I would like to congratulate your Institute and editors for the excel· Jence of the new journal HorologicaJ Times. It is a production that ffils a void in the technical knowledge available t o watchmakers. On re­ ceiving the July issue today, I see that the quality still continues to improve, and I wonder, being a watchmaker, bow anyone could do without it. We have just concluded our annual NZHI conference, and 1 was pleased to take my copies of the Times to display to members. 6Jitoriaf It was a job to get them all back again, so I am sure that you will be getting some ne\V subscribers from New Zealand ! At the Conference, I was glad to be able to put forward to members details of your battery project towards the AWl ELM Trust. Although New Zealand is not a big country by your standards and no recycling program is likely here, members were in full agreement that we could organize a collection depot here for used batteries and then THE PYRAMID EFFECT forward them to you. It would be the least we could do in appreciation of the help given us by articles and technical extracts over the years from Do you know what you have done? You have made your journals, and especially those from the late Jess Colemen. purchases from our advertisers. By your act you have W.M.Borrow attracted more advertisers to HOROLOGICAL Editor, New Zealand Horological Journal Mosgiel, New Zealand TIMES. More funds have been collected by the American Watchmakers Institute to expand its services for you. I want to compliment you on the quality of your (our) magazine. It is good to have one devoted to the watchmaker and clockmaker. Whenever I answer an ad I always mention the Times maga­ The expanded services have attracted new members zine. If they don't advertise in it, I tell them that I could not locate and more funds. The new members also compliment their ad in the Times, but finally found it in another magazine. Hope they get the hint. our advertisers. I'm glad to be a member of AWI and have been instrumental in getting several to join in Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah, were I used to live. Continue to support our advertisers. You benefit David Choate by your act. Lincoln City, Oregon

I would like to say that the Horological Times is getting better with each issue! To you and all the department editors, a job well done. I can't say that one is better than the other, because they all have their OUR READERS WRITE merit!! Raymond Pavkov CMC North Haven, Connecticut I would like to commend AWI on the informative slide and I!lm pro­ grams and also on the great new publication Horological Times. We certainly were in need of a good technical magazine. In reference to a letter to the editor published in the September issue, a reader speaks I would like to take this opportunity of congratulating_ your institute about printing the magazine on glossy paper. I for one am happy that it on the excellent articles and publication of the Horological Times. is printed on matte paper. Trying to read from glossy paper is hard on As Service Manager for Bulova in New Zealand, I find it up the eyes when the light reflects off of it. to date and most enlightening. Let's keep the magazine just as it is. JohnS. Wild Emerick Mikolschuetz Ch

To James Broughton: Just a short note to tell you we here in Inde­ pendence, MO really appreciate the schools AWI has put on. And I say we, because I have heard my fellow colleagues say so. We do appreciate the information and bench practice courses. It helps us to properly inform our customers and also improve our services. We hope you will continue to do this for us in our Kansas ABOUT THE COVER City area. Do appreciate all the wonderful technical articles in the Horological Times. Pictured on the November issue is a harvest scene Albert Gregson Independence, Missouri bringing to mind this month's holiday, Thanksgiving.

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November 19 77 Horological Times 3 :lke P,.e:Julenb me:J:Jage by James H. Broughton

NO PROSPECT IS DISPENSABLE

AWl BUILDING FUND NEWS For want of a nail the shoe is lost, For want of a shoe the horse is lost, Members and friends of AWl are doing a marvelous job of For want of a horse the rider is lost, reducing our building indebtedness; look at the Honor Roll For want of a rider the battle is lost, each month in Horological Times. For want of a battle the kingdom is lost. At the annual meeting last June, Mr. and Mrs. Hagans sparked a drive for increased donations (refer to September We could update George Herbert's familiar jingle, published in 1977 HT, page 19). This news has brought in additional 1640, to read "For want of a member the Association is contributions and one unusual case is worth mentioning. lost." If that seems far-fetched, just pause and reflect. All In August at a meeting in Denver an appeal was made those whose participation is vital to our group today-in­ for donations to the fund, as well as clocks and watch~s for cluding the president, the other officers, the directors, the the Museum. Mr. and Mrs. Peter Zwern gave a check for chairmen and committeemen-were once new members! For $150.00. Within a few days after this, Pete Zwern received "want of" them at the time they joined, would we have an his September issue of HT and called Orville to complain that effective Association today? Orville did not inform him about his donation and results in It is hard to overstate the importance of new mem­ June, and that if Orville and John Cassedy could give $300 bers. We can rewrite another famous saying and truthfully each, so could Pete, who mailed another check for $150 with claim, about all who are qualified, "No man is dispensable." a note: why not make a drive and get the issue cleared up. Associations exemplify upward mobility; our door opens on At a meeting in September of the Colorado Watch­ a staircase up which newcomers climb. It is not an escalator: makers Association, Ray Rennemeyer, Vice President, gave ascenders earn their way through service. They mingle deeds a check stating, "we all cannot make large donations, but here with recognition as they rise. In the process, they help their is my check for $25; let's get going. AWl is our only hope and fellow members as much as themselves. We rob each other the building is the best investment the watchmakers and clock­ when we fail to attract and interest all eligible individuals. makers have ever made-it is our future and it belongs to Every membership application approved augments every member." 0 our strength, our power to move forward. It adds to our collective voice and smooths the way to achievement. It also brings fresh viewpoints and approaches that may solve grave problems. Don't be apathetic about membership growth. The AWl ANNUAL DUES prospects you don't strive to sign up today may be the "nails" we sorely need tomorrow. You will soon receive your annual dues billing from the D Institute. Regular dues are $25.00 and student memberships are now $10.00. Prompt payment will aid in freeing Central Headquarters workers so that they may better serve you.

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Order any of these packages through any of our 150 authorized material distributors. This vast, nationwide distribution network means that there's a distributor within easy range of you. SEIKO Seiko Time Corporation, Technical Service Department, 404 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018. November 1977 Horological Times 5 Inside the Clock Shop with James L. Tigner

ADJUSTING THE RECOIL ESCAPEMENT

Part 2

Last month we talked about the everyday, routine adjust­ ments to the strip pallet recoil escapement. Basically, what we'll be considering this month are special problems that sometimes occur in ordering and fitting new pallets. But, before we can tackle these problems, we ~ need to know a few more terms and how a number of other things are figured. Lock was a word we used last month but didn't define. Some authorities regard the recoil escapement as /f I \ \\ having only an impulse face, and no actual lock. However you look at it, the turning of an escape wheel is checked by a tooth dropping on a pallet. And as it drops, it overlaps the pallet face by a certain amount. Later in our discussion we will need some kind of name for this overlap, so we will follow the lead of other authorities and call it lock. As mentioned last month, we don't normally adjust for lock. True, when the escapement is deepened, or the pal­ lets closed, the locks increase. But these are adjustments for drop, and, when they are correct, so are the locks insofar as that particular escapement is concerned. The only way the locks can be increased independently of the drops is to re­ design the escapement with fewer wheel teeth and a shorter span of the pallets. What is meant by span of the pallets is a matter much in need of clarification. How many teeth can be physically counted between the pallets depends on whether the escape wheel is locked on the entry or the exit pallet. When it's locked on the exit pallet, one more tooth lies between the pallets than when the lock is on the entry pallet. In Figure 1 the wheel is locked on the entry pallet, and there are 7 teeth between, or inside, the pallets. In Fig­ ure 2, where the wheel is locked on the exit pallet, there are 8 teeth between the pallets. Thus, the pallets are said to span, or embrace, 7lh teeth, the mean of the teeth spanned when the wheel is locked first on one pallet and then on the other. It's also sometimes useful to know how many teeth a pallet is spanned by. So again it is important to know exactly what is meant by the term. A pallet is always spanned by 2 more teeth than it spans. We see in Figure 1 that where the pallets span 7 teeth, they are themselves spanned by 9 teeth. And in Figure 2 where the pallets span 8 teeth, they are Figure 1. spanned themselves by 10. Thus the pallets are said to be spanned by the mean of the 2 figures, 9lh teeth. How many teeth should a pallet span? In the days

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count, in tum, was inflexibly stepped in intervals of 4-26, 30, 34, 38, etc-so that when divided by 4, the span of the pallets always carne out exactly a whole number plus a half. In the wheel counts above, the pallets would span respectively 6*. 7*. 8*, 9*, etc, teeth. And, since the center distance of pallet and escape wheel was the diagonal of a square, it, of course, was in­ variably 1.414 times the radius of the escape wheel. But in mass-produced clocks with recoil escapements, no such rules apply, discounting an exception here and there. This is true of European as well as American clocks. As I see it, recoil escapement design is pretty much at the whim of the manufacturer, although a trend has been followed by nearly aU the makers. Center distances have been shortened, and the number of teeth spanned by the pallets reduced. This makes for a more compact design, saves a little metal, and increases the escape arc of the pendulum. If the increased arc is accompanied by a strong main­ Figure 2. spring, the supplementary arc, or overswing, is also increased, which makes the clock less sensitive to dirt, gummy oil, or an out-of-beat condition. It was once suggested to me that the

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November 1977 Horological Times 7 resulting wide swing of the pendulum might even be a sales The acting face of the entry pallet is ground in the strategem to please the public. Could be. right direction, but it requires polishing, again with a No. 2/0 A clockrnaker's notebook can provide the only emery stick and then with a 4/0. sure way of knowing how many teeth a pallet originally To order one of these pallets, you need to know the spanned in a particular clock. But lacking that, there are make and type of clock, 24 of which are listed in LaRose's rough guidelines he can follow which will give a practical catalog, each with an order number. It's a good idea to have in solution to his problem. First, divide the tooth count by stock at least the three "universal" verges to give you some­ 4, which gives the pallet span under the rule of the old square thing to work with when a clock has no identifying marks. If design. Next, subtract from this figure the following numbers you do a substantial business in old American clocks, the bar­ of teeth, which roughly vary with the size of the tooth counts. gain assortment of a dozen verges is even better. For wheels with less than 30 teeth, subtract 1. Be­ Now let's suppose you order a verge for a particular tween 30 and 40 teeth, subtract 1 to 2. Between 40 and SO, clock. It arrives, you slap it in, and it looks like Figure 3. A subtract 2 to 4lh. Between SO and 60, subtract 3 to S. For 60 jammed escapement! Teeth locked on both pallets! teeth (the highest I know of, found in the Ely Terry pillar So what's wrong? Well, probably nothing. A per­ and scroll outside escapement), subtract Sh. fectly matched escapement looks this way when planted too The center distances on these escapements range from 1.06 to 1.S times the wheel radius, averaging about 1.28, which is distinctly shorter than the 1.414 used in the square escapement. ~ These figures are based on notes I compiled on about 3 dozen recoil clocks, mostly American. Admittedly not very determinate, but they demonstrate the capability of the recoil escapement to function successfully under a wide range of /( ( \ \\ designs. 0 At the present time I have in my shop a New Haven \ 8-day beehive and a Chauncy Boardman 30-hour steeple. \ Both have escape wheels with a diameter of 34.6 mm and a wheel count of 48 teeth. But the pallet of the New Haven spans 8lh teeth, while that of the Chauncey Boardman spans 9lh. What this means is that the two pallets are inter­ changeable, despite the fact that one has a one-tooth wider span than the other. All that's needed is to adjust the center distances, and the pallets will work as well in one clock as in the other. This explains how LaRose can sell a set of 3 "uni­ versal" verges designed to fit 64 different movements. Or a bargain assortment of a dozen verges "selected to handle over 90% of your verge problems." Or their full line of 24 verges "to fit over 100 different clock movements." The material houses in late years have done a tre­ mendous job of supplying parts for old, long-out-of-produc­ tion clocks. And the clockrnaker who values his time should take advantage of these mass-produced items. Ratchet wheels, clicks, escape wheels, barrel wheels, gathering pallets, verges, etc.)-all these things can be produced in quantity far cheaper than the clockrnaker can hope to handmake them one at a time. Of course, on most of these items a certain amount of finishing and fitting is usually required, which brings us to the basic subject matter we set out to discuss. The exit pallet on these ready-made verges often needs to be thinned down at the let-off edge, before the correct adjustment can be made for outside drop. Grind or stone it down on the outside to preserve the correct span. The Figure 3. edge should be like a dull knife blade, not razor sharp. For ease in manufacture, the acting face of the exit pallet is ground crosswise. If left this way, it would act like a file and cut the escape wheel teeth to pieces-supposing the deeply. In any case, before we start bending anything, let's clock would run at all. With a No. 2 emery stick grind the pal­ try turning the pallet arm away from the escape wheel. let face lengthwise and then polish it, first with a 2/0 stick, As the center distance increases, the lock on the exit and finally with a 4/0. pallet should gradually decrease, while that on the entry pallet

8 Horological Times November 19 77 should remain about the same. Finally, a wheel tooth should The easiest way to arrive at that measurement is with drop off the exit pallet, and as the crutch is moved the other the incorrectly sized verge in the clock, with power on the way, the locked tooth on the entry pallet should also drop train. Now turn the verge arm in or out so that, with a wheel clear. Minor adjustments for drops, as described last month, tooth resting on the entry pallet with what looks like the may still be needed, but the escapement is now operative. right amount of lock, the let-off edge of the exit pallet just But suppose, as the center distance is increased, the meets the wheel circle. This is the position it would be in if a locks on both pallets decrease about evenly until finally both tooth had just dropped from it. of them disappear altogether and the pallets break clear of the Judgment is now needed to decide whether the span wheel, leaving it free to spin. This means the span of the of the pallet is too great or too small. If you have the old pallets is either too great or too small. original verge, there's no problem. Take your measurements Now there are several ways a verge can be opened or from it. closed beyond the minor adjustments we made last month. But if this isn't the case, try to estimate from the Both pallets can be annealed so that bending can take place method we have given how many teeth the pallet should span. at any point. The entry pallet can be rolled in or out with a Remember, the more teeth the pallet spans the closer the pal­ pair of round-nose pliers, or it can be filed shorter. The exit let body will be to the escape wheel. So try to judge whether pallet can be bent outward a few degrees to open the pallets. the larger span of a possible choice will place the pallet body But it shouldn't be bent inward, since an angle less than 90 de­ safely clear of the escape wheel. grees is likely to cause the pallet edge to ride down the tooth When you have decided on the number of teeth that face during the recoil, instead of the tooth tip sliding up the should be spanned with a tooth properly locked on the entry pallet face, as it should. pallet, look at the exit pallet. Its let-off edge in relation to the But all of that can get into a lot of profit-killing number of teeth that should lie between the pallets will tell work. While any material house prefers to fill orders by cata­ you whether the pallet span is too great or too small. log number, LaRose has shown a fine spirit of cooperation by Recheck the tooth resting on the entry pallet for the offering to take an order for a verge by measurement of the right amount of lock. Then note where the exit pallit should span in millimeters. Measurement should be from the let-off be if it were of the right span. A tooth should have just cleared edge of one pallet to the let-off edge of the other. (Continued on page 46)

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November 19 77 Horological Times 9 REPAIRING THE LCD WATCH© 1977

by Louis A. Zanoni Part 2

From the standpoint of the watchmaker and the digital than the watch company itself had the know-how to repair watch service technician, the Liquid Crystal Display is a the watches, so all watches were returned to the factory for strange component with which to deal. It has conflicting service. When the inventory of one particular display was characteristics. depleted by the repair department, a production run of the It is the easiest component to replace (next to the required display was scheduled. energy cell) and it is the most difficult component for which Now that many of the early manufacturers are no to obtain replacements. longer in business, it is almost impossible to locate a replace­ The history of the development of the LC display ment display. However, there is a bright side to this story. helps one to understand why replacement displays are not Many of the fly-by-night watch companies have fallen by the available. The first LC watch display was made by Optel Corp. wayside, leaving the larger traditional watchmakers who under­ of Princeton, New Jersey, under contract to Bulova Watch stand the need for replacement components. Co. in 1970. (See Figure 3.) It was the dynamic scattering Before you take on the task of purchasing a replace­ type which is no longer used for watch displays. In 1971 an ment display, be sure the display is faulty. There are five Ohio-based company, ILIXCO, demonstrated the first prac- primary failure modes of a display.

