Travel to the Peloponnesian Peninsula
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ùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùù K. S. Sorochan Byzantine Spices as a Daily Byzantine Cuisine Part picery, preservatives and seasonings were widely used in the daily cuisine of Byzantine Empire, succeeded the traditions of ancient Greece and Rome. They were in the list of the main components of the diet of a Middle Byzantium. But due to change of territorial boundaries, contact with new peoples and development of intercon- tinental trade service the assortment of Roman τὰ ἀρώματα (τὸ ἄρωμα — aromatic herb, spice), and the forms of their use have been rather changed. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the range of this goods, direction and terminal points of its import-export trade movements, to find out the issue on professional specialization of trade in spicery, which were ap- preciated and really valuable. At that the spices popularity had not been decreased as they were in the same demand as the preservatives for their special ability to inhibit bacteria (bactericidal action), mainly putrefaction bacteria, and so to promote continued preservation of food. Byzantine historiography of the issue is rather narrow. Usually the researches study spe- cies in the context of Byzantine Empire’s cuisine or perfumery (Ph. Koukoules, M. Grünbart, J. Koder, A. Dalby and especially I. Anagnostakis), or less — Roman trade (J. Irmscher, A. Laiou, N. Oikonomides, С. Morrisson). The works of M. Montanari relate more to me- dieval Italy and Western Europe culinary tradition, but also contain some references to Byz- antium in context of trade relationship [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. There are studies of this kind applied to the history of ancient Greece and Rome such as works of J. -
Byzantine Gastronomy
Byzantine Gastronomy Byzantine cuisine synthesized dishes from ancient Greece and the Roman Empire with new ingredients and many innovations. The Empress Theodora ( ca. A.D. 500 – 548) invited cooks from different parts of mainland Greece and the islands to cook for her. As the capital of a powerful and rich empire, Constantinople, a bustling city of as many as 1,000,000 inhabitants at its height during the Macedonian dynasty of the late 9th-early 11th centuries, was the center of the domestic and foreign trade of Byzantium. Grain, wine, salt, meat, cheese, vegetables and fruits flowed from the provinces into its markets. The capital was also the centre of luxury trade: exotic spices and lavish foods (such as black caviar) were popular imports for the wealthy land owners, the officials of the State and Church and the rich members of the new middle class, the “mesoi”, who could afford them. Beans were a common source of protein for the peasants, the poor and the monks during fasting. The variety of vegetables, fruits and condiments-black pepper, honey, olive oil, vinegar, salt, mushrooms, celery, leeks, lettuce, chicory, spinach, turnips, eggplant, cabbage, white beets, almonds, pomegranates, nuts, apples, lentils, raisins etc. which were listed as food of the poor by Ptohoprodromos (Poems-1150), mirrors both the interest in good eating and the availability of healthy ingredients regardless of economic class. Tomato and potato were not part of the Byzantine diet, as they were introduced to the area many years later. Bread played a very important role in the Byzantine diet, so much so that the guild of bakers of Constantinople and their animals were never used by the state in order that bread baking could not be interrupted (Book of the Eparch, 911-912). -
In Ancient and Early Byzantine Medicine and Cuisine
MEDICINA NEI SECOLI ARTE E SCIENZA, 30/2 (2018) 579-616 Journal of History of Medicine Articoli/Articles MALABATHRON (ΜΑΛΑΒΑΘΡΟΝ) IN ANCIENT AND EARLY BYZANTINE MEDICINE AND CUISINE MACIEJ KOKOSZKO ZOFIA RZEŹNICKA Department of Byzantine History, University of Łódź, Łódź, PL The Waldemar Ceran Research Centre for the History and Culture of the Mediterranean Area and South-East Europe Ceraneum, University of Łódź, Łódź, PL SUMMARY This study of the history and applications of μαλάβαθρον (malábathron), known as tejpat, suggests that the spice had an appreciable effect on Mediterranean medicine and cuisine. A significant increase in the interest in the plant occurred in the 1st c. BC, though extant information on the dietetic-pharmacological uses of tejpat dates only to the 1st c. AD, and appears in Dioscorides’ De materia medica. Malábathron never became a common medicament, nor a cheap culinary ingredient. Nevertheless, it was regularly used in medical practice, but only in remedies prescribed to the upper social classes. In Roman cuisine it was also an ingredient of sophisticated dishes. In De re coquinaria it features in twelve preparations. Sources Any research into the role of μαλάβαθρον (malábathron – tejpat in English) in antiquity and the early Middle Ages has to be based on a wide range of sources. Only sources of primary importance, how- Key words: History of medicine - History of food - Tejpat, spices 579 Maciej Kokoszko, Zofia Rzeźnicka ever, are listed and briefly here. Three texts of the 1st c. AD should definitely be mentioned for the study of the provenance and origins of tejpat’s presence in the Mediterranean: the anonymous Periplus Maris Erythraei1, Historia naturalis by Pliny the Elder2, and De ma- teria medica by Pedanius Dioscorides of Anazarbus3. -
Case Study #5: the Myrtoon Sea/ Peloponnese - Crete
Addressing MSP Implementation in Case Study Areas Case Study #5: The Myrtoon Sea/ Peloponnese - Crete Passage Deliverable C.1.3.8. Co-funded by the1 European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the European Union. Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work described in this report was supported by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the European Union- through the Grant Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME, corresponding to the Call for proposal EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3 for Projects on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). DISCLAIMERS This document reflects only the authors’ views and not those of the European Union. This work may rely on data from sources external to the SUPREME project Consortium. Members of the Consortium do not accept liability for loss or damage suffered by any third party as a result of errors or inaccuracies in such data. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and neither the European Union nor any member of the SUPREME Consortium, are liable for any use that may be made of the information The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present document do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of UN Environment/MAP Barcelona Convention Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, area, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps included in the present document are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply official endorsement or acceptance by UN Environment/ MAP Barcelona Convention Secretariat. -
A Geographical Note on Thucydides Iv
THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 221 i) TTJV <f>av(pdv . 8te\&h>v 68bv If we turn aside into the path which bears Svairopov, Arrian An. 3. 17. 3), and the us away from our onward and upward philosophers (OVK) lovres TTJV Iprjv 6Sbv, CKTpa-march, we shall have to retrace our steps, irovTai (Hdt. 6. 34). There must be a and, as Plotinus says (En. 1. 6. 7), 'we must detachment of the body; otherwise the mount again to the Good which every soul vision of the absolute will not dawn upon craves,' and with pure self behold pure the soul. The soul must go Deity. J. E. HARRY. ' The way, which from this dead and dark abode Leads up to God.' University of Cincinnati, 0., U.S.A. NOTES A GEOGRAPHICAL NOTE ON Laconian Asine (e.g. Xen. Hell. vii. 1. 25), THUCYDIDES IV. 54. because it was at that time under Spartan rule, and, for the same reason, Neon, one of oi 'AOr/vaTot . Ttav KvOrjpiov <£uA Xenophon's fellow-generals, who is called Troirfa-d/ievoi cirkevaav is ri/v 'Ao-ivrjv xat'EAos indiscriminately o 'Ao-iraios and o AaKtaiuKos Kal Ta ir\.ei<TTa rwv irtpl ddXaxruav Kal diro- (Anab. vii. 2. 1 and 29), may quite as Pda-ets TTOiovfievoi Kal €vavki£6fi£voi rwv \h>pifav probably have belonged to Asine in Messenia 0$ Kaiphi fir) (Srgovv TTJV yrjv rj/xipas fidkurra as to a Laconian place of that name. It is hrrd. also true that Pausanias, who gives a very THE Athenians under Nicias, in 424 B.C., full account of the W. -
Chapter 3 the Social and Economic History of the Cyclades
