Tomato Plant Culture, in the Field, Greenhouse, and Home Garden, Second Edition
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7395_C000.fm Page i Wednesday, June 20, 2007 5:41 PM 7395_C000.fm Page ii Wednesday, June 20, 2007 5:41 PM 7395_C000.fm Page iii Wednesday, June 20, 2007 5:41 PM 7395_C000.fm Page iv Wednesday, June 20, 2007 5:41 PM CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-7395-4 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jones, J. Benton, 1930- Tomato plant culture: in the field, greenhouse, and home garden / J. Benton Jones, Jr. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8493-7395-4 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8493-7395-6 (alk. paper) 1. Tomatoes. I. Title. SB349.J65 2007 635’.642--dc22 2006102482 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com 7395_C000.fm Page v Wednesday, June 20, 2007 5:41 PM Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction......................................................................................1 Historical Background ..........................................................................................1 Tomato Trivia ........................................................................................................2 Plant Characteristics..............................................................................................3 Scientific Classification.........................................................................................5 Common Names....................................................................................................6 Tomato Products....................................................................................................6 Tomato Yield Records...........................................................................................7 Production Statistics..............................................................................................7 Consumer Consumption and Preferences...........................................................10 Tomato Production in the United States........................................................... 12 Greenhouse Tomato Production..........................................................................13 Field- versus Greenhouse-Grown Fruit ..............................................................19 Home Gardening.................................................................................................22 Personal General Observations...........................................................................32 The Internet.........................................................................................................34 Personal Experiences ..........................................................................................36 1948–1952 .................................................................................................36 1952–1954 .................................................................................................36 1959–1968 .................................................................................................36 Cleveland, Ohio, Tomato Greenhouses.........................................36 1968–1989 .................................................................................................38 Turn-Key Hydroponic Tomato Greenhouse..................................38 Hydroponic Tomato Complex at Byron, Georgia.........................40 Pinebark Tomato GroBox..............................................................41 Hydroponic Training Program in South Georgia .........................42 The Scaife Hydroponic Growing System .....................................44 Hydroponic Tomato Farm in Florida ............................................44 Fresh Market Tomato Production Farm in North Carolina..........46 1989 to Present..........................................................................................48 Chapter 2 Plant Characteristics and Physiology............................................55 Introduction .........................................................................................................55 Plant Forms .........................................................................................................55 Days to Maturity .................................................................................................56 Photosynthetic Characteristics ............................................................................56 Light Energy Level .............................................................................................58 Light Quality.......................................................................................................61 7395_C000.fm Page vi Wednesday, June 20, 2007 5:41 PM Daylight Length ..................................................................................................62 Carbon Dioxide Enrichment ...............................................................................62 Water Requirement..............................................................................................64 Plant Air Temperature Requirements................................................................ 66 Root Temperature Effects ...................................................................................68 Consistency .........................................................................................................69 Flower Characteristics.........................................................................................70 Flower Pollination...............................................................................................71 Fruit Characteristics ............................................................................................74 Cultural Systems .................................................................................................77 Field Production................................................................................................ 77 Greenhouse Production.......................................................................................78 Chapter 3 Seed and Seedling Production.......................................................81 Introduction .........................................................................................................81 Seed Characteristics ............................................................................................82 Elemental Composition..................................................................................... 83 Germination Testing Procedures.........................................................................83 Germination Time and Temperature...................................................................84 Young Vegetative Plants......................................................................................84 Seedling Production ............................................................................................86 Transplant Characteristics...................................................................................90 Setting in the Soil ...............................................................................................92 Grafting ...............................................................................................................92 Seed Production ..................................................................................................95 Saving Seed from Mature Tomato Fruit.............................................................95 Procedure for Saving Seed from a Ripe Tomato Fruit.............................96 Catalog Descriptions...........................................................................................96 Days to Maturity .................................................................................................97 Seed Treatments ..................................................................................................97