1. Physically damaged-broken glass 2. Contaminated liquid 3. Open segments 4. Open common 5. Damaged polarizers

No. 1 is easily identified. If the cell is cracked or broken in the liquid center or the seal area (see Figures 4 and 5), the display is permanently damaged and it should be re­ placed. If the contact pads are chipped, leaving a portion of the contact on the display, it may be repairable with silver epoxy. If the glass is chipped in any area where it doesn't interfere with the conducting pads or the liquid seal, it is Figure 3. The first liquid crystal watch display and bread perfectly good. board, designed and assembled under contract to Bulova No. 2 -Contaminated liquid. The cause of con­ Watch Company, by Optel Corp., Princeton, New Jersey- taminated liquid is not important to the service person, but 1970. it is important to be able to identify it. Therefore, I will repeat my description of the liquid as described on page 17 of tical field effect watch display, which has been used ever since the July 1977 issue of Horological Times. in all LCD watches. This development brought many experi­ menting companies into the watch display business. Each of The Liquid them designed its own size and shape display with no stan­ dardization. The reason this happened is due to the infinite The liquid crystal material in the cell is actually a fluid. It is styling capabilities of the display, and each company took a fluid whose molecules are arranged in an orderly array much advantage of that fact to create its own unique watch. in the same way as solid crystals, such as diamond, salt, and The yield from manufacturing the first displays was sugar. Just as the molecules of salt can be uniform, nonuni­ below 10%. This meant that the cost of each display was high, form, or totally random, the liquid crystal material has the which made it impractical for small companies to put aside ability to be completely uniform (all molecules arranged in the any quantity for the replacement market, especially when the same direction) or completely random. When the liquid crystal demand was greater than the supply. In addition, no one other is uniform, it has the ability to polarize and to unpolarize

10 Horological Times November 1977 ""-'! TOP POLARIZER ~ Bte~~- sTELLA. THE FINEST GLASS AND UNBREAKABLE WATCH CRYSTALS ';;~: CLEAR ADHESIVE STELLA WRA (ARMED) TENSION RING CRYSTALS A round unbreakable crystal with a metal tension ring as an in­ ~ ~ TOPGLASS tegral part of its construction. Guarantees true waterproofing. Available in 216 sizes in 1/10 mm (14.0-35.5mm) with white and yellow rings. Refills $8.00 per dozen. ~ - TRANSPARENT ~~~ · CONDUCTIVE COATING L-WRA-4 Asst. - 48 popular WRA Crystals $31.50 L-WRA-6 Asst. - 72 importantWRA Crystals $47.00 Each of the above Assortments in hinged container labelled from GLASS FRIT 14.0 - 24.4mm. WRA-3 Aut.- "t------BODOM GLASS 36 popular crystals, white and yellow rings ...... $24.50 WRA-8 Asst.- ,...- • .;'' TRANSPARENT 91 important crystals, white /"" CONDUCTIVE COATING ..... and yellow rings .... $60.00 1 METAL PLUG WRA-11 Asst.- ~ EPOXY 130 crystals, white and • , CLEAR ADHESIVE yellow rings ...... $83.50 L BACK POLARIZER Each of the above Assortments in hinged container labelled ~ ~ DI FFUSE REFLECTOR from 24.5-35.5mm. ORDER FROM YOUR WATCH MATERIAL SUPPLIER TWISTED NEMATIC FIELD EFFECT DISPLAY CRYSTAL COMPANY Figure 4. Illustration courtesy of Optel Corp., Princeton, New 653 11TH AVENUE C§) NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036 Jersey. In order to service an LC watch, it is essential to under­ stand the structure of the liquid crystal display. The display basicly consists of two pieces of glass, coated with a trans­ electric field. When the temperature returns to above 0° C, the parent conductive coating and sealed together. It is then filled material returns to its liquid crystalline state with the same with the liquid crystal liquid and plugged. Polarized light is characteristics it had before it was frozen. If the temperature required to see the effect of the voltage on the liquid. There­ of the display is raised above 60°, the liquid becomes isotropic fore, polarizers are adhered to both sides of the display, and a and loses all of its liquid crystalline properties. When the diffuse light reflector, such as aluminum foil or silver paint, temperature drops below 60° C, it will resume its normal is adhered to the back polarizer for proper light reflection. See characteristics. Figure 7 for a cross-sectional view of a sealed display. Since the polarizers of the display are mounted perpendicular to each other and the liquid crystal material rotates the polarized light 90°, the normal appearance of the display background is the color of the reflector behind it. But if the liquid crystal material loses its ability to rotate the polarized light 90°, the display will look like two crossed light, depending on the voltage applied to it. This effect is polarizers without anything in between them. It will be black. what makes the numerals visible. No light will be reflected from the background because two All liquid crystal materials have a limited tempera­ crossed polarizers are in front of it. Therefore, if any portion ture range in which they have the properties of an ordered of the liquid loses its crystalline state, the display takes on fluid. The temperature range of a typical watch display liquid the appearance of crossed polarizers in that area. crystal is usually between 0° C and 60°C (32° F and 140° F). The liquid crystal material changes to an ordinary If the display temperature drops below 0° C, the liquid in the liquid when the temperature of the display is raised above a cell will solidify into a solid which will not respond to an specific temperature, approximately 60° C. It is important S. rf?:Jf6~Inc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Ho rologists ~,IJ$7" 2J4 CoiiiiiWftt PIKe, Greelllboro, N. C. 27420, U. S. A.

November 1977 Horological Times 11 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE PADS OF l NDIUM OXIDE ON THE UNDER SIDE TOP OF THE TOP ILASS 9 EACH PAD CONNECTS eLASS ~ TO A SEPARATE SEeMENT e, ...... ~rr ...... , ~ - ~ ~ ...... ---TOP POLARIZER

OVERLAII'PIN6 CONDUCTIVE PATTERNS OF THE TOP &LASS &LASS AND THE 80TTOM &LASS FORM NUMERALS

lACK POLARIZER

3~ DIGIT LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

Figure 5. Photograph courtesy of Speidel, a division of Textron, Provi­ to an external pad. The connecting pattern is illustrated in Figure 4. dence, Rhode Island. The transparent conductors of the display are When replacing displays, be sure the external pads of the new display difficult to see under normal light conditions. By tilting the display match the pads of the faulty one. It is possible to have displays of the and looking for the light reflected from the surface of the glass, the same size, but different pad locations and identifications. pads will be visible. Note that every segment of the display is connected

to note that this temperature of the liquid, which is known as and the other doesn't, it is contaminated. The normal isotropic the isotropic temperature, can be lowered by contamination temperature varies from one manufacturer to the other. of the liquid. It is possible to contaminate any part of the It can be anywhere between 50° C and 80° C. liquid within the cell, as well as to completely destroy all If the liquid is contaminated, it cannot be repaired. liquid crystalline properties of the entire cell. The most com­ If the cell appears normal at room temperature and con­ mon failure of a display is contamination of the liquid. Since taminated at above room temperature, it is only a matter of the liquid is contaminated by moisture in the atmosphere, it time before it will no longer function at room temperature. must be completely encapsulated (sealed). If one of the fill No. 3-0pen Segments. This is the most common holes is not properly sealed, the liquid will begin to be con­ problem with the display itself. It is usually one of many con­ taminated at that point and slowly spread throughout the tact points between the display and IC. As you may recall display. If partial contamination occurs, it will be possible from my earlier description of the LCD watch, it is necessary for a watch to appear normal at room temperature and show a for the display to make contact to the zebra connector-then partial or complete contamination when the temperature of the zebra connector must make contact to the substrate-then the display is increased. For example, the watch temperature the substrate must make contact to the IC via a wire-bond, will increase while driving a car with your arm out of the win­ totaling four different contact points (see Figure 6). Any one dow with the watch in the direct sunlight. If this phenomenon of these interconnects can cause an open segment, so examine occurs, it will only be a matter of time until the display is them all carefully before taking any corrective action. The completely isotropic at room temperature. The sign of a well­ most common is uniform pressure between the display and the sealed cell is that the entire display will become isotropic at substrate. A slight amount of finger pressure in the area of exactly the same temperature. If part of the display changes the open segment contact pad usually identifies the problem

12 Horological Times November 19 77 I. WI Of~~ & ~~N~ 607 S. HILL ST. · SUITE 820 LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90014 (213) 626-1471

MODULE ASSEMBLY CROSSECTION Memo to rated jewelers.

Figure 6. The most common method of making electrical contact between the display and the substrate is the zebra connector. The zebra is never cemented to the display or substrate. It relies on pressure to make the necessary electrical connections. The pressure is generally accomplished by clamping the movement ring to the substrate by means of screws or clamps. If the screws or clamps become loose, it is ~ijAUCil~' ,.A. possible to lose contact to one or more segments of the display. There· COMPLETE STAFF AND STEM fore, tighten all screws and clamps to correct an open segment. If the CATALOGS WITH ALL module is mechanically sound, remove and clean zebras and contact pads. SUPPLEMENTS TO DATE $5.95 Postpaid PLEASE SEND CHECK WITH ORDER area. If the open segment is corrected when pressure is applied ~,_ CO!tf.o KILB +COMPANY to the display, it can be assumed the display is OK and the ~ ':'I. :.:: 't- contacts are at fault. o( 623 N. Second St. -~~~ Due to the many different mechanical designs, it is P.O . Drawer 8-A difficult to recommend a specific repair procedure, so examine 'UV13 Milwaukee. WI 53201 ~w the structure carefully and make adjustments to the support """''""" structure accordingly. If a spring clip is used to hold down the display, it may have to be reshaped. If screws are used these two effects will be noticeable. All segments will be on, to hold it all together, the screws may need tightening. It is but some segments will be darker than all of the others. also possible that the case and case back are distorting the Once the problem has been identified as an open module causing an open segment. Once you have located the common, the task of determining which one of the contact problem, the solution is up to your imagination and ingenuity. points is faulty begins. Most display common contacts are in No. 4-0pen Common. An open common is a display the lower left hand corner of the display. (One of the few failure mode that is usually associated with the Integrated standard practices of the display manufacturers.) Therefore, if Circuit and not recognized· as a display problem. A display an open common is suspected, the first thing to do is to press open common connection can occur at any one of the same gently on the display in the area of the open common (the four interconnects between the display and the IC as an open lower left hand corner). If the numbers appear normal when segment problem. One other point where this can occur is pressure is applied to the display, you can be sure there is a common connection between the top and bottom glass of the bad contact in one of the connections under the display. There display (see Figure 4). An open common connection appears are three possible open contact points under the display: the different than an open segment. An open common affects all common connection between the two pieces of glass, the con­ the segments of the display. In some modules all segments will nection between the pad of the display and the zebra, and the be activated. Every segment of the display will get dark. In contact point between the zebra and the substrate (see Fig­ others, only the segments that are not supposed to be on will ure 6). Since all three of these points are under the left hand be dark and all the segments that are supposed to be on will be corner, it is difficult to know which contact is being corrected off. Much like a negative image. On occasion, a combination of when pressure is applied to this portion of the glass. There-

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November 19 77 Horological Times 13 fore , the first thing to do is to eliminate the obvious prob­ lems, like a loose retainer spring or hold-down screw, by L t Q U10 checking these points. If that corrects the problem, make sure C\V$TA.l. you take precautions so that it won't happen again. This kind I TiiANSfiAR.ENT P6L.A AIZ€Ft I TOP GLASS of problem has a tendency to reoccur. It is usually due to ~ ~ ~~___.·~.C~~~~~~~~=:~~%:==~-i poor design. Use shims, if necessary, to obtain sufficient DIGPLAV BOTTOM GLASS . :JBLAMII'' ~A NOE'SCENT pressure between the display, zebra, and substrate. 1 +15UN 5 P~ fi:EN'i P&: Ai!ilrrA I -~ ;-:; An open common connection between the top and 9 bottom glass (see Figure 4) is not easily identified. The meth­ I l GLASS OR PLAS"IlC J - $;1!'6~" od I found most helpful was to apply local pressure to the IRR E GULAR SPECULAR LIGHT L METALIZEO glass of the display (not the clamping spring or frame) with 'GCAT TERINO SURFACE a ball-point pen, directly over the common connection. If the SURFAC E DISPLAY- LIGH T P AN E L CROSSE CTION display returns to normal when a slight amount of pressure is placed on the glass at the common contact point, there is a good chance the display is faulty . Keep in mind that the problem can also be corrected by applying more pressure to Figure 7. The light panel is usually a glass or plastic panel, the the hold-down frame. The amount of pressure is the deter­ size of the display, and located behind the display. The illumina­ mining factor in identifying an open common contact between tion is achieved by an incandescent lamp mounted at the end of glasses of the display or a poor zebra contact. It usually re­ the glass. When it is turned on, the light travels down the glass quires more pressure to correct a bad zebra contact than it and is reflected off of the specular surface and illuminates the does to correct a poor contact between the glasses. light-scattering surface, which makes the display visible in low A poor zebra contact can be corrected by adjusting light conditions. Both polarizers must be transparent for the the pressu re between the display and the substrate, or cleaning the zebras and U1eir contact points; the same as would be done light from the light panel to pass through them to the viewer. for an open segment. The module without a night-light panel has a reflector on the An open common on the display can be corrected by bottom side of the bottom polarizer. See Figure 4 for the rem oving the display from the module and locating the com­ reffective type display. mon contact point between top and bottom glass. It is usually in the lower left hand corner, although it doesn't have to be. When the contact point has been identified (it ma y requ ire a microscope), look for the transparent conductor of each g1ass and locate a spot where they overlap and extend to the end of be destroyed by most solvents, including water. If the dye is the glass. If the top and bottom common conductors over­ damaged by solvents or moisture, it will become clear and will lap and extend beyond the seal, it is possible to force a small not polarize light. The acetate layer is soft plastic and can be amount of silver epoxy in the opening between the two easily scratched. Be careful not 1.0 handle it with sharp tools. A glasses. Be sure to remove all excess conductive epoxy from scratch on either top or bottom polarizer is visible in the the display pads. It can cause a short between segments. finished watch. The safest method of cleaning the polarizer No. 5-Damaged Polarizers-As described earlier and film is with Rodico. Press it onto the surface to remove any illustrated in Figures 4 and 7, two polarizers are required to dirt, lint, or fingerprints. If necessary, it is possible to clean view the twisted nematic liquid crystal display, one transparent only the acetate surface of the polarizer with diluted alcohol on top of the display, and a transparent or reflective type on or a mild detergent. Use a cotton swab and small amounts of the bottom of the display. solution. Do not contact the dye film. Whenever chemicals or The transparent polarizer is a thin sheet of plastic, water are used to clean the acetate, be sure to test the effects .006 in. or .011 in. thick. It is made up of an .001 in. thick of the solution on a nonvisible portion of the acetate. film of an organic dichroic dye which has the ability to absorb The reflective type polarizer is used in a nonlighted all light except that which is polarized in one direction. This watch. It is a reflective film on the back of the back polarizer. film is deposited on a .005 in. thick clear acetate film for It is either a paint, foil, or white plastic. These reflectors are mechanical support. It is also manufactured with the organic easily damaged and the slightest scratch is visible from the dye sandwiched between two layers of acetate. Its total thick­ front of the display. This surface is not practical to clean. If ness is .011 in. Polarizer sunglasses are made in the same way it or the top polarizer is seriously damaged, it should be except the acetate is much thicker. replaced. Zantech, Inc. does stock replacement polarizers in The .006 in. thick polarizer is usually cemented to sheet form with and without adhesive. the glass of the display. The transparent contact adhesive (similar to the many transparent adhesive tapes on the market) Section VI-The Case usually bonds the dye side of the pola rizer to the glass. This protects the dye from moisture an d physical damage. The The case is an important part of the electrical circuit of most .011 in. thick polarizer is heavier and self-supporting. It js quartz watches. It serves to complete the circuit from the bat­ usually hel d in place mechanically. When disassembling an tery contact to the time-setting and night-light switches. Some LCD watch, be su re to replace any loose polarizer. The display designs use the buttons of the case as the mechanical force will not be visible without it. to activate two contacts within the module. The two types Since the acetate and the polarizing dye are organic films of plastic, they are easily damaged. The organic dye can (Continued on page 46)

November 1977 14 Horological Times '

••• I• USE ONLY GENUINE ACCUTRON; BULOVA~ CARAVELLE® POWER CELLS ...

Only power cells specifically designed and manufactured for Accutron, Bulova and Caravelle watches should be used ...

, , ,.., I ~ .. , IG 1 m nP \ - ::::1 . • LOV" '"'":=.~ ,'"'==- I · -=~.,..

Put yourself in your customer's greater drainage are not in­ place. Which replacement cell cluded.) Each Accutron/Bulova would you want in your Accutron power cell goes through quality or Bulova watch. control no substitute or imitation These power cells go through quality controls cell can even approach. A Would you want a substitute no subsitute or Imitation cell can even approach. scientific aging process that culls power cell at a savings of A scientific aging process that culls out defective out defective cells. Sophisticated pennies? Or a power cell cells. Sophisticated electronic testing including testing of protective barriers that prevent leakage. electronic testing. Including specifically designed and testing of the cells unique Power cells distributed in the genuine Bulova manufactured for an Accutron or protective barriers that prevent Bulova by the manufacturers of package by your authorized Bulova Material Sales distributor are made to these Bulova rigid leakage. the Accutron/Bulova watch. specifications. Remember, a substitute cell We think your choice as a PLEASE REMEMBER, a subsitute battery that that leaks into and corrodes an leaks and corrodes an Accutron, Bulova or customer would be obvious. Accutron/Bulova movement can Which is obviously why it should Caravelle movement can cost you money and reputation. And that isn't covered by the Bulova lose you money and reputation. also be your choice as a guarantee. And that loss isn't covered by the watchmaker. Bulova guarantee. Not all Bu/ova Power Cells are shown Only the Accutron/Bulova power cell is made especially for Accutron/Bulova Why take chances? Why not treat your customer watches. And they have an awful lot going for them. like you'd treat yourself. With the only power cell And for you. specifically designed for the Accutron/Bulova watch. They're guaranteed for twelve months from date The Accutron/Bulova power cell. of installation. (LED and LCD cells which have Genuine Accutron and Bulova Power Cells are available at all authorized Bulova Material Sales distributors. BULOVA WATCH COMPANY MATERIAL SALES DIVISION 62-1 0 Woodside Avenue, Woodside, New York 11 377 November 19 77 Horological Times 15 UPRIGHTING THE BARREL

by Harold J. Herman CMW

Part 2 and Conclusion

The October issue article ended with "never, never the use of the round face punch to close the hole in the barrel bridge where the barrel arbor rides." To see what would happen should the round face punch be used, the solid oval line in Figure 1 shows the shape of the worn hole in the bridge. The dash line shows the bridge hole before it has worn. The only truth that we can start from is the half circle from the 6 o'clock position to the 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , and 12 positions. A round face punch would close the hole rather equally around its circum­ ference indicated by the dotted line. But since it also moves brass in from the 9 o'clock position side, the upright tr uth has been altered and lost forever. If the bridge is broached to allow it to accept the barrel arbor, a 12 degree out of upright will be generally corrected only half of what it should, or 6 degrees. So that round face punch you see in Figure 2 at the 10 o'clock position can be forever forgotten when it comes to barrel uprighting. The punch that can do a fine job is shown at 7 o'clock in Figure 2. This pointed punch moves metal in a measured and contained area. In Figure 3, this punch is used as a pointer to show the dished-out area of the ratchet wheel recess in Figure 2.

