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Romanies in Italy: from National ‘Emergency’ to National ‘Strategy’ in Rome’S Campi Nomadi
Romanies in Italy: From National ‘Emergency’ to National ‘Strategy’ in Rome’s Campi Nomadi Riccardo Armillei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Swinburne Institute for Social Research Faculty of Health, Arts and Design Swinburne University of Technology 2015 Abstract This dissertation deals with the social exclusion of Romanies in Italy. Based on interviews with Romani individuals, institutional and Civil Society Organisations’ (CSOs) representatives, participant observation and a broad range of secondary sources, the thesis focuses on the condition of those living in ‘ campi nomadi’ (nomad camps) and on the recent implementation of a state of emergency, the so-called ‘ Emergenza Nomadi’ (Nomad Emergency). The enactment of this extraordinary measure concealed the existence of a long-established institutional tradition of racism and control directed at Romanies. It was not the result of a sudden, unexpected situation which required an immediate action, as the declaration of an ‘emergency’ might imply, but rather of a precise government strategy. The extreme poverty of the ‘Romanies of the camps’ should be understood as the result of a protracted institutional immobility and political vacuum, which has basically created the ‘emergency’ and the premises for the implementation of a ‘state of exception’. Specifically, the present study focuses on the city of Rome, where the author conducted fieldwork in 2011 and 2012, and provides an investigation of the interactions between Romanies, local institutions and Third Sector organisations. It finds that national and local institutions and their sub-contracted agents have failed to promote the social inclusion of this minority group. -
The Consociational Theory and Challenges to Democratization in South Caucasus Plural Societies
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 The Consociational Theory And Challenges To Democratization In South Caucasus Plural Societies Emil Ordukhanyan Abstract : The South Caucasus region is quite diverse in its cultural, ethnic, civilization, religious and social structure. At the same time after the collapse of the Soviet Union, emerged numerous internal conflicts significantly hindered the democratization process in the region. The quarter-century post-Soviet experience shows that with some differences mainly pseudo-democratic or even autocratic regimes are established in South Caucasus countries. Many researches affirm that in plural societies of Azerbaijan and Georgia ethnocratic elements are also observed. In these countries the influence of dominant ethnic groups over other ethnicities not explicitly are encouraged by authorities. Local researchers often explain this situation by the transitional period. However, other numerous studies show that in these countries ethnic-based governments aspire to be strengthened. Therefore, these countries could not lead to a fully democratic transition, and in result, they will be able to build ethnic democracies or authoritarian regimes. In this case, the cultural, religious and linguistic identity of subordinate ethnicities will be in danger. To prevent such possible developments, the article explores the idea of cultural relativism as opposition to the ethnocentrism. The cultural relativism treats all ethnic segments of the same plural society as equal. And in this case, the most relevant model of democracy can be the consociational model which continues to be successfully used for decades in many plural European states such as Netherlands, Belgium, etc. The article argues that in South Caucasus plural states the consociational discourse can be a real tool to build a democratic political culture. -
Political Science 190.607 Comparative Racial Politics Fall 2011 Johns Hopkins University Tuesdays 1-2:50Pm Mergenthaler 366
