State Consolidation and National Identity
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Attitudes Towards Linguistic Diversity in the Hebrew Bible
Many Peoples of Obscure Speech and Difficult Language: Attitudes towards Linguistic Diversity in the Hebrew Bible The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Power, Cian Joseph. 2015. Many Peoples of Obscure Speech and Difficult Language: Attitudes towards Linguistic Diversity in the Hebrew Bible. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845462 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA MANY PEOPLES OF OBSCURE SPEECH AND DIFFICULT LANGUAGE: ATTITUDES TOWARDS LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN THE HEBREW BIBLE A dissertation presented by Cian Joseph Power to The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2015 © 2015 Cian Joseph Power All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Peter Machinist Cian Joseph Power MANY PEOPLES OF OBSCURE SPEECH AND DIFFICULT LANGUAGE: ATTITUDES TOWARDS LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN THE HEBREW BIBLE Abstract The subject of this dissertation is the awareness of linguistic diversity in the Hebrew Bible—that is, the recognition evident in certain biblical texts that the world’s languages differ from one another. Given the frequent role of language in conceptions of identity, the biblical authors’ reflections on language are important to examine. -
When Is a Country Multinational? Problems with Statistical and Subjective Approaches
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2011 When is a country multinational? Problems with statistical and subjective approaches Stojanovic, N Abstract: Many authors have argued that we should make a clear conceptual distinction between monona- tional and multinational states. Yet the number of empirical examples they refer to is rather limited. France or Germany are usually seen as mononational, whereas Belgium, Canada, Spain and the UK are considered multinational. How should we classify other cases? Here we can distinguish between (at least) two approaches in the literature: statistical (i.e., whether significant national minorities live within a larger state and, especially, whether they claim self-government) and subjective (i.e., when citizens feel allegiance to sub-state national identities). Neither of them, however, helps us to resolve the problem. Is Italy multinational (because it contains a German-speaking minority)? Is Germany really mononational (in spite of the official recognition of the Danes and the Sorbs in some Länder)? On the otherhand, is Switzerland the “most multinational country” (Kymlicka)? Let us assume that there is no definite answer to this dilemma and that it is all a matter of degree. There are probably few (if any) clearly mononational states and few (if any) clearly multinational states. Should we abandon this distinction in favour of other concepts like “plurinationalism” (Keating), “nations-within-nations” (Miller), “post- national state” (Abizadeh, Habermas), or “post-sovereign state” (MacCormick)? The article discusses these issues and, in conclusion, addresses the problem of stability and shared identity “plural” societies. -
Census and Identity the Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Language in National Censuses
Census and Identity The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Language in National Censuses Edited by David I. Kertzer and Dominique Arel PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarco´n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C David I. Kertzer and Dominique Arel 2002 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Plantin 10/12 pt. System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Census and Identity: The politics of race, ethnicity, and language in national censuses / edited by David I. Kertzer and Dominique Arel. p. cm. – (New perspectives on anthropological and social demography) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 80823 5 – ISBN 0 521 00427 6 (pbk.) 1. Census – Methodology – Case studies. 2. Race – Case studies. 3. Ethnicity – Case studies. 4. Linguistic demography – Case studies. I. Kertzer, David I., 1948– II. Arel, Dominique, 1959– III. Series. HA179 .P65 2001 306.2 – dc21 2001037352 ISBN 0 521 80823 5 hardback ISBN 0 521 00427 6 paperback Contents Contributors viii Preface ix 1 Censuses, identity formation, and the struggle for political power 1 DAVID I. -
Romanies in Italy: from National ‘Emergency’ to National ‘Strategy’ in Rome’S Campi Nomadi