The Truth '. ··"- ···.\ ·. \ "J _: )

~ ~ ......

Figure 1. Figure 3.

November 1977 16 Horological Times the barrel bridge. The portion of the hole in the bridge that is most worn is closest to the dish. Figure 4 shows the staking tool with a solid stump on ElELTR[]~U~ L\lfllLHES the bottom and the pointed punch on top. It is positioned between the center of the dished-out area and the imaginary .... REQUIRE POWER center of the hole. The distance the punch is positioned from the edge of the hole and how hard lt is tapped is learned only ~l!-St INC. • offers a complete kit of power cells for electronic watches that generates profit .

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through practice and experience. The first position hammer blow or blows should be greater than those on either side of it, as shown in Figure 5. The reason (Figure 1) is that more metal must be moved at the 3 o'clock position than at the 1:30 or 4:30 positions. Later in this article, important instructions will be given for final fitting and dressing of the hole in the bridge. Back to Figure 2, the partially homemade punch is at the 3 o'clock position. It was a bell-shaped punch with the bell diameter of about 2.5 mm. To alter the punch, draw it to a blue color, chuck it in the lathe, and lock it with the lathe locking pin. File off about two-thirds of the circumference of the punch. Harden it and draw it to light straw to straw. If the punch is not dipped in hydrochloric acid to brighten it, it will easily stand out in the staking box for easy identification. Two other bell punches, one larger and one smaller, should be Figure 5. altered in the same manner. All uprighting jobs should be covered with the homemade assortment of three punches. In Figure 6, the punch is being used much as the pointed punch was used in previous illustrations. The very important idea is that when selecting a punch, be sure that the

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November 1977 Horological Times 17 Figure 6. Figure 8. arc of the punch is greater than the arc of the hole to be Try the fit to the barrel arbor until it fits snugly. Broach with closed. After the bridge is positioned in the staking tool, the a burnishing broach. Basically, the truth has not been dis­ punch will have to be struck with much more force than was turbed. used with the pointed punch. The procedure just outlined does not take the place Figure 7 shows the result of the homemade bell of a jewel or a bushing, but it does make for a very workable punch. The beautiful part is that once a touch is developed, timepiece that has been restored as nearly as possible to its the final fitting of the barrel arbor is not always necessary. original condition. Of concern to some may be on which side And now, for the final fitting and dressing of the hole the work should be accomplished, the top or the bottom of in the barrel bridge, accomplished with, of all things, a reamer. the barrel bridge. This writer, after many years of uprighting, We stated previously that we should never, never use a round has never made a decision. face punch. It is equally important that we do not use a Don't forget the truth of the hole. cutting broach. The reamer, Figure 8, should be positioned so that its flat face points directly at the dished-out portion of the bridge. It should not be seated tightly into the hole. And unlike using the reamer to fit friction jewels, it is not turned in a continuous circular motion. Turn it one-half circle The author has shown photographs of an Omega or 180 degrees and raise it out of the hole. Reposition the calibre 330 series barrel bridge. In no way is it in­ reamer once again and once again turn it one-half circle. tended to intimate that Omega is the only or main watch which shows wear. Most all self-winding watches did that were manufactured during that era. Recent Omega watches are fitted with bushings, and after hundreds of these newer models had been serviced, not one has been found to be worn.

0

Look back to page 2 of the August 1977 issue of Horological Times. Boxed on the page is a special re­ quest. Please help your Institute!

Figure 7.

18 Horological Times November 19 77 HONOR ROLL

We acknowledge the following contributions Max Sandler Robert Phillip to the AWl Building Fund. Charles C. Starks Ewell D. Hartman Contributions to the AWI Building Darrell Archer Donald L. Cullison Fund are tax deductible, and will aid in the Ramon Rubalcaba Eric R. Samuel retirement of our building indebtedness. Central Illinois Watchmakers Association, Robert G. Bruckhart Each contribution will be noted by a Chapter No. 29 Larry Burnworth listing in the Honor Roll column of the HORO­ Bay Area Watchmaker's Guild (in memory Alice Phillip LOGICAL TIMES. Contributions of $25.00 of Arthur Lowman) Marshall Richmond or more will be acknowledged on a plaque C.E. Colley Karl Buttner which will be permanently displayed in the new Greater Miami Watchmakers Guild (Florida) Willard Blakley AWl building. L.K. Truscott III Joe D. Perkins Contributions can be sent to: Sean C. (Pat) Monk Clarence Goins Jacque R. Lingenfelter W. Kelly Owen Building Fund Joseph G. Baier, Ph.D. Intertime AWl Central Stanley G. House & Associates, Inc. Clinton Aderman (in honor of Jim Dodson) 3700 Harrison Avenue Art Nichols Watchmakers of Switzerland Cincinnati, Ohio 45211 Robert B. Bradley Emil Raninen W.H. Haeseler AI Finch Clinton Aderman Jack Schecter Paul Fisk Wesley R. Door Alfred F. Gruenig Bob Allis James L. Tigner Florida State Watchmakers Association, J .R. Burdette Benjamin Matz Chapter No. 9 Florida State Watchmakers Association Orville R. Hagans William F. Martinek (in memory of Thelma Bricker) Josephine F. Hagans Gail Steve Grover Angelo L. Carucci Leslie L. Smith Fred Martell Grover Clay H. Johnson, Jr. Francis C. Norris Zell S. Grover Clyde E. Sherman J .M. Foreman, Jr. Martell R. Grover David L. Klemke Roy Prim Stefania Renzetti Dewey Blair Seiko Time Corporation Walter Renzetti Garland R. Stotts Edward A.J. McAdams Joe Schelbar Watchmakers Association of Pennsylvania James H. Broughton Harry Honigsber John M. Backstrom Albert B. Gonzales Horological Association of California (in Central Florida Watchmakers Guild (in Mrs. James Hill memory of Frederick Joplin and memory of Thelma Bricker) Mrs. Frank Henderson Charles Snow) Leroy C. Bier (in memory of Alfred New York State Watchmakers Association Albert W. Brehl Schroeder) (in memory of James Hill and Frank Maurice D. Lareau Eugene E. Augustin Henderson) Henry B. Fried Northeast Iowa Watchmakers Guild Harold Case William A. Sharp Coastal Plain Watchmakers Guild Milton C. Stevens Bay Area Watchmakers Guild Dieter H.J. Baier Russell R. White Tadami Miyamoto Carl E. Davis Robert A. Vandegriff Kenneth E. Drake Kenneth P. Eaton George T. Gruen Robert R. Gable Stanley Vomacka Cas-Ker Company Alfonso J. DePasquale Harold J. March William E. Lilley Watchmakers Association of Ohio, Chapter Albert D. Margolis Cincinnati Watchmakers Guild, Chapter 20 No.4 San Diego Watchmakers Guild Harold K. Calvert Massachusetts Watchmakers Association, Horological Society of New York (in memory John Hughes Chapter No. 23 of James J. O'Shaughnessy) Gerald G. Jaeger Shizu Diane Imai Raymond E. Pavkov Harold J. Herman George R. Hoyt Charles L. Nisperos Hamilton E. Pease Watchmakers Association of New Jersey Peter Zwern Madison Area Watchmakers Guild (Wis- John Oelund (in memory of his late father, Viola Zwern consin) Johannes Christian Oelund) Ray Rennemeyer Warren E. Rogers John U. Kreitler Lawrence William Edwards George T. Lewis The Central Ohio Watchmakers Guild A. J. Strobel Mark L. Thompson Calvin E. Sustachek George D. Paine Marvin Whitney Henry Frystak Esslinger & Company Dorothy M. Aderman John R. Cassedy NAWCC Chapter No. 2 Joe Crooks Charles H. Mann Chapter No. 10-Wisconsin Licensed Watch­ A. Gray Lawrence maker's Association Gene Kelton Thomas H. Imai Alvin I. Rudnick Robert A. Nelson William 0 . Smith, Jr.

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November 19 77 Horological Times 19 Essence of Clock Repair by Sean C. "Pat" Monk CMW

THE ENGLISH SKELETON CLOCK Part XXVII

There are a vast number of varieties and a good many formu­ las with these clocks. Most are mounted on bases of marble (to match the Victorian English fireplaces), hardwood, and other such solid materials. However, skeleton clocks came into being in France (not in England as many suspect and expect) around the year 1750. The English skeleton was probably first contrived about 1820 and they were manu­ factured as a commercial enterprise in a number of English and some Scotch towns; the main manufacturing center was in

\II il''j ...... _ ,~' ~ -~.. .;· l "' -... :J~orT"-..~"' .. =- · Figure 2.

hand-engraved designs and hand-engraved dials, the latter sometimes of solid silver, or silver-plated. Generally, the clocks were mounted under glass domes, some round and many oval. If you have a skeleton clock with the original dome, be careful not to break it. The oval domes are especially hard to get, as can be testified by museum experts like Orville Hagans and others like myself. I had to go all the way to an old clockshop down in the southwest corner of England to get (with luck) a close ap­ proximate oval dome to replace one broken by a cleaning lady. In England, a variety of glass domes, both round and oval, may also be obtained from Beech & Son, Ltd., Swanley, Kent, England. They will pack and ship direct. In discussing the problem of the glass domes I have Figure 1. undoubtedly put the cart before the horse. However, this and around London. They were and still are very fine works of point is important, as the clock's value is greatly reduced mechanical engineering. Most were installed with "fusee without a corresponding dome for the base. work," which we shall discuss. Most were 8-day, although The name on the clock, if any, is probably that of there were many made to run for a month and some for as the retailer who sold it and not that of the actual maker. long as 3 months. Some were made with musical attachments. This brings us to the question: "Did apprentices specifically However, our brief discussion shall be limited to the simple make them?". William Congreve, the famous English clock­ 8-day clock, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. maker, certainly made some himself, some samples of which The skeletons have pierced brass plates, often with are currently located in Buckingham Palace.

20 Horological Times November 1977 The fact that few of the "skeletons" ever bore the names of their makers, trademarks, or other identification marks, is probably behind the thinking that they were pri­ a_ssoci~ted with marily the work of "apprentices." The apprentices, of course, KIENZLE t1me smce 1822 executed the standard cutting, drilling, inside frame-filing to direct scribed lines, scribing of holes, draw-filing, and fine Battery Operated {1.5v) finishing of the plates. Nevertheless, there are many clock experts, including our own AWI authority on such, Bob Phillip, CMW, CMC, FBHI, who operates the Ontario Museum CLOCK MOVEMENTS of Time at Cookstown, Ontario, Canada, who dispute this theory. Bob shares the opinion that the skeletons were not primarily the work of the apprentices. My own opinion is that if they were not, then they certainly should have been, for the precise reasons just stated. However, too many valuable records testifying to the authority and origin of these unique clocks were destroyed during the days of the London blitz in 1940-43. After World War II, most of the remaining makers had left the craft. At present, Thwaites Reed, London, Quartz Movements Electronic Movements & (4, 1943 Megahertz) seem to be the only small-scale commercial producers of a (5 Hz-36,000 per/hr) • Standard 12 Hour • Standard 12 Hour facsimile skeleton. Of course, there are a few other "limited • 24 Hour • 24 Hour edition" manufacturers, mostly English. • Day Date • Bell (1 strike per/Hr) • Pendulum • Pendulum Let us go now to the very heart of the clock, the (8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 21 ") fusee and chain. Except where rack snail and strike mecha­ (8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 21 ") nisms are added, the train consists of a great wheel (barrel), All clock movements, self­ Kienzle manufactures the fusee, two intermediate wheels and the escape wheel. starting, with or without and services a complete line sweep, 17 .Smm or 22mm of Movements, Automobile (.689" or .866") center shaft. Clocks, Timers, Wall and Complete with fittings. Desk Clocks and Watches . Immediate delivery. Call or write for details. KIENZLE TIME CORP., INC. co -iT_ 3334 Commercial Ave., Northbrook, Ill. 60062 ~rreiHook Fusee Hook Phones: 312/564-1707 Telex: 72-4461 Specific Chain Hookings The escapement is of the "dead beat" anchor pallet type and I therefore reliable and accurate, as has been discussed in ~----- "c" (extended) previous articles. The fusee is actually a mathematically precise curve which allows the torque about axis "a" (Figure 3) to be at an approximate constant, regardless of the position of the mainspring in its barrel. Therefore, when the mainspring is unwound and its own torque is at a minimum, the chain is :~~i~i~-~:~::· arranged to reside on the largest ferrule of the fusee. This is about axis "b," shown also in Figure 3. A certain amount : J Fusee Stop Lever of initial tension is applied at this point, which we shall I ~Toe) discuss. Conversely, however, when the mainspring is fully I I I wound, the chain is arranged to reside on the smallest ferrule '-- "b" ~ ...J.r_ "c" (Operating Axis) of the fusee. This is about axis "c," shown again in Figure 3. Going back to our school days wherein some will remember the basic "law of moments, we must return to Diagrammatic Sketch of Fusee Axes the principle that the force operating on a lever about an axis of a certain length shall equal that of another force operating Figure 3. about the same axis ("a") provided that the multiplication (Continued on page 4 7) S. (UaiM~~lnc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Horologists ~\ I Uz>" 134 CoiiiJIIelft P ..ce, GreeMboro, N. C. 17410, U.S. A.

November 1977 Horological Times 21 FROM THE ORVILLE R. HAGANS MANUSCRIPT AND PHOTO LIBRARY

McCLINTOCK CLOCK AND CHIMES

On display in the AWl Museum is an unusual clock and chimes, a gift from Charles M. Stevenson, Arvada, Colorado. This interesting clock was made by the O.B. McClintock Clock Co., formerly located in Hopkins, Minnesota. To date we have been unable to find any published material stating the year in which this company was established, or any pertinent informa­ tion on O.B. McClintock himself. However, we do have company literature which states "since 1908." We know that the McClintock clock now in the Museum was originally purchased by a bank and the bill of sale is dated 1920. A brief listing in Brooks Palmer's Book of American Clocks states "at work, 1945, electric clocks." McClintock Clock Company was sold to Diebold, Inc., manufacturers of security alarm equipment over 30 years ago, and continued the McClintock Co. as the Chime Clock Division of Protection Equipment Co. The McClintock clock incorporated alarm systems; chimes were optional. Most banks purchasing the master clock included the chime section for installation in their outside clocks, which were 2, 3, or 4 dial, mounted on the building or in street clocks. The clocks varied in price depending on number of dials, illuminated signs, plus size of clock and chimes. A clock 10 ft high, 69 in. wide and 28 in. deep, known as "Keasing­ ton" model, with time and temperature, listed for $11,360.00, chimes extra. We do not have a price list for chimes, but it must have been considerable due to additional cost for installation of large tubes and complicated wiring. The master clock movements were especially made for McClintock by Seth Thomas Clock Company, Thomaston, Connecticut.

Master clock and chimes.

22 Horological Times November 1977 Clock Description "THE BEST MAINSPRING LUBRICANT The case is walnut, measures 3 ft 10 in. high by 171h. in. wide IS KEYSTONE'S" by 107:\ in. wide and weighs 70 lbs. 1/a!ed hy the late jesse E. Coleman The movement is No. 2455, Model85E, Seth Thomas Custom, and electric strike plate No. 2362B. Time move­ LIGHT, MEDIUM, OR HEAVY VISCOSITY ment is 8 by 5 in. and it has two time springs 1h. in. in width. (Medium most popular) Chime movement is 81h. in. by 7 in. and it has two springs 1 in. 8 oz.- $4.00 EACH in width. Steel frame for movement is 21 in. in length. Weight CLOCK PIVOT OIL of movements and frame is 21 lbs. after years of testing we can claim this oil to hove the very best of The transformer to take the place of batteries is lubricating qualities mounted in recess in the top of the case; spark eliminator is 2 oz.- $4.00 EACH in the lower case. Weight is 8 lbs. ANY THREE OF ABOVE- $10.00 POSTPAID There are five chime tubes, 2 in. in diameter, and KEYSTONE SALES, LTD. 7250 TELLER ST. ARVADA, COLORADO 80003 they measure in length from 4 ft. 8 in. down to 3 ft 21h. in. Magnet and hammer rack measure 26 3/8 in.; chime rack

Side view of movements. Master clock time movement.

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November 19 77 Horological Times 23 "'~ !~ ., .. , ..:: .:! - ~ :t ... 0 w \J .; ~ 2 Q( ,..•J -.. .., ,. w ...... :I: • ~ ~ ~ . ·-~ ~ u 1 .. (" Cl) ;) ! -4 1 ~ ~ ~. \J (!;I :X .. .. . t:i z .J ...... ' .::.. ·~ ~ .... a: .. . .2 ~ .... .,.. ...C) s: c:a 1: c. ~ ... ~ ~ (,) f: 0 ...J r u 't a: .....I w 1- Cl) <( I 2 )~ I L------, ~ I L ·-- - · - - · ..... "~ l- ~ ---l ' ... , ..~ I ~ ~:: ~ .i~~ ~ .. -::) I I . -- ·: "> ~ ~ ~ 4 I I L ___ _;,_ ~~! T~ 1r - I _AL:.------~ ..:.~ ~.,.._ __-::f. ___ S I-Z7_:£A__ ,...., 0 8 ·"'' (L-IN 1'0, K '0 p~\NN . "'' ~Till-'4~ 1 M•~•lrA~L ~'" I'J ~::Acto Mt ilL "/ 'f.lrR.,,..4 Dl.'tGRM OF{'_ T~t~OOIAL CI.~,.'\~CII!NC ";1- 0 1'10 l..l~J : .: ::rrEI?'r _____L ______.______"I'm calling COSMO toll free to place an order for clock movements. I'm glad they're covered by your new 2 year guarantee. Please ship them from your new West Coast warehouse." 13~D~

NEW TOLL FREE NUMBER: 800-645-2842 Since 1955 W h America's largest distributor of are ouses On BATTERY cLOCK MOVEMENTS East & West Coast.

