DOCSLIB.ORG

Maritime Alpine Cairns in Southeast Alaska: a Multidisciplinary Exploratory Study William J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maritime Alpine Cairns in Southeast Alaska: a Multidisciplinary Exploratory Study William J University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Anthropology Faculty Publications Anthropology, Department of 2016 Maritime Alpine Cairns in Southeast Alaska: A Multidisciplinary Exploratory Study William J. Hunt Jr. University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Ralph J. Hartley University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Bruce McCune Oregon State University, [email protected] Nijmah Ali Oregon State University, [email protected] Thomas F. Thornton University of Oxford, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthropologyfacpub Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Folklore Commons, Human Geography Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Hunt, William J. Jr.; Hartley, Ralph J.; McCune, Bruce; Ali, Nijmah; and Thornton, Thomas F., "Maritime Alpine Cairns in Southeast Alaska: A Multidisciplinary Exploratory Study" (2016). Anthropology Faculty Publications. 129. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthropologyfacpub/129 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MARITIME ALPINE CAIRNS IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA: A Multidisciplinary Exploratory Study by William J. Hunt, Jr. Ralph J. Hartley Bruce McCune Nijmah Ali Thomas F. Thornton 2016 Supported by the National Science Foundation (Project 1230132), Arctic Social Sciences Program, Division of Polar Programs i (This page was left intentionally blank) ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report describes the goals, data recovery methods, data analysis, and conclusions of a pilot project “A Multidisciplinary Exploratory Study of Alpine Cairns, Baranof Island, Southeast Alaska,” funded by the National Science Foundation under Project No. 1230132. The project brought together experts in the disciplines of archaeology, lichenology, and oral history to address questions regarding artificial and presumeably prehistoric, high altitude cairns. The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the views or recommendations of the National Science Foundation. In 2011, the Principal Investigators met and consulted with the tribal governments of the Sitka Tribe of Alaska and Angoon Community Association (Kootznoowoo Tlingit) about a project proposed to take place at or near their customary tribal boundary. Project planning and background research continued in 2012 as snow cover at the project site prevented fieldwork that summer. In 2013, Principal Investigators brought together a research team incorporating experts in the fields of anthropology, oral history, and botany. Two graduate students were brought onto the team to allow their participation in project planning and development. Fieldwork was initiated in July 2013, by Oxford University cultural anthropologist and oral historian, Dr. Thomas F. Thornton. He was able to draw upon twenty years of ethnographic research in those communities to conduct interviews with Tlingit elders at numerous communities in southeast Alaska. The purpose of this effort was to develop an historical-ecological context for Tlingit cultural activities, migrations, and ethnogeography in alpine settings. Dr. Thornton’s portion of the report provides an extensive narrative of project background, research objectives, methodology, descriptive data, and research conclusions. Archaeological and lichenological fieldwork took place in August 2013 and in 2014 at Cross Peak on Baranof Island and along both coasts of Hoonah Sound. Lichen and lichenometric inventory was undertaken in 2013 collecting data of interest to the lichenology research community and to apply traditional and innovative methods of dating alpine cairns based on the lichen and moss growth on their surfaces. Archaeological investigations were conducted in a manner consistent with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeological Documentation. All work was under the supervision of persons with appropriate professional qualifications. Archaeological researchers meet the