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No. 20: Further Notes on Species from the Eastern North America

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No. 20: Further Notes on Species from the Eastern North America Opuscula Philolichenum, 15: 105-131. 2016. *pdf effectively published online 15November2016 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) Studies in Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi – No. 20: Further notes on species from the eastern North America JAMES C. LENDEMER1 AND RICHARD C. HARRIS2 ABSTRACT. – Arthothelium lichenale is placed in synonymy with Mycoporum compositum. The morphological distinctions between Collema pustulatum and Leptogium apalachense are discussed and the North American distributions of the species are revised. The distribution of Lecidea roseotincta in North America is extended to include the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. The distribution of Lecidella subviridis is expanded in northeastern North America. Pyrenula reebiae is placed in synonymy with P. leucostoma and both species are illustrated and discussed. Pyrenula shirabeicola is removed from synonymy with P. pseudobufonia and both species are illustrated and discussed. The following taxa are newly reported from North America: Calvitimela cuprea (Canada, Newfoundland & Labrador), Hypotrachyna consimilis (U.S.A., North Carolina), Schismatomma graphidioides (U.S.A., Alabama and New Jersey). KEYWORDS. – Biogeography, Collemataceae, North American Checklist, Lecanoraceae, Lecideaceae, Parmeliaceae, Pyrenulaceae, sterile crust. INTRODUCTION As a result of fieldwork carried out throughout eastern North America, particularly in the southern Appalachian Mountains, we have studied new collections that prompted us to reexamine our understanding of recognized species, their distributions, and ecologies. Routine curation of the herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden led to similar studies, as has the identification of specimens that were newly donated to the herbarium. While such studies typically result in discrete taxonomic or floristic publications, there are often also brief notes that merit publication but are not easily accommodated in a standalone contribution. Here we present a series of notes that fall into the latter category. We hope that these notes will be of use for those working in eastern North America, as well as towards maintaining the Checklist of North American Lichens (Esslinger 2015). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fieldwork and herbarium vouchers This study is based largely upon the fieldwork conducted by the authors, together with their colleagues at The New York Botanical Garden (NY), where the majority of specimens examined for this study have been deposited. These data and observations were complemented by reference material already available at NY, and supplemented by loans from DUKE, NYS and TNS. Study of material from H-ACH was also carried out. Morphological and chemical study The morphology of specimens was examined following the techniques of microscopy outlined by Lendemer (2011b). Chemistry was studied with standard spot test reagents (K, C, P and UV) following 1JAMES C. LENDEMER – Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. – e-mail: [email protected] 2RICHARD C. HARRIS – Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. – e-mail: [email protected] 105 Brodo et al. (2001) and with Thin Layer Chromatography using Solvents A or C and the Peanut Butter Jar method outlined by Lendemer (2011a). DNA extraction, amplification, and sequence generation Molecular data (one mtSSU and one nrITS sequence) were generated from a voucher of Lecidea roseotincta. Subsamples used for DNA extraction were those used in TLC analyses above such that the chemistry and identification of the vouchers had been confirmed. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequence assembly followed the methods of Hodkinson and Lendemer (2012). Distance metrics between the newly generated sequences and those already deposited in GenBank were calculated in PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 1998) NOTE I – ARTHOTHELIUM LICHENALE IS CONSPECIFIC WITH MYCOPORUM COMPOSITUM Mycoporum compositum (A. Massal.) R.C. Harris in Egan, Bryologist 90(2): 164. 1987. ≡ Bottaria composita A. Massal., Miscell. Lichenol. p. 43. 1856. ≡ Pyrenastrum compositum Hampe nom. nud. in syn. Miscell. Lichenol. p. 43. 1856. TYPE: Ad cort. Chinae [Cinchonae] (VER!, holotype). = Arthothelium lichenale (Peck) M.E. Barr [as 'lichenalis'], in Barr, Rogerson, Smith & Haines, Bull. N.Y. St. Mus. 459: 28. 1986. ≡ Sphaeria lichenalis Peck, Bot. Gaz. 5:36. 1880. ≡ Pleospora lichenalis (Peck) Sacc., Syll. Fung 2: 258. 