UNITED REPUBLIC OF ENGINEERS REGISTRATION BOARD

15TH ANNUAL ENGINEERS DAY

Dr. Convection Centre - DODOMA

September 7– 8, 2017

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

THEME

“Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics for Industrialization towards Socio-economic Development”

TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... I PREFACE ...... II 1.0 OPENING SESSION ...... 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1.1 Greetings from the Dodoma Regional Commissioner ...... 1 1.1.2 Introduction from the ERB Acting Registrar...... 1 1.2 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ...... 2 1.3 STATEMENT FROM ONE OF THE FOREIGN DELEGATES ...... 4 1.4 OATH TAKING CEREMONY ...... 4 1.5 PRESENTATION OF AWARDS TO BEST GRADUATING STUDENTS AND FOREIGN DELEGATES ...... 4 1.6 SIGNING OF THE MOU BETWEEN ERB AND THE EGYPTIAN SYNDICATE OF ENGINEERS (ESE) ...... 5 1.7 WELCOMING SPEECH ...... 6 1.8 OPENING SPEECH BY THE CHIEF GUEST ...... 6 1.9 VOTE OF THANKS ...... 7 1.10 GROUP PHOTOGRAPHS AND TOUR OF EXHIBITIONS ...... 8 2.0 LEARNED DISCOURSE ...... 9

2.1 SESSION1: PLENARY...... 9 2.1.1 Chairperson Eng. Prof. Ninatubu M. Lema ...... 9 2.1.2 Keynote Address: The Role of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics for Industrialization towards Socio-economic Developments ...... 9 2.1.3 Discussions ...... 9 2.2 SESSION 2: SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION, RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ...... 10 2.2. 1 Chairperson Eng. Col (Rtd.) Joseph L. Simbakalia ...... 10 2.2.2 Paper on the Role of Education for Industrial development in Tanzania –by Hon. Prof. Joyce L. Ndalichako (MP) ...... 11 2.2.3 Discussions ...... 11 2.3 SESSION 3: INNOVATION, MARKETING & ENTREPRENEURSHIP ...... 12 2.3.1 Chairperson: Eng. Dr. ...... 12 2.3.2 Paper on Innovation, Marketing and Entrepreneurship – by Prof. Elisante Ole Gabriel ...... 12 2.3.3 Entrepreneurship Talk – by Eng. Juma Rajabu ...... 13 2.3.4 General Discussions ...... 14 2.4 SESSION 4: ENVIRONMENT & ICT IN EDUCATION ...... 14 2.4.1 Chairperson: Eng. Prof. Esnati O. Chaggu ...... 14 2.4.2 Enhancement of Industrial Development While Ensuring Sustainable Environmental Protection In Tanzania: The Need To Balance The Opposing Demands...... 14 2.4.3 Paper on ICT for fostering industrialization and socio – economic development in Tanzania – by Eng. Prof. Justinian Anatory (UDOM) ...... 16 2.4.4 General Discussions ...... 17 3.0 PRESENTATIONS BY EXHIBITORS ...... 18 4.0 RESOLUTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS...... 19 5.0 SESSION 5: CLOSSING SESSION ...... 20

5.1 REMARKS FROM THE ERB BOARD CHAIRMAN ...... 20 5.2 VOTE OF THANKS – BY ENG. ZENA SAID, REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARY, TANGA ...... 21 5.3 CLOSING SPEECH – BY ENG. JOSEPH NYAMHANGA, PERMANENT SECRETARY (WORKS) ...... 22

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PREFACE

The Engineers Registration Board has been organizing an annual event namely the Annual Engineers Day (AED) since 2003. The main purpose of AED is to provide a forum for engineers to exchange experiences through discussion in a Learned Discourse, exhibit engineering related products and services to the public, as well as awards to best final year engineering students from various institutions in the country. The latter is intended to encourage Tanzanian engineering students to excel in their studies and also encourage young generation to study engineering programmes.

Each year, a theme is selected to guide the AED conference and in particular the learned discourse, depending on the major engineering challenges facing the nation in realizing its development agenda. The theme for AED 2017 is “Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) for Industrialization towards Socio-economic Development.”

This document provides a compilation of the papers presented and discussed in the Learned Discourse on the selected theme. The papers cover areas related to Skills Development, Education System for Industrialization, Entrepreneurship, Small, Medium & Micro Enterprises Development, Environmental Issues and ICT for Fostering Industrialization. Participants had the opportunity to discuss and contribute to the papers during the conference aiming at enriching and enhancing their content.

Sessions were arranged to suit the theme wherein 2588 engineers including foreign delegates from Egypt, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda and representative from the Royal Norwegian Embassy attended.

The Chief Guest, Ambassador Eng. John W.H. Kijazi officiated the opening of the event that was held at the Dr. Jakaya Kikwete Convention Centre, in Dodoma on September 7, 2017. Ambassador Kijazi as well presented awards to best graduating engineering students, presented certificates of appreciation to foreign delegates and finally visited exhibitions of technologies and products.

The various events including photos have been included in this document.

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1.0 OPENING SESSION

1.1 Introduction The event started with the National Anthem. After the National Anthem, the Event Manager, Eng. Dr. Richard Masika welcomed participants to the 15th Annual Engineers Day and introduced engineers in groups. He then welcomed Hon. Simon Odunga (the Chemba District Commissioner) to deliver greetings on behalf of the Dodoma Regional Commissioner.