professional qualifications included in “Secretary of the Interior’s Historic Preservation Professional Qualification Standards” (Federal Register Vol. 62, No. 119, pp. 33719-33723). This work initially focused on the slopes and crest of Cross Peak Mountain with goal to of identifying all cairns on the mountain as well as any other types of sites that might occur in the locality. The team recorded 50 cairns within 5 sites on Cross Peak Mountain. Archaeological data collected during this inventory includes cairn dimensions, GPS positions, still photographic images, and video documentation. Topographic mapping of the research locale and clustered features was i undertaken by UNAVCO using ground-based Lidar. With inventory and mapping completed, four alpine cairns were selected for excavation/dismantlement based on their morphology and lichen growth. As each feature was disassembled, archaeologists sought artifacts, faunal and floral materials, and carbon samples from inside and/or immediately under the cairn. All dismantled cairns were subsequently rebuilt within its marked footprint and within its approximate original morphology with lichen-bearing surfaces facing outward to the extent possible. No artifacts occurred within, under, or the excavated cairns. Radiocarbon (AMS) analysis of collected organic materials and lichenometrics indicate that alpine cairns on Cross Peak are prehistoric and built within the last two millennia. Physical, historical, and oral history points to construction of the cairns by ancestors of the Tlingit and, more specifically, by ancestors of Sitka and Kootznoowoo tribes. In September 2014, after retrieving a time-lapse camera left to overwinter at Cross Peak, one of the Principal Investigators and the project photographer conducted a helicopter survey over mountains along the lower reaches of Hoonah Sound. This survey identified 39 cairns at 29 sites demonstrating that alpine cairns occur in abundance on Baranof and Chichagof Islands. This innovative project has provided, for the first time, hard data on what may be the most ubiquitous prehistoric cultural feature in Southeast Alaska. The potential for coastal environments to be altered by dramatic change in climatic dynamics and regional tectonic activity influences local decision-making about resource use in various coastal landscapes throughout the world. This project contributes to the existing knowledge base of prehistoric and historic land-use in southeast Alaska, a means by which to ascertain how indigenous groups responded to the dynamics of a changing environment. The information collected about human activities on the Baranof, Chichagof, and the broader Alexander Archipelago broadens understanding of past human adaptation to this overall coastal environment. It has the potential to permit an assessment as to how this adaptation may or may not have varied from that of the land use practices of other coastal social systems in the world. In addition, data collected in this case study may be especially useful in understanding human adaptation in relation to rapid climate change due to the 1) rapid and dynamic climate and geomorphological changes in the landscape and 2) long-term habitation by peoples with strong oral tradition and ethnogeographic consciousness and adaptive capacity and resilience, etc. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This has been a long and fairly complex project, the complexity of it requiring the authors of this report to partner with a number of organizations and work closely with many people over the course of four years. First and foremost, the research team would like to recognize the Arctic Social Sciences Program, Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation without whose funding and guidance this project would not and could have taken place. Special thanks to Arctic Social Sciences Program Director Dr. Anna M. Kerttula de Echave for her guidance throughout the life of this pilot project. NSF-Arctic Social Sciences support includes: 2011 - NSF-Arctic Social Sciences Proposal 1145831 "Consultation Travel for A Multidisciplinary Pilot Study of Alpine Cairns, Southeast Alaska." 2012 - NSF Proposal 1230132 “Pilot Project: A Multidisciplinary Exploratory Study of Alpine Cairns, Baranof Island, Southeast Alaska.” 