1883. TYPE: U.S.A. VERMONT: sine loc., sine date, on bark of Betula, C.G. Pringle 381 (NYS-f1703!, lectotype, designated here). Discussion. – While reviewing some fungal literature we recently came across Arthothelium lichenale, a name not presently included on the North American checklist (Esslinger 2015). We borrowed the type material from NYS and found that it was moribund but nonetheless readily identifiable as Mycoporum compositum based on the presence of multilocular perithecioid ascomata and muriform ascospores (Figure 1). Interestingly Peck (1880) not only noted the perithecial nature of the ascomata but also that they were multilocular: “sometimes two or three [perithecia] are seriately crowded or confluent”. Barr et al. (1986) reported ascospores 29.5–33 × 10–12 µm in size, and these were likely somewhat immature. The few ascospores that we measured, although moribund, were larger (35.0–41.0 × 12.0–14.5 µm) than those reported by Barr et al. (1986) and well within the accepted range for M. compositum (30–38 (–43) × 12–17(–18) µm fide Harris (1995)). The name is placed in synonymy with M. compositum here. Selected additional specimens of Mycoporum compositum examined. – CANADA. NOVA SCOTIA. QUEENS CO.: Kejimkujik National Park, along E shore of Kejimkujik Lake near inlet from Grafton Lake, 9.v.1999, on Acer, R.C. Harris 43109 (NY). U.S.A. FLORIDA. FRANKLIN CO.: Apalachicola National Forest, FL65 4.8 mi N of Sumatra, 3.v.1990, on bark, R.C. Harris 25019 (NY). GILCHRIST CO.: Waccasassa Flats, along CR232 ~3 mi E of US129, 5.xii.1993, on Ilex, R.C. Harris 31705 (NY). OKALOOSA CO.: 1.2 mi W of FL85 on Antioch Rd./CR4, 5.v.1990, on bark, W.R. Buck 17912 (NY). MAINE. KENNEBEC CO.: Mud Pond, ~3 mi SW of Litchfield, 19.ix.1987, on Acer, R.C. Harris 20894 (NY). MASSACHUSETTS. WORCESTER CO.: Spencer, 1884, on bark, G.E. Stone s.n. (NY). NEW YORK. WASHINGTON CO.: Shushan, 12.v.1906, on bark, F. Dobbin s.n. (NY). NORTH CAROLINA. GRAHAM CO.: Nantahala National Forest, Cherohala Skyway/NC 143, Mudd Gap, 1.x.1997, on Fagus, R.C. Harris 41046 (NY). HAYWOOD CO.: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cataloochee Divide Trail 0–0.25 mi SE of Polls Gap, 7.viii.2012, on Acer, J.C. Lendemer 32899 & E.A. Tripp (NY). MONTGOMERY CO.: Black Ankle Bog Preserve, 19.iv.2008, on Quercus sapling, G.B. Perlmutter et al. 1443 (NY). TENNESSEE. DICKSON CO.: US70 2 mi W of White Bluff, 12.vi.1960, on bark, G.T. Johnson s.n. (NY). SEVIER CO.: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, summit area of Mt. LeConte, 9.x.2011, on old Betula, J.C. Lendemer et al. 30413 (NY). WEST VIRGINIA. POCAHONTAS CO.: Watoga State Park, Brooks Memorial Arboretum, 1.x.2000, on Acer, R.C. Harris 44010 (NY). 106 Figure 1. Morphology of the lectotype of Arthothelium lichenum. A, gross morphology of the thallus and ascomata. B, detail of compound (i.e., multilocular) ascomata. C, transverse section of multilocular ascoma illustrating multiple chambers. D, moribund ascospore that has begun to collapse. Scales = 2.0 mm in A, 0.4 mm in B, 100 µm in C, 20 µm in D. NOTE II - CALVITIMELA CUPREA NEW TO NORTH AMERICA Calvitimela cuprea Haugan & Timdal in Bendiksby, Haugan, Spribille & Timdal, Mycologia 107: 1180. 2015. TYPE: NORWAY. HEDMARK: Tynset, Fådalsgruva, former mine in Mount Gruvkletten, 17.vi.2012, on rock, M. Bendiksby et al. ET12642 (O[n.v.], holotype). Discussion. – While inventorying the lichens of the northern tip of the Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland in 2007, the first author encountered an unusual saxicolous crustose lichen with distinctive white areoles and dark blue-black soredia that were formed in irregularly shaped soralia (Figures 2A–D). The species grew on ultramafic rocks and produced atranorin and substances of the stictic acid aggregate together with accessory norstictic acid. Initial attempts to identify the specimen were unsuccessful, and as such it was filed away in the undetermined sterile crustose lichens at NY. Subsequently when indexing the recent contribution on Calvitimela by Bendiksby et al. (2015) the first author made the connection between C. cuprea, which was newly described therein, and the specimen collected in Newfoundland. Further study confirmed that the material was conspecific with C. cuprea and thus represents the first report from North America. Previously C. cuprea was known only from Norway and Sweden (Figure 2E), mostly from the sites of former copper or nickel mines where metal-rich rocks would have occurred. The discovery of this species in coastal northern Newfoundland, also on metal-rich ultramafic rocks, is not surprising given the biogeographic affinities of the lichen biota of that region (Ahti 1983). 107 Figure 2. Morphology (all from Lendemer 10688) and geographic distribution of Calvitimela cuprea. A, gross morphology of the thallus. B, detail of thallus margins. C and D, detail of irregularly shaped areoles and soralia with blue-black soredia. E, geographic distribution based on specimen examined for this study and records from the protologue. Scales = 2.0 mm in A, 1.0 mm in B, 0.5 mm in C and D. 108 Specimen examined. – CANADA. NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR: Island of Newfoundland, Northern Peninsula, hills above town of Quirpon, 18.viii.2007, on rock, J.C. Lendemer 10688 & A. Moroz (MSC, NY). NOTE III - HYPOTRACHYNA CONSIMILIS NEW TO NORTH AMERICA Hypotrachyna consimilis (Vain.) Hale, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 23: 28. 1975. ≡ Parmelia consimilis Vain., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 7: 58. 1890. ≡ Remototrachyna consimilis (Vain.) Flakus, Kukwa & Sipman, in Flakus, Rodríguez Saavedra & Kukwa, Mycotaxon 119: 161. 2012. TYPE: BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS: Caraça, 3-5.iii.1885, E.
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