1.1.1 Greetings from the Dodoma Regional Commissioner

Honourable Simon Odunga, Chemba District Commissioner gave greetings to the high table and to all participants in attendance on behalf of the Dodoma Regional Commissioner. He explained the apology of the Regional Commissioner who could not attend due to other national commitments.

He assured the Chief Guest and all delegates on the security of the region and thanked ERB for their decision to hold the event in Dodoma. “Engineers are professionals who are working according to the code of ethics. The Dodoma city is depending on you to construct the Capital city,” He said that the engineers have the role to ensure that our factories produce quality and affordable products.

He particularly welcomed the Guest of Honour, Ambassador Eng. John Kijazi and said that he was the catalyst for the capital to move to Dodoma. He finally wished all participants good and fruitful deliberations.

1.1.2 Introduction from the ERB Acting Registrar

Eng. Patrick Barozi, the Acting Registrar carried out a brief introduction of the high table that included the Hon. Chief Secretary, Ambassador Eng. John W. H. Kijazi, the Dodoma Acting Regional Commissioner Mr. Simon Odunga, Permanents Secretaries, Deputy Permanent Secretaries, Government officers, distinguished officials and foreign delegates. He also introduced participants in groups.

He took the opportunity on behalf of ERB, to welcome the Chief Guest to the big event for engineers. He thanked the Chief Secretary for agreeing to attend the important engineer’s event. He told the Chief Guest that the Board is mandated with monitoring and regulating the engineering practice in Tanzania. He also said that the Board will continue to register all qualified engineers; ensure that engineers adhere to the code of ethics and that all engineering works were being carried out to the highest required standards.

The Acting Registrar mentioned that Tanzania has a total of 19134 engineers to date. He mentioned that one of the challenges was that most of the big jobs are done by foreign companies.

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He however thanked TANROADS for engaging more local engineers to participate in roads construction.

He explained to the Chief Guest that the AED was the biggest event for engineers and that it was the first time the event was organized in Dodoma, the capital city. He thanked all who participated towards the organization of the event, including the Minister for Works, Transport and Communication, Prof. , for the role he played for the close follow up of the event preparations. He thanked the organizing committee, Board of directors, Permanent Secretary (Works), Eng. Joseph Nyamhanga, various sponsors and the entire ERB staff.

The Acting Registrar informed the Guest of Honour that the Oath taking for engineers was now part of the AED event and mentioned that it would be customarily carried out during the event. He said that “160 engineers will take Oath before the Chief Guest during the event”.

In conclusion, the Acting Registrar thanked Eng. Professor Ninatubu Lema, Chairman ERB, for leading ERB well and requested him to deliver the welcoming remarks.

1.2 Introductory Remarks By Eng. Prof. Ninatubu Lema, Chairman ERB The Chairman, Eng. Prof. Lema, on behalf of the Engineers Registration Board and the engineering community, thanked the Chief Guest and all the invited dignitaries, foreign guests and participants for accepting the invitation to participate in this annual event. Prof. Lema recognised the presence of various important personalities. He revealed that the Chief Guest once served as member of the ERB Board of Directors very successfully and set the ERB as an example.

He thanked the well attended engineers and said that the attendance was a record. He told the Guest of Honour that, the aim of the meeting was to meet and discuss on issues related to the development of the country, exchange experience and showcase various technologies and products. He also said that the in every meeting engineers come out with resolutions.

He said that four important resolutions came out of last year’s Annual Engineers Day. He mentioned the resolutions as follows:

i. Tanzania must construct own gold smelters to stop the exports of mineral sand by mining companies,”

On construction of gold smelter(s) in Tanzania; the committee advised that it was possible to construct gold smelters in the country and therefore stop the exports of mineral sand by mining companies. The committee had done preliminary study and communicated with Austria and Germany who can provide the technology for smelting the gold concentrate.

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ii. The laws concerning the participation of the local engineers to the national big projects should be reviewed so as to enable a good number (0%) of local engineers participate in national big projects.

He said that a concept paper has been prepared and recommendations will be submitted for further action.

iii. The number of technicians should be increased so as to get the required ratio of engineer: technicians as per ILO standard ratio which is (1:5:25);

He explained that the Loan Board have agreed to support the technicians which will enable more technicians to join technical schools.

iv. Engineers construct their own Mhandisi House in Dodoma. The plot is already acquired and it is approximated that Tshs 10 billion is required for the construction.

Prof. Lema said that the Board formed committees to address on each resolution. He was glad to say that the reports on the resolutions will be submitted to the Government for implementation.

Prof. Lema said that engineers appreciated the efforts by the fifth Government towards building an industrial economy and attaining a middle-income economy by 2025; and that engineers were committed to help the Government to that endeavour. That’s why during the last two annual events, the theme of discussion centred on industrialization.

He said that the theme for year 2017 was “Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics for Industrialization towards Socio-economic Development”.

Prof. Lema finally requested the Chief Guest to assist in the following: 1. Local engineers be given preferences in big national projects; 2. Capacity building to young engineers and create job opportunities to young engineers; 3. Facilitate the enactment of a law that no foreign engineering companies will be given jobs without collaboration with local engineers; 4. The Government assist in the development of the Mhandisi House; 5. Government continue provide funds for the training of Graduate engineers in SEAP; and 6. Other government technical ministries also contribute/provide funds for SEAP training.

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1.3 Statement from one of the Foreign Delegates Eng. Ms. Katherine VestbØstad, Royal Norwegian Embassy

Ms. Katrine VestbØstad who represented the Royal Norwegian Embassy, expressed her appreciation to ERB and mentioned that the Norwegian Government would continue with its endeavour to support women engineers in SEAP so as to meet the aspired objectives.