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/58774 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Roussos, K. Title: Reconstructing the settled landscape of the Cyclades : the islands of Paros and Naxos during the late antique and early Byzantine centuries Issue Date: 2017-10-12 Chapter 3 The social and economic history of the Cyclades 3.1 INTRODUCTION in the early 13th century (the domination of the Franks on the Aegean islands and other Byzantine The Cyclades are rarely mentioned in the territories) shaped the historical fate of the islands of literary sources of Late Antiquity and the Byzantine the southern Aegean and the Cyclades in particular. Early Middle Ages. Sporadic information in different The chronological framework followed by this kind of written sources that are separated by a study is: i) the Late Antique or Late Roman period great chronological distance, such as the Hierokles (from the foundation of Constantinople in 324 to the Synekdemos (Parthey 1967; see more in Chapter middle 7th century), ii) the Byzantine Early Middle 3.3.2), the Stadiasmus of Maris Magni (Müller 1855; Ages or the so-called “Byzantine Dark centuries” see more in Chapter 5.2.2), Notitiae Episcopatuum, (from the late 7th to the early 10th century), and iii) Conciliar Acts (Mansi 1961; Darrouzès 1981; the Middle Byzantine period (from the middle 10th Fedalto 1988; see more in Chapters 3.3.3 and 3.), century to the beginning of the venetian occupation hagiographical texts (the Life of Saint Theoktiste: in 1207). This chronological arrangement slightly Talbot 1996; see more in Chapter 1.3; the Miracles differs from the general historical subdivision of of Saint Demetrius: Lemerle 1979; 1981; Bakirtzes the Byzantine Empire, because it is adjusted to the 1997; see more in Chapter 3.3.2), the lists of the civil, peculiar circumstances pertaining to the maritime military and ecclesiastical offices of the Byzantine area of the south Aegean after the 7th century. -
Eternal Aegean Valetta to Istanbul
ETERNAL AEGEAN VALETTA TO ISTANBUL From the island of Malta to Istanbul, PONANT invites you on a brand new voyage to discover Greece and its famous islands. Le Bougainville will leave Valletta, the capital of Malta and former stronghold of the Knights of the Order of Malta, for a 9-day cruise on seas that are brimming with history. DATE: 14 July 2019 to 22 July 2019 DURATION: 9-DAYS/8-NIGHTS EMBARK: VALLETTA, MALTA DISEMBARK: ISTANBUL, TURKEY SHIP: LE BOUGAINVILLE FROM: $4,860* *After Early Booking Savings *SAVE 10% - Book Early – Limited time HIGHLIGHTS DAY 4 – Wednesday, July 17 – SAILING IN THE SANTORINI CALDERA • UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Valletta, the Sailing in the waters of Santorini caldera is monastery of St John and the Cave of the Apocalypse breathtaking. The gigantic scale of the unique on Patmos, setting, the majesty of the high cliffs surrounds this • Before your cruise, the possibility of discovering ancient crater that was flooded 2000 years before Valletta, capital of Malta. Christ, is one of the highlights of the cruise. The • The stunning beaches of Elafonissos, to the south of colorful whites, greys, reds of the volcanic rocks, the Peloponnese. the blue of the Aegean Sea and the immaculate • Discovering the pearls of the Cyclades: Amorgos, perched villages form a unique and marvelous Delos, Mykonos, Syros and their ancient ruins, typical spectacle. landscapes and beaches. • Exceptional sailing in the Santorini caldera. • Sailing in the Dardanelles Strait. ITINERARY – 2019 DAY 1 — Sunday, July 14 – VALLETTA Embarkation 6H00 to 17H00 - Departure at 18H00 The whole of the Maltese capital Valletta is UNESCO World Heritage listed and occupies a peninsula in the north-east of the island. -
Using Unconventional Sources of Information for Identifying Critical Areas for the Endangered Guitarfish in Greece
J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment Vol. 24, No. 1: 38-50 (2018) RESEARCH ARTICLE Using unconventional sources of information for identifying critical areas for the endangered guitarfish in Greece Ioannis Giovos1*, Archontia Chatzispyrou2, Nickos Doumpas1, Vasilis-Orestis Stoilas1, Dimitrios K. Moutopoulos3 1 iSea, Environmental Organisation for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems, Thessaloniki, GREECE 2 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavyssos, 19013, Attica, GREECE 3 Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Mesolonghi, GREECE *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Guitarfishes characterized by special life history traits and comprised a very fragile resource, whereas the insufficient scientific information makes them a group for major conservation concern of the world oceans. The present study aims to present new records on guitarfishes based on