Political Science 190.607 Comparative Racial Politics Fall 2011 Johns Hopkins University Tuesdays 1-2:50pm Mergenthaler 366 Professor Erin Aeran Chung Office: 365 Mergenthaler Hall Phone: 410-516-4496 Email: [email protected] Office hours: Mondays 1:30-2:30pm and by appointment COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course surveys the major trends and approaches to the comparative study of race in political science and critically examines the link between race and politics. The goals of the course are two-fold. First, we will investigate how the study of race is linked to some of the classic preoccupations of comparative political science, such as capitalist development, state formation, and nationalism. Second, we will explore how race “works” and how it is made and remade over time and across space. We thus seek to understand how the ideologies of race and racism connect disparate peoples, regimes, institutions, and national mythologies. Topics will include race and state formation, citizenship and national membership, immigration, racial regimes, and the political economy of race. PREREQUISITES: This course is open to graduate students only. COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND EVALUATION: Participation and Discussion (30%), 2 short essays (15% each), Research Paper (40%) Because this seminar is based primarily on peer-led discussions, regular attendance and active participation are essential. All students must complete the assigned readings before coming to class and prepare ideas for debate, discussion, or interpretation. Students will write 2 short essays (approximately 3 pages double-spaced)—to be circulated via email to other seminar members at least one day before the seminar—that includes a brief discussion of the key debates and issues brought up in the designated week’s readings as well as a short critique. -
The Model of Ethnic Democracy
THE MODEL OF ETHNIC DEMOCRACY Sammy SMOOHA ECMI Working Paper # 13 October 2001 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor Building) D-24939 Flensburg Germany +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper # 13 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller © European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2001. ISSN 1435-9812 The European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) is a non-partisan institution founded in 1996 by the Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the German State of Schleswig-Holstein. ECMI was established in Flensburg, at the heart of the Danish-German border region, in order to draw from the encouraging example of peaceful coexistence between minorities and majorities achieved here. ECMI’s aim is to promote interdisciplinary research on issues related to minorities and majorities in a European perspective and to contribute to the improvement of inter-ethnic relations in those parts of Western and Eastern Europe where ethno- political tension and conflict prevail. ECMI Working Papers are written either by the staff of ECMI or by outside authors commissioned by the Centre. As ECMI does not propagate opinions of its own, the views expressed in any of its publications are the sole responsibility of the author concerned. ECMI Working Paper # 13 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) © ECMI 2001 CONTENTS 1. About the Author......................................................................................................3 -
Lebanon Country Profile Pdf
Lebanon country profile pdf Continue (Arabic) اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔCountry in the Middle East This article is about the country. For other applications Lebanon, see Lebanon (disambiguation), Liban (disambiguation), and Libnan (disambiguation). Coordinates: 33'50'N 35'50'E / 33.833'N 35.833'E / 33.833; 35.833 Lebanese Republic Arabic) Kullun' li-l-wa'an All of us! For our country! (English) Capitals largest city Bayruth3'54'N 35'32'E / 33.900'N 35.533'E / 33.900; 35.533Official languagesArabic[nb 1]Local vernacularLebanese Arabic[nb 2]Religion 61.1%) ﻛﻠّﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﻃﻦ :al-Jumharaha al-Lubnani Flag Herb Anthem Muslim33.7% Christian5.2% Druze[1]Demonym(s)LebaneseGovernmentUnitary parliamentary confessionalist constitutional republic[2]• President Michel Aoun• Prime Minister Hassan Diab• Speaker of the Parliament Nabih Berri LegislatureParliamentEstablishment• Greater Lebanon 1 September 1920• Constitution 23 May 1926• Independence declared 22 November 1943• French mandate ended 24 October 1945• Withdrawal of French forces 17 April 1946• Syrian and Israeli occupations 1976–2005• Israeli troops withdrawn 24 May 2000• Syrian troops withdrawn 30 April 2005 Area • Total10,452 km2 (4,036 sq mi) (161st)• Water (%)1.8Population• 2018 estimate6,859,408[3][4] (109th)• Density560/km2 (1,450.4/sq mi) (21st)GDP (PPP)2019 estimate• Total$91 billion[5]• Per capita$15,049[5] (66th)GDP (nominal)2019 estimate• Total$58 billion[5] (82nd)• Per capita$9,655[5]Gini 50.7highHDI (2018) 0.730[6]high · 93rdCurrencyLebanese pound (LBP)Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)• Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)Driving sideright [7]Calling code+961[8]ISO 3166 codeLBInternet TLD.lb Lebanon (/ ˈlɛbənɒn, -hun/ (listen); Arabic: Romanticized: romanticized: al-Jumhara al-Lubnan, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: lˈʒʊmhuːrijje lˈlɪbneːnijje; French: Republic libanaise or widely mentioned among residents in ,اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ :Lubnin, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: lɪbˈneːn),), officially known as the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic French: Liban), is a Middle Eastern country in West Asia. -