“Norway believes that empowering women will bring both economic growth and industrialisation. The Norwegian support has increased the number of female professional engineers from 96 in 2010 to 375 women engineers to date.” She added that women

engineers would open new doors for progress in a gender unbalanced profession.

1.4 Oath Taking Ceremony The State Attorney, Advocate J.M. Karayemaha officiated the Oath taking whereby a total of 160 engineers took oath and explained the importance of the oath to engineers. The Chief Guest witnessed the Oath Taking and promised that being an engineer himself; he will do so in the near future.

1.5 Presentation of Awards to Best Graduating Students and Foreign Delegates Eng. Patrick Barozi read the names of 35 Best Graduating Students in each Engineering discipline from different Universities. He said that all would be awarded certificates of appreciation and a Laptop each, donated by local organizations and individuals. He said that a total of 20 best graduating female engineers would be awarded certificates and laptops provided under Norwegian Government support. He also said that awards shall be given as follows: (a) Best overall graduating students would be awarded laptops and certificates of recognition; (b) Best graduating females would be awarded laptops; (c) The GoH would be given a special award (a Shield/Trophy); (d) All Foreign delegates from Malawi, Uganda, Egypt and Rwanda would be awarded with trophies and Certificates of Appreciation.

All foreign delegates were presented their awards by the Chief Guest.

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The Chief Guest presents a certificate to one ERB Chairman Eng. Prof. Ninatubu Lema of the best Graduating Engineering Female Student presents a trophy to the Chief Guest, Amb. Eng. John Kijazi

Left: The Chief Guest presents a trophy/souvenir to Mrs. Ellen Chapinduka (Foreign delegate from Malawi)

1.6 Signing of the MoU between ERB and the Egyptian Syndicate of Engineers (ESE) Eng. Barozi explained that the ERB and ESE have agreed on collaboration in matters involving registration, regulation and promotion of engineering profession and would sign a Memorandum of Understanding between the two institutions. After explaining the articles of cooperation, Eng. Prof. Ninatubu Lema ERB Chairman signed on behalf of ERB and Eng. Tarek El Nabarawy – President of the Egyptian Syndicate of Engineers signed on behalf of ESE.

Left: The President of the Egyptian Syndicate of Engineers (ESE), Eng. Tarek El Nabarawy and the ERB Chairman Eng. Prof. Ninatubu M. Lema signing the Memorandum of Understanding between the two institutions

After the signing ceremony the President of ESE Eng. Tarek El Nabarawy gave greetings from Egypt.

He thanked ERB and Tanzanians for their hospitality; he said that their country have 700,000 engineers; and promised that they will start to implement the cooperation immediately in terms of exchange of technology and capacity building of engineers.

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1.7 Welcoming Speech

By Eng. Joseph Nyamhanga (Permanent Secretary –Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication (Works) Eng. Joseph Nyamhanga, Permanent Secretary- Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication (Works) on behalf the Minister thanked the Chief Guest Ambassador Eng. John Kijazi for sparing time to grace the opening of the AED 2017.

The Permanant Secretary conveyed sincere greetings to distinguished officials, foreign delegates and all other participants.

He said that the State has invested a lot in the training of engineers and therefore engineers have a great role to play in order to make Tanzania industrialised. He reiterated that the Ministry of Works shall do all whatever it can to utilize the engineers for the development of the country.

Eng. Nyamhanga commended engineers and said that on the infrastructure; the road sector has shown drastic improvement.

In conclusion, he welcomed the Chief Secretary to address engineers and to officially open the 15th Annual Engineers Day 2017.

1.8 Opening Speech by the Chief Guest

The Chief Guest, Ambassador Eng. John W. H. Kijazi, began by thanking the Minister for Works, Transport and Communication, the Permanent Secretary and ERB for the invitation that was extended to H.E. Dr. John Pombe Joseph Magufuli, President of the United Republic of Tanzania, to open the Annual Engineers Day.

He specially thanked the President, H.E. Dr. John Pombe Magufuli for the honour he accorded him to represent him to the great and important event. “The President wished very much to be with you today, but due to other national commitments, he was not able to do so. However, the President has told me to deliver his congratulations to all of you, and wished you all the best in celebrating with success the big event”, he said.

The Chief Secretary congratulated ERB and all responsible for successfully organizing such a big event which was attended by more than 2,500 participants from within and out of the country and conveyed special greetings to foreign delegates. The Chief Guest took the opportunity to invite all to Dodoma, the Capital city of Tanzania.

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The Chief Guest said also that the rate of development of any country worldwide was proportional to the number of engineers; and revealed that the number of engineers in Tanzania 19,134 was small and does not meet the needs of the professionals. Despite having few engineers as compared to other countries, he requested engineers to work vigilantly and ethically.

On projects development in the country, he mentioned a number of major projects in the country that provide opportunities to various engineers in various disciplines. Such projects included:

i. The Mchuchuma Coal Project; ii. The iron Project in Liganga; iii. The Standard Gauge Railway construction; iv. The revival of the National airline; v. The construction of the Stigler’s Gorge hydropower production at the Rufiji River; vi. Construction of the TAZARA Flyover, and Ubungo interchange; vii. etc.

He was impressed by the chosen theme, and said that the theme reflected the 5th phase goal of building an industrial economy; and emphasized that all the resolutions emanating from the meeting should be assessed and implemented. “Use your Boards to bring to me your suggestions”, he said.

The Chief Secretary agreed to bear the challenges facing the engineers as mentioned by the Board Chairman, because that was part of his responsibilities.

