SARASVATI RIVER (Circa 3000 to 1500 B.C.)
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BRIEF Information About the Jojari
JOJARI Revival and Protection River Focused - Integrated and Composite Water Resources Management cGanga Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies © cGanga and NMCG, 2020 JOJARI Revival and Protection River Focused - Integrated and Composite Water Resources Management December 2020 cGanga Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies © cGanga and NMCG, 2020 River Focused - Integrated and Composite Water Resources Management National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) NMCG is the implementation wing of National Ganga Council which was setup in October 2016 under the River Ganga Authority order 2016. Initially NMCG was registered as a society on 12th August 2011 under the Societies Registration Act 1860. It acted as implementation arm of National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) which was constituted under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA) 1986. NGRBA has since been dissolved with effect from the 7th October 2016, consequent to constitution of National Council for Restoration, Protection and Management of River Ganga (referred to as National Ganga Council). Preface www.nmcg.in Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies (cGanga) NATIONAL RIVER Ganga has been at the center of river system were brought into focus for restorative cGanga is a think tank formed under the aegis of NMCG, and one of its stated objectives is to make India a world leader in river and water the government’s multi-decadal efforts to restore action because they could be restored and science. The Centre is headquartered at IIT Kanpur and has representation from most leading science and technological institutes of the country. and conserve degraded Indian rivers. -
IJSECT September 2015
CHAPTER-X "The movement of goods must imply the transit of ideas and it is the archaeologist's function to elicit the evidence and to draw the proper conclusion from it* (Mallowan, 1965: 1). 312 CONCLUSION We might now look back at the material presented in the preceding chapters and see what general observations can be made from the evidence as regards the (1) distribution of pre-Harappan culture, (2) its origin and (3) its survival. It must once again be emphasized that the most important pre-Harappan culture so far known is Kalibangan, even though we know only a little of the vast information recorded at this site. All other sites have to be viewed and arranged in chronological position in relation to Kalibangan. (A) TERMINOLOGY A sound name or spoliation is necessary for the pre-Harappan culture revealed at Kalibangan and the eleven explored sites on the Sarasvati-Ghaggar-Hakra river. At pre sent} scholars call it by several names such as Kot-Dijian, Kalibangan I and Sothi. Ghosh had in 1965 considered the names "Sarasvati", "Ghaggar", "Kalibangan I" and "Sothi" but he had preferred the last one. Thapar (1965: 136) on comparing the "component elements" from Sothi and Kalibangan I feels that the latter is a more appropriate name for the culture. It is evident from Chapter VII that no two sites have yielded an identical number of ceramic types and wares. This is probably due to our inadequate knowledge of these 313 sites and not to the inherent paucity of ceramic material on them. Hence, it becomes difficult to evaluate all the dis covered sites with Kalibangan I as their yardstick solely on account of the latter having been thoroughly explored and excavated. -
Rajasthan State Pollutio Department of Civi Rajasthan State Pollution
Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Abatement Action Plan for Critically Polluted Industrial Cluster– JODHPUR Submitted to: Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board Submitted by: Department of Civil Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jaipur, Rajasthan – 302017 May 2020 Report and Investigators detail Project Title: Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Abatement Action Plan for Critically Polluted Industrial Cluster of Jodhpur Investigators: PI: Prof.Rohit Goyal Co-PI: Prof. A. B. Gupta Co-PI: Dr.SumitKhandelwal Co-PI: Dr.Sandeep Shrivastava Co-PI: Dr.Amit Kumar i Table of Contents Particulars Page No. Report and Investigators Detail i Table of contents ii List of figures iv List of tables vi Executive Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 2. Jodhpur Industrial Cluster 2 2.1 Area and Demography 2 2.2 Topography 2 2.3 Climate 4 2.4 Geology and Soils 5 2.5 Vegetation 6 2.6 Industrial Development 7 2.6.1 Location of industrial Areas 7 2.6.2 Industry Classification and distribution in Jodhpur 8 2.6.3 Land uses in impact zones 9 2.7 Eco-sensitive Zones 10 2.7.1 Ecological Parks, Sanctuaries, Flora and Fauna 10 2.7.2 Historical Monuments 10 3. Estimation of CEPI 11 3.1 Air Environment 11 3.1.1 Wind Rose for the area and ambient air quality monitoring station 11 3.1.2 Trends for air quality 13 3.2 Water Environment 16 3.2.1 Major water bodies (Rivers. Lakes. ponds etc.) and groundwater 16 3.2.2 Trends for water quality 22 3.3 CEPI Score 25 3.3.1 CEPI Score with original Methodology 25 3.3.2 CEPI Score with revised Methodology 28 4. -
3-Art-Of-Indus-Valley.Pdf
Harappan civilization 2 Architecture 2 Drainage System 3 The planning of the residential houses were also meticulous. 4 Town Planning 4 Urban Culture 4 Occupation 5 Export import product of 5 Clothing 5 Important centres 6 Religious beliefs 6 Script 7 Authority and governance 7 Technology 8 Architecture Of Indus Valley Civilisation 9 The GAP 9 ARTS OF THE INDUS VALLEY 11 Stone Statues 12 MALE TORSO 12 Bust of a bearded priest 13 Male Dancer 14 Bronze Casting 14 DANCING GIRL 15 BULL 16 Terracotta 16 MOTHER GODDESS 17 Seals 18 Pashupati Seal 19 Copper tablets 19 Bull Seal 20 Pottery 21 PAINTED EARTHEN JAR 22 Beads and Ornaments 22 Toy Animal with moveable head 24 Page !1 of !26 Harappan civilization India has a continuous history covering a very long period. Evidence of neolithic habitation dating as far back as 7000 BC has been found in Mehrgarh in Baluchistan. However, the first notable civilization flourished in India around 2700 BC in the north western part of the Indian subcontinent, covering a large area. The civilization is referred to as the Harappan civilization. Most of the sites of this civilization developed on the banks of Indus, Ghaggar and its tributaries. Architecture The excavations at Harappa and Mohenjodaro and several other sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation revealed the existence of a very modern urban civilisation with expert town planning and engineering skills. The very advanced drainage system along with well planned roads and houses show that a sophisticated and highly evolved culture existed in India before the coming of the Aryans. -
Sarasvati Civilization, Script and Veda Culture Continuum of Tin-Bronze Revolution
Sarasvati Civilization, script and Veda culture continuum of Tin-Bronze Revolution The monograph is presented in the following sections: Introduction including Abstract Section 1. Tantra yukti deciphers Indus Script Section 2. Momentous discovery of Soma samsthā yāga on Vedic River Sarasvati Basin Section 3. Binjor seal Section 4. Bhāratīya itihāsa, Indus Script hypertexts signify metalwork wealth-creation by Nāga-s in paṭṭaḍa ‘smithy’ = phaḍa फड ‘manufactory, company, guild, public office, keeper of all accounts, registers’ Section 5. Gaṇeśa pratimā, Gardez, Afghanistan is an Indus Script hypertext to signify Superintendent of phaḍa ‘metala manufactory’ Section 6. Note on the cobra hoods of Daimabad chariot Section 7 Note on Mohenjo-daro seal m0304: phaḍā ‘metals manufactory’ Section 8. Conclusion Introduction The locus of Veda culture and Sarasvati Civilization is framed by the Himalayan ranges and the Indian Ocean. 1 The Himalayan range stretches from Hanoi, Vietnam to Teheran, Iran and defines the Ancient Maritime Tin Route of the Indian Ocean – āsetu himācalam, ‘from the Setu to Himalayaś. Over several millennia, the Great Water Tower of frozen glacial waters nurtures over 3 billion people. The rnge is still growing, is dynamic because of plate tectonics of Indian plate juttng into and pushing up the Eurasian plate. This dynamic explains river migrations and consequent desiccation of the Vedic River Sarasvati in northwestern Bhāratam. Intermediation of the maritime tin trade through the Indian Ocean and waterways of Rivers Mekong, Irrawaddy, Salween, Ganga, Sarasvati, Sindhu, Persian Gulf, Tigris-Euphrates, the Mediterranean is done by ancient Meluhha (mleccha) artisans and traders, the Bhāratam Janam celebrated by R̥ ṣi Viśvāmitra in R̥ gveda (RV 3.53.12). -
