Phytosanitary Measures of Sudden Oak Death (SOD) Disease

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Phytosanitary Measures of Sudden Oak Death (SOD) Disease Phytosanitary Measures of Sudden Oak Death (SOD) Disease 1. Areas Prohibited Areas Regulated Areas [Asia] Japan, Viet Nam [North America] United States of America [Europe] Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, (California and Oregon states excluding the Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, prohibited areas, Washington state), Canada Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, (British Columbia province) Portugal, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom [North America] United States of America (California State: Alameda, Contra Costa, Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma, Trinity counties; Oregon State: Curry County) [South America] Argentina 2. Plants Any propagative materials except seeds (such as nursery stocks including root stocks, cuttings and scions), bark, and woods (including logs) with bark. Host Plants Associated Plants Acer macrophyllum Abies alba Acer pseduoplatanus Abies concolor Adiantum aleuticum Abies grandis Adiantum jordanii Abies magnifica Aesculus californica Abies procera Aesculus hippocastanum Acer circinatum Arbutus menziesii Acer davidii Arctostaphylos manzanita Acer laevigatum Calluna vulgaris Arbutus unedo Camellia spp. Arctostaphylos columbiana Castanea sativa Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Cinnamomum camphora Ardisia japonica Fagus sylvatica Betula pendula Host Plants Associated Plants Frangula californica (=Rhamnus californica) Calycanthus occidentalis Frangula purshiana (=Rhamus purshiana) Castanopsis orthacantha Fraxinus excelsior Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Gaultheria procumbens Chaemaecyparis lawsoniana Griselinia littoralis Clintonia andrewsiana Hamamelis virginiana Cornus kousa x C. capitata Heteromeles arbutifolia Corylus cornuta Kalmia spp. Distylium myricoides Larix kaempferi Drimys winteri Laurus nobilis Dryopteris arguta Lithocarpus densiflorus (=Notholithocarpus densiflorus) Eucalyptus haemastoma Lonicera hispidula Euonymus kiautschovicus Maianthemum racemosum (=Smilacina racemosa) Fraxinus latifolia Michelia doltsopa (=Magnolia doltsopa) Gaultheria shallon Parrotia persica Hamamelis mollis Photinia fraseri Hamamelis x intermedia (H. mollis & H. japonica) Pieris spp. Ilex cornuta Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Ilex purpurea Quercus agrifolia Illicium parviflorum Quercus cerris Larix decidua Quercus chrysolepis Larix x eurolepis Quercus falcata Leucothoe axillaris Quercus ilex Leucothoe fontanesiana Quercus kelloggii Loropetalum chinense Quercus parvula var. shrevei Magnolia denudata Rhododendron spp. Magnolia grandiflora Rosa gymnocarpa Magnolia stellata Salix caprea Magnolia x loebneri Sequoia sempervirens Magnolia x soulangeana Syringa vulgaris Mahonia nervosa (=Berberis nervosa) Taxus baccata Manglietia insignis (=Magnolia insignis) Trientalis latifolia Michelia maudiae (=Magnolia maudiae) Umbellularia californica Michelia wilsonii (=Magnolia ernestii) Vaccinium ovatum Molinadendron sinaloense Viburnum spp. Nerium oleander Nothofagus oblique Osmanthus decorus (=Phillyrea decora =P. vilmoriniana) Osmanthus delavayi Osmanthus fragrans Host Plants Associated Plants Osmanthus heterophyllus Osmorhiza berteroi Parakmeria lotungensis (=Magnolia lotungensis) Picea sitchensis Pittosporum undulatum Prunus laurocerasus Prunus lusitanica Pyracantha koidzumii Quercus acuta Quercus petraea Quercus phillyraeoides Quercus robur Quercus rubra Rosa spp. Rubus spectabilis Schima argentea Schima wallichii Taxus brevifolia Taxus x media Torreya californica Toxicodendron diversilobum (=Rhus diversiloba) Trachelospermum jasminoides Tsuga heterophylla Vaccinium myrtillus Vancouveria planipetala Veronica spicata (=Pseudolysimachion spicatum) 3. Phytosanitary measures • Importation of the relevant parts of host plants from the prohibited areas is prohibited. • Additional declaration (“The shipment was inspected and found free of Phytophthora ramorum”) on Phytosanitary Certificate (PC) is required for the importation of; - The relevant parts of host plants and/or associated plants from the regulated areas - The relevant parts of associated plants from the prohibited areas • And in case of USA, the name of State and County is required on PC as an additional declaration.