2013 - Supplementary funding to Award # 1230132 to conduct video, still photographic, and time-lapse photographic documentation of research. Drs. Hunt and Hartley acknowledge the assistance provided by our many partners in this project: Tongass National Forest - former Sitka District Chief Ranger Carol A. Goularte; Sitka Zone Archaeologist James “Jay” Kinsman; Ecologist Karen Dillman; Admiralty Monument Ranger Chad Van Ormer; Tongass National Forest Heritage Program Manager, Mark McCallum and Theresa Thibault; Admiralty National Monument, Juneau and Yakutat Ranger Districts Archaeologist Myra Gilliam; and Petersburg District Archeologist Jane Smith. This group of people provided important information about other cairn sites, gave us good advice as to how to proceed with this project, provided short-term housing upon occasion, and found space for us to store field equipment. Sitka Tribe of Alaska – Past and present members of the STA Tribal Council: Michael Baines,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • View of Theoretical Approaches 51
    University of Alberta Caribou Hunting at Ice Patches: Seasonal Mobility and Long-term Land-Use in the Southwest Yukon By Vandy E. Bowyer A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology © Vandy E. Bowyer Spring 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. In memory of Tagish ABSTRACT Recently documented ice patch sites in the southwest Yukon are ideal for evaluating precontact hunter-gatherer land-use patterns in the western subarctic. Located in the alpine of the mountainous regions of the boreal forest, ice patches are associated with well preserved hunting equipment, caribou (Rangifer tarandus) dung and an abundance of faunal remains dating to over 8000 years ago. However, current models are inadequate for explaining caribou hunting at ice patches as they tend to emphasize large-scale communal hunts associated with latitudinal movements of caribou. Much less is known about the alititudinal movment of caribou and the associated hunting forays to ice patches in the alpine.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter Newsletter — 2021
    Khaye Winter Newsletter — 2021 INTRODUCTION Message from the President . 1 Message from the Vice President . 3 Save the Dates . 4 COVID-19 Updates . 5 Memorandum of Understanding . 9 Tahltan Stewardship Initiative . 11 New Tahltans . 15 Condolences . 16 NEW STAFF Adam Amir – Director of Multimedia . 17 Ombrielle Neria – Communications Specialist . 18 TAHLTAN ONTRACK Tahltan OnTrack . 19 TahltanWorks becomes Tahltan OnTrack . 21 FEATURE Tahltan Nation & Silvertip Mine Impact-Benefit Agreement . .. 23 DIRECTORS’ REPORTS Lands – Nalaine Morin . 26 Wildlife – Lance Nagwan . 27 Fisheries – Cheri Frocklage . .. 29 Language – Pamela Labonte . 31 Culture & Heritage – Sandra Marion . 33 Education & Training – Cassandra Puckett . 35 Employment & Contracting – Ann Ball . 37 Membership & Genealogy – Shannon Frank . .. 38 Dease Lake Community – Freda Campbell . 39 PERSONAL PROFILES Elder – Allen Edzerza . 41 Culture – Stan Bevan . 42 Healthy Active Tahltans – Lane Harris & Brandi MacAulay . 43 Inspiring Young Tahltans – Megan Rousseau & Nathan Nole . 45 UPDATES TNDC Update . 47 Treaty 8 Update . 49 Contents 1910 Declaration of the Tahltan Tribe WE THE UNDERSIGNED MEMBERS OF THE TAHLTAN TRIBE, speaking for ourselves, and our entire tribe, hereby make known to all whom it may concern, that we have heard of the Indian Rights movement among the Indian tribes of the Coast, and of the southern interior of B.C. Also, we have read the Declaration made by the chiefs of the southern interior tribes at Spences Bridge on the 16th July last, and we hereby declare our complete agreement with the demands of same, and with the position taken by the said chiefs, and their people on all the questions stated in the said Declaration, and we furthermore make known that it is our desire and intention to join with them in the fight for our mutual rights, and that we will assist in the furtherance of this object in every way we can, until such time as all these matters of moment to us are finally settled.
    [Show full text]
  • Brown Bear (Ursus Arctos) John Schoen and Scott Gende Images by John Schoen
    Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) John Schoen and Scott Gende images by John Schoen Two hundred years ago, brown (also known as grizzly) bears were abundant and widely distributed across western North America from the Mississippi River to the Pacific and from northern Mexico to the Arctic (Trevino and Jonkel 1986). Following settlement of the west, brown bear populations south of Canada declined significantly and now occupy only a fraction of their original range, where the brown bear has been listed as threatened since 1975 (Servheen 1989, 1990). Today, Alaska remains the last stronghold in North America for this adaptable, large omnivore (Miller and Schoen 1999) (Fig 1). Brown bears are indigenous to Southeastern Alaska (Southeast), and on the northern islands they occur in some of the highest-density FIG 1. Brown bears occur throughout much of southern populations on earth (Schoen and Beier 1990, Miller et coastal Alaska where they are closely associated with salmon spawning streams. Although brown bears and grizzly bears al. 1997). are the same species, northern and interior populations are The brown bear in Southeast is highly valued by commonly called grizzlies while southern coastal populations big game hunters, bear viewers, and general wildlife are referred to as brown bears. Because of the availability of abundant, high-quality food (e.g. salmon), brown bears enthusiasts. Hiking up a fish stream on the northern are generally much larger, occur at high densities, and have islands of Admiralty, Baranof, or Chichagof during late smaller home ranges than grizzly bears. summer reveals a network of deeply rutted bear trails winding through tunnels of devil’s club (Oplopanx (Klein 1965, MacDonald and Cook 1999) (Fig 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Arti- 1999:216)
    REPORT CULTURAL MATERIALS RECOVERED FROM ICE PATCHES IN THE DENALI HIGHWAY REGION , CENTRAL ALASKA , 2003–2005 Richard VanderHoek Office of History and Archaeology, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, 550 W. Seventh Ave., Suite 1310, Anchorage, AK 99501-3565; [email protected] Randolph M. Tedor Office of History and Archaeology, Alaska Department of Natural Resources J. David McMahan Office of History and Archaeology, Alaska Department of Natural Resources ABSTRACT The Alaska Office of History and Archaeology conducted ice patch surveys in the Denali Highway re- gion of central Alaska for three seasons. Prehistoric organic and lithic hunting artifacts and fauna had melted from the ice patches and were subsequently recovered. These items include arrow shafts, barbed antler points, lithic projectile points, and what is likely a stick for setting ground squirrel snares. Or- ganic artifacts recovered from this survey date within the last thousand years. Lithic projectile points recovered from ice patches suggest that prehistoric hunters have been hunting caribou on ice patches in the Denali Highway region for at least the last half of the Holocene. keywords: atlatl, bow and arrow, gopher stick, mountain archaeology INTRODUCTION Ice patches with caribou (Rangifer tarandus) dung and cul- al. 2005; Hare et al. 2004a, Hare et al. 2004b). To date, tural material were first noted by the scientific commu- more than 240 artifacts have been recovered from melting nity in August of 1997, when a Canadian biologist noticed ice patches and glaciers in northwestern North America. a layer of caribou dung on a permanent ice patch while In 2003, the Alaska Office of History and Archaeology sheep hunting in the Kusawa Lake area of the southern (OHA) developed a research design for identifying and Yukon Territory (Kuzyk et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Kaleigh Spickerman for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on June 11, 2015 Title: Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Bruce McCune Functional traits of vascular plants have been an important component of ecological studies for a number of years; however, in more recent times vascular plant ecologists have begun to formalize a set of key traits and universal system of trait measurement. Many recent studies hypothesize global generality of trait patterns, which would