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Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers State of Forest and Tree Genetic Resources in the Republic of Moldova by Dragos Postolache Botanical Garden (Institute) Academy of Sciences Chisinau, Republic of Moldova 2004 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FGR/64E Forest Resources Division FAO, Rome, Italy Disclaimer The Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers report on issues and activities related to the conservation, sustainable use and management of forest genetic resources. The purpose of these papers is to provide early information on on-going activities and programmes, and to stimulate discussion. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Quantitative information regarding the status of forest resources has been compiled according to sources, methodologies and protocols identified and selected by the author, for assessing the diversity and status of genetic resources. For standardized methodologies and assessments on forest resources, please refer to FAO, 2003. State of the World’s Forests 2003 ; and to FAO, 2001. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 (FRA2000). FAO Forestry Paper No 140 . Information can also be found at the FAO-Forestry Internet site (http://www.fao.org/forestry/Forestry.asp ). Comments and feedback are welcome. For further information please contact: Pierre Sigaud, Forestry Officer (Forest Genetic Resources) Forest Resources Division Forestry Department FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Fax: +39 06 570 55 137 [email protected] For quotation: Postolache, D. 2004. State of Forest and Tree Genetic Resources in the Republic of Moldova. Forest Genetic Resources Working Paper FGR/64E. Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division. FAO, Rome. i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS RELATED TO FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. CURRENT STATE OF FOREST RESOURCES ........................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Introduction......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2. Moldovan forests today ....................................................................................... 1 1.2. UTILIZATION OF TREES ..................................................................................................... 3 1.3. THREAT IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................................. 4 1.4. LINKS BETWEEN THE FORESTRY SECTOR AND FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES ..................... 5 1.5. LINKS WITH OTHER ACTIVITIES ......................................................................................... 6 1.5.1. Agriculture .......................................................................................................... 6 1.5.2. Energy ................................................................................................................ 7 1.5.3. Forest exploitation and wood industry................................................................ 7 2. PAST AND PRESENT ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELDS OF CONSERVATION, UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES ............. 7 2.1. SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF SEED FOR AGROFORESTRY AND AFFORESTATION ...................... 7 2.2. IN SITU CONSERVATION ..................................................................................................... 10 2.3. EX SITU CONSERVATION .................................................................................................... 15 3. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK..................................................................................... 17 3.1. INSTITUTIONS : THEIR ROLE , RESPONSIBILITIES AND CAPABILITIES .................................... 17 3.2. NATIONAL LEGISLATION , POLICY AND STRATEGY ON FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES ......... 19 3.3. LINKS WITH OTHER INITIATIVES (C ONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES ) ..................................................................................................... 25 3.4. BIOSAFETY REGULATIONS ................................................................................................ 26 3.5. LEGISLATION ON ACCESS , PROPERTY RIGHTS AND BENEFIT-SHARING ............................... 26 4. IDENTIFICATION OF NATIONAL PRIORITY SPECIES............................................ 28 4.1. NATIVE SPECIES ................................................................................................................ 28 4.2. EXOTIC SPECIES ................................................................................................................ 32 5. SUPPORT ACTIVITIES....................................................................................................... 33 5.1. TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING ................................................................................. 33 5.2. RESEARCH ........................................................................................................................ 34 5.3. NATIONAL FORESTRY POLICY ........................................................................................... 37 6. PROPOSALS FOR REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION........ 38 LITERATURE AND REFERENCES...................................................................................... 41 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 44 Appendix 1: abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................... 45 Appendix 2: value and use of target and important species.................................... 46 Appendix 3: location and management of genetic resources, by natural site and species ..................................................................................................................... 47 Appendix 4: nature and level of threats to the integrity of species/populations of important tree species.............................................................................................. 48 Appendix 5: list of priority species for conservation, improvement or seed procurement............................................................................................................. 50 ii List of tables Table 1: re-afforested and afforested areas in the Republic of Moldova (1994-2000) ............... 8 Table 2: protected areas in the Republic of Moldova (2000)....................................................... 11 Table 3: permanent forest seed stands.......................................................................................... 12 Table 4: forest genetic reserves.................................................................................................... 12 Table 5: selected forest genetic resources of Moldova (IPGRI-Project) ..................................... 13 Table 6: forest seed plantations and clone archives ..................................................................... 16 iii 1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS RELATED TO FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES This country report was prepared to assess the conservation, management and use of forest and tree genetic resources. The report is based on the following information: - Report on the State of the Forestry Sector in the Republic of Moldova for the reference period 1997-2002 (Popu şoi A., 2002); - First National Report on Biological Diversity; - National Strategy and Action Plan on Biological Diversity Conservation; - Second National Report on Biodiversity, and - Strategy on Sustainable Development of the Forest Sector. The results from the "Genetic resources of broadleaved forest tree species in South-eastern Europe Project”, coordinated by IPGRI and funded by the Government of Luxembourg, (Blada et al ., 2002) were also used. Information from monographs, scientific studies and papers submitted to conferences is also included. 1.1. Current state of forest resources 1.1.1. Introduction Intense and un-managed forest resource exploration can severly impact intraspecific, floristic and ecosystem diversity. The stability, productivity and long term sustainability of forest stands may be reduced if the genetic diversity of forest populations is reduced. This report was compiled with the hope of contributing to the formulation of effective studies on forest genetic resources that would lead to successful national management policies and conservation strategies in the future. 1.1.2. Moldovan forests today Forests are one of the most valuable renewable natural resources in the Republic of Moldova. According to Article 14 of the Forest Code, all forests have protective functions. - water protection - land and soil protection; - protection against harmful climatic and industrial factors - recreational functions - scientific interest and gene pool conservation (forest reserves, national parks, etc.). The area under the National Forest Fund (NFF) is 392 600 ha (11,6 percent of the total country area) including 349 500 ha of forests (10,3 percent of the total country area)
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