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Permanence Et Migration A ANTIQUITAS • BYZANTIUM • RENASCENTIA XXXIV. BYZANCE ET L’OCCIDENT IV. Permanence et ANT I U migration YZ M B R E S N A A T S I C U E N Q I T T I A N Permanence et migration A MMXIII V. I CCIDENT ’O L ET YZANCE B COLLÈGE EÖTVÖS JÓZSEF ELTE Byzance et l'Occident_IV_borito_nagy.indd 1 2018.04.03. 4:07:16 Byzance et l’Occident IV. Permanence et migration Antiquitas • Byzantium • Renascentia XXXIV Sous la direction de Zoltán Farkas László Horváth Tamás Mészáros Byzance et l’Occident IV. Permanence et migration Sous la direction de Emese Egedi-Kovács Collège Eötvös József ELTE Budapest, 2018 Sous la direction de Emese Egedi-Kovács Relecture par Coline Ferrarato Avec la participation de Csenge Érsek, Daniella Juhász, Dominika Kovács Responsable de l’édition : Dr. László Horváth, Directeur du Collège Eötvös József ELTE Conception graphique : Emese Egedi-Kovács © Les auteurs, 2018 © Emese Egedi-Kovács (éd.), 2018 © Collège Eötvös József ELTE, 2018 Édition réalisée grâce au projet NKFIH NN 124539 et la Bourse János Bolyai (« Bolyai János Kutatási Ösztöndíj ») de l’Académie des Sciences de Hongrie. Tous droits de traduction et de reproduction réservés. ISSN 2064-2369 ISBN 978-615-5371-92-9 Imprimé en Hongrie par Pátria Nyomda Zrt. Directeur : Katalin Orgován 1117 Budapest, Hunyadi János út 7. Table des Matières Préface ..........................................................................................................................9 Permanence Continuité, échange, réception Georgia Xanthaki-Karamanou Th e Reception of Th ucydides in Kritovoulos: Pericles and Konstantinos Palaiologos as Models of Leadership ............. 15 Renzo Tosi Osservazioni sull’esegesi dei classici greci, dall’antichità a Bisanzio al Rinascimento ..............................................................................29 Dimitrios Letsios Emperor Heraclius and Prophet Mohamed Political relations and propaganda during the early Islamic conquests ..................................39 Gian Luca Borghese Λατῖνοι καὶ Ἰταλοί: l’evoluzione della percezione degli Occidentali a Bisanzio e le sue conseguenze linguistiche dall’VIII al XIV secolo ......53 Sándor Kiss Linguistique du texte et genre littéraire : chronique latine et chanson de geste .................................................................................................................63 Paul-Victor Desarbres Chalkokondylès, de Byzance à la France de 1577 : enjeux de l’adaptation de Blaise de Vigenère (livres I et VIII) ...............................77 Mariann Slíz Th e infl uence of dynastic personal name stocks on name giving in 11–14th-century Hungary................................................................................105 Andrea Ghidoni Traits archaïques des littératures médiévales : remarques sur la poétique byzantine dans l’œuvre de Sergei S. Averintsev ....................115 Migration Circulation de gens, de lettres, de motifs, de textes, de livres Benoît Grévin La correspondance en latin entre Byzance et l’Occident au xiiie siècle. Vieilles questions et nouvelles pistes ............................................................133 Filippo Ronconi Saints et migrants. Le recueil hagiographique du Vat. gr. 1589 Proche-Orient, Afrique et Italie ................................................................................................163 Romina Luzi Le voyage du poisson et de l’oiseau dans la Méditerranée .......................199 Géza Szász Naissance d’une mode : la route de Hongrie dans les Voyages à Constantinople ...............................................................211 Imre Gábor Majorossy „Regarde l’escriptura / del fi n començement“. Merkmale der wahren Lehre in zwei geistlichen Texten des Hochmittelalters .......................................................................................219 Linda Németh L’homme et l’animal en métamorphose dans les récits de rêve littéraires au Moyen Âge – typologie, formes et senefi ance .................... 243 Janka Júlia Horváth Un fragment anglo-normand du roman Floire et Blanchefl or dans le Cod. Pal. lat. 1971 et recherches sur la composition du manuscrit ....261 Permanence et migration Préface D’après le titre du présent volume, le lecteur aurait tort de penser qu’il tient en main un ouvrage visant des thèmes socio-culturels, géo-historiques voire historico-politiques. Certes ces notions pourraient-elles se lire aussi bien à ces niveaux : on peut notamment penser aux mouvements migratoires qui eut lieu au cours du Moyen Âge de l’Est vers l’Ouest (ceux par exemple des moi- nes et des ecclésiastiques grécophones qui se déplaçaient à partir du viie siècle de l’Est vers l’Italie méridionale et centrale) ou ceux suivant une direction opposée, de l’Europe occidentale vers l’Orient (pour