52 WP AS Guimaraes Online
Working Paper No. 52, 2013 Black Identities in Brazil Ideologies and Rhetoric Antonio Sérgio A. Guimarães Working Paper Series desiguALdades.net Research Network on Interdependent Inequalities in Latin America desiguALdades.net Working Paper Series Published by desiguALdades.net International Research Network on Interdependent Inequalities in Latin America The desiguALdades.net Working Paper Series serves to disseminate first results of ongoing research projects in order to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. Inclusion of a paper in the desiguALdades.net Working Paper Series does not constitute publication and should not limit publication in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. Copyright for this edition: Antonio Sérgio A. Guimarães Editing and Production: Sérgio Costa / Barbara Göbel / Laura Kemmer / Paul Talcott All working papers are available free of charge on our website www.desiguALdades.net. Guimarães, Antonio Sérgio A. 2013: “Black Identities in Brazil: Ideologies and Rhetoric”, desiguALdades.net Working Paper Series 52, Berlin: desiguALdades.net International Research Network on Interdependent Inequalities in Latin America. The paper was produced by Antonio Sérgio A. Guimarães during his fellowship at desiguALdades.net from 06/2012 to 07/2012. desiguALdades.net International Research Network on Interdependent Inequalities in Latin America cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this Working Paper; the views and opinions expressed are solely those of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect those of desiguALdades.net. Black Identities in Brazil Ideologies and Rhetoric Antonio Sérgio A. Guimarães1 Abstract Brazil has had a distinctive definition of national and racial identity, and it has changed considerably over time, and at each time held out different possibilities for social mobility and citizenship. -
Types of Democracy and Modes of Conflict Management in Ethnically
Nations and Nationalism 8 (4), 2002, 423±431. # ASEN 2002 Types of democracy and modes of con¯ict management in ethnically divided societies* SAMMY SMOOHA Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel ABSTRACT. The Western democratic nation-state is a model state in the world state system. It appears in two variants: individual-liberal and republican-liberal. Both are grounded on individual rights only. In the West there are also several cases of consociational democracy in which separate national communities and their collective rights are recognised. Since World War II the liberal nation-state has been under global and internal pressures to change. It has kept its basic character but partially decoupled nation and state and recognised group differences. Along with individual- liberal democracy, republican-liberal democracy and consociational democracy, multicultural democracy and ethnic democracy are taking shape as alternative types of democracy. This fivefold typology can contribute to the fields of comparative politics and comparative ethnicity. It serves as a broad framework for the analysis of five states in this special issue: Northern Ireland, Estonia, Israel, Poland and Turkey. The classical, historical and dominant model of the state in the West is a democratic nation-state. At the core of society is the individual citizen. The state grants equal civil and political rights to all. The system is based on the principles of equality of individual rights, individualism, competition, achievement, free mixing of people, and privatisation of ethnicity and reli- gion. The impartial state, like the blind free market, is neutral toward all citizens and treats them equally, irrespective of their ethnic, religious, lin- guistic, cultural and national origin. -
Wschodnioznawstwo 2016 1.Indd
