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Nato Requirements, Part Ii Land Forces Academy Review Vol. XXVI, No 1(101), 2021 COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SERVICES – NATO REQUIREMENTS, PART II Tibor FARKAS National University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary [email protected] ABSTRACT Recent publication is the second part of an article which summing up the most important requirements, by which “Heads of State and Government of NATO member countries” have defined the basic tasks and guidelines for the alliance and the member states in order to guarantee their security. These principles and requirements fundamentally defined the needs of command and control’s ICT (Information and Communication Technology) support and its management methodology. Based on these, it introduces the changes in the capabilities and requirements defined by NATO, and the general operational capabilities defining communication and information systems and services in the next 10 years after Bucharest Summit. In this paper, the author analyzes the declarations, summarizes the key directives in the field of ICT, and draws conclusions about the needs for present and future capabilities. KEYWORDS: communication and information system, cyber defence, development, modernization, NATO Summit 1. Introduction and thus our forces, the findings of the Nowadays it became focal, that NATO Summits are the basic elements for NATO has to deal with constantly the further research, modernization and changing, renewing security threats, since capacity increase. security environment got worse greatly. The developing of defence capabilities and 2. NATO Summits in the Last armed forces, as an element of international 10 Years and national level reaction is required. “NATO summits are not held The NATO member states began their long perodically, but according to some important term defence and military development events of the alliance. These meetings are programs in the recent years by which the always organised in one of the member states agility of the alliance is raised through and led by the Security General. […] national capabilities. Decisions are summarised in resolutions, and The communication and information published in the form of announcements. support is one of the key elements of these Afterwards the member states begin with modernization procedures. The new military work, by the leading of the competent equipments (tanks, drones, cannon) more of organisation” (Farkas, 2020, p. 283). a computer (infocommunication) system By the end of the 2000s, information than a weapon, and these are not only operations, and the protection of information elements of the military operation, but networks had become increasingly important elements of information operation and as can be seen from the declarations of the environment. To protect the information summits. DOI: 10.2478/raft-2021-0002 © 2017. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 License. 9 2.1. Strasbourg/Kehl Summit Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (3-4 April 2009) (CCDCOE) is to support the member In 2009 the Alliance strenghtened nations and NATO with unique their strategic concept regarding interdisciplinary expertise in the field of Afghanistan and Kosovo. Global threats, cyber defence research, training and such as terrorist activity and the threat exercises covering the focus areas of caused by WMD-s were defined as technology, strategy and law (CCDCOE, increasing. The peak put a focus on cyber 2008). attacks, with an emphasys on the protection One of the criteria, in order to reach of information networks. the capability of high level cyber defence is According to the discussion, that the communication and information technological development has to be system trainings and cyber defence highlighted and maintained further, and a trainings are buikt into NATO-s allied great awareness has to be put on tranings, and that the members and information collection and the sharing of partners, just like other international data in order to support NATO missions. organisations cooperate closer in their The utilisation of deployable, activity against cyber attacks. sustainable and agile forces has to be The capabilities discussed at NATO strenghtened, with the additional aim of peaks have been defined according to the avoiding possible shortcomes, thus enabling changes of the given era and the experience quick and efficient reaction, when needed at gained during activity. In my opinion, quick the place of possible crisis spots. and effective response to the constantly During the multinational operations evolving new threats is only possible, if we of Afghanistan and the Balcans, NATO recognise the directions, which help our armed forces cooperate woth several other aims, and are able to define the principles nations and organisations, which further and tools to reach our goals. This is a stresses the importance of compatibility and natural task of every NATO member states, interoperability in the whole spectrum of defining the constant development greatly. operations, regarding technical, methodical and personnel-related aspects as well. 2.2. Lisbon Summit For the sake of higher protection for (19-20 November 2010) the information networks of the Alliance The summit agreed on a new strategic and its members, the development of concept strenghtening transatlantic alliance infocommunication assets has to be of and fostering efficient response to the new highest interest, since this field also is put types of threats. The peak, being of high in the foreground on the list of recent importance regarding info-communication threats. The occurance of cyber attacks is support and cyber-defence capabilities, puts increasingly possible, against which the the focus on non-conventional threats and creation of new capabilities was urged. creates Emerging Security Challenges “To prevent and respond to such attacks, in Division (ESCD). line with our agreed Policy on Cyber Previous summits already have put a Defence, we have established a NATO stress on terrorism, events threatening Cyber Defence Management Authority, energy service, proliferation of WMD-s, improved the existing Computer Incident and cyberattacks as activities destabilising Response Capability, and activated the security, but this was the first time, that the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of possible counter-measures have been Excellence in Estonia” (NATO, 2009, collected together. Regarding new types of p. 49). The mission of the Cooperative threats, given possible attack (such as in the 10 cyber space) against one member state not 2.3. Chicago Summit (20-21 May 2012) necessarily has the same impact on the New strategic concept, as defined in other members, since it cannot necessarily Lissabon comprises of three basic pillars, be regarded as being attack against NATO. such as collective defence, active Based on this, the response is also a cooperation and crisis management. Threats question, since not necessarily has a have to be met as a comprehension, still military force to be deployed as answer. with a scope on dinamic changing security All these highly affect the definition of the environment, and with the creation of field of collective defence. In my opinion financial background. After the financial this has created a similar situation to that crisis, the defence budget of the nations after the terror events of 2001, when the were cut back, which makes complex type of attack, and the decision, whether the security more hard to manage, thus attack happened against one member only, threatening the goals set. Existing capabilites had to be maintained further as a or the whole alliance, where of question. fundament of the Alliance being able to Other feature of the new types of attacks is, realise complex and synchronised that it’s not always realised by a state or operations, with the need of adaptable and alliance, the actor can be any type of quickly deployable forces.To secure this, organisation, and that the aim is not smart defence concept was created, necessarily of military nature, but possibly containing a new way of thinking. economical for example to destabilise the The point is that the member states have to given country. cooperate in some key features, developing Closer cooperation is visibly more capabilities together, also sharing and more stronger in the field of cyber responsibility. This way ongoing defence and information operations, also development has been secured, just as the growing request for national level cyber maintaining of defence capability with defence capability emerged, beyond that, efficient economic support. NATO members unite in a centralised and Further fields of development served integrated cyber defence system. efficiency and ability to react, with the most Missile defence system became a important being: the renewal of command component of this striving as a part of structure, rationalisation of command, reform network capability. Tendencies show in a of handling resources, and the consolidation direction, that command, control and of NATO agencies, also involving the communication (C3) capability of the creation of new ones, such as NATO Support Active Layered Theatre Ballistic Missile and Procurement Agency (NSPA) and Defence (ALTBMD) program has to be NATO Communications and Information strenghtened, and expanded beyond the Agency (NCI Agency). Latter is of key deployable forces also to the teritory of the importance in the field of infocommunication European allied countries. support. NCI recently secures the
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