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Front view magnet hammer control. Back view magnet hammer control

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November 19 77 Horological Times 25 EJB 6/1/32 0. B. McCLINTOCK CO. CHIMES EJB -

~ :2 e Quarter Hour Cathedral Peal Westminster 0 11 £c 0

~~ ~ LJ ~~ u Half Hour Reveille Peal Wellington ll~c L=> (._) ~~

0 u ld u C:J 0 Three Quarter Hour Whittington 0 ~:2 u !We 0 0 0

Hour ~~eo G ~2 (_) C) (_) u ~L e e (_) Westminster ~B e e e

26 3/8 in.; and 50 ft. heavy insulated wire cable. The complete chime assembly weights lOllbs. The case for the chime assembly was made in Cin­ cinnati and is solid cherry wood with plexiglass front and back. The combined weight of the master clock and chimes is over 200 lbs. During the June 24 meeting in Cincinnati at the AWI Museum, attended by over ninety members and their spouses, a number of people commented that the chimes did not "sound" right, so let us explain the unusual chiming sequence. Note the chime chart shown- quarter hour, Cathedral Peal Westminster; half hour, Reveille Peal Wellington; three-quarter hour, Whittington; hour, Westminster. With this explanation we hope those present now feel reHeved to know the Curator did not make an error in setting up the chimes; they were made that way. The clock was overhauled and rebuilt by O.R. Hagans who is Curator of the AWl Museum. We hope that among our readers there are those who can furnish more information regarding the O.B. McClintock Clock Co. to help us make a more complete historical file on this company. Send information to Curator, AWl Museum, 6930 E. Girard Avenue, Denver, CO 80224. 0

Master clock and chime movements.

26 Horological Times November 19 77 DATE OF MANUFACTURE small things come in LONGINES MOVEMENTS good packages Movement Nos. Year of Manufacture One glance will tell you exactly what you have in 1 1867 stock with this assortment of round, faceted synthetic 250.000 1882 birthstones. N o more diamond 500.000 1888 papers; instant access to stones. The kit comes in a leatherette ca ~ 750.000 1893 • SB-lOl -- containing 72 plastic bottles and a chart identifying 1.000.000 1899 the contents of each. Each bottle holds up to 200 stones. Sixty bottles are filled with 3 stones of each month in only the most useful and 1.250.000 1901 popular sizes: 2, 2 ~. 3, 3 ~ . and 4 mm. Twelve bottles are left empty for other use.

1.500.000 1904 12 14)233-7725 1.750.000 1905 13750 Neutron Road 2.000.000 • THE GOULD COMpiNY Dallas, Texas 75240 1907 Call toll free: (800) 492-4104 - Texas 2.250.000 1909 - (800) 527-4655 - Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi , Missouri, Oklahoma- 2.500.000 1911 2.750.000 1912 3.000.000 1913 Do You Know 3.250.000 1915 WATCH/JEWELRY REPAIR AND STONE SETTING 3.500.000 1917 Tuition: $1rl.OO per month 3.750.000 1919 Fully Accreditelll-llldilldual Instruction 4.000.000 1922 28 Years of Sarveoe to Industry KILGORE COLLEGE 4.250.000 1925 1100 Broadway, Kilgore, Tex. 75662 - Ph. 214-984-8531 4.500.000 1926 4.750.000 1928 5.000.000 1929 5.250.000 1934 5.250.000 1934 RJA PROTESTS INCREASE OF DUTY -FREE 5.500.000 1937 ALLOWANCE 5.750.000 1938 6.000.000 1940 In a communication with the Chairman of the House Com­ mittee on Ways and Means, Retail Jewelers of America, Inc. (RJA) has expressed the Association's opposition to pending legislation which would increase the duty-free allowance for American travelers returning from abroad. LINDY'S WATCH The present duty-free limitation is $100.00. "Any increase in this limit," states RJA's legislative counsel Sheldon A 1927 "Lone Eagle" watch identical London, "would encourage American travelers to buy watches to the one worn by Charles A. Lind­ and other items of jewelry abroad, and this would adversely bergh on his flight from New York to impact jewelry retailers who would otherwise be the source Paris, May 20-21, 1927, is pictured. for these purchases." This watch, purchased from a New The pending legislation, H.R. 8149, proposes a two­ York jeweler by Louis Eichen in 1927, step increase in the duty-free limitation to $250.00. This, was presented to William Eichen, his according to London, would result in the spending of at least son, as a birthday present. It is still $7 50 billion abroad each year, marking a significant change in in operating condition, but the original American policy to one of encouraging U.S. citizens to make flexible link band bracelet has been major purchases abroad, rather than in this country. replaced. This photo has not been RJA has requested that its opposition to H.R. 8249 retouched. be considered as part of the hearing record. D

S. ru:m~Inc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Horologists ~/ 2J4 Conunen:• PIKe, Greelllboro, N. C. 27420, U. S. A.

November 1977 Horological Times 27 CAS-KER CO. ESSLINGER & CO. EWING BROS. ' TvAUJ 333Sibley P.O . Box 2347 P.O. Box 445 P. 0. Box 43561 ~AI Tucker. Georgia 30084 Cincinnati. Ohio 45201 St. Paul, Minnesota 55164 Ohio (513) 241-7073 Call Toll Free 800-328-9366 Georgia: 1-800-282-9220 National 1-800-543-0408 In Minn. call collect 612-224-3348 Other States: 1-800-241-9081 CR~

'Zflba 141/ala ~? ... "Z'al« ~ 14 (fie~~~~ (1.

• YOU NEED PROFESSION­ First ••• n check the features on this Al EQUIPMENT TO PRO­ DUCE PROFESSIONAL su~t~IQB] Polisher and Dust Collector WORK. The 3,450 RPM, --- 1/3 HP. motor provides [B' Top is removed the speed and power need­ by snapping open latches - no screws ed to buff to a high polish. to remove .

[B' The hood is con- • KEEP YOUR SHOP CLEAN. stru~ted to . provide v max1mum a1r move- ' ment and create a Dust and lint should not powerful suction so that dust, lint and be all over the shop nor in polishing powders are removed from the air, your lungs. The indepen­ keeping your throat, lungs and your shop dent fan motor, with two dust free, blowers and big intake holes, puts this mess into the filters. Your old filters become a cash asset [B' 1/3 h.p. motor, 3,450 R.P.M., 5" shaft height (other motors are available) when sent to a refiner. [B' Big in"take holes positioned directly behind the arbor shaft so even the longest ring buff may be used. • SAVE FREIGHT CHARGES. From now until December 25, 19n, your VALU-CRAFT'M Inside View of Dust Collector DEALER will pay the freight charge right to your door!

BUY NOW! Save on freight costs and have this mach­ [B' Easi ly replaceable ine working for you be­ fiberglass filter tween now and Christmas. positioned ahead of fan blowers -protects . . . And Now Check the Price! $203?5 [Y] blowers. [B' Constructed of 16 gauge (,062") sheet metal and FREIGHT PRE-PAID BY YOUR VALU-CRAFT DEALER painted in a hammertone finish. Measures 32" wide, In the 48 Contiguous States I 0" high and 21" deep. Mounted on rubber feet to pre· vent slipping.

No. VC-765- Complete with 1/ 3 h.p. motor, ship. wgt. 661bs.

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY: ADVERTISED ITEMS ARE CAS-KER CO. ESSLINGER & CO. EWING BROS. VAi P.O. Box 2347 P. 0. Box 43561 P.O. Box 445 Cincinnati, Ohio 45201 St. Paul, Minnesota 55164 Tucker, Georgia 30084 Cru

28 Horological Times November 19 77 E-PI..USFROM LANGERT BROS. MAYER BROS. THE NEST COMPANY 915 Olive Street LT T. 1 620 W . Camelback Road P.O. Box 750, Seattle, Wash. 98111 P.O . Box 27487 Wash. : 800-552-7415 St. Louis. Missouri 63101 T.M. Phoenix. Arizona 85061 Other States: 800-426-0800 Wats Lines Arizona: 1-800-352-0398 P.O. Box 3423, Portland, Ore. 97208 Mo.: 800-293-7741 JfT Other States: 1-800-528-0331 Ore.: 80~52-1331 National Other States: 800-547-1257 800-325-7090

,. de~~, ~ (6 ~ rpue tAe de4t tl4l«e4 at tAe ~ /J&J.dte e&U PROTECTO WATCH DOMES WITH WOOD BASES AND GLASS TOPS A better quality dome specially designed for proper display of antique pocket watches and other mementos. Turned wooden base with felt pads covered with the sparkling beauty in crystal glass. Brass hook attached to base-Available-Walnut or Mahogany. RETAIL $7.95

TREASURE DOMES Created in crystal clear lucite with hanger attached at the top-A heirloom watch becomes a useful modern timepiece for a very nominal cost. Makes an excellent showcase for medals and collectors items-Available in Walnut, Mahogany and Ebony. RETAIL $5.00

REMEMBRANCE TROPHIES Made of solid brass or nickel plate-highly polished and lacquered. Adjustable to fit most sizes-the most beautiful way to remember a cherished keepsake. For home, office or gift-Also available for watches that wind at three. RETAIL $13.95 Polished Brass RETAIL $15.95 Nickel Plate Please send the following Charge My Account D Check Enclosed D D VC 765 Polisher and Dust Collector $203.75 Freight Prepaid Until Dec. 25, 1977 ______Protecto Domes@ $3.95 Treas. Domes@ $2.50 ______Brass Trophy@ $7.00 Nickel Trophy@ $8.00 Name Store ______Address City State Zip ___ ; IN STOCK AT ALLVALU CRAFT DISTRIBUTORS

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November 1977 Horological Times 29 Advanced Horology FOR THE YOUNG WATCHMAKER by William 0. Smith, Jr.

Missing Gear Calculations the fourth wheel (T4) is the fourth or last driver. Likewise, the first driven is the center pinion (q); the second driven is If a wheel or pinion is missing in a mechanism, the number the third wheel pinion (t2); the third driven is the fourth of teeth on the gear may be determined by using the equation: wheel pinion (t3); and the last driven is the escape wheel pinion (t4). R Tt T2 T3 ... = r t1 t2 t3 ... (Eq. 8) Assigning numbers of . teeth to each of the gears:

where R = the number of revolutions of the first driver Drivers: Tt =the number of teeth on the first driver 1st driver (Tt) 80 teeth (barrel) T2 = the number of teeth on the second driver 2nd driver (T2) 72 teeth (center wheel) T3 = the number of teeth on the third driver 3rd driver (T3) 60 teeth (third wheel) r = the number of revolutions of the last driven 4th driver (T4) 70 teeth (fourth wheel) q = the number of teeth on the first driven t2 = the number of teeth on the second driven Driven: t3 = the number of teeth on the third driven 1st driven ~1) 10 leaves (center wheel pinion) Figure 82 shows a side view of a watch train. The 2nd driven ( t2) 9leaves (third wheel pinion) barrel (Tt) is the first driver; the center wheel (T2) is the 3rd driven ( t3) 8leaves (fourth wheel pinion) second driver; the third wheel (T3) is the third driver; and 4th driven (t4) ?leaves (escape wheel pinion)

t3 4

Figure 82.

30 Horological Times November 19 77 The first exercise will be to determine the number of revolutions of the escape pinion (last driven) to one revolution of the barrel (first driver). Using Equation 8, the calculation is made as follows: [:!) ~~!!!~~~o;~lege } rev. X 80 X 72 X 60 X 70 = r X 10 X 9 X 8 X 7

Rearranging: COURSES OFFERED IN: • Watch Repair • Jewelry Repair • Clock Repair • Diamond Setting (80 X 72 X 60 X 70) _.;- (10 X 9 X 8 X 7) = r/1 rev. • Clock Making • Photo-Chemical Milling • Jewelry Engraving r = 4800 rev. For more information, write: William 0 . Smith Jr. • Director of Horology Thus, there are 4800 revolutions of the escape wheel pinion Parkland College 2400 West Bradley (last driven) per revolution of the barrel (1st driver). Champaign, Illinois 61820 The next exercise will be to calculate the number of revolutions of the escape wheel pinion (t4) to one revolution of the center wheel (T2). This may be done by using the same equation but omitting the barrel (Tl) and the center wheel pinion (tl) from the calculation and proceeding as before. Quality Service Price

1 rev. X 72 X 60 X 70 = 4 X 9 X 8 X 7 - Jewelers- Saw Blades- (72 x 60 x 70)-;- (9 x 8 x 7) = r/1 rev. of 1st driver (Sold in Gross Lots Only) SWISS HERCULES r = 600 rev. 2/0 5.95 /g ross 9.40/gross 0 5.95 /g ross Thus, the ratio of the escape wheel pinion to one revolution 9.40/gross of the center wheel is 600 to 1. 5.95 /gross 9.40/gross In a conventional timepiece the center wheel (T2) SEN D Sl 00 FOR All NEW 120 page CATALOG makes one revolution per hour. The train just calculated has G & G'S MIRACLE HOUSE an escape wheel pinion (t4) that makes 600 revolutions per YOUR COMPLETE WATCHMAKERS' & JEWELERS' SUPPLY HOUSE hour. Assuming that the escape wheel has the standard 15 5621 W. Hemlock St. Box 23234 teeth, there will be 30 beats of the watch {or one revolution Milwaukee. Wis. 53223 of the escape wheel. That is, each escape wheel tooth passing through the escapement will act upon the receiving stone and (Tl) and the 10-leaf pinion (q) of the center wheel may be the discharge stone, producing two beats. The 600 revolutions omitted from the calculation. The calculation is then made per hour of the escape wheel will therefore result in 18,000 as follows: beats per hour. 1 rev. x 72 x 60 x 70 = 600 rev. x t2 x 8 x 7 600 X 30 = 18,000 (1 rev. x 72 x 60 x 70)-;.- (600 rev. x 8 x 7) = t2 For another exercise, assume that the second driven (t2), having 9 leaves, is missing, and the number of leaves is t2 = 9leaves unknown. The number of leaves on the missing pinion may be calculated as follows, using Eq. 8: Calculating the Number of Teeth on Two Missing Gears

} rev. X 80 X 72 X 60 X 70 = 4800 rev. X 10 X t2 X 8 X 7 The next exercise becomes more involved. Say, for example, that the third wheel (T3) and pinion (t2) are missing. As­ (1 rev. X 80 X 72 X 60 X 70) ~ ( 4800 X 10 X 8 X 7) = t2 suming that the number of teeth on each of these missing gears is unknown, the calculation may be made as follows t2 = 9leaves using Eq. 8:

To shorten the process somewhat, the 80-tooth barrel 1 rev. X 72 X T3 X 70 = 600 rev. X t2 X 8 X 7

~ I ~ S. rtra'R6~~~nc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors lo Horologists ~ \I L/z?" 234 COIIIIIIeiU Pl8ct, Greellllboro, N. C. 27420, U.S. A.

Novem ber 1977 Horologi.cal Times 31 (1 rev. x 72 x 70) -7-(600 rev. x 8 x 7) = t2--';- T3

t2 -;- T3 = 5040 7 33600 = 1 -:- 6 2/3

Thus, for every leaf on the missing pinion ( t2), there are 6 2/3 teeth on the missing wheel (T3). The next step is to determine the possible gearing · 32mm 1~ arrangements, keeping in mind that there must be 6 2/3 teeth on the wheel for each leaf in the pinion. For example, if 5 leaves are to be on the missing pinion (t2), 33 1/3 teeth must be on the missing wheel (T3). I I 1---16 mm ---7..-1 X = I ___...-/ /1 I 5 6 2/3 33 1/3 l I 2mm 1 I It goes without saying that 33 1/3 teeth are not a viable possi­ bility; i.e., 1/3 of a tooth is unworkable. Listed below are the calculations for the numbers of teeth on the missing wheel over the range of 5 to 12 leaves on the missing pinion. Notice that only with 6, 9, and 12 leaves are there whole numbers of teeth on the missing wheel, T2 but which of these three possibilities is correct? Missing pinion Missing wheel

5leaves X 6 2/3 = 33 1/3 teeth (impossible) 6 leaves X 6 2/3 = 39 teeth (possible) ?leaves X 6 2/3 = 46 2/3 teeth (impossible) 8leaves X 6 2/3 = 53 1/3 teeth (impossible) 9 leaves X 6 2/3 = 60 teeth (possible)

10 leaves X 6 2/3 = 66 2/3 teeth (impossible) I 11 leaves X 6 2/3 = 73 1/3 teeth (impossible) r----18mm~ 12leaves X 6 2/3 = 80 teeth (possible) I

To fmd this out, one may proceed as follows: 1. Measure the distance between centers of the Figure 83. missing pinion and mating wheel. See Figure 83. This measure­ ment may be taken from the bearing holes of the upper or lower plates. 2. Measure the pitch diameter of the wheel that mates Now referring to the list of gearing possibilities with the missing pinion and divide by two to obtain the pitch previously calculated, a pinion of 9 leaves must accommodate radius. a wheel of 60 teeth. Thus, out of the three possibilities, the 3. Subtract the pitch radius, determined in Step 2, only correct gearing for this particular train is 9 leaves on the from the center distance measured in Step 1. The remainder missing pinion and 60 teeth on the missing wheel. is the pitch radius of the missing pinion. Due to small errors that may be made in measuring 4. Knowing that the pitch radius ratio of mating the center distance and pitch diameter, one should not expect gears is equal to the tooth-to-leaf ratio, the number of leaves that the calculation will come out as perfectly as that of the on the missing pinion is then easily determined. example. It should, however, be close enough that there is For example, in the case under study, suppose that little doubt as to which of the possibilities calculated, using the center distance is as ilh1strated, 18 mm, and that the pitch Equation 8, is the correct one. radius of the wheel that mates with the missing pinion is All questions and comments should be addressed to 16 mm. 18 mm - 16 mm = 2 mm. Thus, the pitch ratio of William 0. Smith, Jr., Horological Times, P.O. Box 11011 , the missing pinion is 2 mm as shown. See Figure 83. Cincinnati, Ohio 45211. D The ratio of mating gear (T2) to missing pinion (t2) is eight to one. 16 mm divided by 2 mm = 8 to 1. By the rules of gearing, the ratio of the pitch radii of mating gears must be equal to the ratio of teeth to leaves. When there is a question of success, do Thus, the missing pinion (t2) has one leaf for every eight teeth not look to this man or that newspaper on its mating wheel (T2). The mating wheel (T2), having for help; look to your work, and make 72 teeth, reveals that the missing pinion has nine leaves. it of such a quality that the market must come to you. 72-78=9

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November 1977 Horological Times 33 escapement module barrel arbor pendulum balance staff quartz crystal verge chimes main wheel ratio hairspring potence push bu lton crystal capacitor crown diode stcppin_g motor fuzee mainspring transistor frequency ::: lathe condenser staking tool capacitor trimmer suspension spnng light emitting diode delached lever repeater"' g'.g ...... """)-· o-~ '0 .. 3~ ~"E..~ ?ff[ ~ ""<>o... ..,c Questions and Answers e;o-o --~ -~ .... ;. ... :~; ...-·Q..ctl =... r>"'N by Henry B. Fried ~.;: O;o:­ ::I('D~ ~~:: -~-f; CMW CMC FBHI g g:::-...... fr .. g CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS AND THE =::;- ~E-n· ENDLESS ROPE FORM AND PULLEY .g~ g. "'"'= Q. Please find enclosed a series of pictures of a wall clock which I am in the process of repairing for a customer. The weights, chains, rod and pendulum are all miss­ ing and I need to know exactly the type of each needed to restore the clock to its original state. The movement has two chain wheels, one in back of

Back view. Side view.