In response to the requests by the Chairman, the Chief Secretary directed as follows: 1. The proposal on the request for local participation/local content for all projects be prepared and submitted to him; 2. The proposal for the request for other government technical ministries to contribute/provide funds to SEAP training should also be submitted to him;

Ambassador Eng. John Kijazi also commended the Royal Norwegian Government through its Embassy in Dar es Salaam and the World Bank for their financial support to SEAP. He also commended ACET and IET for conducting CPD programmes for engineers.

In regards to roads construction, the Chief Secretary, was happy that an agency is now in place which is response for rural roads. He requested TARURA to work professionally for the betterment of our roads. He wanted our regulatory Boards to take stern legal measures against all people who work below standards.

“I have agreed to be a link between engineers and government, he asserted; and directed that all recommendations from the meeting be sent to him.

The Chief Guest finally wished to all participants good deliberations and success and officially declared the 15th Annual Engineers Day open.

1.9 Vote of Thanks Eng. Prof. Esnati O. Chaggu, Chairperson of the ERB Professional Development Affairs Committee (PDAC) began by thanking the Chief Guest who is an engineer by profession. He also thanked high table, foreign delegates and distinguished engineers and guests.

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“Firstly, I would like to insist that you should not be tired to listening to our wishes. We are very glad that you agreed to be with us this morning. This shows how you care about engineers.” She said to the Chief Guest.

Eng. Prof. Chaggu thanked the Chief Guest for appreciating what engineers do in terms of designing and building of the country.

She also thanked the Chief Guest for encouraging engineers to participate to big projects in the country earmarked for implementation by the 5th phase government.

“We say thank you for coming and will use this opportunity to be in touch with you, because you are the bridge between us and the government.” She said.

1.10 Group Photographs and Tour of Exhibitions

The Chief Secretary took photographs with various groups including: Distinguished Government officials, foreign delegates, Best Graduating women engineers, Consulting Engineers, and Other Groups of Delegates

Before he left, the Chief Guest visited various booths and saw technologies and products exhibited by various organizations.

The Chief Guest (seated centre) in a group photo with Govt. officials and foreign delegates (standing )

The Chief Guest is seen visiting technologies and products as exhibited by various Organizations

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2.0 LEARNED DISCOURSE

2.1 SESSION1: PLENARY 2.1.1 Chairperson Eng. Prof. Ninatubu M. Lema Eng. Prof. Lema introduced the keynote paper presenter, Eng. Dr. Adelhelm Meru, (Mechanical Engineer), to the audience by citing his brief bio-data. He added that Eng. Dr. Meru had more than 29 years in public service and was currently the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Industries, Trade and Investment responsible for Industries.

2.1.2 Keynote Address: The Role of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics for Industrialization towards Socio-economic Developments

Key issues from Eng. Dr. Adelhelm Meru’s address

Eng. Dr. Meru said that:

(i) He was thankful for the invitation to deliver the Keynote Address and also for the warmth with which he was received; (ii) The theme was timely given the fact that 5th phase Government is committed to industrialization (priority No.1); and the government has taken a number of initiatives including establishment of new industries and revamping defunct industries; (iii)Engineers have a significant role to play in the industrialization agenda. However, the number of engineers is low in Tanzania and does not match with the population; (iv) In China one finds small scale entrepreneurs in one street producing different simple components and sell them to big industries; a good example that Tanzania can emulate; and (v) He encouraged young Tanzanians to be innovative and start industries.

2.1.3 Discussions

(i) one participant asked: Why not update or upgrade and support existing technologies and small- scale industries (as the case in China) rather than concentrating on establishing new ones. It was cited that in China one will find small scale factories and entrepreneurs on streets producing different simple components which are then sold to big industries for assembling. Why not emulate/try that in our country?

Response: The question for upgrading existing industries was good but it was up to new owners to do that as the governments no longer own them. Cluster production is a good idea and can be applied in the leather industry and sunflower oil production.

(ii) Another participant wanted to know if there were any recent documents guiding on the implementation apart from the 5-year development plan document? He also wanted to know the extent to which outdated technology is a handicap to industrial growth.

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Response: There are several documents namely, 1) Sustainable Growth 2) Integrated Industry Strategy 3) Strategies for Fast tracking Industrial Growth in Tanzania and these documents set priorities and have the entire roadmap. The old industries need to upgrade their outdated technologies so that they can start production again. Out of the one hundred fifty-six (156) industries privatized sixty-two (62) are functioning well (TBL, TCC etc), 10 were stripped of their assets completely and the rest are closed down and their owners are currently being sought after.

(iii) Another participant lamented on the lack of policy to encourage local engineers and wanted to know how new engineers who want to establish themselves can be helped to overcome bureaucracy and obtain financial muscles to make a start.

Response: One major encouragement to local engineers is the opportunity availed to them to participate in all the big projects undertaken in the country. Local content in all big projects is now a legal requirement. What is to be discussed is the percentage of that content. Engineers should be ready to take the challenge. A special window is to be opened in the financial institutions to help new entrepreneurs and plans are underway to open an Industrial Development Bank in future.

(iv) A question was raised on limited commercialization of innovation beyond prototypes manufacturing as is the trend now.

Response: This is indeed a problem the solution of which could be for the social security funds and financial institutions to be motivated to invest in mass production of the prototypes. The envisaged Industrial Development Bank could offer a permanent solution.