Romanies in Italy: From National ‘Emergency’ to National ‘Strategy’ in Rome’s Campi Nomadi Riccardo Armillei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Swinburne Institute for Social Research Faculty of Health, Arts and Design Swinburne University of Technology 2015 Abstract This dissertation deals with the social exclusion of Romanies in Italy. Based on interviews with Romani individuals, institutional and Civil Society Organisations’ (CSOs) representatives, participant observation and a broad range of secondary sources, the thesis focuses on the condition of those living in ‘ campi nomadi’ (nomad camps) and on the recent implementation of a state of emergency, the so-called ‘ Emergenza Nomadi’ (Nomad Emergency). The enactment of this extraordinary measure concealed the existence of a long-established institutional tradition of racism and control directed at Romanies. It was not the result of a sudden, unexpected situation which required an immediate action, as the declaration of an ‘emergency’ might imply, but rather of a precise government strategy. The extreme poverty of the ‘Romanies of the camps’ should be understood as the result of a protracted institutional immobility and political vacuum, which has basically created the ‘emergency’ and the premises for the implementation of a ‘state of exception’. Specifically, the present study focuses on the city of Rome, where the author conducted fieldwork in 2011 and 2012, and provides an investigation of the interactions between Romanies, local institutions and Third Sector organisations. It finds that national and local institutions and their sub-contracted agents have failed to promote the social inclusion of this minority group. -
The Paradigmatic Crises in China's Minzu Studies
Journal of chinese humanities 3 (���7) �35-�55 brill.com/joch The Paradigmatic Crises in China’s Minzu Studies: Reflections from the Perspective of Human Development Zhang Xiaojun 張小軍 Professor of Sociology, Qinghua University, China [email protected] Translated by Anja Bihler Abstract The field of minzu 民族 studies is currently in a state of disarray. This article proposes to discuss three paradigmatic crises—the one-dimensional interpretation, problema- tization, and de-ethnicization of the term minzu—from the perspective of human development. Although the meaning of minzu is, as this article argues, ambiguous, it has mostly been reduced to its political and ideological meaning. To solely rely on this one-dimensional interpretation in an academic discussion has led to a paradigmatic crisis in minzu studies. From the perspective of human development, minzu is the car- rier and basic cultural unit of a pluralistic global culture. Although the concept of minzu is not inherently problematic, the word is being problematized by subsuming a number of extraneous issues. Problematization thus constitutes another paradigmatic crisis in current minzu studies. Opposing the current trend of de-ethnicizing the minzu question, this article proposes to de-problematize the concept of minzu instead, thereby preventing it from being used as a political tool. This article intends to shed light on the current state of crisis in China’s minzu studies, discuss a suitable research methodology, and provide an academic basis for ethnic research and policy implementation. Keywords de-ethnicization – ethnic problems – minzu studies – paradigmatic crisis © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���7 | doi �0.��63/�35��34�-��340047Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 10:05:30PM via free access �36 Zhang China’s ethnic question has become increasingly pressing in recent years, and a certain “ethnic”-phobia has started to surface. -
Documents on the Standardization of Geographical Names
DOCUMENTS ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Submitted to United Nations Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names Conference Location Year Date 1 Geneva 1967 4 - 22 September 2 London 1972 10 - 31 May 3 Athens 1977 17 August – 7 September 4 Geneva 1982 24 August – 14 September 5 Montréal 1987 18 - 30 August 6 New York 1992 25 August – 3 September 7 New York 1998 13 – 22 January 8 Berlin 2002 27 August – 5 September 9 New York 2007 21 – 30 August Compiled by: Helen Kerfoot (Ottawa, Canada) Chair, UNGEGN Last revised October 2007 (Additions/corrections welcomed: [email protected]) 1 UN Year Document Symbol Title Country / Division - Working Prepared by copy Co Organization UNGEGN Group - UN nf UNGEGN 1 yes 0 no [FIRST] UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES, Geneva, 4 - 22 September, 1967 1st 1967 E/CONF.53/3 United Nations Conference on the Standardization of 1E Co Geographical Names, Vol. 1 Report of the Conference (United 1F nf. Nations Publication E.68.I.9,1968) 1S 1 E/CONF.53/4 United Nations Conference on the Standardization of 1E Geographical Names, Vol. 2 Proceedings of the Conference 1F and technical papers (United Nations Publication E.69.I.8, 1969) 1S 1 The above reports were also published in French and Spanish 1 1967 E/CONF.53/1 Provisional agenda 1E 1F 1 1967 E/CONF.53/2 and Draft report of the Conference 1E Add.1-5 1 1967 E/CONF.53/C.1/1 Draft report of Committee I 1E 1F 1S 1 1967 E/CONF.53/C.2/1 Draft report of Committee II 1E 1F 1S 1 1967 E/CONF.53/C.3/1 Draft -
The Consociational Theory and Challenges to Democratization in South Caucasus Plural Societies
