber—four feet nine Until that day her brand-new spouse Insisted she, being liberated, Could carry him into the house. Mildred Crabtree Speer~~

~~WOODNT YOU?~~

~~When lumberjacks get together all they do is talk chop.~~

~~Raymond J. Cvtkota~~

~~NUDGING THE BUDGET~~

Lately, money is getting tight. It's hard to make ends meet. "Is that you, Edith? Bad news ... I got laid off today!" I'll scrimp on clothes, to some extent, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE But won't concede defeat. I'll buy my "Neutral bag and shoes" So I'll be set for Fall, (And beat the rising prices by DON'T COUNT TO TEN Having the wear-with-all). Phyllis Jaffe A newspaperman doing a feature story on a group of paratroopers was about to jump for his first time with the men so he could relate his sensa- tions. "Major," he said, "tell me how this parachute works." ANOTHER PLUS FOR JOGGING "Well," replied the officer, "your parachute is hooked to that static One of the advantages of jogging is that line in the plane. The jumpmaster opens the door, checks to see that it gets you out in the open carrying so you're hooked up right, and then tells you to jump." little of value that the muggers leave you "And that static line always pulls the chute open?" asked the reporter. alone. "Nearly always," said the major. "If it doesn't, jerk this." He pointed Franklin P. Jones to a knob dangling on the reporter's chest. "And don't count to ten or

~~anything . . . that's only in the movies. Just yell 'Oh, my God!' and pull the knob!" Dan Bennett~~

~~FAST BUT~~

~~Observing one of his carpenters hammering away, the job foreman~~

~~finally spoke to the man: "Man . . you hammer like lightning." "You mean I'm that fast?" asked the carpenter. "No," answered the foreman. "I mean that you seldom strike twice in the same place."~~

~~Lucille J. Goodyear~~

~~A MATTER OF TERMINOLOGY~~

An ex-farmer who became a mayor of a small town noticed the lawn in front of City Hall looked a bit scraggly. "Guess we better throw some cow manure on that grass," he told the clerk. A bit later the clerk observed to the mayor's secretary, "Someone should tell the mayor to say fertilizer instead of manure." "I gotta hand it to you . . . Wearing "It might be better to leave well enough alone," the secretary advised. these pantyhose nobody will be able "It took his wife seven years to to say get him manure." to give a good description of us!" Lane Olinghouse THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE.

~~52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • NOVEMBER 1974 !~~

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