allow for comparison among ecosystems and biomes and provide a foundation for general rules and theories, the so-called “Holy Grail” of ecology. However, the majority of these studies focus on functional trait patterns of vascular plants, with a minority examining the patterns of cryptograms such as lichens. Lichens are an important component of many ecosystems due to their contributions to biodiversity and their key ecosystem services, such as contributions to mineral and hydrological cycles and ecosystem food webs. Lichens are also of special interest because of their reliance on atmospheric deposition for nutrients and water, which makes them particularly sensitive to air pollution. Therefore, they are often used as bioindicators of air pollution, climate change, and general ecosystem health. This thesis examines the functional trait patterns of lichens in two contrasting regions with fundamentally different kinds of data. To better understand the patterns of lichen functional traits, we examined reproductive, morphological, and chemical trait variation along precipitation and temperature gradients in Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • One Hundred New Species of Lichenized Fungi: a Signature of Undiscovered Global Diversity
    Phytotaxa 18: 1–127 (2011) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Monograph PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) PHYTOTAXA 18 One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity H. THORSTEN LUMBSCH1*, TEUVO AHTI2, SUSANNE ALTERMANN3, GUILLERMO AMO DE PAZ4, ANDRÉ APTROOT5, ULF ARUP6, ALEJANDRINA BÁRCENAS PEÑA7, PAULINA A. BAWINGAN8, MICHEL N. BENATTI9, LUISA BETANCOURT10, CURTIS R. BJÖRK11, KANSRI BOONPRAGOB12, MAARTEN BRAND13, FRANK BUNGARTZ14, MARCELA E. S. CÁCERES15, MEHTMET CANDAN16, JOSÉ LUIS CHAVES17, PHILIPPE CLERC18, RALPH COMMON19, BRIAN J. COPPINS20, ANA CRESPO4, MANUELA DAL-FORNO21, PRADEEP K. DIVAKAR4, MELIZAR V. DUYA22, JOHN A. ELIX23, ARVE ELVEBAKK24, JOHNATHON D. FANKHAUSER25, EDIT FARKAS26, LIDIA ITATÍ FERRARO27, EBERHARD FISCHER28, DAVID J. GALLOWAY29, ESTER GAYA30, MIREIA GIRALT31, TREVOR GOWARD32, MARTIN GRUBE33, JOSEF HAFELLNER33, JESÚS E. HERNÁNDEZ M.34, MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES HERRERA CAMPOS7, KLAUS KALB35, INGVAR KÄRNEFELT6, GINTARAS KANTVILAS36, DOROTHEE KILLMANN28, PAUL KIRIKA37, KERRY KNUDSEN38, HARALD KOMPOSCH39, SERGEY KONDRATYUK40, JAMES D. LAWREY21, ARMIN MANGOLD41, MARCELO P. MARCELLI9, BRUCE MCCUNE42, MARIA INES MESSUTI43, ANDREA MICHLIG27, RICARDO MIRANDA GONZÁLEZ7, BIBIANA MONCADA10, ALIFERETI NAIKATINI44, MATTHEW P. NELSEN1, 45, DAG O. ØVSTEDAL46, ZDENEK PALICE47, KHWANRUAN PAPONG48, SITTIPORN PARNMEN12, SERGIO PÉREZ-ORTEGA4, CHRISTIAN PRINTZEN49, VÍCTOR J. RICO4, EIMY RIVAS PLATA1, 50, JAVIER ROBAYO51, DANIA ROSABAL52, ULRIKE RUPRECHT53, NORIS SALAZAR ALLEN54, LEOPOLDO SANCHO4, LUCIANA SANTOS DE JESUS15, TAMIRES SANTOS VIEIRA15, MATTHIAS SCHULTZ55, MARK R. D. SEAWARD56, EMMANUËL SÉRUSIAUX57, IMKE SCHMITT58, HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN59, MOHAMMAD SOHRABI 2, 60, ULRIK SØCHTING61, MAJBRIT ZEUTHEN SØGAARD61, LAURENS B. SPARRIUS62, ADRIANO SPIELMANN63, TOBY SPRIBILLE33, JUTARAT SUTJARITTURAKAN64, ACHRA THAMMATHAWORN65, ARNE THELL6, GÖRAN THOR66, HOLGER THÜS67, EINAR TIMDAL68, CAMILLE TRUONG18, ROMAN TÜRK69, LOENGRIN UMAÑA TENORIO17, DALIP K.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens and Associated Fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
    The Lichenologist (2020), 52,61–181 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079 Standard Paper Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska Toby Spribille1,2,3 , Alan M. Fryday4 , Sergio Pérez-Ortega5 , Måns Svensson6, Tor Tønsberg7, Stefan Ekman6 , Håkon Holien8,9, Philipp Resl10 , Kevin Schneider11, Edith Stabentheiner2, Holger Thüs12,13 , Jan Vondrák14,15 and Lewis Sharman16 1Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; 3Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA; 4Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 5Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Departamento de Micología, Calle Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014 Madrid, Spain; 6Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; 7Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; 8Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Box 2501, NO-7729 Steinkjer, Norway; 9NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; 10Faculty of Biology, Department I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; 11Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; 12Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; 13Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; 14Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; 15Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic and 16Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy of the Project Area
    I BRITISH &! COLUMBLA Ministry of Employment and Investment ENERGY AND MINERALS DIVISION Hon. Dan Miller. Minister Geological Survey Branch THE STIKINE PROJECT GEOLOGY OF WESTERN TELEGRAPH CREEK MAP AREA, NORTHWESTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA (NTS 104G/5,6, llW, 12 AND 13) By Derek A. Brown1 , Michael H. Gunning2 and Charles J. Greig3 Appendix 3 - Conodont identifications by "I. Orchard, Geological Survey of Canada 1. Geological Surve Branch, British Colunlhia Ministry of Employment andYlnvestment 2. Department of Geology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario 3. C.G. Greig and Associates Ltd., Penticton, B.C. BULLETIN 95 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Brawn. Derek Anlhony. 1959- The Stikine project : geology of western Telegraph Creek map area. nonhwenlem British Columbia (NTS.lMG15. 6, IIW. 12and 13) Issued by Geological Survey Branch. Includes bibliographical references: p ISBN 0-7726-2502-6 1, Geology -British Columbia -Telegraph Creek Region 2. Geochemistry - British Columbia - Telegraph Creek VICTORIA Region. 3. Geology. Economic - British Columbia - BRITISH COLUMBIA Telegraph Creek Region. 4. Mines and mineral resources - CANADA British Columbia - Telegraph Creek Region. 1. Gunning. Michael H. 11. Greig.Charles James, 1956- . 111. British Columbia. Ministry of Employment and Investmenl. IV. MAY 1996 BritishColumbia. Geological Survey Branch. V. Title. VI. Title: Geology of western Telegraph Creek maparea, nanhwertern British Columbia (NTS 1WG15.6. 1 IW. 12 and 13). V11. Series: Bulletin (British Columbia. Ministry of Employment and Investment) ;95. QE187.B76 1996 557.11’185 (395-960208-9 Frontispiece. View north along the Scud Glacier. Ambition Mountainis underlain by Permian limestone and metavolcanic rocks. Ministry of Emp/oyment and Inveshent TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Chemistry .....................
    [Show full text]
  • Golden Circle Scenic 7 Days from Whitehorse
    Golden Circle Scenic 7 days from Whitehorse Itinerary at a glance: Day 0: Arrival in Whitehorse Day 1: The Yukon - Miles Canyon, Emerald Lake, World's Smallest Desert, Carcross, Bennett Lake, Yukon Suspension Bridge, and International Falls Day 2: Skagway - White Pass Railroad and Taiya River Scenic float Day 3: Juneau - Whale Watching, Mendenhall Glacier, and Salmon Hatchery Day 4: Haines - Kroeschel Wildlife Refuge, Klukwan Native Village, and Float through Bald Eagle Preserve Day 5: Haines - Canoe on Chilkoot Lake, Raptor Center, and Distillery Tasting Day 6: The Yukon - Chilkat Mountains, Kathleen Lake, Million Dollar Falls, Tatshenshini River, Kluane National Park Visitor Center, Yukon River, and Whitehorse Day 7: Departure from Whitehorse Day 0: Arrival Day Upon your arrival into Whitehorse, your guide will be waiting to transfer you to your hotel. After you are settled, you will meet with your guide and travelling companions to discuss the itinerary. Time will be confirmed. On this arrival day, you will have free time to enjoy the Capitol of the Yukon. Your guide will let you know at what time to meet the next day to start your adventure through Alaska and the Yukon. Meals on your own. Day 1: The Yukon - Exploring Yukon, British Columbia, and Alaska en route to Skagway After breakfast, we will stroll along the Yukon River Boardwalk and through downtown Whitehorse. Along the way, we will learn about the Athabaskan culture and this supply post's important role during the Gold Rush. Grab a latte or a smoothie and watch the might waters of the Yukon River rush past.
