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Wschodnioznawstwo 2016 1.Indd Wschodnioznawstwo 2016 Wschodnioznawstwo 2016 Wrocław 2016 Rada Naukowa prof. dr hab. Jerzy Juchnowski Instytut Gospodarki i Zarządzania Przestrzenią Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Jana Amosa Komeńskiego w Lesznie, Instytut Politologii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego dr Józef Szymeczek Kongres Polaków w Republice Czeskiej, Wydział Pedagogiczny Uniwersytetu Ostrawskiego dr Anatol Wialiki Wydział Historii Białoruskiego Państwowego Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Maksima Tanka w Mińsku Redakcja prof. zw. dr hab. Zdzisław J. Winnicki – redaktor naczelny dr Tomasz Szyszlak – redaktor, sekretarz redakcji Recenzenci prof. dr hab. Nikołaj Iwanow Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Studium Europy Wschodniej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego dr Petr Slováček Instytut Studiów Środkowoeuropejskich Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Opavie dr hab. Natalya Yakovenko, prof. NUK im. T. Szewczenki Instytut Stosunków Międzynarodowych Narodowego Uniwersytetu Kijowskiego im. Tarasa Szewczenki ISSN 2082-7695 Redakcja deklaruje, że podstawową wersją czasopisma jest jego wersja drukowana Czasopismo indeksowane na Index Copernicus Journals Master List, BazHum oraz ' e Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities © Copyright by Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych Wydziału Nauk Społecznych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego O& cyna Wydawnicza Arboretum ul. Witosa 16, 51-507 Wrocław tel./fax 071 344 06 63 e-mail: [email protected] Spis treści TEORIA I PRAKTYKA KONFLIKTÓW ETNICZNYCH I WYZNANIOWYCH Joanna Kulska Rola pojednania w relacyjnym podejściu do rozwiązywania kon$ iktów . 11 Paweł Nieczuja-Ostrowski Translokacja kon$ iktów – zjawisko przenoszenia kon$ iktów etnicznych z kraju pochodzenia do rzeczywistości diasporalnej i imigranckiej . 27 Helena Giebień Kon$ ikty etniczne we współczesnej Rosji. Zarys problemu ................. 41 Iwona Kabzińska Rosja i Ukraina – kon$ ikt w rodzinie słowiańskiej? ....................... 59 Michał Lubicz Miszewski Skutki kon$ iktu w Donbasie dla jego mieszkańców z perspektywy polskich dziennikarzy i blogerów .......................... 79 Adrian Szumski Współpraca międzynarodowa w zwalczaniu przestępczości zorganizowanej na obszarach dawnych kon$ iktów etnicznych na przykładzie misji EULEX Kosowo ..................................... 93 Renata Król-Mazur Świadkowie Jehowy jako najbardziej zwalczana sekta w Armenii . 101 GOSPODARKA I DYPLOMACJA CHIN Ewa Cieślik Historia gospodarcza Chin okresu przedkomunistycznego: wpływ otwarcia gospodarki na świat na rozwój ekonomiczny kraju . 121 Marcin Adamczyk Wojna rosyjsko-ukraińska w Donbasie jako wyzwanie dla chińskiej dyplomacji .................................. 133 Natalia Broś Model chińskiej cyberdyplomacji ........................................ 145 6 Spis treści MNIEJSZOŚCI NARODOWE I ETNICZNE ORAZ RUCHY MIGRACYJNE W EUROPIE ŚRODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ Elżbieta Szyszlak Wietnamczycy w Republice Czeskiej. Między izolacją a integracją . 163 Paweł Popieliński Migracje Romów z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i Bałkanów do Niemiec po 1990 r. Konteksty bezpieczeństwa . 185 Ondřej Klípa Identifying of European Roma-Gypsy groups with the term „Roma”. Towards consensus? ................................................. 203 Andrzej Szabaciuk Polityka etniczna Republiki Estońskiej .................................. 219 Katarzyna Jędrzejczyk-Kuliniak Wojna religijna w łonie islamu. Europejska umma wobec naporu sala* tów .. 241 WSPÓŁCZESNA ROSJA Wojciech Sitarz Rewolucja tradycji. Zwrot konserwatywny jako strategia Kremla w polityce wewnętrznej i zagranicznej .. 257 Grzegorz Tokarz Polska i Rosja w narracji historycznej Partii Politycznej „Zmiana” . 271 Mateusz Dębowicz Managed civil society during Vladimir Putin era – methods of control . 279 Kamil Baraniuk Mniejszości rosyjskojęzyczne w polityce zagranicznej Federacji Rosyjskiej – przykład Estonii .................................................. 289 STOSUNKI MIĘDZYNARODOWE W REGIONIE EUROPY ŚRODKOWEJ I NA BLISKIM WSCHODZIE Светлана Францевна Свилас О генезисе взаимодействия Беларуси и Польши в ЮНЕСКО (1954-1964 гг.) .................................................. 301 Kamil Szubart Intensy* kacja stosunków niemiecko-ukraińskich w okresie od Szczytu Partnerstwa Wschodniego w Wilnie do „rewolucji godności” ................................................ 315 Spis treści 7 Sławomir Czapnik Węzeł kurdyjski. Sytuacja i perspektywy Kurdów w Turcji, Iraku i Syrii .. 329 Bogusław Olszewski From ad hoc cyber peace operations to HyperState. e outline of the future peace support. Part I ........................... 