2.2 SESSION 2: SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION, RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

2.2. 1 Chairperson Eng. Col (Rtd.) Joseph L. Simbakalia

Eng. Col (rtd) Joseph Simbakalia invited Hon. Minister Prof. Joyce L. Ndalichako (MP) Minister for education, Science and Technology.

He said that Hon. Prof. Ndalichako had more than 15 years in public service and was currently the Minister for education, Science and Technology and the she was going to present a paper titled” The Role of Education for Industrial Development in Tanzania.”

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2.2.2 Paper on the Role of Education for Industrial development in Tanzania –by Hon. Prof. Joyce L. Ndalichako (MP)

Hon. Minister Ndalichako mentioned requirements for Tanzania to become industrialized and middle-income country by 2025 as follows: (i) Develop right mix of high quality skills of 1:5:25; (ii) Improve the quality of education at all levels; (iii)Strengthen vocational and technical training; and (iv) Create employment particularly through industrialization.

She mentioned the positive achievements of Tanzanian education sector:

(i) On the positive achievements, Tanzania’s education sector has witnessed impressive increased school enrolments at all levels. (ii) The introduction of free basic education has led to even a massive increase in number of children in primary schools from 8,298,282 in 2015 to 9,639,202 in 2016. (iii)The transition rate to secondary school has increased from 21.7% in 2000 to 70.6 in 2015 (BEST, 2017). (iv) Enrolment in higher learning institutions has increased from 44,715 in 2012/13 to 69,539 in 2016/17.

She mentioned the following challenges for education and skills development in Tanzania: (i) Quality of Education (need to be improved) (ii) Limited Admission Capacity to Vocational Training Compared to Demand; and (iii)Difficulties in developing programs that address skill needed in the industries.

2.2.3 Discussions

It was mentioned that skills development need knowledge and equipment. One participant wanted to know whether Tanzania has programs to work with other experienced countries out of Tanzania.

One participant said that there are two things that must be observed while moving to industrialization: i.e. knowledge and skills; He further added that graduates must work with experienced countries (seconded to the other country).

Response: The paper presenter Hon. Prof. Ndalichako appreciated the contribution and said, the Government is committed to do it under conducive environment.

One participant wanted to know how the Government was going to increase the number of secondary schools as the number of standard seven was bigger as compared to the existing secondary schools. Is there any plan for this because I’m worry about it?

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Response: The Minister responded that the Government was planning to start to construct secondary schools in Dodoma and other places.

One participant observed that some of the Technical colleges that traditionally produced technicians have been transformed to universities and are no longer producing technicians; causing a scarcity of technicians in the country. Asked whether it was possible for some of the VETA institutions to produce technicians so as to maintain the ratio 1:5:25?

In response the Minister said that in order to address the issue of shortage of technician the Government has a plan to return those technical schools. Currently the Government is constructing a technical school at Kilolo.

One participant observed that there was need for the loan board to support the training of pilots. In response the Minister said the concern for other professionals to get loan was valid and would be taken forward.

Another participant wondered whether the Government was aware that private sector in education were doing business and valued profit rather than quality of education. He advised the Government to control the quality of education provided by private sector.

The Minister however responded that the Government have in place authorities controlling the quality and the Ministry get recommendations from experts on quality of education offered from time to time.

2.3 SESSION 3: INNOVATION, MARKETING & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2.3.1 Chairperson: Eng. Dr. Leonard Chamuriho

The Chairperson invited the two presenters namely Prof. Elisante Ole Gabriel and Eng. Juma Rajabu. He first introduced Prof. Elisante Ole Gabriel, the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Information, Culture, Arts and Sports, by saying that he was a PhD. holder in Strategic Marketing & Management, Masters of International Business, CPA – I and FTC in Mechanical Engineering with extensive experience in marketing and entrepreneurship skills. Dr. Chamriho told Prof. Gabriel that engineers wanted to hear from him how innovation, marketing and entrepreneurship can contribute to industrial development.

He also introduced Eng. Juma Rajabu as an entrepreneur and Director, MAXCOM Africa Limited; and said that Eng. Rajabu would give a talk on entrepreneurship and his experience as an entrpreneur.

2.3.2 Paper on Innovation, Marketing and Entrepreneurship – by Prof. Elisante Ole Gabriel Prof. Elisante Ole Gabriel started his presentation by defining the following terminologies:

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(i) Marketing: This is a process of managing product; design, pricing, promotion and placing for people to exchange values for mutual benefit

(ii) Entrepreneur: An entrepreneur is an individual who establishes and manages a business for the principal purposes of profit and growth. She or he is highly driven for success and characterized principally by innovative behaviour, employs strategic management practices and is a risk taker.

(iii)Innovation: This is a process of doing things differently with an objective of value addition.

(iv) Small and medium enterprises (SMEs): In the context of Tanzania, micro enterprises engage between 5 and 49 employees, Medium enterprises employ between 50 and 99 people and large enterprises employ above 100 employees.

Key points from his presentation were:

• The role of engineers to the national development is critical; • It is the engineering community which can lead this country to industrialization; • There is no way of industrialization without innovative commitment of engineers; and • The Government need to invest seriously on knowledge economy

2.3.3 Entrepreneurship Talk – by Eng. Juma Rajabu Eng. Rajabu introduced himself as an entrepreneur. He said he was once employed; but later ventured to develop a business.

He said that in order to start a business, one has to take a risk; something that many people are afraid of; and some think that in order to be an entrepreneur, you must be from a rich family. He revealed that despite having engineering knowledge, we need to learn other skills such as entrepreneurship. He cautioned that not all entrepreneurs succeed in business.