Recommended publications
  • Species List
    1 of 16 Claypits 20/09/2021 species list Group Taxon Common Name Earliest Latest Records acarine Aceria macrorhyncha 2012 2012 1 acarine Aceria nalepai 2018 2018 1 amphibian Bufo bufo Common Toad 2001 2018 6 amphibian Lissotriton helveticus Palmate Newt 2001 2018 5 amphibian Lissotriton vulgaris Smooth Newt 2001 2001 1 annelid Hirudinea Leech 2011 2011 1 bird Acanthis cabaret Lesser Redpoll 2013 2013 1 bird Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sedge Warbler 2001 2011 2 bird Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit 2011 2014 2 bird Alcedo atthis Kingfisher 2020 2020 1 bird Anas platyrhynchos Mallard 2013 2018 4 bird Anser Goose 2011 2011 1 bird Ardea cinerea Grey Heron 2013 2013 1 bird Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck 2013 2014 1 bird Buteo buteo Buzzard 2013 2014 2 bird Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch 2011 2014 5 bird Chloris chloris Greenfinch 2011 2014 6 bird Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-headed Gull 2014 2014 1 bird Coloeus monedula Jackdaw 2011 2013 2 bird Columba livia Feral Pigeon 2014 2014 1 bird Columba palumbus Woodpigeon 2011 2018 8 bird Corvus corax Raven 2020 2020 1 bird Corvus corone Carrion Crow 2011 2014 5 bird Curruca communis Whitethroat 2011 2014 4 bird Cyanistes caeruleus Blue Tit 2011 2014 6 bird Cygnus olor Mute Swan 2013 2014 4 bird Delichon urbicum House Martin 2011 2011 1 bird Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting 2013 2014 2 bird Erithacus rubecula Robin 2011 2014 7 bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine 2013 2013 1 bird Falco tinnunculus Kestrel 2010 2020 3 bird Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch 2011 2014 7 bird Gallinula chloropus Moorhen 2013
    [Show full text]
  • Phytophthora Ramorum Sudden Oak Death Pathogen
    NAME OF SPECIES: Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death pathogen Synonyms: Common Name: Sudden Oak Death pathogen A. CURRENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION I. In Wisconsin? 1. YES NO X 2. Abundance: 3. Geographic Range: 4. Habitat Invaded: 5. Historical Status and Rate of Spread in Wisconsin: 6. Proportion of potential range occupied: II. Invasive in Similar Climate YES NO X Zones United States: In 14 coastal California Counties and in Curry County, Oregon. In nursery in Washington. Canada: Nursery in British Columbia. Europe: Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, France, Belgium, and Sweden. III. Invasive in Similar Habitat YES X NO Types IV. Habitat Affected 1. Habitat affected: this disease thrives in cool, wet climates including areas in coastal California within the fog belt or in low- lying forested areas along stream beds and other bodies of water. Oaks associated with understory species that are susceptible to foliar infections are at higher risk of becoming infected. 2. Host plants: Forty-five hosts are regulated for this disease. These hosts have been found naturally infected by P. ramorum and have had Koch’s postulates completed, reviewed and accepted. Approximately fifty-nine species are associated with Phytophthora ramorum. These species are found naturally infected; P. ramorum has been cultured or detected with PCR but Koch’s postulates have not been completed or documented and reviewed. Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) is considered an associated host. See end of document for complete list of plant hosts. National Risk Model and Map shows susceptible forest types in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosis of Phytophthora Ramorum in Trees
    Diagnosis of PhytophthoraPhytophthora ramorumramorum in Trees by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia April, 2004 The organism shown to be responsible for SOD (sudden oak death) is Phytophthora ramorum, a fungus / yeast-like brown algae. This pathogen generates a number of symptoms in the trees infected. Of the trees and large shrubs shown to be infectable with this pathogen, some species have more serious stem and branch lesions like oaks, while other species have primarily leaf and twig lesions. In a single landscape, multiple hosts can keep the pathogen present for further attacks. This publication was prepared by reviewing approximately 35 research or disease announcement publications in Europe and North America. In addition, a number of factsheets and synthesized informa- tion guides were reviewed for continuity. This publication is designed for field diagnosis of SOD-like symptoms and related symptom sets on community trees. This publication should not be used in tree nursery situations, and is not a pathogen centered review. It is critical to seek pathological expertise and testing for confirming disease organism presence. A selected bibliography is available entitled “Sudden Oak Death – SOD: Bibliography of Important Literature.” (Coder, Kim D. 2004. University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forest Resources outreach publication SFR04-1. 