POTTERY ANALYSIS of Kuntasl CHAPTEH IV
CHAPTER IV POTTERY ANALYSIS OF KUNTASl CHAPTEH IV POTTBKY ANALYSIS OF KUNTASI IV-A. KUNTASI, A HARAPPAN SITE IN WESTKRN SAUKASHTKA IV-A-1. Gujarat and its regions The ancient site of Kuntasi (22" 53’ OO” N - 70“ :J2 ’ OO" H '; Taluka Maliya, Dislricl l^ajkot) lies about two kilomelres soulh- easl of the present village, on the right (north) bank of the meandering, ephemeral nala of Zinzoda. The village of Kuntasi lies just on the border of three districts, viz., Rajkot, Jamnagar and Kutch (Fig. 1). Geographically, Kuntasi is located at the north western corner of Saurashtra bordering Kutch, almost at the mouth of the Little Rann. Thus, the location of the site itself is very interesting and unique. Three regions of Gujarat^ : Gujarat is roughly divided into three divisions, namely Anarta (northern Gujarat), Lata (southern Gujarat from Mahi to Tapi rivers) and Saurashtra (Sankalia 1941: 4- 6; Shah 1968: 56-62). The recent anthropological field survey has also revealed major “ eco-cultural” zones or the folk regions perceived by the local people in Gujarat (North, South and Saurashtra) identical with the traditional divisions, adding Kutch as the fourth region (Singh 1992: 34 and Map 1). These divisions also agree well more or less with the physiographical divisions, which are also broadly divided into three distinct units, viz. the mainland or the plains of (North and South combined) Gujarat, the Saurashtra peninsular and Kutch (Deshpande 1992: 119)'. -72- The mainland or the plains of Gujarat is characleri zed by a flat tract of alluvium formed by the rivers such as Banas and Kupen X draining out into the Little Rann of Kutch, and Sabarmati, Mahi, Narmada, Tapi, etc.(all these rivers are almost perennial) into the Gulf of Khambhat. -
Historical Anthropology of Cholistan Through Folk Tradition
Abdul Razzaq Shahid1 Muhammad Shafique 2 Zulfiqar Ahmad Tabassam3 Historical Anthropology of Cholistan Through Folk Tradition Abstract Folklore are consist of historical legend which form popular belief, customs, rituals and different types of traditional mega-narratives. Story-telling is an ancient profession and tradition of human civilization; thus folklore is a very common phenomenon to primitive racial societies as well as post modern complex cosmopolitan cultures. The folklore records the memory of how society or certain tribes lead their life through the history. It brings to lights various aspects of society dealing with religion, rituals, customs, beliefs, superstitions etc. It also provides background data to study the politics, economy and state of knowledge amongst given structure of cultures. That is why while writing history, historians have to rely heavily on the tradition of folklore. The same is the case with Cholistan and neighboring Rajhistan. James Tod in his Annals and Anquities of Rajhastan relied heavily on the data provided by Folklorists. Writing this paper oral sources of folklore are relied along with written sources 1. Introduction. Cholistan, once a part of Rajhistan in history, is an area which is called Southern cradle of Indus valley civilization around the river Sarswati which is lost in history.4 Sarswati has been meant as ‘passing Water’5 and also as ‘goddess of knowledge, art and music’6 in ancient mythic tradition of Hindustan. It is supposed to be the region where Rig Ved was composed and orally transmitted to the generations to come.7 A large number of Archeological evidences at Phulra, Fort Marot, Derawar Fort etc., and shrines of Sufis confirm the ancient historical status of the region. -
Religion and Militancy in Pakistan and Afghanistan