A. You have what appears to be an old Dutch clock with the hours striking on one bell and the hours also striking on the Front view. half but on another, toned bell. The pendulum on most of these types of clocks was to indicate the seconds, even if yours does not show this on the dial. The pendulum therefore should be just a bit over 39 inches measured from its pivot of suspension to the center of gravity which often is just above the center of the pen­ dulum bob. The pendulum bob was about four inches in diameter, lenticular in shape and thin. On clocks like these with the chain (or rope) wheels behind each other there was a single weight for both the time and strike connected by the Cased clock. endless rope form and pulley. Thus the single weight supplied power to both. This then had a certain advantage in that power was supplied to the train even when the chain or weight (rope) was being pulled up. However, the drawback was that Side view. the winding had to take place much more frequently. A torus or a ring of lead with or without. a small pulley takes up the the other, as well as a small chain wheel at the top of the rope slack. This system is called Huygens endless rope and is movement on the inside. used in many Dutch and old English lantern clocks. The I would appreciate any and all information you could weight generally appears to be like an eight-inch salami, cast possibly give me in helping me to restore this clock for my iron. Others are truncated cones with about five inches in customer, or if you could refer this letter to someone who height, but broader than the longer weights and weigh about might be able. seven or eight pounds. Thank you for your kind attention in this matter. Finding the necessary weight for a clock is easy. After getting your pendulum and suspension correct, merely W. J. Kazan hang an empty can by hook (or pulley if desired) and adding New Brunswick, New Jersey weight until the clock runs satisfactorily. Another way is to

34 Horological Times November 1977 Get a I .E .i. .J E ._ J0/o Waterproof seal everytime

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Q. Reference to May '77 issue, before I would cut the hair spring in AS 1902, I would check the timing with the second hand and examine the teeth in the minute wheel. I had a similar experience with an ETA 2450. It was losing approximately one-half hour a day, and I found that the teeth in the driving wheel of the cannon pinion were very thin and it took so much longer for the hands to move. After replacing the cannon pinion, the watch kept perfect time. Your comments would be appreciated. Lou Roza Ltd. Halifax, Nova Scotia

A. I want to thank you for taking the time to write to tell us of your experiences with the ETA 2450. I will ask Harold Herman, our editor, to include your letter and findings in the first issue available. Our reasons for suggesting the shortening of the hairspring was that he claimed that his watch was consistently 30 minutes slow. Although we did ask him to check the can­ non pinion slippage, the shortening was a last resort. However, again, we 7l print your finding. It would be fine, if after making these suggestions to those who write in on their puzzlers, that they reply and tell us their results. In this way we would learn as well. In case where his timing rates show a halfhour loss (which would be independent from the cannon pinion slippage), the shortening of the hai;spring would help, again, as a last resort. It also points out the necessity of supplying as much information and details as you can. We don't mind reading through all this if it aids us in helping our members. Again my thanks and best wishes.

One Pivot Staff Endless rope form and pulley by Huygens. Q. I need a balance staff for an 18/size (no name), but serial number 2577 57, Rudolph V. Mahaffy, Wilmington, Del. stamped on bridges. Do you know manufacturers' names, or who would make a staff for me? I have an old staff with hook a laundry scale to the weight cord and tie this to the one pivot broken. floor. Wind the clock until the pull shows more than enough pounds exertion. When the clock stops the scale will point to Robert C. Markley the least amount of weight at which the clock will run. Willow Street, Pennsylvania The pendulum rods were soft iron, about an eighth of an inch and threaded at the ends for the regulating nut. As for A. I have an idea that this is one of the very late model Hamil­ the chain, a narrow strip of paper pressed and wrapped around tons, Elgins or Walthams. In other words, an American watch. the chain wheel will cause these to pierce the paper. The chain As such it should not be difficult to obtain a replacement you choose can be matched against these holes. The center of staff Send to me a good sketch of the movement or a good, each link (there may be two or more links between each per­ clear photo so that I can identify the real maker and model foration) must match. Most often, however, a soft unstarched number. Staffs made to order can be had from Sam Green­ rope was used and when the correct length was ascertained, glass of 81-22 254 Street, Queens, New York 11004. the ends spliced together so that the join does not bulge and bind on the pulley wheels. Hairspring Collet Pinning Point I do not understand what you mean by a small chain wheel atop the movement. This may be for an alarm but I Q. Thank you for my autographed copy of your book, The see no indication for this on your (indistinct) photos. If this Watchrepairer's Manual ordered by Don Fleming for me. He is the case, a separate, smaller weight is required with its own and I are very good friends who share a compelling interest in very light counterweight to take up the rope or chain slack. horology. Enclosed is a sketch of the endless rope arrangement. Thank you also for answering my question on gilding

36 Horological Times November 1977 old watch movements. I received your answer about one month ago. Now another question. LEARN watchmaking and lewelry

It is apparent to me from my studying that the de­ Choose courses in Watchmaking, Classes begin every Monday throughout CAREER Engraving. Jewelry-Diamond Setting, the year Placement service for sign of a particular movement was dependent on whether it SKillS and Jewelry Store Management New graduates was to be a hunting or open face model. In addition, whether GEM CllY COLlEGE WRJTE FOR it had a flat hairspring or an overcoil. This whole matter re­ FREE BULLETIN KANSAS CllY SCHOOL SCHOOL OF WATCHMAKING lates to the natural rate error in the vertical positions of a OF HOROLOGY 4528 Main St . watch. My understanding is that the escapement is as close as Ouo ncy. lllinoos 62301 0 Kansas Coty, Mo. 64111 possible to the theoretically correct position in pendant up and the balance is resting in the most advantageous position to pertaining to the manufacturers of digital automobile clocks, eliminate any possibility of a dynamic poise error. The pen­ digital house clocks, and digital clocks for electronic ovens. dant up position will have a zero rate if the inner terminal of We are getting a lot of requests for this service and would like the hairspring is positioned correctly. Since many old move­ to expand into that area. ments were key wind and key set with no stem apparatus I We would appreciate any help you could give us. would like to learn how to tell if a movement is a hunting model or an open face model. Of course, this can be ascer­ William A. Whitworth, Jr. tained by serial numbering for Waltham, Elgin, Hamilton, Birmingham, Alabama Rockford .....but not for some of the others. I'm sure it is a relatively simple thing but I can't seem to figure it out. With A. I believe that the Longines-Wittnauer Watch Company of this information I can place my key wind, key set movements New Rochelle, New York markets a watch with the touch­ in their proper positions in display cases. command display. As for the other digital automobile clocks, etc., I can Frederick L. Orr, Jr. only advise you to contact the Japanese Light Machinery Honolulu, Hawaii Industry Information Center at 437-5th Avenue, New York, New York 10017. These people have as much information A. In regard to determining whether it is possible to recog­ on just what you are seeking as anyone that we know of nize a hunting from an open faced pocket watch movement, Hope you are successful in your quest. the Waltham list of serialization does not differentiate any of their key wound models as being one or the other. It was not Chelsea until the stem wound movements became popular and com­ mon did the listing include a "style" column which desig­ Q. I have a Chelsea mantel clock (No. 157804) that has just nated OF and Htg. Actually, as you mentioned it is quite come into my shop for repair. From its appearance it looks possible to affix the movement to suit the open faced or brand new, at least it has not been put to much use. I suspect hunting position since virtually all had the seconds bit op­ after looking through my records that this mantel clock is posite the twelve position. If, in the rare cases a dial was older than its appearance, as I have yet to find any informa­ painted with the twelve or seconds bit otherwise, it could then tion regarding its history. be oriented to suit. The clock is missing two things: (1) Glass for the As for the theoretical "least" positional or isochronal dial; (2) Entrance/exit pallet jewels. Looks as though someone errors, in the early key wound watches, the pinning point was tried to play with it! Before I start to replace these missing not too strictly adhered to, although some of the movements parts myself, I thought I would try for an easy way out and did keep very good time. This was due to general good quality ask the Technical Department if I could still purchase these control and general practices of poising, proper truing of the parts. hairspring and good mainsprings of the proper length. It was I personally like this neat little mantel clock and nice hearing that you enjoyed the book and hope you con­ would like to own one myself. Maybe one of our members tinue to do so. Give my fond regards to my friends on the would like to trade with me for one of my many antique islands. wall clocks? I thank you beforehand for any assistance that you can give to us here in Germany. LED Sensor John K. Spurrell Q. I am trying to locate a watch manufacturer that makes a Kaiserslautern, Germany LED watch that is activated by touching a metal spot on the face of the watch. A. According to my records, your Chelsea clock was made I would also like any information you may have between December 1923 and July 1926. My own judgem, 'lt is

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234 CortUMrce Place, Greensboro, N. C. 27420, U. S. A.

November 19 77 Horological Times 37 that it is close to January 1925. As it is, this is an old model Plato Clock and it would be hard to discern whether any parts are left. You might try writing to the Chelsea Clock Company Q. I have attached some pictures of an early calendar clock. at 284 Everett Avenue, Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. They Can you tell me what it is. Any information would be most haven't too good a track record of answering inquiries but maybe one from where you are might provide an exception. I do know they had a fire some time ago and this could also have wiped out many spares. A domed glass should not be difficult to obtain from German supply houses such as Rudolf Flume and Witschi or perhaps the local watch- or clockmaker could tell you where this could be obtained. As for the pallet jewels, the thickness and slant of the impulse face might very well be about the same as pallet jewels used on modern, platform escapements also available from the material jobber in Germany. Chelsea still makes and sells the same type of clock. It is a very well-made item and I can understand your desire to own one for yourself. Why not list just what you've got and wish to trade? This way if and when your request is published you might get some response.

Clock Material

Q. I have in my shop a Westminster chime clock with the hour wheel pipe and snail cast in one piece out of plastic. About half of the teeth of the hour wheel have been stripped off. The movement is marked W. Haid, West Germany, 351-020, 17.5 cm/137.4. Can you tell me where I can obtain parts for this movement? Am in need of a staff and a few other parts for 2 16 size Burlington watches, 19 jewel, no. 2466 241. Do you know anyone who might have parts for this movement?

D.P. Van Blaricon Kelsey, California

A. According to my records, Wilhelm Haid KG is at 7417 helpful. On the bottom of the clock is the following: The Pfullingen, W. Germany. There is no American representative Plato Clock, patented Dec. 6, 1902, April 28, 1903, July 7, listed. You might write to them, giving them as many details 1903. as possible to obtain your part. Bernard Strevens As for the fllinois (Burlington), that should not be Rochester, New York difficult to obtain from any good material supply house. If you do have trouble, try writing or contact R.T.S. Co., Suite A. I am quite familiar with the clock pictured in the photos 207, 424 S. Broadway, Los Angeles, California 90013. you enclose, having owned a few in my time. These are called "Plato" clocks and recently have been reproduced by the 24 Hour Digital Horolovar Company of Bronxville, NY 10708. The originals were made by the Ansonia factory. Q. Where can I purchase a 24 hour military digital clock? Every once in a while I get letters from someone who has seen or has such a clock, claiming that they have one of Al Margolis the only four that were made. A museum in Red China has Melbourne, Florida one and they too are under the same illusion. Thousands were made and sold. Later, the German makers produced the same A. I have made numerous phone calls for you regarding the type both in rectangular cases and round ones and some in 24 hour digital clock. The German, Italian, and French Com­ elliptical cases. They are nice but not overly rare. There is also mercial attach!s couldn't answer. I was finally able to track one in our A WI Museum. down a source. Both Kunda and Emes of Germany do make one despite the New York German Commercial office's ig­ norance. Also write to: Gerard Jonas, 50 East 42nd Street, 400 Day Escapement New York, New York 10017, who represents these makers. He has various such models in catalogue form. He does not Q. I have studied Mr. Fried's article in the 400 Day Repair stock but is the representative for these factories in this Manual-those clocks that hold the pallet in a bracket (rate country and can take orders for these. 1010, 1010A, 1013A, B) have a slotted screw hole on each

38 Horological Times November 1977 side. I have a bit of difficulty getting these back in original position. Any hints or helps? (No witness marks on clocks­ should I make my own?)

Wilson L. Suggs Fort Walton Beach, Florida Support the

A. In regard to the 400 day clock escapement adjustment: in my section of the book in question, I specifically warned AWl - ELM TRlJST against disrupting the position of these pallets, as they almost never show signs of wear. These, if needing adjustment then should follow the instructions outlined in broad detail in the Scholarship Program book. Set up the escapement as the drawings illusrate. In other words, position the pallets so that the amount of drop lock (not full lock) is about 1/3 the width of the pallet or about by 2° drop lock. When positioning the pallets, make certain that the arc they form is circular with the anchor's center anchor Sending your old staff pivot. Together with the entrance and exit pallet arcs, these should form an imaginary circle concentric with this anchor center as shown in the drawing. watch batteries Test the escapement so that there is no recoiling of the escape wheel when the pallet goes deeper into the escape to the wheel after drop lock. If there is, then you've not mounted these so that their curves are concentric with the pallet center. Try as much as possible to set these pallets so that they pro­ AMERICAN trude an equal amount from their mounting spots in the anchor frame. Test the escapement for equal lock, drops (in­ WATCHMAKERS side and outside) and also test whether you've mounted one further than the other and caused the anchor pin to point INSTITUTE offcenter, away from the suspension spring's fork. Mount the pallets so that, if these are equal, the anchor pin will be point­ ing directly at the fork (when the suspension is at rest).

Finials

Q. Please send me names and address of manufacturers of wood finials for clocks in USA or abroad.

R. Evola Flushing, New York LAW ENFORCEMENT INQUIRY

A. For finials for clocks write to: Ladies white Seiko wrist watch, serial No. 200666. S. LaRose, Inc. Scratch marks WWS 1-9, A033338, 10-28-75. 234 Commerce Street Any information pertaining to the above Greensboro, NC 27402 described watch and markings, please contact: H.D. Watson, Lieutenant Merritts Antiques Criminal Division R.D.2 Dept of State Police Douglassville, PA 19518 Public Service Building Salem, Oregon 9 7 3 1 0 Also, you might take a ride out to Roslyn on Long Island and visit Stanley Drucker's shop (Tiny's Qock Shop) on Old Northern Blvd., diagonally across from the Roslyn post office. He stocks assortments of wood finials. 0

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November 1977 Horological Times 39 AWl technical bulletins AWl hot line AWl bench courses AWl horological times. AWl museum AWl employment service AWl films and slides AWl ad assistance AWl library AWl home study AWl certification AWl federal liason AWl scholarships AWl awards

AWl NEWS

CBy u{;hQtott C. gtevett9

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

AWl DOLLARS BUY MORE

By now most AWI members have received their annual dues During this past year the permanent headquarters statement from AWl. Only those who are not billed on a cal­ building has developed into an efficient administrative center endar year basis have not. This means that those members who which houses the administrative offices, the Horological joined AWI during 1977 will not have received a statement as Times publication offices, the technical and library services, yet. These people will be given an opportunity soon after the as well as a museum display of which all members should be first of the year to pay a pro-rated amount for 1978 to get justly proud. them on a first-of-the-year basis and thus receive their 1978 Such expansion in this short span of time, without materials at that time. any increase in dues, is truly a remarkable achievement, when We are pleased to report that AWl dues will remain one considers the routine inflationary factors which have been the same for the third straight year. The value received for the applied to all of our labor and materials during these three AWl dues dollar has increased considerably during this time. years. One must conclude that the AWI Board of Directors is Members now receive twelve issues of the all new Horological doing an outstanding job of managing the Institute's affairs Times ; in former years, they only received six issues of the in an efficient businesslike manner. AWl News. This is only part of the story when you consider This year's membership renewal packets will reveal the size and content of the new Horological Times. additional dues dollar value items. For the first time we will Other services have been on the increase during the publish and include in the renewal packets a resource booklet past year. We now have more than twice as many bench which will list over 250 much needed services and materials courses than we had last year. These bench courses are to bring for horologists. These listings will give sources for many of to AWI watchmakers the know-how necessary to service time­ the hard-to-get services and supplies which are the basis for pieces, which up to last year, seemed unserviceable by watch­ many of the requests we receive for technical help during the makers. Bench courses routinely train AWl watchmakers to year. Proper use of this resource book will eliminate many service LCD and LED solid state watches as well as a variety days and weeks of delay in processing repairs while you search of the newer Quartz Analog calibers. Bench courses are being for sources for service or materials. booked on a more frequent basis. We have been sending out as Renewal packets will also contain an update to last many as three and four bench courses on a single weekend. We year's Solid State Guide. Many new modules have been intro­ are scheduling bench courses into areas where there is no duced during 1977; most of these will be included in the active group to bring them in. In years past these areas were Solid State Guide update pages found in this year's renewal neglected because we had no local group with which to work. packet. We have also been able to identify many more ad­ Hotline and personalized technical information re­ dresses for service, a number of manufacturers who were not quests are up 32% over last year. We are providing more in­ in last year's guide, plus additional how-to-do-it service in­ dividualized technical responses than ever before in the history formation. of any watchmaker association. Each member can help keep costs to a minimum and An all new home study course has been developed to dues down by paying his annual dues upon receipt of the first help AWI watchmakers cope with the new electronic tech­ statement. Last year more than sixty percent of the member­ nology which has become such an integral part of horology ship did this. If members pay with the first statement, con­ in recent years. This course, prepared by electronic and siderable savings are realized not only in postage, but also in horological professionals from the field of technical education, the labor costs involved in billing some members two, three, will provide the average watchmaker with the background and or more times. By making a prompt payment, you are really basic understandings of electronic concepts he needs to service helping AWl to serve you better. D and understand the new electronic timepieces.