He defined an entrepreneur as one who organizes, manages and assumes risks of a business or enterprise. He further said that entrepreneurship is a mindset, a process and a technological change.

Outcomes of entrepreneurship include: • Economic growth; • New industry formation; and • Job creation.

Values of entrepreneurship • Innovative; • Value –creating; and • Growth- oriented

Challenges facing local entrepreneurs • Minimum Government assistance; • Globalization; and • Limited access to finance.

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2.3.4 General Discussions

One participant wanted to know whether it was possible to reduce the foreign exchange spent aboard by making it possible for raw materials to be available in the country. Entrepreneurs cannot afford to import containers of raw materials. Response: Availability of raw materials depends on the commodity envisaged for production. There are plenty of commodities that can be produced using materials available in the country. It is a matter of choice.

On whether Max Malipo received any support from the Government for starting their business, the answer was that they received no support from the initial stages; but the government came in during the innovation part by giving contracts. Question: Regarding security in money transaction. How secure is the Max Malipo solution? Answer: The issue of security is a big challenge. Certification of software is necessary to make it secure. But there are also misconceptions. When you run an EFD machine it is a receipting procedure. Send money and issuing a receipt are two different transactions. EFDs issue receipt for the Revenue Authority to monitor. Money is not stolen in the air. It is stolen in banks and shops physically. In general, it was agreed that Engineers are rich professionally but they lack in marketing skills. As a way forward, it is crucial for business skills to be part and parcel of Engineering curriculum. Innovation is also needed. For example, Drones can be used for surveying. Engineers are prime movers of the economy. Those willing to make a change in the economy should go for their MBAs.

2.4 SESSION 4: ENVIRONMENT & ICT IN EDUCATION

2.4.1 Chairperson: Eng. Prof. Esnati O. Chaggu

The chairperson introduced two paper authors namely Eng. Prof. Tolly Mbwette (UDSM) who would on behalf of Eng. Prof. Jamidu Katima present a paper on Industries and Environmental degradation and Eng. Prof. Justinian Anatory from UDOM who would present a paper on ICT for fostering industrialization and socio – economic development in Tanzania.

2.4.2 Enhancement of Industrial Development While Ensuring Sustainable Environmental Protection in Tanzania: The Need to Balance the Opposing Demands – by Eng. Prof. Jamidu Katima

Eng. Prof. Tolly Mbwete presented the following key issues:

(i) The growth of national prosperity is determined by its ability to exploit well its natural resources;

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(ii) Agricultural-led industrial growth strategy has proven to be the most efficient in reduction of national poverty (Diao et al, 2012 & Pinto et al, 2014); (iii)Extraction of natural resources and selling them without adding value will never take the country out of the poverty spiral; (iv) Industries may degrade the environment through depleting natural resources, emission of noxious gases and hazardous chemicals with severe human health impacts; (v) Industrial development is an important vehicle for modernisation of Agriculture as long as it is supported by requisite skills; (vi) Industrial development has encouraged the development of science and technology; Acute deficiency of capital can be solved through modernisation of agriculture and re- investing in large infrastructure development projects; (vii) Industrialisation can fuel sustainable urbanisation; (viii) Industrialisation can promote trade in industrial products whose demand is inelastic; (ix) Industrialisation can enable countries to benefit from their natural resources; (x) Poverty and unemployment can be quickly eradicated through rapid industrialisation; (xi) Industrial development is contributing significantly to per capita income. A close look at the level of industrial development and the national and per capita income confirms this; (xii) Industries contribute to environmental degradation in various ways e.g. Industries are responsible for generating pollutants; (xiii) Industry is responsible for disturbing the nature; (xiv) Electric and electronic goods are known to contain noxious chemicals such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium; and (xv) Industrial pollution affects human health

The key question is Should we stop industrial development and protect the environment or industrialise at any cost and take environmental protection measures afterwards? Obviously, there is no easy answer to this issue. However,  Tanzania must strive to as far as possible develop a sustainable industrial development strategy to avoid irreversible damages to the environment; and  Examples of industrial pollution from smog in China, air pollution in India, wastewater pollution in Florida Tampa bay, solid and liquid waste pollution Nigeria and the plastic waste pollution in the beaches of Tanzania as well as the reported pollution of water sources near many mines.

In conclusion, Prof. Mbwette said that:  Industrial development is inevitable if Tanzania is to become a middle-income country as per vision 2025 aspirations,  Experience from countries that chose to ignore environmental protection during planning and implementation of industrial development shows they have ended using up more funds to correct such mistakes that could have been easily avoided.

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2.4.3 Paper on ICT for fostering industrialization and socio – economic development in Tanzania – by Eng. Prof. Justinian Anatory (UDOM)

Eng. Prof. Justinian Anatory presented the paper titled: “ICT for fostering industrialization and socio – economic development in Tanzania.”

HE explaind: The Status of ICT sector in Tanzania, the use of ICT in teaching and learning process, ICT as a technological force that drives industrialization, positive implications of ICT, challenges and lessons from other countries.

Prof. Anatory further said that according to the United Nations International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ICT refers to equipment and services related to broadcasting, computing, and telecommunications, all of which capture and display information electronically.

In recent years, the ICT industry has developed intensely worldwide because of a series of new technologies, applications, and equipment that have been invented and marketed rapidly. This development has strengthened ICT’s role as an enabler for other industries. Telecoms’ over-the-top (OTT) services, gaming, mobile platforms, and social mobile internet cloud (SMIC), wearable, big data, smart cities, e-health, and internet of Things (IoT) concepts now define the industry structure. All of these new paradigms are fundamentally structured around four key technology areas, telecoms, hardware, software, and services.