Religion and Militancy in Pakistan and Afghanistan in Pakistan and Militancy Religion a report of the csis program on crisis, conflict, and cooperation Religion and Militancy in Pakistan and Afghanistan a literature review 1800 K Street, NW | Washington, DC 20006 Project Director Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199 Robert D. Lamb E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org Author Mufti Mariam Mufti June 2012 ISBN 978-0-89206-700-8 CSIS Ë|xHSKITCy067008zv*:+:!:+:! CHARTING our future a report of the csis program on crisis, conflict, and cooperation Religion and Militancy in Pakistan and Afghanistan a literature review Project Director Robert L. Lamb Author Mariam Mufti June 2012 CHARTING our future About CSIS—50th Anniversary Year For 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has developed practical solutions to the world’s greatest challenges. As we celebrate this milestone, CSIS scholars continue to provide strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart a course toward a better world. CSIS is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 full-time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analysis and de- velop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Since 1962, CSIS has been dedicated to finding ways to sustain American prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world. After 50 years, CSIS has become one of the world’s pre- eminent international policy institutions focused on defense and security; regional stability; and transnational challenges ranging from energy and climate to global development and economic integration. -
Arts of the Indus Valley
2 ARTS OF THE INDUS VALLEY HE arts of the Indus Valley Civilisation emerged during Tthe second half of the third millennium BCE. The forms of art found from various sites of the civilisation include sculptures, seals, pottery, jewellery, terracotta figures, etc. The artists of that time surely had fine artistic sensibilities and a vivid imagination. Their delineation of human and animal figures was highly realistic in nature, since the anatomical details included in them were unique, and, in the case of terracotta art, the modelling of animal figures was done in an extremely careful manner. The two major sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation, along the Indus river—the cities of Harappa in the north and Mohenjodaro in the south—showcase one of earliest examples of civic planning. Other markers were houses, markets, storage facilities, offices, public baths, etc., arranged in a grid-like pattern. There was also a highly developed drainage system. While Harappa and Mohenjodaro are situated in Pakistan, the important sites excavated in India are Lothal and Dholavira in Gujarat, Rakhigarhi in Haryana, Bust of a bearded priest Ropar in Punjab, Kalibangan in Rajasthan, etc. Stone Statues Statues whether in stone, bronze or terracotta found in Harappan sites are not abundant, but refined. The stone statuaries found at Harappa and Mohenjodaro are excellent examples of handling three-dimensional volumes. In stone are two male figures—one is a torso in red sandstone and the other is a bust of a bearded man in soapstone—which are extensively discussed. The figure of the bearded man, interpreted as a priest, is draped in a shawl coming under the right arm and covering the left shoulder. -
Haryana Chapter Kurukshetra
Panchkula Yamunanagar INTACH Ambala Haryana Chapter Kurukshetra Kaithal Karnal Sirsa Fatehabad Jind Panipat Hisar Sonipat Rohtak Bhiwani Jhajjar Gurgaon Mahendragarh Rewari Palwal Mewat Faridabad 4 Message from Chairman, INTACH 08 Ambala Maj. Gen. L.K. Gupta AVSM (Retd.) 10 Faridabad-Palwal 5 Message from Chairperson, INTACH Haryana Chapter 11 Gurgaon Mrs. Komal Anand 13 Kurukshetra 7 Message from State Convener, INTACH Haryana Chapter 15 Mahendragarh Dr. Shikha Jain 17 Rohtak 18 Rewari 19 Sonipat 21 Yamunanagar 22 Military Heritage of Haryana by Dr. Jagdish Parshad and Col. Atul Dev SPECIAL SECTION ON ARCHAEOLOGY AND RAKHIGARHI 26 Urban Harappans in Haryana: With special reference to Bhiwani, Hisar, Jhajjar, Jind, Karnal and Sirsa by Apurva Sinha 28 Rakhigarhi: Architectural Memory by Tapasya Samal and Piyush Das 33 Call for an International Museum & Research Center for Harrapan Civilization, at Rakhigarhi by Surbhi Gupta Tanga (Director, RASIKA: Art & Design) MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN INTACH Over 31 years from its inception, INTACH has been dedicated towards conservation of heritage, which