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by Willard Blakley CMW

Chairman, Affiliate Chapters

This article for the most part will be for the delegates for any, worked for Rolex, and then became president of Zenith. next year (1978). I would like for you to give some thought At Zenith, he developed the infrasonic vibratory head for to this idea. Each year at our Chapter meeting we read our cleaning machines, which he has now modified for pocket chapter reports. This year I would like for all of you to con­ watches. At the meeting, Mr. Pedzy displayed an entirely sider the possibility of all delegates sending their Affiliate new concept in jewelry soldering, using no oxygen, yet able to Chapter reports in early, say 2 months prior to the meeting. attain a temperature of 3600 degrees Centrigrade. Mr. Pedzy These would be sent to the AWI office and be put in a packet has sole distribution rights for this revolutionary instrument. form to be mailed to each delegate. This would give every one Plans for the annual dinner dance are being finalized, of us time to read over all the reports, making notes on the with Bill Armstrong in charge. Featured at this event will be items we would like to discuss. By doing this it may not be a steak dinner, drinks, and music provided by past president necessary to read the reports at the meeting. The time usually Emil Chessari and his musicians. spent in reading the reports could be used for delegates to ask At the October 11 meeting, Pat Monk, representing questions about items of interest in the Chapter reports. Each the AWI, spoke on the "Essence of Clock Repair." He covered delegate will still be given time to make a statement and to modern as well as antique clocks, their faults and corrections. elaborate on his/her report. Please let me hear from you on Mr. AI Rudnick of the Watchmakers of Switzerland this idea. Our meetings are so full that I thought that may give Information Service will elaborate on the latest Swiss quartz us a little extra time to cover more items. Personally, I think watches and new breakthroughs in the mechanical watches at after reading all the Chapter reports at my home, prior to the November meeting. Within 10 to 20 days after this pro­ going to the meeting, I would be able to ask more pertinent gram, the organization plans a bench course on the Quartz questions regarding a delegate's report. There is just so much Analog watch. to absorb in a short time, that if we could have a preview of the information to be presented we all could benefit more. CALIFORNIA If you, the delegates, want things to remain the same at the Chapter meetings, then the idea will not be pursued Two hundred members of the Horological Association of any further. California were on hand in Los Angeles on September 20 to All of you delegates are invited and encouraged to learn more about the Bulova Watch Company. Three Bulova submit articles for publication in this column. If you have representatives, Herb Novick, Leo Helmprecht, and Dick an article, please send it and we will have it published. Articles Straw, presented the program. will be published at the discretion of the editor. Please send Herb Novick, Director of Technical Sales and Services all articles typed and doubled spaced. for Bulova, introduced the program with words of encourage­ As your Affiliate Chapter Director, I can only func­ ment for the watchmakers' future. Mr. Novick pointed out tion through you. And with your assistance and support we that many watchmakers have expressed concern over their will all profit by helping AWI become a better organization. future because of the advent of the electronic digital watch; See you next month! 0 the same sort of fear that comes with the introduction of anything new. But this fear need not be. Mr. Novick reminded the watchmakers that they must keep abreast of new products, new techniques, and new equipment. NEW JERSEY Mr. Leo Helmprecht, Manager of Field Training Services, outlined the scheduled 197 8 training sessions and The Watchmakers' Association of New Jersey held its first seminars that Bulova will be taking to the watchmakers autumn meeting on September 20. Mr. Ed Pedzy of the throughout the country. The 1978 programs will primarily Zenith Manufacturing Company was guest speaker. Mr. Pedzy be of two types: (1) a complete one-day quartz program, and received his diploma as Master Watchmaker in Berlin, Germ- (2) an Accutron refresher course.

42 Horological Times November 1977 The remainder of the program featured Dick Straw, Bulova's Chief Instructor for the Western United States. Mr. U.S. HEADQUARTERS FOR ALL SCHATZ PARTS Straw introduced several new products to the HAC members, including the Tuning Fork Model 219, Mens Stepping Motor ALSO FOR KUNDO ELECTRONIC Quartz No. 242, Lad!es Stepping Motor Quartz No. 247, and GREENHILL CLOCK SERVICE various LED and LCD digitals. Using a slide lecture, Mr. Straw 7760 FAY AVENUE pointed out unique and important characteristics of each LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 92037 model. Special emphasis was also placed on how to properly use a meter to troubleshoot problems in today's new watches. Door prizes, compliments of Bulova Watch Company, were awarded to two lucky HAC members as a conclusion Paris Texas Junior College to the program. One of the largest. oldest and best The Citizen Watch Company presented three bench equipped Watchmaking, Stone Setting and courses to California watchmakers during the week of Sep­ fewelry Repair Schools in America" tember 18. Each course featured the disassembly and reas­ • State Supported Non profi1 li1S111u'tton • Low tu111on rate s.SO 00 per monrh I Write for more Information ] sembly methods to follow when working on the Citizen LCD [Wth no oul of.stote lu111on) • G I Approved COURSES OFFERED INCLUDE : alarm watch, caliber 9021. The purposes of these programs • Joumeymon lnsln.Jctors • Quarterly enrollmen1 dotes W.t~hmil.klfl,lo\ J~wdry R~p;m ~nd Sronr 5..-ttm.~o: were not only to acquaint the watchmaker with Citizen • Year round trotn1ng ...., tl•ndocalo: tour...:~ whoch can l~.1d to .on • Modern Fo c tltltes A ...'>O(I.Ite De,o:rtT lrom P<~n~ Tt::u.' jun1or products, but also to educate them on the newest in watch • Marned Sl.Jdent Hous1ng AvO IIOble Collt:~t' .md nr w " Ba.chrlor.. ~,o:rt:r 11.1 ~~1":.1 • Slole and Federal ooorovol tor Hond,copped [lQMIClp.lton.-: Umvt:r~•l•t'"'i technologies and to remove any fears that the traditional • ~ ~n onc1o l A1d Avo,loble to Ehg1ble Students watchmaker might have about electronic timepieces. Mr. Miyoshi Nishibuchi, Director of Technical Sales PARIS TEXAS JUNIOR COLLEGE and Service for Citizen, was responsible for each program. ~rtmt'nt of HotQ\o,Q;y - Jrwrlry T ~hn ulo,~t} He was assisted by Mr. Jay Foreman, President of House of Clocks in Los Angeles-the first Citizen service center in the PARIS, TEXAS 75460 United States. The first two bench courses were held in Burlingame in conjunction with the meeting of the Bay Area Watchmakers seminar on Sunday, November 6 on "Introduction to Solid Guild. Sixty watchmakers attended this session. State Repairs." Each participant will learn to understand the At the luncheon held in between the two seminars individual components of solid state watches. Participants will Citizen door prizes were awarded by Dick Elefant to many position these components in their proper place on the sub­ lucky winners. These prizes were provided by Edward Elefant strate. Participants will complete the assembly procedure and and Company, the Citizen Distributor in San Francisco. timing of an LED module. Participants will examine and dis­ The third bench course was held in Santa Monica assemble an LCD module, and will also learn to make certain on September 23 in conjunction with the Horological Associa­ repairs on solid state watches. They will learn to replace ob­ tion of California. Fifty Los Angeles area watchmakers at­ solete modules with new universal modules. Each participant tended this course which followed a similar format to the will case and wear home the solid state watch he has assembled. Northern California sessions. All watchmakers are invited to attend. The Central California Watchmakers Guild held a The Third Annual WAO Boat Trip was a big success, meeting on October 4. Featured at this meeting was a slide with the participants leaving from Columbus for Lake Cumber­ presentation on materials and best ordering methods, plus a land. Plans are now being made for the affair for next year. discussion on repair prices and how they affect the individual Reservations will need to be in by February 1978. watchmaker. Plans for the Annual Dinner Meeting early in Novem­ NORTH CAROLINA ber are being finalized. A bench course by Citizens Watch Company is being The Board of Directors of NCWA met in Charlotte in August tentatively scheduled for January. The course will cover for the purpose of conducting all regular and any special digitals and step motors. business of the Association. One decision of importance made by the Directors OHIO was to determine if there were enough interest shown by the Guilds for NCWA to undertake a program of training mem­ The American Watchmakers Institute, the Cincinnati Watch­ bers to install LED modules in cases that were not necessarily makers Guild, in cooperation with the Cas-Ker Company and designed for the modules. By a unique combination of shrink the E & J Swigart Company, are presenting a watchmaker rings and extended contact leads, this can be accomplished S. r:C:if~~lnc. the house that has it all Woddwide Distributors to Horologisls ~XI Uz;;;/ 234 Conunerct Place, Greensboro, N. C. 27420, U. S. A.

November 1977 Horological Times 43 easily in many instances and offers a source of revenue to the The Guild was treated to a tour of the National Ma­ member that has not been available before. chine Tool Builders Association's facilities in July. Mr. Leo Intertime Corp. Pres. AI Landau recently conducted Johnson and Mr. Jessie Malfried hosted this tour. The evening two seminars in North Carolina showing how to do this. was highlighted by a unique display of miniature hand-made Thirty-three attended in Goldsboro and 24 attended in Hick­ and functioning machine tools. ory. This training is an excellent "door opener" for further The Tri-City Triangle Guild held a meeting on Sep­ training in the repair of LED modules. tember 20. The program was a troubleshooting session con­ AWI will soon offer a program of "In Depth" repair ducted by Vice President Lawrence Edwards. The August of the module itself and certainly the repairman who is ac­ "Tweezer" contest was won by past president Bob Bruckhart. quainted with the installation process will be better pre­ On October 15, a one-day trip to S. LaRose in Greensboro, pared to learn from the AWI training program. North Carolina was sponsored by the Guild. A tour of both The Insurance Plan administered by NCWA was the material house and the museum was held. formally discontinued contingent upon Blue Cross agreement to continue coverage for all members of the plan on individual NEW YORK basis without medical proof of insurability. The Directors decided that this type of agreement would effectively , con­ At the 39th Annual Convention of the New York State Watch­ tinue NCWA's original aim of protection for the members. makers' Association, over one hundred watchmakers, spouses, Also, the Directors decided to investigate a Health Insurance and guests enjoyed two days of interesting, informative plan that is offered by AWI to determine if their plan would seminars and special programs. Most interesting to the watch­ be beneficial to NCWA members. makers were special programs presented by Paul Fisk of AWl; A new Budget Committee was appointed. It con­ Don DeWolfe of Portescap, U.S.; Thomas J. Lange of L & R;. sists of the executive officers of the Board. Also, President and Henry Frystak of Bulova Watch Company. An outstanding Goins appointed himself and Vice Presidents Joe Perkins and event was the awarding, by Mr. Manley Wooten to serve as the Auditing Committee for the Fisk, of the Watchmaker of coming year. .~~ the Year Award to Eric Samuel, A Legislative Committee was appointed. Its members CMW, Member of the Board consist of the three past presidents of NCWA, Joe Sasser, of Directors of AWl; Repre­ Howard Moss, and Owen Dewar. - sentative of the NYS Watch­ Unifour Guild, three-time winner and permanent makers' Association to AWl for possessor of the Presidents Trophy, volunteered to present a many years; Past President of new trophy to NCWA for continued competition in the area the NYS Watchmakers' Asso­ of guild activities. The offer was accepted by NCWA. ciation and Past Convention Upon recommendation of Land of the Sky Guild, the Chairman for many years. A Directors set the place and dates of the 1978 annual Con­ handsome placque was pre­ vention. The convention will be held in Asheville, NC at the sented to Mr . Samuel at the Sheraton Hotel, June 2-4. annual banquet on Saturday Eric R. Samuel night. Also presented in an MISSOURI impressive ceremony by Mr. Henry Frystak were Certifi­ The American Watchmakers Institute, in cooperation with cates of Twenty-Five Years of Active, Continuous Membership Leland Dist., and local material distributor, The Nest Co., in the NYS Watchmakers' Association to 10 members, 3 of presented a bench course for the repair of the Seiko Quartz whom were present to receive their awards personally. At Watch, Calibre 0903A on October 16 in St. Louis, Missouri. Sunday's Annual Business meeting, the following new officers Each participant disassembled, checked, and timed this pop­ were elected: Grayson Hinman, President; Stearns Cummings, ular Quartz watch. AWI furnished the watches, spare parts, Vice President; Kenneth Criss, Advisor to the Board of Direc­ and technical manuals. Les Smith, AWl Instructor, presented tors and the following new Board members: Francis X. Distel, the program. Lloyd Eck and Robert Swann. These new officers were in­ stalled by Past President Eric Samuel. All agreed that it was VIRGINIA one of the most successful conventions ever held. The Horological Society of New York heard Mr. Wil­ The Potomac Guild held a meeting on September 13 in Annan­ liam A. Hilliard, general manager of Micro sonic Corp., at their dale. The program was a presentation on "Horology in Eu­ October 3 meeting. Mr. Hilliard discussed repairing LED and rope," by Otto Benesh. This was annual "Ladies Night." The LCD watches, how to analyze modules, troubleshooting, Fairfax County Department of Recreation and Community material, and interchangeability of modules in a lecture with Services is offering a course in Clock Repairing-One and slides. 8-Day Pendulum, w /wo strike. There will be 15 three-hour The response to the announcement of the practical sessions at Mt. Vernon High School, taught by Marvin Whitney Bench Course has been so excellent that it may be necessary of the Potomac Guild. to schedule two sessions, one in the morning and one in the Potomac Guild member Ernest Burk met death at afternoon. Limited bench space is still available and will the hands of an intended robber in his place of business on be reserved on a first come, first served basis. This bench 13th Street N.W., Washington, D.C., where he had done busi­ course will be held on November 6 at the Sheraton Hotel at ness for over 30 years. (continued on page 47)

44 Horological Times November 19 77 SCHOLASTICALLY SPEAKING

by Gerald G. Jaeger CMW

Chairman, Research and Education Council

Do we, as instructors of Horology, sit back and complete jewelry industry from the manufacturer right on hope the quartz crystal time standard wrist watch craze down through the retailer to the AWI is in accord with the will slowly fade away, or do we as instructors recognize province that schools of horology curriculum must be rep­ this new innovation for what it really is? It is a new and resentative of, and must reflect the product that dominates teachable technology that is here to stay. It is a dependable the marketplace. Mechanical watches, electromechanical and accurate innovation in time measurement and still watches, and solid state watches dominate the marketplace. in its infancy. Our students must be trained in the theory, concept, and If we sit back and wait for it to go away so we can repair of each of these three types of time measuring appli­ get back to teaching horology the way we have for the last cations. 40 years, I fear many of our schools will fade away before We do not have the luxury of signing up for a few quartz crystal timekeeping does. How do we facilitate this night courses at the local university, picking out a text, bold new teaching change? We plan and program it, that's assigning it to our classes, and saying, "We now offer a new how! We know that we cannot get 10 pounds of bratwurst course." Firstly, there is not a university course in solid state in a 5 pound bag, so we get a bigger bag. We know that we and step motor watch repair. Secondly, there is not a text cannot teach two years of watch technology in one year that deals with it in a manner adaptable to proper teaching. so we begin curriculum and course time changes. As I have And third, the state of the industry is not yet such that it previously stated, most all schools of horology operate under would be practical to establish any hard and fast instructional different rules and regulations and operate under different methods. This by no means offers us the luxury of sitting governing bodies. Some are county schools, some district back and waiting for them to be developed for us. If we do, schools, some state schools, and some private schools. All too many of our present students will have left our schools have different rule making procedures, but all with the same without even a practical introduction to these watches. mission. That is to provide well-trained horologists with job I am saying that there is a need for change, and we entry skills for the jewelry industry. We know that we must as instructors must be the motivators for this change within still teach all the skills required to repair the mechanical our own institutions. And we as instructors must take on watch and we must now, along with this, teach all the skills the added burden of preparing these new courses and devel­ required to repair the quartz crystal electromechanical watch oping proper methods of presentation when the courses are and the quartz crystal solid state watch. developed. How you can accomplish the lengthening of your Next month we will propose both a method to course or the addition of a complete new course will have develope these courses and a method of presentation. to be answered by you as instructors. Your institution's Tempus Fugit! make-up and ability to facilitate change will dictate. The D

s. rfhli~~~lnc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Horologists ~;s. I 1/z:;;/ 234 CoiiUilelCe P.. ce, Greeasboro, N. C. 27420, U.S. A.