Wschodnioznawstwo 2016 Wschodnioznawstwo 2016 Wrocław 2016 Rada Naukowa prof. dr hab. Jerzy Juchnowski Instytut Gospodarki i Zarządzania Przestrzenią Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Jana Amosa Komeńskiego w Lesznie, Instytut Politologii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego dr Józef Szymeczek Kongres Polaków w Republice Czeskiej, Wydział Pedagogiczny Uniwersytetu Ostrawskiego dr Anatol Wialiki Wydział Historii Białoruskiego Państwowego Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Maksima Tanka w Mińsku Redakcja prof. zw. dr hab. Zdzisław J. Winnicki – redaktor naczelny dr Tomasz Szyszlak – redaktor, sekretarz redakcji Recenzenci prof. dr hab. Nikołaj Iwanow Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Studium Europy Wschodniej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego dr Petr Slováček Instytut Studiów Środkowoeuropejskich Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Opavie dr hab. Natalya Yakovenko, prof. NUK im. T. Szewczenki Instytut Stosunków Międzynarodowych Narodowego Uniwersytetu Kijowskiego im. Tarasa Szewczenki ISSN 2082-7695 Redakcja deklaruje, że podstawową wersją czasopisma jest jego wersja drukowana Czasopismo indeksowane na Index Copernicus Journals Master List, BazHum oraz ' e Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities © Copyright by Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych Wydziału Nauk Społecznych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego O& cyna Wydawnicza Arboretum ul. Witosa 16, 51-507 Wrocław tel./fax 071 344 06 63 e-mail: [email protected] Spis treści TEORIA I PRAKTYKA KONFLIKTÓW ETNICZNYCH I WYZNANIOWYCH Joanna Kulska Rola pojednania w relacyjnym podejściu do rozwiązywania kon$ iktów . 11 Paweł Nieczuja-Ostrowski Translokacja kon$ iktów – zjawisko przenoszenia kon$ iktów etnicznych z kraju pochodzenia do rzeczywistości diasporalnej i imigranckiej . 27 Helena Giebień Kon$ ikty etniczne we współczesnej Rosji. Zarys problemu ................. 41 Iwona Kabzińska Rosja i Ukraina – kon$ ikt w rodzinie słowiańskiej? ....................... 59 Michał Lubicz Miszewski Skutki kon$ iktu w Donbasie dla jego mieszkańców z perspektywy polskich dziennikarzy i blogerów ......................... -
State Consolidation and National Identity
Chisinau 4 juillet/July 2003 Restricted CDL-STD(2003) 039 Or. Arc en ciel. Science and technique of democracy, No. 39 Science et technique de la démocratie N° 39 EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) COMMISSION EUROPEENNE POUR LA DEMOCRATIE PAR LE DROIT (COMMISSION DE VENISE) State Consolidation and National Identity La consolidation de l’Etat et l’identité nationale CDL-STD(2003)039 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIERES page OPENING SPEECHES / DISCOURS INTRODUCTIFS INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS Mr Nicolae DUDĂU..................................................................................................................4 WELCOME MESSAGE Mr Vladimir VORONIN............................................................................................................7 DISCOURS INTRODUCTIF M. Gianni BUQUICCHIO.........................................................................................................8 REPORTS / RAPPORTS MODERN NATION-STATE AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS OF MINORITY RIGHTS Mr Boriss CILEVICS ..............................................................................................................11 MODELS OF A MULTI-ETHNIC STATE: OPTIONS FOR MOLDOVA Mrs Alla SKVORTSOVA .......................................................................................................20 NATIONAL INTERESTS IN MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIETIES Mr Lev S. VORONKOV .........................................................................................................29 IDENTITY POLITICS IN MULTINATION STATES Mr William -
ETHNOCRACY: Exploring and Extending the Concept
LEAD PAPER in a special issue on Ethnocracy ETHNOCRACY: Exploring and Extending the Concept James Anderson Queens University Belfast Abstract Ethnocracy means ‘government or rule by a particular ethnic group’ or ethnos, sometimes contrasted with democracy, rule by the demos or the people in general. The concept was primarily developed as national ethnocracy for regimes in contemporary national states which claim to be ‘democratic’. It was mainly pioneered by the Israeli geographer Oren Yiftachel to analyse the ethnically-biased policies and asymmetrical power relations of Jews and Palestinians in Israel/Palestine, but it needs to be further developed in other geographical settings and in different types of political context. Yiftachel himself extended it ‘down’ to city level and a specifically urban