He further explained each of the following: (i) The current status of ICT sector in Tanzania; (ii) How ICT can foster industrialization and socio-economic development in Tanzania; (iii) Implementation of National ICT broadband infrastructure; (iv) The current status of ICT Subscription in Tanzania; (v) The use of ICT in teaching and learning process; (vi) ICT as a technological force that drives industrialization; (vii) Internet of Things (IoT), automation and innovation, big data’ and analytics and advanced Robotics; (viii) Positive implications of ICT; and (ix) Challenges of ICT.

In conclusion the presenter said: (i) ICT is changing the world towards fourth industrial revolution. (ii) Tanzania optical fiber infrastructure is connected to nine borders and all district covered. (iii) In Tanzania, Mobile Phone subscription per 100 populations is approaching 70%: (iv) 4% household are connected to computers; (v) 60% of Tanzanians are using social network networks; (vii) 3% of Tanzanians are subscribing Mobile broadband; (viii) 4% 0f Households are connected to Internet Access; (ix) 0.2% are Subscribing fixed broadband Internet; (x) Currently environment of ICT in Tanzania is about 50%.

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(xi) Moreover, looking at networked readiness index, Tanzania is below average in many aspects which needs some improvement; (xii) It has been further observed that ICT is a powerful mechanism in every aspect of education, financial and all public sectors.

He said that the forth industrial revolution, have a possibilities of multiple emerging technology breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, materials science, energy storage, and quantum computing. Finally, there are some possibilities of increasing industry such as telecommunications, software, hardware and IT solutions. Different policies and regulations are needed to enable Tanzania move towards ICT industrialization country.

2.4.4 General Discussions After the presentation, the chairman of the session invited the participants for general discussion;

One participant said that industrialization is associated with degradation of the environment. What strategies do we take to address that? Are there any regulations, policy enforcements?

The presenter responded that said Industrialization as an initiative required the government’s deliberate effort of enforcement so that there is no damage to the environment.

Another participant wanted to know the Effect of ICT against social environment As a response the presenter said that controlling the environment degradation was not a task of one entity. All parties are supposed to cooperate.

Participant from Malawi: gave a challenge to think on urbanization against industrialization, and posed a question how is industrialization can be controlled either in policies. Can we prepare guidelines to rural areas as an incentive?

Responding to the question, the paper presenter said that in rural or urban development the government should consider the issue of social responsibilities. The Industry must consider all social issues such as providing services like road constructions, water which will help them in friendly social to the people.

Another participant said that ICT industrialization was powerful and responsible for industrialization pollution because of the microwaves against optic fibre. How can we integrate ICT infrastructure so as to minimize microwaves?

Response: There were regulations to accommodate ICT related pollution issues.

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3.0 Presentations by Exhibitors

The following exhibitors were give opportunity to make presentations on their technologies and products

S/N Name of Exhibitor Type of business Products exhibited 1 ENSOL(T) LTD Solar contractor Solar products 2 SIKA (T) Construction Manufacturing chemicals Construction Chemicals Ltd chemicals 3 Oswams – onsite sustainable Onsite wastewater Posters & fliers water management systems treatment & reuse 4 TANESCO Utility Core business engineering shoe case 5 Plasco Manufacturer of HDPC & HDPE pipes, PVC PVC pipes pipes, fittings 6 CARTRACK TANZANIA LTD Vehicle & Asset tracking Fleet management system 7 NMB Bank PLC Banking Financial services 8 Lake cement Cement manufacturing Cement products 9 NABAKI Afrika Ltd Distribution of Roofing constructing materials construction and water –related products 10 Bonstar Building materials Co. Lighting & Electrical Lighting & Ltd goods Electrical goods 11 Kasumo Designs (T) Ltd Computer Aided Design Design software services technologies 12 VETA Provision, regulation and Information about promotion of vocational vocational education education and training and training services

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4.0 Resolutions & Recommendations S/N Issues Where does the Problem lie Recommendations 1 • The Government should enforce • There is a large number of • A number of GEs are the law that prohibits promotions GEs practicing engineering promoted as HoDs without of unregistered engineers to the for a long time without being registered. This is level of Heads of Departments; being registered. contrary to the Government circular • Currently SEAP training is • Some of them are Heads of financed by only one Ministry Departments; (MWTC) - which is insufficient;

• Some fail to join SEAP • ERB to submit proposal to the due to lack of financial Chief Secretary; with support them during the recommendations that other training government technical ministries support SEAP training. 2 Participation of PEs in CPD • A good number of PEs are • Oblige employers to give programmes is inadequate; as a not able to afford engineers permission to attend result, some fail to attain the participation fees of CPD CPD courses; minimum 30 PDUs per year training courses; required for renewal of • Request employers to finance practicing licenses • Some are not given Engineers participate in CPDs permission to attend CPD programmes programmes 3 Currently there exists several • Duplication of efforts and • Optimize use of fibre optic cable fibre optic cables and also investment for fibre optic resources; several microwaves facilities cables; which are not effectively • Enhance existing regulation for utilized; e.g. • potential for hazard due to optimal use of fibre optic exposure to microwaves resources; Institutions such as SONGAS, from microwave facilities TAZARA, TANESCO, TTCL • ERB to inform TCRA through etc each has its own fibre or the Permanent Secretary microwave facility which are (Works) on the engineers’ underutilized; due to lack of recommendations. co-ordination 4 Currently mining industry • Lack of capacity to meet the • Promote and support Tanzanian import consumables which demand and quality of goods industries to produce competitive could be produced in and services needed by products that meet international Tanzania; mining industry standards

The consumables are namely: • Lack of clear policy and • Enhance policies and legislations • underground support legislation to support local that promote and enforce use of materials” (bolts, split set goods and service delivery to Tanzanian produced goods and bolts, eye bolts, straps, mining industries services to the mining industries. black & galvanized mesh, resin bolts, swelex bolts, flexible drapery mesh) which can be produced in the country.