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 The Consociational Theory And Challenges To Democratization In South Caucasus Plural Societies Emil Ordukhanyan Abstract : The South Caucasus region is quite diverse in its cultural, ethnic, civilization, religious and social structure. At the same time after the collapse of the Soviet Union, emerged numerous internal conflicts significantly hindered the democratization process in the region. The quarter-century post-Soviet experience shows that with some differences mainly pseudo-democratic or even autocratic regimes are established in South Caucasus countries. Many researches affirm that in plural societies of Azerbaijan and Georgia ethnocratic elements are also observed. In these countries the influence of dominant ethnic groups over other ethnicities not explicitly are encouraged by authorities. Local researchers often explain this situation by the transitional period. However, other numerous studies show that in these countries ethnic-based governments aspire to be strengthened. Therefore, these countries could not lead to a fully democratic transition, and in result, they will be able to build ethnic democracies or authoritarian regimes. In this case, the cultural, religious and linguistic identity of subordinate ethnicities will be in danger. To prevent such possible developments, the article explores the idea of cultural relativism as opposition to the ethnocentrism. The cultural relativism treats all ethnic segments of the same plural society as equal. And in this case, the most relevant model of democracy can be the consociational model which continues to be successfully used for decades in many plural European states such as Netherlands, Belgium, etc. The article argues that in South Caucasus plural states the consociational discourse can be a real tool to build a democratic political culture. -
Political Science 190.607 Comparative Racial Politics Fall 2011 Johns Hopkins University Tuesdays 1-2:50Pm Mergenthaler 366
Political Science 190.607 Comparative Racial Politics Fall 2011 Johns Hopkins University Tuesdays 1-2:50pm Mergenthaler 366 Professor Erin Aeran Chung Office: 365 Mergenthaler Hall Phone: 410-516-4496 Email: [email protected] Office hours: Mondays 1:30-2:30pm and by appointment COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course surveys the major trends and approaches to the comparative study of race in political science and critically examines the link between race and politics. The goals of the course are two-fold. First, we will investigate how the study of race is linked to some of the classic preoccupations of comparative political science, such as capitalist development, state formation, and nationalism. Second, we will explore how race “works” and how it is made and remade over time and across space. We thus seek to understand how the ideologies of race and racism connect disparate peoples, regimes, institutions, and national mythologies. Topics will include race and state formation, citizenship and national membership, immigration, racial regimes, and the political economy of race. PREREQUISITES: This course is open to graduate students only. COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND EVALUATION: Participation and Discussion (30%), 2 short essays (15% each), Research Paper (40%) Because this seminar is based primarily on peer-led discussions, regular attendance and active participation are essential. All students must complete the assigned readings before coming to class and prepare ideas for debate, discussion, or interpretation. Students will write 2 short essays (approximately 3 pages double-spaced)—to be circulated via email to other seminar members at least one day before the seminar—that includes a brief discussion of the key debates and issues brought up in the designated week’s readings as well as a short critique. -
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Anthropology of East Europe Review ‘WE ARE BESSARABIANS HERE’: IDENTITY, TRADITION AND POWER IN SOUTHERN BESSARABIA Ekaterina Anastassova Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria In the last three centuries the multiethnic101 How did these processes influence the ethnic area between the Dniester, the Prut and the Danube and religious situation in the agrarian multiethnic Rivers, formerly called Bessarabia102, has been region of Southern Bessarabia? The question is worth incorporated in different states (the Moldovan asking, bearing in mind that nationalism (or Kingdom, the Russian Empire, Romania and the ethnicisms) is shaped and directed by elites (Gellner USSR). Its peripheral location, the lack of a long- 1983). These elites, through national (or respectively lived state continuity, and the failure of policies ethnic) institutions are able to manipulate the identity directed towards uniting people under a national of the so-called ‘masses’ by using arguments of real paradigm, have undoubtedly determined the many- or mostly invented traditions (Hobsbawm, 1983). century stability of ethnic (and religious) How did the distance from the centre and the agrarian communities103 in the area. This was illustrated by nature of the area, which suggests a lack of well the fact that after the disintegration of the USSR, grounded elites who are needed for the new national when the region was divided between the two paradigm, affect the national, ethnic and religious independent countries - Moldova and Ukraine - some situation in the region? How are the identities of of these communities demonstrated their ‘otherness’ residents in the small, local multiethnic communities by seeking different ways of self-definition within the in the countryside of Southern Bessarabia modeled, national paradigm. -