November 1977 Horological Times 45 problem in the replacement market. Some attempts are now in INSIDE THE CLOCK SHOP progress to supply kits of push buttons to the service industry, (continued from page 9) so keep in touch with your material supply houses. it with the correct amount of drop. With a millimeter scale, Most push buttons are pressed into the case. There­ measure the distance from the let-off edge of the entry pallet fore, they must be removed in the same way. Since there is to the tooth selected as the one that should have just dropped such a large variety of case sizes, it is sometimes necessary to from the exit pallet, less the proper amount of drop. This will make a special tool and use a hand press to remove the old be the span of the verge to be ordered. buttons. It's easier, I think, to estimate distances for drop and If the exact replacement is not available, it is best to lock with some kind of verge in the clock. However, the buy a button whose barrel is larger than the original. It is measurements can be taken directly from the escape wheel, easy enough to ream the hole of a case and set the button to without a verge. the proper depth. If a push button is not long enough to make As before, you first decide how many teeth the pal· contact to the module, it is possible to build up the metal lets should span. And again, the number of teeth should be contact on the module. The two methods I found useful are figured imagining the wheel locked on the entry pallet, one either to build up a layer of tin/lead solder on the contact less than if the wheel were locked on the exit pallet. Now add and file it to the exact thickness, or add another piece of 2 to get the number of teeth that span the pallets. The spread metal to the original contact with conducting silver epoxy. of the teeth spanning the pallets (measured at the tips, of Conducting epoxy alone can be used to build up a switch con­ course), less the sum of one drop plus one lock, will equal the tact, but it is not physically strong enough to withstand the required span of the pallets. pressure of the push button. If silver epoxy is used, a metal A fairly accurate estimate of drop and lock is neces­ plate should be placed at the point of contact between the sary for a correct measurement of the span. For those with module and the button. limited experience in judging these, 1.5 mm will be about right Case crystals: Replacement crystals are not always for the sum of the two in an average size escape wheel. If the available in the desired size and shape. Therefore, it pays to be new verge arrives with the inside drops a little tight or loose, able to restore them whenever possible. Scratched plastic they can easily be adjusted by the method described last crystals can and should be refurbished when servicing a watch. month. A variety of products is available for polishing plastic in· All of this may seem like pretty tough going, but I'm eluding the materials used to polish jewelry. The jewelry buff­ sure you'll find the reading tougher than the doing! Above ing compounds will work well to restore a damaged plastic all, what we're aiming for is a clearer understanding of this crystal if the speed of the buffing wheel is reduced. High speed common, but little understood, bread-and-butter escapement. buffers will melt plastic crystals. Next month we'll take up another special case of the The buffing compounds are available in varying strip pallet recoil, and this time also get to the solid pallet abrasive grades-coarse for fast grinding and fine for final ~~ D polish. To remove deep gouges in a plastic lens, it may be necessary to use the coarse abrasive to remove the deep scratch and the finer compounds to polish out the scratches of the coarse abrasions. It is the same technique used to polish REPAIRING THE LCD WATCH jewelry. The only difference is that plastic must be buffed at (continued from page 14) slower speeds. work differently, so be alert to identify the different types. The case, strap and display are the only portions of It is important to know if the case is a part of the electrical a watch that a customer sees. Therefore, make them as pre­ circuit or not. sentable as possible. It will mean repeated business. If the case is merely a mechanical housing for the The case crystal should always be polished. The watch, its function is purely mechanical and should be ana· case and strap should be cleaned. Ultrasonic cleaning works lyzed for faults accordingly. well to remove the dirt buildup and crevices of the case. The fastest and easiest way to determine whether or The face of the liquid crystal display and the inside not the case is causing a problem is to remove the module surface of the case should be cleaned of any dust, lint, or from the case and test it separately. The procedure is des­ debris. Rodico is excellent for removing lint and dust from cribed in this article under the heading of Isolate the Problem. the display and case, just as it does for the mechanical watches. When it has been determined that the module is elec· trically sound and the watch does not function properly in the Conclusion case, it is usually assumed that the case is causing the prob­ lem. This is not necessarily true. It is possible, for example, for LCD and LED watches are repairable. The watch factories are the contacts on the module to be dirty or positioned out of doing it with nonprofessional people. "Untrained personnel are the reach of the push button. Therefore, when a good module taught to repair digital watches in a few days. I know from does not work in a case, examine all contacts between the case first-hand experience, because I have trained them. Digital and the module. watches are not difficult to repair when properly equipped. The obvious problems of frozen or sluggish push Nonwatchmakers have already begun to establish service buttons can be corrected in the customary way: ultrasonic centers. If the watchmaker does not get involved soon, the cleaning and oiling. When a push button cannot be repaired business will go to others. My motto is "Start the business of with thorough cleaning, it may be necessary to replace it. The tomorrow today!" D large variety of sizes and shapes of push buttons has caused a

46 Horological Times November 1977 ESSENCE OF CLOCK REPAIR AFFILIATE CHAPTER COLUMN (continued from page 21) (continued from page 44) of the two adjacent forces and axes shall be equal. Profes­ La Guardia Airport. Mr. Gerald Jaeger of AWl will present sional schoolteachers will explain it better by saying that the session on the new Quartz Analog Stepping Motor ESA the moments about a common axis shall be opposite and 9180 and 9181. equal. New members include William C. Veith and Ruby Let us just say that the total torque about axis "a" Stone. is made approximately constant because the mainspring torque On November 6 the Consolidated Retail Jewelers lessens as it unwinds. of Greater New York will hold their annual banquet at the The initial set up. After the clock has been properly Americana Hotel. Cocktail hour starts at 6:00PM. This is by cleaned and before being oiled, the fusee chain should be far the most lavish affair in the industry. examined for bad links, and should it be broken or needing The HSNY banquet will be held in February of 1978, repair, the following procedure should be observed. If broken, with more details to be announced. the chain must be laid out so that the two hooks are facing the same way, before being repinned with a steel pin and rivetted ILLINOIS on both sides. The chain resembles an old English bicycle chain with figure-8 links and is pinned in like fashion. If the The Central Illinois Watchmakers Association monthly meet­ hooks are not laid out the same way (e.g., towards you), ings resumed with the September 15 meeting in Champaign. hooking the chain to the barrel cannot be done. The two William 0. Smith, Jr., internationally known horologist, hooks are usually dissimilar: the barrel hook is usually a plain member of the CIW A board of directors, and head of horology hook and the fusee hook usually has a tail as shown in Figure 3. and microprecision education at Parkland College, presented Reinstalling the chain. Before being installed, the a technical talk. chain should be thoroughly cleaned by whatever method has The Illinois Watchmakers Annual Convention, spon­ proven best for you. Ultrasonic may be the best way. It should sored by the Central Illinois Watchmakers Association, was then be lightly lubricated with a fine clock oil and "suppled," held in Springfield on October 16. A Saturday night session, or worked over, a polished steel rod. The suppling, or pulling courtesy of the CIWA, opened the convention. Sunday's over the steel rod, should be done over the entire chain length. program featured demonstrations and displays and special The excess oil, or lubricant of your choice, should now be guest speaker, Sean C. "Pat" Monk. General chairman for wiped off with a non-linty cloth. this event was Don Bilyeu, with Duane Laramee, Max Hoover, The chain is then hooked onto the barrel and wound William McKeeth, and Bernard Smith acting as committee around it until the free end can be hooked onto the pin on the chairmen. Participants in the displays were Watchmaster, large ferrule of the fusee. The fusee may then be initially E. & 1. Swigart Co., Parkland College, The Nest Co., Marshall­ tensioned to take out the slack and to provide some instant Swartchild, Kilb & Co., Jewelmont, L & R Mfg. Co., Gem City motive power for the mainspring in the great wheel, or barrel. College, Jules Borel & Co., A.G. Bartholomew, Inc., and This is done by loosening the maintaining ratchet over the Central Illinois Watchmakers Association. barrel click wheel and tensioning the mainspring (using the key winder) by turning the maintainig ratchet two or three TEXAS teeth by using the jaws of an old pair of cutting pliers to hold the tension against the ratchet. The maintaining ratchet click The Texas Watchmkers Association held a meeting on Sep­ may now be allowed to drop into place against a tooth of the tember 27, at which Mr. E. G. (Gene) Fuller was guest speaker. click wheel and its screw retightened. Mr. Fuller is one of the foremost authorities on pocket watches. The fusee stopwork consists of a lightly spring­ He has written many papers concerning watches and a number loaded steel lever (or arm) attached to the inside of the front of them have been published by the National Association of plate. The latter is set to prevent the fusee chain from over­ Watch & Clock Collectors publication. His subject was "Fac­ riding and to limit its action. It should be carefully checked tors that determine the value of old pocket watches." (and adjusted if necessary, by slightly bending) to see that its New members in the association include Gary Perkins, normal function prevails. If it is not set correctly, one must Warren Cron, Lon Squyres, Candace Pitchford, and Gus expect a chain breakage, or worse, for the mainspring is both Martinez. heavy and powerful. 0 Finally, once again, take care of the dome first. Good and successful skeleton-clocking. D

s. ri?aW~lnc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Horologists ~\l}/<;7" 234 CoiiUIIClCe Place, Greelllboro, N. C. 27420, U.S. A.

November 19 77 Horological Times 47 AT MARIN: A NEW TECHNOLOGY IN THE ...... SERVICE OF SWISS WATCH INDUSTRY

September 1974: The Board of Directors of Ebauches SA decides to start a production line for the manufacture of integrated circuits for electronic watches. May 1975: Work on the infrastructure and setting up the plant starts at Marin (Neuchatel), using the production know-how bought from the Microelectronic Division of Hughes Aircraft. December 1975: The first microcircuits leave the production line in Marin. These three dates recall one of the most important ventures undertaken by the Swiss watch industry. In a fully electronic watch, beside the battery and the frame (the bottom-plate and the bridges of the mechanical watch) we find three elements: •. -The quartz crystal enclosed in a vacuum vibrates ~'~·,; ~ at a determined, very stable frequency and constitutes the Integrated circuit. Its surface measures between 10 and 20 square mm, depending on the complex­ :ty of the watch it is made for. It can contain between 350 and 2500 electronic elements.

plied by Brown Boveri and Co., a Swiss firm with whom Ebauches SA is in close business relation.

Production in Four Phases

The production of integrated circuits is carried out in four successive phases, each of them comprising several stages. The aim of the production line is to produce a "pill" of silicium measuring from 2 by 3 mm (for a watch with an analog display) to 4.5 by 4.5 mm (for a sophisticated, fully electronic watch such as a chronograph). This small "pill" contains, depending on the complexity of the completed watch, between 350 and 2,500 electronic elements (diodes, resistors, transistors, etc.). The first phase of production, the engineering, con- Solid-state LEO-module. One can recognize, in the sists of: lower parts, the microcircuit (light gray rectangle) and the fine links with the other elements.

time standard of the watch. (Its role corresponds to that of the sprung balance in the mechanical watch); - the display device in the form of liquid crystals or electroluminescent diodes, for instance, indicates, the hour, the minute, the second, the month, the date, etc. to the wearer of the watch; -the microcircuit in turn constitutes as it were the "brain" of the watch. It causes the quartz to oscillate, decodes the indications (frequency) provided by it, and processes and transmits them to the display device. Ebauches SA, who have made it their business to manufacture watches according to all technologies available, mastered the industrial production of quartz many years ago. As far as displays for watches are concerned, work is carried out by their research department in different promising directions. In addition, the group has at its disposal a pilot­ 1n the first phase of production, detailed drawings line at Marin which is maintained at the highest technological of the different "layers" of the future circuit have level and produces display units. Most of their needs are sup- to be made.

48 Horological Times November 19 77 -designing the circuit, i.e., determining its internal functions and components and drawing a circuit diagram; -separating, according to the diagram, the different operations which will be necessary to implant the electronic elements on the circuit carrier in successive layers. This means that one has to draw a detailed layout for practically every layer; -converting these separate drawings into digital form, i.e., coding them on a magnetic tape which reproduces them with the highest precision to the microscopic dimensions desired. One thus obtains six to eight masks (one for each layer) which are then, as it were, used as templates in the production of circuits. The second (technological) phase of the manufac­ turing process consists in implanting the active elements on the silicium wafers using the masks already obtained. At present we are working with wafers 3 inches in diameter each of which contains between 200 and 800 circuits, depending on the dimensions of the latter. In this technological phase, up to 160 successive operations (ion implantation, diffusion, evap­ oration, microphotolithography) are carried out. Their nature is determined by the type of element to be implanted. The third phase, the quality control, plays an all Part of a circuit (measuring 0. 7 by 0. 7 mm) at important role. On account of the complexity of the tech­ an advanced stage of production. nologies employed, the yield (i.e., the number of "good"

Part of the circuit (measuring 0.07 by 0.07 mm) in A finished circuit (measuring 4.5 by 4.5 mm). one of the first stages of production.

S. (UaR6~~lnc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Horologists ~\IU:?" 234 Commerce Pl8u, Greensboro, N. C. 27420, U.S. A.

November 1977 Horological Times 49 One of the diffusion furnaces; in the foreground, a glass container with the wafers of 7.5 em in diameter.

Machine for the evaporation of aluminum on to the wafers.

50 Horological Times November 1977 Linear accelerator to bombard the surface of the circuits with boron ions (ionic implantation of electronic elements on the circuits).

Finished silicium wafer over the cutting tool.

Control of the microcircuits. One can see the The bonding or connection of the microcircuit connections with the control circuit. with the "outside" world."

circuits of all those produced) varies in the advanced elec­ stage is the assembly which in particular includes the linking tronics industry between 10 and 40 percent. This means that up of the circuit with the "outside world" (bonding). all the circuits have to be tested and that the control has to Since December 15 last year, Ebauches SA have been be carried effectively and quickly in order to be able to pro­ producing microcircuits at Marin with, as may be pointed out, duce under good economic conditions. a particularly satisfactory yield compared with the standards The fourth phase, finally, consists in cutting up the of the world's electronics industry. silicium discs containing the individual circuits. The next (From Chronorama Expo 76, Ebauches SA.) D

S. (tfaR~~lnc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Horo/ouists ,~\ I lA?;;/' 0 2.34 c-~. Greeasboro, N. C. 17410, U.S. A.

November 1977 Horological Times 51 ~rn~ JPLH®IDlD©~~ ACCUSETe FEATURE OFFERED NEW FROM SEIKO BY ACCUTRON® QUARTZ LINE

Seiko Time Corporation's newest All nine of the new Bulova Accutron Quartz men's day-and­ additions to its vast collection of date watches feature the new Accutron SMQ (stepper motor technologically-superior LC Digital quartz) movement equipped with a patented electronic setting quartz timepieces include two new control, a minicomputer called "Accuset." This permits the Multi-Alarm models, F F001 M and wearer to easily set the sweep second hand even when the FF002M. watch is strapped to the wrist, just by pushing a button. The new models feature con­ "You push the button," vice president Mervyn tinuous readout in hours on a 24-hour B. Weis, Bulova's national sales manager explains, "when the basis, minutes and seconds, and, with outside time standard you are using is exactly at the 60-second a push of a button, the date is dis­ ·L,__----- mark. Pushing the button either speeds up or stops-and-restarts played. The calendar automatically the sweep second hand so that it becomes coordinated exactly ·~·J adjusts for odd and even months to the second with the outside time standard. (except February). "If you are 10 seconds slow, the sweep second hand There are three alarm func­ FF002M picks up 10 seconds, but if you are, let's say, 21 seconds tions. The "timer" function can be fast, then the second hand will stop for exactly 21 seconds and set to ring when the desired preset time has been counted then start again. The result is the exact time to the second at down to 0. The "alarm" function can be set to ring at a the push of a button." specified time. And, the "auto" function can be programmed The new day-and-date quartz analog watches in the to ring each day at a designated time. Bulova Accutron line range in suggested retail price from In addition, a special battery life indicator causes $150 to $195. All feature "Accuset." The "Accuset" control, the digits to flash when battery replacement is needed. Other Mr. Weis noted, is an exclusive patented feature developed by features include: hourly time signal, alarm volume, built­ Bulova engineers. in illumination control system, Seiko's exclusive "Hardlex" mar-resist crystal, and 100ft (30 meters) water tested. Model F F001 M, in stainless steel case, with black dial frame, retails at $225. Its counterpart, model FF002M, in yellow top/stainless steel back case, with brown dial, will sell for $275. Both models also feature adjustable bracelets.