    [Show full text]
  • 1967, Al and Frances Randall and Ramona Hammerly
    The Mountaineer I L � I The Mountaineer 1968 Cover photo: Mt. Baker from Table Mt. Bob and Ira Spring Entered as second-class matter, April 8, 1922, at Post Office, Seattle, Wash., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly and semi-monthly during March and April by The Mountaineers, P.O. Box 122, Seattle, Washington, 98111. Clubroom is at 719Y2 Pike Street, Seattle. Subscription price monthly Bulletin and Annual, $5.00 per year. The Mountaineers To explore and study the mountains, forests, and watercourses of the Northwest; To gather into permanent form the history and traditions of this region; To preserve by the encouragement of protective legislation or otherwise the natural beauty of North­ west America; To make expeditions into these regions m fulfill­ ment of the above purposes; To encourage a spirit of good fellowship among all lovers of outdoor life. EDITORIAL STAFF Betty Manning, Editor, Geraldine Chybinski, Margaret Fickeisen, Kay Oelhizer, Alice Thorn Material and photographs should be submitted to The Mountaineers, P.O. Box 122, Seattle, Washington 98111, before November 1, 1968, for consideration. Photographs must be 5x7 glossy prints, bearing caption and photographer's name on back. The Mountaineer Climbing Code A climbing party of three is the minimum, unless adequate support is available who have knowledge that the climb is in progress. On crevassed glaciers, two rope teams are recommended. Carry at all times the clothing, food and equipment necessary. Rope up on all exposed places and for all glacier travel. Keep the party together, and obey the leader or majority rule. Never climb beyond your ability and knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Art Los Angeles I December 11, 2018
    Native American Art Los Angeles I December 11, 2018 Native American Art Los Angeles | Tuesday December 11, 2018 at 11am BONHAMS BIDS INQUIRIES REGISTRATION 7601 W. Sunset Boulevard +1 323 850 7500 Ingmars Lindbergs, Director IMPORTANT NOTICE Los Angeles, CA 90046 +1 323 850 6090 (fax) [email protected] Please note that all customers, bonhams.com [email protected] +1 (415) 503 3393 irrespective of any previous activity with Bonhams, are required to PREVIEW To bid via the internet please visit Kim Jarand, Specialist complete the Bidder Registration Friday December 7, www.bonhams.com/24850 [email protected] Form in advance of the sale. The 12pm to 5pm +1 (323) 436 5430 form can be found at the back Saturday December 8, Please note that telephone bids of every catalogue and on our 12pm to 5pm must be submitted no later than ILLUSTRATIONS website at www.bonhams.com Sunday December 9, 4pm on the day prior to the Front cover: Lot 394 and should be returned by email or 12pm to 5pm auction. New bidders must also Session page: Lot 362 post to the specialist department Monday December 10, provide proof of identity and or to the bids department at 9am to 11am address when submitting bids. [email protected] Tuesday December 11, Please contact client services 9am to 11am with any bidding inquiries. To bid live online and / or leave internet bids please go to www.bonhams.com/auctions/24850 SALE NUMBER: 24850 LIVE ONLINE BIDDING IS AVAILABLE FOR THIS SALE and click on the Register to bid link Lots 300 - 606 Please email: at the top left of the page.
    [Show full text]
  • An#Integrated#Assessment#Of#The#Cumulative#Impacts#Of#Climate# Change'and'industrial'development'on'salmon'in'western'bc!! Stiki
    An#integrated#assessment#of#the#cumulative#impacts#of#climate# change'and'industrial'development'on'salmon'in'Western'BC!! Stikine and Upper Nass Current Social-Ecological Conditions Summary Prepared by: Christina Melymick, Consultant April 2013 The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions of the Bulkley Valley Research Centre or the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. [email protected] • Box 4274 Smithers, BC V0J 2N0 Canada An#integrated#assessment#of#the#cumulative#impacts#of#climate#change#and#industrial#development#on#salmon#in#Western#BC#! Acknowledgements Thank you to the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for supporting this project. Thank you to Jim Pojar for his expansive knowledge and expertise, and for adding to the stack of resources used during research. Thank you to Dave Bustard for taking time from a busy schedule to lend his extensive local knowledge and expertise. Thank you to John Kelson for his eulachon knowledge. Thank you to Richard Overstall for his knowledge and support. Thank you to Rick Budhwa for his support and contribution to the cultural aspects of this report. Thank you to Johanna Pfalz for her support and for providing all the relevant maps. Thank you to Ken Rabnett for support, his breadth of knowledge on the study area. Thank you to Don Morgan for the opportunity to carry out the research and produce this report, and for constant patience, guidance and support through the course of completing this report. Credits Don
    [Show full text]