The Limits of Consociationalism (As a Method of Conflict Management)
THE LIMITS OF CONSOCIATIONALISM (AS A METHOD OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT): BELGIUM AND CANADA AS CRUCIAL TESTS By Adrien Elleboudt Submitted to Central European University Department of International Relations and European Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations and European Studies Supervisor: Professor Erin Kristin Jenne CEU eTD Collection 14,660 Words Budapest, Hungary 2007 Abstract The thesis offers a critique on consociationalism as a method of ethnic integration. It tests two crucial-cases, Belgium and Canada, which are widely considered as successful consociational cases in the literature. This thesis attempt to demonstrate that internal factors of consociational systems can often become causes of further ethnic fragmentation instead of limiting them. Further, it argues that once consociational institutions are in place, separatist tendencies of ethnic groups are likely to pursue their road. It concludes that states should not put such institutions in place to begin with, because there is little or even nothing to do later to fix the problems they created. CEU eTD Collection i Acknowledgments I would like to thank my professor and supervisor Erin Jenne for her enthusiasm and encouragements, as well as for her thoughtful advices. I would also like to thank my Academic Writing professor, Robin Bellers, for his optimism and disponibility. CEU eTD Collection ii Table of Contents Abstract................................................................................................................................. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Ethnic
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Ethnic Visibility, Context, and Xenophobia: A European Perspective A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Shabnam Shenasi Azari 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Ethnic Visibility, Context, and Xenophobia: A European Perspective by Shabnam Shenasi Azari Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Min Zhou, Co-chair Professor Jennie Brand, Co-chair The purpose of this study is to answer the following overarching question: how does ethnic diversity among immigrant and native populations impact xenophobia? Many studies answer this question by examining the effects of relative immigrant group size. Instead, I argue that group size increases xenophobia when immigrants are ethnically visible, crossing salient linguistic, religious, or racial boundaries. In three investigations I look at the effects of the following factors on xenophobia: ethnic diversity in the immigrant population, ethnic diversity in the broader society, and being cultural marginal. Analyzing multilevel models using cross- national data from the European Social Survey (ESS), I examine the effects of regional and national contexts of immigrant visibility on xenophobia. I define xenophobia as the perception of immigrant threat. I also test the hypothesis that average xenophobia is higher among individuals living in more ethnically diverse countries. In the second investigation, I reexamine ii immigrant visibility, this time using Swiss ESS data to compare across municipalities. I also consider the effects of living adjacent to rather than in an immigrant-rich community. In a final investigation, I again analyze cross-national ESS data to determine the effects of being different from the cultural majority on xenophobia. -
The Model of Ethnic Democracy
THE MODEL OF ETHNIC DEMOCRACY Sammy SMOOHA ECMI Working Paper # 13 October 2001 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor Building) D-24939 Flensburg Germany +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper # 13 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller © European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2001. ISSN 1435-9812 The European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) is a non-partisan institution founded in 1996 by the Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the German State of Schleswig-Holstein. ECMI was established in Flensburg, at the heart of the Danish-German border region, in order to draw from the encouraging example of peaceful coexistence between minorities and majorities achieved here. ECMI’s aim is to promote interdisciplinary research on issues related to minorities and majorities in a European perspective and to contribute to the improvement of inter-ethnic relations in those parts of Western and Eastern Europe where ethno- political tension and conflict prevail. ECMI Working Papers are written either by the staff of ECMI or by outside authors commissioned by the Centre. As ECMI does not propagate opinions of its own, the views expressed in any of its publications are the sole responsibility of the author concerned. ECMI Working Paper # 13 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) © ECMI 2001 CONTENTS 1. About the Author......................................................................................................3