349 RECENZJE I ARTYKUŁY RECENZYJNE Artur Roland Kozłowski, Geopolityczne przemiany białoruskiej przestrzeni cywilizacyjnej , Wydawnictwo CeDeWu.pl, Warszawa 2015, ss. 332 (Zdzisław J. Winnicki) . 365 Tomasz Browarek, Ludność niemiecka w polityce państwa polskiego w latach 1945-1989 , Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2015, ss. 405 (Irena Kurasz) . 373 Anna-Lena Lauren, U horah vsi rivni. Pro Kawkaz i joho narody , Wydawnictwo Piramida, Lwów 2012, ss. 150 (Yuliya Lesyk) . 375 Bogumił Grott, Dylematy polskiego nacjonalizmu. Powrót do tradycji czy przebudowa narodowego ducha , Von Boroviecky, Radzymin 2014, ss. 415 (Maciej Strutyński) . 381 Kronika naukowa Zakładu Badań Wschodnich za rok akademicki 2015/2016 .................................................. 395 Informacje dla autorów ................................................. 407 Formularz recenzyjny ................................................. 409 Podyplomowe Studia Wschodnie ........................................ 411 TEORIA I PRAKTYKA KONFLIKTÓW ETNICZNYCH I WYZNANIOWYCH Joanna Kulska Rola pojednania w relacyjnym podejściu do rozwiązywania kon$ iktów Kwestia znaczenia relacji między różnymi podmiotami stosunków między- narodowych, od relacji na poziomie najmniejszych grup społecznych, aż po te zorganizowane przez państwa, jakkolwiek znana i analizowana od dawna jako ważny element procesów społecznych i politycznych, staje się od kilkunastu lat przedmiotem wzmożonego zainteresowania badaczy i praktyków zajmujących się dziedziną szeroko rozumianej dyplomacji, jak również związanej z nią dziedziny rozwiązywania kon{ iktów i budowania pokoju. W sferze ewoluującej od kilku już dekad polityki międzynarodowej, w której zakres wchodzi coraz większa liczba zagadnień odnoszących się do coraz większej liczby podmiotów kształtujących tę politykę, obok klasycznych kategorii politologicznych, takich jak władza, siła, interes czy rywalizacja pojawiają się nowe, lub też nienowe, ale pomijane w do- tychczasowym dyskursie, kategorie, idee i podejścia. Podejście relacyjne (relational approach), stawiające w centrum zainteresowa- nia procesów społecznych i politycznych interakcje między podmiotami, prowa- dzące do budowania, utrzymywania i transformacji ich wzajemnych stosunków, rozwija się w obszarze socjologii, politologii i komunikacji społecznej, prawa, a nawet ekonomii 1. Zjawisko to jest wyrazem uniwersalnej zmiany sposobu my- ślenia i powrotu do znanych od dawna praktyk społecznych, w tym praktyk dy- plomatycznych, które w przeszłości koncentrowały się w większym stopniu na zachowaniach koniecznych do budowania relacji. O podejściu relacyjnym dysku- tuje się w kontekście tradycyjnej dyplomacji, ale też nowej dyplomacji, w tym ma- jącej ogromne znaczenie dyplomacji publicznej 2. Podejście relacyjne jest również od kilku już dekad przedmiotem pogłębionej analizy w obszarze rozwiązywania kon{ iktów i budowania pokoju. Ta nowa, poszerzona perspektywa odnosząca się postrzegania i analizowania najważniejszych zagadnień składających się na bieżący stan polityki między- 1 http://relationalthinking.net/ (22 VI 2016). 2 R.S. Zaharna, A. Fisher, A. Arsenault, Relational. Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy. ' e Connective Mindshi( , New York 2013, s. 2. 12 Joanna Kulska narodowej jest dostrzegalna w różnych sferach stosunków międzynarodowych. Wskazuje się w tym kontekście na nowe nurty i podejścia badawcze, ale również na konieczność całkowitego przewartościowania dotychczasowych sposobów ro- zumienia, czym jest polityka i jaką rolę odgrywają w niej poszczególne podmioty. Wspólnym mianownikiem łączącym różne obszary i kategorie rozważań jest czę- sto wyjście poza stosunkowo jednostronne „zachodnio-centryczne” podejście do problemów takich jak kon{ ikty i ich rozwiązywanie, ale również innych kluczo- wych zagadnień takich jak sprawiedliwość, prawa człowieka czy rozwój, w kie- runku dowartościowania „wymiaru ludzkiego”, odróżnianego, a niekiedy wręcz przeciwstawianego wymiarowi instytucjonalno-organizacyjnemu. Celem artykułu jest zde& niowanie podejścia relacyjnego (relational approach) jako znajdującej coraz więcej zwolenników alternatywy dla tradycyjnych modeli do rozwiązywania kon{ iktów i budowania pokoju. Podejście relacyjne zostanie zaprezentowane w artykule przez pryzmat jednej z najważniejszych koncepcji, która stanowi jego egzempli& kację, to jest pojednania. Podejście relacyjne jako „nowa-stara” koncepcja Istotą podejścia relacyjnego jest skoncentrowanie uwagi, w sensie teoretycznym i empirycznym, na interakcjach między ludźmi, a dokładniej ich transformacji, jako na celu i metodzie rozwiązywania kon{ iktów. Wydaje się, że nie będzie prze- sadnym stwierdzenie, że nurt relacyjny jest swoistym znakiem czasów i przeja- wem znaczących zmian w środowisku międzynarodowym, jak również będących efektem tych zmian nowych podejść i metod radzenia sobie z nimi. Podejście relacyjne staje się alternatywą wobec głównych nurtów badawczych
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