SEIKO INTRODUCES NEW MEN'S LC DIGITAL QUARTZ PERPETUAL CALENDAR MODELS

Among the new technologically su­ perior LC Digital men's quartz watches now being introduced by Seiko Time Corporation for the holiday selling FROM RADIO SHACK season are new stainless steel and yel­ low top/stainless steel Perpetual Calen­ TIME CUBE, sold by Radio Shack, dar models DZ003M and DZ004M. a division of Tandy Corporation, pro­ These 2 magnificently styled vides a simple and economical way of models feature continuous readout in having the absolute perfect time from hours, minutes, seconds, day, and the National Bureau of Standards date-with AM/PM indicator. At the broadcasts from radio WWV at your push of a button, day, date, month, fingertips. Battery-operated and port­ and year are displayed. The calendar is DZ004M able with a built-in antenna, this device preprogrammed to allow 28, 29 (leap is activated by pressing a button and year), 30, and 31 day months until the year 2009! adjusting the volume. Three channels, Other features include a built-in illumination system, 5, 10, and 15 MHz, make good recep­ and "Hardlex" mar-resist crystal and adjustable bracelet. tion possible in almost any location or Model DZ003M. in stainless steel, and blue dial frame, time of day. Facilities for outside retails at $185, while model DZ004M, in yellow top/stainless antenna and ground connections are provided for areas of poor steel back case, with gilt dial frame, will retail for $225. reception with built-in antenna. With these two new additions, Seiko now offers A sliding scale on the front can be set for converting four men's LC Digital Quartz Perpetual Calendar models, the broadcast Coordinated Universal Time into local time. ranging in retail price form $185 to $250.

52 Horological Times November 1977 BULOV A MEDALLION PROGRAM SEIKO INTRODUCES NEW MEN'S ULTRA-THIN HIGH QUALITY ANALOG QUARTZ WATCHES Here are four examples of Bulova Medallion Dial watches: IN $182-$275 RANGE \ \ Seiko Time Corporation introduced recently for the holiday season a new collection of men's ultra-thin high-quality analog quartz models with instant day/date bilingual English-Spanish Masonic-emblem Medallion atop Bul­ ova Quartz solid-state digital watch. ® \ calendars. This new "FG" series complements those in Seiko's superbly-accurate men's "FD" and "FE" series. 12: 1'1 08 The new "FG" series is highlighted by five models. ' - ranging in price from $185 to $275, each one tailored to emphasize the slimness of the timepiece. }-=1----- Model FG002M has a square gilt dial set in a yellow top/stainless steel back case, with adjustable match­ Painting of Shamrock, famed America's ing bracelet. Its retail price is $275. Cup Race Challenger, transformed into A counterpart, model FG003M, in a Medallion dial Accutron watch for stainless steel, with blue dial, retails ~ Thomas J. Lipton, Inc. at $225. A circular dial adorns new model FG006, with yellow top/stain­ less steel back case and cream dial. It "Inner Circle" award watch for the has an elegant genuine black lizard Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company. strap, and retails at $185. Another version, model FG009M, with white FG002M dial and adjustable bracelet, retails at $195. In yellow top/stainless steel back case, with gilt dial, featuring an adjustable bracelet, is model FG010M, at $250. "\ Other features include "Hardlex" mar-resist crystal and second - j • i hands which move in step motion at precise one second ~ \ intervals. The Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, Inc. ~· coat of arms.

In the "FE" series, new mod­ MARSHALL SWARTCHILD els introduced include model FE010M, UNIVERSAL LCD REPLACEMENT MODULE with rectangular-shaped yellow top/ stainless steel back case and gilt dial. Recent development by lntertime Corporation of a prepack­ It retails at $250. Its mate, FE011 M, aged LED Universal Replacement Module has been followed in stainless steel, with blue dial, sells by the same company's LCD Module. Newest module is a for $195. Both also feature synchro­ 25 mm 5-function-with-light unit-hours, minutes, seconds, nized second settings, second hands month, date. It can be adapted to fit any case with use of the which move in precise one second adapter kit supplied, the same as that used with the LED intervals, "Hardlex" mar-resist crystals module. Soldering of the contact strips allows complete flexi­ and adjustable bracelets. bility on pin positions. The module can be disassembled com­ pletely and individual components replaced. It is held together FE011M with five screws and nuts. Two batteries-type 392 or equiva­ lent-are used, one for the module and one for the light. Both module kits are available from Marshaii-Swartchild Company branches in Dallas, San Francisco, and Seattle and from the headquarters office at 2040 Milwaukee Ave., Chi­ cago,IL60647.

S. r:U:'R6~~l:nc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Horologists ~IUz;;/' l34 ClllllllleKe PIKe, G_...... ,, N. C. 17410, U.S. A.

November 1977 Horologi.cal Times 53 BENCH TIP

Joe Crooks, Chairman Bench Tip Committee

In the Bench Tips section of Horological Times (September in the crown post to get that little extra length you need. 1977 issue), we asked for watchmakers to send us their "pet To keep your sawdust box from becoming contami­ tips." Well, as the old saying goes, it pays to advertise! We are nated with fine iron particles, run a magnet though it, es­ getting responses from this request. pecially before you dry any magnetized parts. Better still, Next month we plan to start printing your tips. We throw away the sawdust and use ground corn cob. It's more will also include the name and address of the watchmaker absorbent, has less dust, and will not contaminate watch parts. who sent each tip in. Please print or type your tips so old With date and day-date watches, to keep date springs "Jingle Joe" can read them. Most watchmakers should have from flying when date bridge is removed, loosen bridge enough been doctors-their handwriting looks like Latin. Mine, on the so the date jumper will go under the date ring before removing other hand, looks like Greek. Keep those tips coming. date bridge. Mailing address is "Jingle Joe," 265 North Main St., Sometimes you can't get a watch out of the water Mooresville, North Carolina 28115. resistant case because one side of the detent screw is broken To show how a simple tip may be of great help and off. Use a needle of the proper size and make a screwdriver time-saving to the watchmaker, here are a few. blade with only one side sharpened. The round side of the When a water resistant crown is fitted one-half to one needle will act as a bearing in the plate, and you can unscrew thread too tight for the watch to go in winding position, with no damage to the watch. the stem post can be inserted in a staking tool hole and a slight If you use an ultrasonic cleaning machine and clean tap on the round dome of the crown with a flat punch, will twelve or more watches at the same time, an easy way to keep give you that little bit of extra length you need. Or fold a up with the small parts is to engrave or scratch numbers on the dial washer in half, roll it up with your tweezers and stuff it thimble baskets. 0

Classified Oock repair material and tools. Manufacture of clock springs, dials, escape wheels, verge kits, weights, all types of brass and steel stock and Regulations and Rates custom made parts. Catalog postpaid $1.00. Tani Engineering, Box 338, Atwater, Ohio Ads are payable in advance $.25 per word, $.35 per word in bold type. Ads are not 44201. commissionable or discountable. The publisher reserves the right to edit all copy. Price lists of services will not be accepted. Confidential ads are $4.00 additional for postage and handling. The first of the month is issue date. Copy must be received 30 days in advance.

HOROLOG ICAL TIMES; P. 0. Box 11011; Cincinnati, Ohio 45211; (513) 661-3838 Watch repair for the trade. Top quality work. Conventional, Accutron, Chronograph, Pocket. Pocket Watch Case Repair. Bezels-Hinges­ Newest ultrasonic-electronic equipment. Ber­ THE TRADESMAN Dents-etc. Tick Tock Specialties, 308 N. nard Bercu, 10 West 47th Street, New York, McLeansboro Street, Benton, Illinois 62812. NY 10036-(212) 354-7175.

Digital Watch Repair. Specialists in digital watch repair for the trade. Eight years of Wheels, pm10ns, barrels or whatever, repaired experience in digital watch design and service. Pearl and Bead Restringing. All types. Fast ser­ or made new. Repivot arbors. On all watch Zantech, Inc., 13 Greentree Rd., Trenton, vice. Jean A. Gruenig, P.O. Box 12007, Colum­ parts, inquire first. Ken-Way Inc., 311 Chest­ N.J. 08619 (609) 586-5088. bus, Ohio 43212. nut St., Addison, lllinois 60101.

54 Horological Times November 1977 WANTED TO BUY Large antique wall clock approximately 30 in. Opportunity Knocks! Opening for good trade wide by 6 ft tall, large Roman dial measures shop-Watchmaker & Watchmaker-Management 11 Yz in. with second hand. Has large gold position. Salary unlimited! Newest & most Hamilton Movement 995A Third Wheel. Fellin' pendulum measuring 13 in. Write Angale W. beneficial pay system, (for the employee) on Jewelers, 14 E. Broad St., Hazleton, PA 18201. Hurt, 202 Division St., Pikeville, Kentucky the market! Call today-person to person, to 41501. David L. Ghan (206) 622-7709, Seattle, Wash­ ington.

Buying gold, silver, platinum scrap! Also, Unimat 3, Maximat, Emcomat, Sherline Lathes. gold-filled. We make immediate cash offer and Precision tools, English or Metric. Aluminum, hold shipment for approval or ship with invoice brass, steel, all shapes. Small screws, taps, drills, Watchmakers - for expanding Omega-Tissot and we'll endeavor to meet your price. Shipping saws, collets. 78 Page Catalog $1.00. Campbell Service Agency in Louisville, Kentucky. Perm­ charges refunded. Satisfaction guaranteed. Tools, 1424 Barclay Road, Springfield, Ohio anent secure position - bench wqrk only - no American Metallurgy Co., P.O. Box 33009- 45505. counter work - many benefits. Write or phone AW, Charleston, South Carolina 29407. Om11ga-Tissot Service Agency of Kentucky - 640 River City Mall - Louisville, Kentucky 40202. (502) 583-3676.

For Sale-Timing Machines, WatchmasterTimers Vibrograph Timers. Factory Rebuilt. All ma­ FOR SALE chines guaranteed. Terms available. Also SITUATIONS WANTED available Ultrasonic Watch Cleaning Machines. Write Watchmaster sales representative Robert Swensgard, 6826 Wetheridge Dr., Cincinnati, Parkland College 2% year watch repair graduate Oockmakers' Buying Guide. New 80-page Sec­ OH 45230. 0! phone (513) 231-3919. Terri­ desires position. Specialized training in chrono­ ond Edition lists over 1000 spare parts and re­ tory: Ohio and Michigan. graphs, electronics, Accutrons, some clock re­ pair services available from over 400 suppliers. pair, and parts making. Have lathe and many $5 postpaid. 30-day satisfaction or refund. tools. Write Horological Times, Dept. S-1102, Box 171-T, Bronxville, NY 10708. P.O. Box 11011, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211.

HELP WANTED

Diamonds. Direct from cutter. Highest quality, Watchmaker or watchmaker store manager lowest prices. Send for price list. FL Diamond would like to locate in California. 36 years old Co., 800 17th Avenue West, Bradenton, FL Need student watchmaker with basics to work with 16 years experience. Write Horological 33505. under OJT program. Northwestern U.S. Write Times, Dept. S-1101, P.O. Box 11011, Cin­ ·Horological Times, Dept. H1002, P.O. Box cinnati, Ohio 45211. 11011, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211.

MISCELLANEOUS

Horological clock and watch books, repair, identification and pricing guides. lllustrated catalogue $0.35, refundable. American Reprints Watchmakers-opportunity to relocate to sunny Digital Watch Service Training. Zantech, Inc. Co. 28, 111 West Dent, Ironton, MO 63650. St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Must have all offers training and instruments for servicing around ability to work in manufacturing and all types of digital watches. One day course production. Salary plus apartment allowance. includes diagnosis of watch malfunctions and Send resume. H.W., 2 Park Avenue, New York, repair methods, including techniques in wire NY 10016. Attention Personnel. bond repairs using silver epoxy. Louis A. Zanoni, Zantech, Inc., 13 Greentree Rd., Trenton, N.J. 08619 (609) 586-5088.

S. (LaRoSe,-~~ Inc. the house that has it all Worldwide Distributors to Horologists ~ l.l4 Conunen:e PIKe, G---.., N. C. 17410, U.S. A.

55 November 19 77 Horological Times ADVERTISERS INDEX Calendar AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS INSTITUTE .....39 NOVEMBER B. RUSH APPLE ...... 4

6-Consolidated Retail Jewelers of Greater New York; Annual BB CRYSTAL CO ...... •. ...•.•.• .... 11 Banquet; Americana Hotel; New York, New York. A.G. BARTHOLOMEW...... •...• 33 J. BOREL GROUP ...... •.. .35 6-lntroduction to Solid State Repairs Seminar; AWl-Cin­ BULOVAWATCH CO ...... 15 cinnati Watchmakers Guild-Cas-Ker-E & J Swigart; Imperial House West; Cincinnati, Ohio. CAS-KER CO ...... Inside Front Cover, 28, 29 7-Horological Society of New York; regular meeting; New COSMO ELECTRONICS, LTD ...... 25 Yark, New York. ESSLINGER AND CO •...... 9, 28, 29 14-18-Bulova Accutron Certification Program; Woodside, EWING BROS ...... •...... 28, 29 New York. G & G'S MIRACLE HOUSE ...... 31 15-Massachusetts Watchmakers Association; regular meeting; GEM CITY COLLEGE ...... 37 Cambridge, Massachusetts. THE GOULD CO ...... 27 GREENHILL CLOCK SERVICE ...... 43 29-30-Bulova Post Graduate Program for Certified Accutron Technicians and Qualifying Watchmakers; Woodside, HER-MIL INC ...... • .. Outside Back Cover New York.

DECEMBER B. JADOW & SONS ...... 41

5-Horological Society of New York; regular meeting; New KANSAS CITY SCHOOL OF WATCHMAKING ...37 York, New York. KEYSTONE SALES ....•...... 23 KIENZLE TIME CORP ...... 21 JANUARY KILB AND CO ...... 13 KILGORE COLLEGE ...... 27 15-Watchmakers Association of Ohio; New Caliber Swiss Quartz Seminar; Middletown, Ohio. LANGERT BROS ...... 28, 29 S. LA ROSE ....7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27,31 17-Massachusetts Watchmakers Association; regular meeting; 33,37,39,43,45,47,49,51,53,55 Cambridge, Massachusetts.

28-29-Watchmakers Association of Ohio; regular meeting; MARSHALL-SWARTCHILD .••..... •..•...... 3 Marriott Inn; Columbus, Ohio. MAYER BROS ...... 28, 29

FEBRUARY THE NEST CO ...•...... •....28, 29

25-26-Minnesota Retail Jewelers Association/Minnesota PARIS JUNIOR COLLEGE ...•...... •43 Watchmakers Association; Annual Convention and Trade PARKLAND COLLEGE .•..•....•...•.•...•.31 Show; Radisson South; Bloomington, Minnesota. PORTESCAP •..•.••..•...... Inside Back Cover

If your group or association is sponsoring an event SEIKO ...•...... •.. • ...... •.•...•...... 5 you would like to have printed in the Calendar in the SWEST INC . •.••. .••...... 17 HOROLOGICAL TIMES, please send all pertinent E & J SWIGART CO .•...... •. Outside Back Cover information (event, date, place, sponsor) to: Calendar, Horological Times, P.O. Box 11011, Cincinnati, Ohio VALU-CRAFT ...•....•.•.•.•.....•...•28, 29 45211 at least eight weeks in advance of the event. I. WIDESS & SONS ....••..•..•....••..•....13

56 Horological Times November 1977 The movements of life a source of energy for your automatic watch

The automatic lever watch winds itself without your giving it a thought. Every movement of your arm injects a small dose of natural energy, 0... which is lasting and free; ~ it's yours. 'C.." The Swiss automatic watch

with inca bloc® protection

This advertisement has been sponsored by seven Swiss manufacturers of high-quality watch components: Les Fabriques d' Assortiments Reunies, Les Fabriques de Balanciers Reunies, Le Groupement suisse des fabricants de ressorts d'horlogerie, Nivarox SA. Pierres Holding SA. Universe SA, Portescap "' 0 "'0 ..c:·- u"'co "'C .E - ·.;... r- 50

Single phase watch lubricant. e HER-MIL'S ONE STEP 2 OUNCES offers the improvements TO BE MIXED in lubrication you have WITH ONE been looking for! QUART RINSE e A stable emulsion whi ch qne $6.95 can not separate, thus ,,ep w insuring an even distri· 8 OUNCES t­ bution of lubrication NON PlASTIC TO BE MIXED :::> WATCH t­ throughout the watch. LUBRICANT WITH ONE j::: GALLON RINSE (f) e ONE STEP treatment in NET WT 8 OZS the final rinse eliminates $24.95 ~ (f) N undesirable imbalance in c.:~ll)o- l::~= Available through w~-.:t" the lubricant due to ~0 It) " carry over" from the leading material <(~.2M distributors inhibitor solution. E ~-:aI 0 ,_ e Non·Piastic formula eliminates the curing al·--~ ut- .... process requiring extreme heat thus elim· For your nea rest <( .o-u inating the risk of damage to delicate dealer, write: >QC:c: ::> .!:: Q) watch parts. HER-MIL, INC. a.: uVl e The ultimate degree in wetting or deter· P. 0. Box 11288 z ·= gency power. Eliminates "globs" of po ly· Cincinnati, Ohio j u meric residue. 45211 0:: w ~ <(

Now in its 98th year, the E. & J. Swigart Company has, since its QUEEN founding in 1879, been one of the largest of pure material houses in the continental United States, offering full lines of Swiss and American watch materials and batteries, including genuine CITY materials from such factories as Seiko, Bulova, Girard Perregaux, Omega, longines, Wyler, Zodiac, Rolex, Hamilton, SEMINARS Elgin and other popular brands.

We also carry full lines of tools and supplies for the jeweler and Days in watchmaker, as well as regular and jewelry findings, clock • Ring Sizi ng materials, watch glass, bands and straps, optical goods, • Stone Setting • Rhodium Plating packaging supplies, tags, job envelopes, and bags, imprinted on 5 • Prong Replacement our own presses. • Jewelry Repair • Jewelry Making The majority of our sixty-six employees have been with us for periods of twenty years or more, giving us an expertise which is Days in unique in a complex and highly technical business. We invite you • Casting Rings, to try our stocks and service. Pins, Pendants • Lost Wax Process • Wax Modeling Catalogue and Ordering Material Available on Request 5 and Carving

THE E. & J. SWIGART COMPANY 34 West 6th Street WRITE FOR BROCHURE Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 E. & J. Swigart Co.