has reflected in its various works in the field of documentation of tangible and intangible assets. It has also played a crucial role in generating awareness about the cultural heritage of the country, along with heritage awareness programmes for children, professionals and INTACH members. The success of INTACH is dedicated to its volunteers, conveners and members who have provided valuable inputs and worked in coordination with each other. INTACH has been successful in generating awareness among the local people by working closely with the local authorities, local community and also involving the youth. There has been active participation by people, with addition of new members every year. -
Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Final Report Consortium for Development Policy Research
Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Final Report Consortium for Development Policy Research ABSTRACT This report documents the technical support provided by the Design Team, deployed by CDPR, and covers the recommendations for institutional and regulatory reforms as well as a proposed private sector participation framework for tourism sector in Punjab, in the context of religious tourism, to stimulate investment and economic growth. Pakistan: Cultural and Heritage Tourism Project ---------------------- (Back of the title page) ---------------------- This page is intentionally left blank. 2 Consortium for Development Policy Research Pakistan: Cultural and Heritage Tourism Project TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS 56 LIST OF FIGURES 78 LIST OF TABLES 89 LIST OF BOXES 910 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1112 1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1819 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1819 1.2 PAKISTAN’S TOURISM SECTOR 1819 1.3 TRAVEL AND TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS 2324 1.4 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF TOURISM SECTOR 2526 1.4.1 INTERNATIONAL TOURISM 2526 1.4.2 DOMESTIC TOURISM 2627 1.5 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL HERITAGE / RELIGIOUS TOURISM 2728 1.5.1 SIKH TOURISM - A CASE STUDY 2930 1.5.2 BUDDHIST TOURISM - A CASE STUDY 3536 1.6 DEVELOPING TOURISM - KEY ISSUES & CHALLENGES 3738 1.6.1 CHALLENGES FACED BY TOURISM SECTOR IN PUNJAB 3738 1.6.2 CHALLENGES SPECIFIC TO HERITAGE TOURISM 3940 2 EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR TOURISM SECTOR 4344 2.1 CURRENT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 4344 2.1.1 YOUTH AFFAIRS, SPORTS, ARCHAEOLOGY AND TOURISM -
Architectural Features of the Early Harappan Forts
Ancient Punjab – Volume 8, 2020 103 ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF THE EARLY HARAPPAN FORTS Umesh Kumar Singh ABSTRACT What is generally called the Indus or the Harappan Civilization or Culture and used as interchangeable terms for the fifth millennium BCE Bronze Age Indian Civilization. Cunningham (1924: 242) referred vaguely to the remains of the walled town of Harappa and Masson (1842, I: 452) had camped in front of the village and ruinous brick castle. Wheeler (1947: 61) mentions it would appear from the context of Cunningham and Masson intended merely to distinguish the high mounds of the site from the vestiges of occupation on the lower ground round about and the latter doubt less the small Moghul fort which now encloses the police station on the eastern flank of the site. Burnes, about 1831, has referred to a ruined citadel on the river towards the northern side (Burnes 1834: 137). Marshall (1931) and Mackay (1938) also suspected of identifying Burnes citadel and Mackay (1938) had to suspend his excavations whilst in the act of examining a substantial structure which he was inclined to think was a part of city wall. Wheeler had discovered a limited number of pottery fragments from the pre- defense levels at Harappa in 1946 but the evidence was too meager to provoke serious discussion. The problem of origin and epi-centre of the Harappa Culture has confronted scholars since its discovery and in this context the most startling archaeological discoveries made and reported by Rafique Mughal (1990) is very significant and is a matter of further research work.