ne citer que les mouve- ments des croisades). Du point de vue socio-culturel et historico-politique, on pourrait également songer à la confrontation de diff érentes cultures et re- ligions (non seulement entre l’Europe et le monde arabe mais aussi entre la culture « païenne » et la chrétienté), à des enjeux politiques et religieux visant à s’assurer la primauté et la continuité, qui se mirent en place après la division de l’Empire romain entre la partie occidentale et orientale (la rivalité entre Rome d’Italie et « Νέα Ρώμη » [Constantinople], catholiques et orthodoxes), ainsi qu’à l’opposition entre anciens et modernes, tradition et progrès, lan- gues classiques et langues vernaculaires. Néanmoins, dans notre recueil nous nous proposons d’insister sur d’autres aspects de ces termes. Permanence se lit dans notre contexte comme la continuité, l’échange et la réception. Continui- té des genres littéraires : il semblerait qu’aucun des genres antiques ne se perde mais seulement se transforme : la rhétorique classique survit sous des formes nouvelles, notamment sous l’ars praedicandi (au lieu de discours rhétoriques on prononce des prédications, des apologies), l’épopée (et en quelque sorte l’historiographie elle-même) se transforme en chanson de geste (notons que le genre apparaît pour la première fois non seulement en France avec la Chanson de Roland, mais aussi, semble-t-il, à la même époque à Byzance avec Digénis Akritas), les mystères (registre religieux) et les farces (registre profane) rem- placent le théâtre classique. Et quant à la littérature hagiographique, les vies de saint, ne peut-elle pas être considérée comme l’héritière du roman hellénis- tique ? De ce point de vue, c’est sans doute Byzance qui assure la continuité : 10 Préface de Emese Egedi-Kovács alors qu’en Europe chrétienne on refuse tout ce qui est « païen » et graeca non leguntur, à Byzance la culture antique se maintient y compris dans l’ensei- gnement (les textes des auteurs grecs ne cessent d’être lus et copiés). Byzance forme donc un pont entre l’Antiquité et le Moyen Âge, le monde « païen » et chrétien, entre les deux aires linguistiques (grec et latin), ainsi qu’entre l’Orient et l’Occident (plusieurs récits et motifs orientaux parviennent en Europe par l’intermédiaire des byzantins). Cependant, par permanence nous entendons également l’échange : l’échange politique et culturel de diff érents peuples, ce qui facilite également la transmission de l’héritage ancien. Au niveau littérai- re, cela se manifeste dans l’activité de traduire, d’adapter, de copier et de com- piler des œuvres et des manuscrits, ainsi que dans la réception des idées et des œuvres d’auteurs anciens. Quant à la notion de la migration, elle signifi e dans notre contexte avant tout la circulation : circulation des gens (ce qui donne lieu dans notre volume à des observations non seulement sur des mouvements migratoires mais aussi sur le chemin de la France jusqu’à Constantinople qui menait justement à travers la Hongrie), celle de lettres (notamment la corres- pondance en latin entre Byzance et l’Occident au xiiie siècle), celle de motifs (plusieurs articles du présent volume se proposent d’examiner le chemine- ment de thèmes et de motifs littéraires entre les diff érentes aires culturelles et linguistiques), celle de textes (il s’agit des interrogations sur la composition de tel ou tel manuscrit étant le fruit d’une activité de compilation), celle de livres (la circulation de manuscrits entre l’Orient et l’Occident, ceux-ci véhiculant par leurs textes et enluminures des motifs littéraires et iconographiques par- tout en Europe). Nous espérons que grâce aux articles que notre recueil contient, riches en nouveautés et pleins de sujets passionnants, le lecteur pourra découvrir non seulement de nouveaux aspects des rapports entre Byzance et l’Europe occidentale mais aussi la richesse culturelle et littéraire de l’Europe médiévale, issue justement de la persistance, des échanges et des changements. Emese Egedi-Kovács Permanence Continuité, échange, réception Th e Reception of Th ucydides in Kritovoulos: Pericles and Konstantinos Palaiologos as Models of Leadership Georgia Xanthaki-Karamanou University of the Peloponnese According to L. Hardwick’s recognized and widely accepted defi nition1 “By classical receptions we mean the ways in which Greek and Roman mate- rial has been transmitted, translated, excerpted, interpreted, rewritten, reim- aged and represented”. Th e classical tradition, namely the transmission and dissemination of classical culture led to the re-appropriation and the rework- ing of ancient texts by the later and new generations of writers.2 Regarding Byzantine literature and thought this definition of reception of the ancient Greek cultural heritage is confirmed and
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