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5.0 SESSION 5: CLOSSING SESSION

5.1 Remarks from the ERB Board Chairman Eng. Prof. Ninatubu M. Lema recognized the high table, foreign delegates and the participants . He thanked the Guest of Honour for accepting to close the 15th annual event. He said that due to big number of attendance over 2,500 the gathering was more than a meeting, it was rather a celebration!

The Chairman took time to thank again all foreign delegates from various countries; said that ERB have received invitations from Rwanda, Uganda and Egypt and promised that the Board shall reciprocate.

Eng. Prof. Lema began by specially recognizing 3 personalities/engineers; namely Eng. Mzee Mponzi, Eng. Brig. Gen. (rtd) Reginald Chonjo and Eng. Patrick Mfugale. He then gave special thanks to all speakers who presented papers; he particularly mentioned Hon. Minister Prof. , Minister for Education, Science and Technology and Prof. Elisante Ole Gabriel, Permanent Secretary, Information, Culture, Arts and Sports.

The Chairman further thanked all session’s chairpersons, event managers Eng. Dr. Richard Masika and Eng. Ngwisa Mpembe, the organizing committee led by Eng. Prof. Bakari Mwinyiwiwa, all sponsors who supported ERB financially and materially, all exhibitors and all engineers who attended in a big number. He said the attendance was a record, and is a proof that our decision to hold the event in Dodoma was a right one.

Prof. Lema said that in two days a total of six papers were presented and discussed on industrialization, expressing the opportunities that existed for engineers, their roles and the challenges.

“The presentation by Eng. Juma Rajabu of Max Malipo encourages young engineers to be entrepreneurs and Prof. Elisante Ole Gabriel, also urge engineers to read other business subjects, and other presentations were delivered by Eng. Prof. Mbwette and Eng. Prof. Anatory,” said Prof. Lema.

He told the Guest of Honour that ERB will form a team to compile the resolutions and will be submitted to the Government, as directed by the Chief Guest.

The Chairman said that 60 companies took part in exhibiting their technologies and products. The best exhibitors were: (i) Manufacturers - PLASCO Ltd; (ii) Professional Service Providers - TANESCO (iii) R&D - St. Joseph University (iv) Vendors - NABAKI Afrika

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The Board Chairman, Eng. Prof. Ninatubu Lema welcomed the Permanent Secretary (Works) Eng. Joseph Nyamhanga and invited him to present certificates of appreciation to the best exhibitors, sponsors and other service providers who well performed.

The Permanent Secretary (Works), Eng. Joseph Nyamhanga, presents a certificate to one of the best service providers during the 15th Annual Engineers Day in Dodoma, before officially closing the AED 2017 event on September 8, 2017

5.2 Vote of Thanks – by Eng. Zena Said, Regional Administrative Secretary, Tanga

Eng. Zena Said, the Tanga Regional Administrative Secretary (RAS) thanked ERB for the opportunity to give a vote of thanks on behalf of all engineers. She began by thanking the Guest of Honour for accepting to close the meeting.

The Regional Administrative Secretary thanked all stakeholders who have in one way or another made the 15th AED 2017 a success; including paper presenters, organizing committee, event managers, foreign delegates, sponsors, exhibitors, media, all other service providers and all

participants.

She thanked the rapporteurs for recording the proceedings and compiling the resolutions of the meeting.

Lastly Eng. Zena thanked ERB for successfully organizing the big event, which not only is a learning forum but also is strengthening networking.

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5.3 Closing Speech – by Eng. Joseph Nyamhanga, Permanent Secretary (Works)

The Guest of Honour, Eng. Joseph Nyamhanga, Permanent Secretary (Works) thanked all engineers for the big attendance of more than 2,500 including foreign delegates. He commended the MoU between ERB and ESE and observed that Egypt has more than 700,000 engineers against 19,000 engineers in Tanzania.

The Permanent Secretary congratulated the young graduate engineers who have best academic performance in their colleges of engineering. He directed ERB to give them priority in SEAP using Government and donor funds.

He emphasized on

(i) Integrity – engineers should observe integrity in all projects (ii) Patriotism - to prioritize national interests in all pursuit (iii)Quality of works and products (value for money) (iv) Innovation – engineers should design/use technologies that reduce cost

He said that the Government offers preference to local professionals. They however must be competent; mentioned for instance those projects; (i) Up to 10bn – are given to local contractors; (ii) Up to 3bn – are given to local consultants; (iii)Up to 2bn - - for local suppliers; and (iv) Up to 2bn – for non-consultancy services.

He insisted that engineers should;

- work under professional manner; - keep our country things forward; - make sure that the quality of works and product have value for money; - Innovations; we must use technology which minimizing the operations cost; and - use our local product and service providers.

Lastly, he wished all delegates safer journeys back home; and for foreign delegates, he wished them to visit/tour beautiful places such as our national parks before they fly back home. He said that end of 2017 AED is the beginning of preparing the AED 2018.

Having said all that, the Guest of Honour officially closed the meeting.

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