ethnocracy, and we can further explore how cities and city governance can sometimes moderate national state ethnocracy. Going beyond the national and the urban, and the particularities of the Israeli case, we can also enrich the concept by extending it to three other types of context each of which has its own specific dynamics: firstly, ‘back’ to imperial ethnocracy which often preceded and gave birth to national ethnocracy; secondly, it can be extended ‘forwards’ to the (usually mis-named) ‘post-conflict’ or power-sharing stages of ‘peace processes’, to what we might call shared or ‘post-conflict’ ethnocracy; thirdly, and more speculatively, it can be extended to contemporary religious-political conflicts which are at least partly transnational in character, to what could be called religious and ‘post-national’ ethnocracy. These five main types of ethnocracy and their inter-relationships can help tie together different features of ethnic and ethno- national conflicts. -
Systems of Partial Control: Ethnic Dynamics in Post-Soviet Estonia and Latvia
St Comp Int Dev (2008) 43:81–100 DOI 10.1007/s12116-007-9013-5 Systems of Partial Control: Ethnic Dynamics in Post-Soviet Estonia and Latvia Michele E. Commercio Published online: 13 December 2007 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract This article offers a theory to capture ethnic dynamics in post-Soviet Estonia and Latvia. It also explores a research question of great interest to political scientists, historians, sociologists, and economists: what accounts for stability in deeply divided societies? Drawing on Ian Lustick’s formulation of control, the author suggests that stability in deeply divided societies is a result of conscious efforts made by elites to construct what she calls “systems of partial control.” In such systems, the majority ethnic group controls the political sector, but shares control of the economic sector with minority ethnic groups. Economic prosperity derived from dispersed economic control accounts for stability in Estonia and Latvia. The article identifies two conditions that must be satisfied for elites to tolerate partial control. First, elites must reach a threshold of political hegemony at which point they dominate the political sector and second, the respective state must have a flourishing private sector. The article concludes with an assessment of whether or not systems of partial control are likely to be stable, and a reflection on implications of these systems beyond the post-Soviet region. Introduction The collapse of communism generated several newly independent states character- ized -
Multiethnic State Or Ethnic Homogeneity: the Case of South East Europe
PfP Consortium of Defense Auademles and Security Studies Institutes LANDESVERTEIDIGUNGSAKADEMIE WIEN Study Group Information Multiethnic State or Ethnic Homogeneity: The Case of South East Europe 3rd Workshop of the Study Group "Crisis Management in South East Europe" Vienna, April 2002 Publishers: National Defence Academy, Vienna / Institute for Peace Support and Conflict Management in co-operation with: PfP-Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes Editor: Mag. Predrag Jurekovič Managing Editors: CAPT Mag. Ernst M. Felberbauer Edin Karabeg B.A. Hrvoje Miloslavič Mag. Andreas Wannemacher Dario Aničič-Župarič Layout: Zeichenstelle Landesverteidigungsakademie, Vienna. Production: Druck- und Kopierstelle Landesverteidigungsakademie, Vienna. Address: Stiftgasse 2a, 1070 Vienna, AUSTRIA ISBN: 3-901328-68-8 CONTENTS Predrag Jurekovic Introduction 5 Arian Starova The Principle of Non-forced Change of Borders versus the Principle of Self-Determination of Peoples 7 Nicolae Micu Overcoming Conflict in the Balkans 19 Frederic Labarre Peace Building in the Balkans: The Need to Stay the Course 27 Yantsislav Yanakiev The Bulgarian Ethnic Model - A Factor of Stability in the Balkans 37 Octavian Sofransky Ethno-political Conflict in Moldova 73 Dragan Simic/Veljko B. Kadijevic The Multi-Ethnic State and Ethnic Homogeneity - An Artificial Dilemma in the Case of New Yugoslavia 99 Edita Tahiri Independent State of Kosovo - The Contribution for Stability in the Region 107 Drago Pilsel The Role of Journalism in the Prevention of Conflicts and in the Sustention of Multi-Ethnic, Multi-Cultural and Multi-Religious Society 115 The Principle of Non-forced Change of Borders versus the Principle of Self-Determination of Peoples The topic of this conference, "Multiethnic State or Ethnic Homogeneity - the case of South East Europe", is both theoretically interesting and practically important.