2pp.). Names The tree syndrome or symptom set which characterizes attack by Phytophthora ramorum has common names of “ramorum dieback,” “ramorum blight,” “ramorum twig blight,”“ramorum leaf blight,” “ramorum stem canker,” “blood spot disease,” or “sudden oak death” (SOD). Phytophthora ramorum, and the less virulent Phytophthora nemorosa and Phytophthora pseudosyringae are all relatively new pathogen species recovered from trees which show ramorum blight symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Forage Availability on Diet Choice and Body Condition in American Beavers (Castor Canadensis)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers National Park Service 2013 The oler of forage availability on diet choice and body condition in American beavers (Castor canadensis) William J. Severud Northern Michigan University Steve K. Windels National Park Service Jerrold L. Belant Mississippi State University John G. Bruggink Northern Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark Severud, William J.; Windels, Steve K.; Belant, Jerrold L.; and Bruggink, John G., "The or le of forage availability on diet choice and body condition in American beavers (Castor canadensis)" (2013). U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers. 124. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark/124 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the National Park Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Mammalian Biology 78 (2013) 87–93 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Mammalian Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mambio Original Investigation The role of forage availability on diet choice and body condition in American beavers (Castor canadensis) William J. Severud a,∗, Steve K. Windels b, Jerrold L. Belant c, John G. Bruggink a a Northern Michigan University, Department of Biology, 1401 Presque Isle Avenue, Marquette, MI 49855, USA b National Park Service, Voyageurs National Park, 360 Highway 11 East, International Falls, MN 56649, USA c Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA article info abstract Article history: Forage availability can affect body condition and reproduction in wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • Nursery Price List
    Lincoln-Oakes Nurseries 3310 University Drive • Bismarck, ND 58504 Nursery Seed Price List 701-223-8575 • [email protected] The following seed is in stock or will be collected and available for 2010 or spring 2011 PENDING CROP, all climatic zone 3/4 collections from established plants in North Dakota except where noted. Acer ginnala - 18.00/lb d.w Cornus racemosa - 19.00/lb Amur Maple Gray dogwood Acer tataricum - 15.00/lb d.w Cornus alternifolia - 21.00/lb Tatarian Maple Pagoda dogwood Aesculus glabra (ND, NE) - 3.95/lb Cornus stolonifera (sericea) - 30.00/lb Ohio Buckeye – collected from large well performing Redosier dogwood Trees in upper midwest Amorpha canescens - 90.00/lb Leadplant 7.50/oz Amorpha fruiticosa - 10.50/lb False Indigo – native wetland restoration shrub Aronia melanocarpa ‘McKenzie” - 52.00/lb Black chokeberry - taller form reaching 6-8 ft in height, glossy foliage, heavy fruit production, Corylus cornuta (partial husks) - 16.00/lb NRCS release Beaked hazelnut/Native hazelnut (Inquire) Caragana arborescens - 16.00/lb Cotoneaster integerrimus ‘Centennial’ - 32.00/lb Siberian peashrub European cotoneaster – NRCS release, 6-10’ in height, bright red fruit Celastrus scandens (true) (Inquire) - 58.00/lb American bittersweet, no other contaminating species in area Crataegus crus-galli - 22.00/lb Cockspur hawthorn, seed from inermis Crataegus mollis ‘Homestead’ arnoldiana-24.00/lb Arnold hawthorn – NRCS release Crataegus mollis - 19.50/lb Downy hawthorn Elaeagnus angustifolia - 9.00/lb Russian olive Elaeagnus commutata
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings, 18Th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2012 March 26-28; Morgantown, WV; Gen
    United States Department of Agriculture Proceedings Forest Service 18th Central Hardwood Northern Research Station Forest Conference General Technical Report NRS-P-117 Morgantown, WV March 26-28, 2012 This document is being published in electronic format only (Web and CD). Any corrections or additions will be posted to the Web site (www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs). Cover photo of a morel mushroom by Shawn T. Grushecky, West Virginia University, used with permission. The findings and conclusions of each article in this publication are those of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service. All articles were received in digital format and were edited for uniform type and style. Each author is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her paper. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This publication/database reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed CAUTION: here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered PESTICIDES by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers State of Forest and Tree Genetic Resources in the Republic of Moldova by Dragos Postolache Botanical Garden (Institute) Academy of Sciences Chisinau, Republic of Moldova 2004 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FGR/64E Forest Resources Division FAO, Rome, Italy Disclaimer The Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers report on issues and activities related to the conservation, sustainable use and management of forest genetic resources. The purpose of these papers is to provide early information on on-going activities and programmes, and to stimulate discussion. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Quantitative information regarding the status of forest resources has been compiled according to sources, methodologies and protocols identified and selected by the author, for assessing the diversity and status of genetic resources. For standardized methodologies and assessments on forest resources, please refer to FAO, 2003. State of the World’s Forests 2003 ; and to FAO, 2001. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 (FRA2000). FAO Forestry Paper No 140 . Information can also be found at the FAO-Forestry Internet site (http://www.fao.org/forestry/Forestry.asp ). Comments and feedback are welcome. For further information please contact: Pierre Sigaud, Forestry Officer (Forest Genetic Resources) Forest Resources Division Forestry Department FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Fax: +39 06 570 55 137 [email protected] For quotation: Postolache, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids
    Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids . oaks, birches, evening primroses . a major group of the woody plants (trees/shrubs) present at your sites The Wind Pollinated Trees • Alternate leaved tree families • Wind pollinated with ament/catkin inflorescences • Nut fruits = 1 seeded, unilocular, indehiscent (example - acorn) *Juglandaceae - walnut family Well known family containing walnuts, hickories, and pecans Only 7 genera and ca. 50 species worldwide, with only 2 genera and 4 species in Wisconsin Carya ovata Juglans cinera shagbark hickory Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Leaves pinnately compound, alternate (walnuts have smallest leaflets at tip) Leaves often aromatic from resinous peltate glands; allelopathic to other plants Carya ovata Juglans cinera shagbark hickory Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family The chambered pith in center of young stems in Juglans (walnuts) separates it from un- chambered pith in Carya (hickories) Juglans regia English walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Trees are monoecious Wind pollinated Female flower Male inflorescence Juglans nigra Black walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Male flowers apetalous and arranged in pendulous (drooping) catkins or aments on last year’s woody growth Calyx small; each flower with a bract CA 3-6 CO 0 A 3-∞ G 0 Juglans cinera Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Female flowers apetalous and terminal Calyx cup-shaped and persistant; 2 stigma feathery; bracted CA (4) CO 0 A 0 G (2-3) Juglans cinera Juglans nigra Butternut, white
    [Show full text]
  • Duke of York Gardens Tree Walk Guide (PDF, 890KB)
    Set on the banks of the River Freshney, work on the Duke of York Prior to this, the area was mainly farmland with the River Freshney The park is separated by a foot path that links York Street with Haven Gardens began in 1877 but it wasn’t opened until September meandering through it, and in1787 the only street present was Avenue. The eastern side of the park consists of areas to sit and take in 1894. The Mayor of Grimsby, George Doughty, performed the Haycroft Street which led to the south bank of the River Freshney. the wildlife whilst the western side of the park provides a more active opening ceremony accompanied by his wife and family. offering including play equipment, parkour, football and basketball. 1 Silver Birch Betula pendula 4 Holm Oak Quercus ilex 7 Holly Ilex aquifolium Holm oaks are different to other oaks in Distinguished by its white bark, the silver birch They can live for 300 years and can be seen flowering that they keep their leaves all year, they improves the soil by taking on otherwise here in October and November, and holly is dioecious are evergreen. They still produce acorns, inaccessible nutrients deep in the ground with its meaning that male and female flowers are found on which are smaller than our native oak very deep roots. These nutrients become part of different trees. The male flowers are scented and the acorns. the tree which are recycled when the leaves fall. female flowers, once pollinated by insects, produce bright red berries throughout winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Homogenous Genetic Structure in Populations of Taxus Baccata with Varied Proportions of Male and Female Individuals
    Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 4 article id 1236 Category: research article SILVA FENNICA www.silvafennica.fi ISSN-L 0037-5330 | ISSN 2242-4075 (Online) The Finnish Society of Forest Science Natural Resources Institute Finland Monika Litkowiec 1, Beata P. Plitta-Michalak 1, Andrzej Lewandowski 1 and Grze- gorz Iszkuło 1,2 Homogenous genetic structure in populations of Taxus baccata with varied proportions of male and female individuals Litkowiec M., Plitta-Michalak B.P., Lewandowski A., Iszkuło G. (2015). Homogenous genetic structure in populations of Taxus baccata with varied proportions of male and female individuals. Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 4 article id 1236. 14 p. Highlights • Polish populations of Taxus baccata showed a high level of genetic diversity within popula- tions and moderate genetic differentiation between them after nSSR marker testing. • No significant differences in the genetic variation between T. baccata male and female indi- viduals were observed, and microsatellite loci neutrality was verified. • Determining the sex ratio in T. baccata populations is not essential to develop a clear under- standing of genetic differentiation and diversity within and between populations of this species. Abstract English yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a strictly outcrossing and dioecious species whose popula- tions are small and isolated. It is known that sex ratios may vary in natural populations due to local environmental conditions or stochastic events. However, unbalanced sex ratios may have negative impacts on genetic diversity through enhanced genetic drift and inbreeding. The present study represents one of the first attempts to compare the genetic variation at microsatellite loci within and between populations with different gender proportions.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Classification of Acidophilous Oak Forestsin Slovakia
    Tuexenia 40: 33–52. Göttingen 2020. doi: 10.14471/2020.40.010, available online at www.zobodat.at Vegetation classification of acidophilous oak forests in Slovakia Vegetationsklassifikation bodensaurer Eichenwälder in der Slowakei Michal Slezák1, 2, * , Milan Valachovič3, , Drahoš Blanár4, František Máliš5, 6 , Dušan Senko3 & Hubert Žarnovičan7 1Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, 950 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; 2Podtatranské museum in Poprad, Vajanského 72/4, 058 01 Poprad, Slovakia; 3Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia; 4Administration of the Muránska planina National Park, J, Kráľa 12, 050 01 Revúca, Slovakia; 5Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; 6National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; 7Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Acidophilous oak forests are species-poor forest plant communities usually growing on mineral- poor geological and soil substrates. We compiled a large data set of 263 phytosociological relevés assigned to the Quercion roboris alliance in Slovakia to produce the first syntaxonomical revision at national level. Modified Twinspan algorithm was applied for numerical classification and
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity of Taxoids and Lignans From
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology 89 (2003) 265–270 Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of taxoids and lignans from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L. Esra Küpeli, Nurgün Erdemoglu,˘ Erdem Ye¸silada∗, BilgeSener ¸ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 6330, Ankara, Turkey Received 20 November 2002; received in revised form 27 August 2003; accepted 1 September 2003 Abstract Four taxoids (taxusin, baccatin VI, baccatin III and 1␤-hydroxybaccatin I) and five lignans (lariciresinol, taxiresinol, 3-demethylisolaricire- sinol-9-hydroxyisopropylether, isolariciresinol and 3-demethylisolariciresinol) were isolated from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L. (Tax- aceae) growing in Turkey through chromatographic techniques. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of these compounds were investigated. All the compounds were shown to possess significant antinociceptive activity against p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal contractions, while only lignan derivatives significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice. © 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antinociceptive; Lignans; Taxaceae; Taxoids; Taxus spec 1. Introduction L. (European yew) is the single representative in Turkey (Davis and Cullen, 1965). Until now, a large number of Genus Taxus L. (Taxaceae), yew, is widely distributed in taxoids possessing different skeleton systems, as well as the northern hemisphere, and has recently attracted a great lignans, flavonoids, steroids and sugar derivatives have been deal of attention as sources for an anticancer agent, pacli- isolated from various Taxus species (Baloglu˘ and Kingston, taxel (Taxol®), a unique diterpene taxoid originally extracted 1999; Parmar et al., 1999). During our course of studies on from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia (Wani the bioactive components, the chloroform-soluble portion et al., 1971; Baloglu˘ and Kingston, 1999; Parmar et al., of ethanolic extract of the heartwood of Taxus baccata af- 1999).
    [Show full text]