unconventional data collection comprised by citizen scientists’ reports, social and mass media search, in-depth targeted interviews with expert fishermen and on official reconstructed fisheries statistics. This multiple-folds analysis represents a valuable case study for determining potentially important areas for these endangered species with scarcity of records in Greece. Results exhibited a high concertation of guitarfish sightings in two areas of the Greek Aegean part, both very close to published sightings from the Aegean coast of Turkey. We found that the axis of North to South, from Lesvos Island down to Rhodes Island is a critical area for guitarfish in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Additional information on guitarfish sightings will confirm our findings, enrich our knowledge on guitarfish occurrence in the Greek Seas and contribute in future recommendations on their protection, to avoid extinction of these rare batoids in the area. -
The Numismatic Evidence on the Roman Harbour of Patrai
CHARIKLEIA PAPAGEORGIADOU∗ The Numismatic Evidence on the Roman Harbour of Patrai The foundation by Augustus of a roman colony at the site of Patrai was a wise as well as an inevitable choice. The city was located on a pivotal point along the itin- erary joining the Italian coasts with the Aegean and the Orient markets, frequented by a lot of travellers since the earlier times.1 In addition, it held a favourable position for the control not only of the northern Peloponnesian coastline but also the routes in the Aetolia and Locris regions.2 Although conceived as a maritime trade station, the references to its harbour3 is very scanty, excepting the citation of an ὕφορμος μέτριος by Strabo (8.7.5) and a λιμήν by Pausanias (7.21.7), while its ancient remains are almost totally destroyed by the modern city’s expansion. I. Papapostolou identifies the remnants of a bulky and extended pavement in opus caementicum as part of a portal construction, possibly a mole, dating after the second half of the 2nd cent. AD, while another also paved area ending in a strong wall as probably the breakwater of the port. Near the place where these structures were located, the primary road (following today’s Gounari Avenue) of the city seems to have reached its end, as can be deduced by the remaining ruins.4 ∗ This work was performed in the framework of the “Kyrtou plegmata” project within GSRT’s KRIPIS action, funded by Greece and the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union under the O.P. -
|||GET||| a Short History of Byzantium 1St Edition
A SHORT HISTORY OF BYZANTIUM 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE John Julius Norwich | 9780679772699 | | | | | Byzantine Chronicle Preface xxxvi. Although Norwich does his best to keep the pace brisk and lively, the book still A Short History of Byzantium 1st edition like it drags on a bit, particularly towards the end. And when they weren't having those Wow they sure did a lot of gouging out of eyes and tongues and noses and throwing people off cliffs! Norwich's page narrative of the year history of the Normans Kingd This is a truly ghastly book by an historian who has written several outstanding works. Picture Information. Leo was also the first emperor to receive the crown not from a general or A Short History of Byzantium 1st edition officer, as in the Roman tradition, but from the hands of the patriarch of Constantinople. As for bread, the bakers of Constantinople were in a most favored trade, according to the ninth century Book of the Eparch, a handbook of city administration: "bakers are never liable to be called for any public service, neither themselves nor their animals, to prevent any interruption of the baking of bread. It had seen the birth of a new capital, and the adoption of Christianity as the official religion of the Empire. The Vandals surrendered after a couple of battles, and Belisarius returned to a Roman triumph in Constantinople with the last Vandal king, Gelimer, as his prisoner. Jun 28, Jared rated it it was amazing. The Donation of Constantine, one of the most famous forged documents in history, played a crucial role in this. -
Liudprand Von Cremona Als Gesandter Am Byzantinischen Kaiserhof*
Johannes Koder Erfolglos als Diplomat, erfolgreich als Erzähler? Liudprand von Cremona als Gesandter am byzantinischen Kaiserhof* Vorbemerkungen ner Porphyrogenita nicht, sondern sandte Theophano, eine Nichte des Nikephoros Phokas 4 . Die Vermählung fand am 14. Liudprand von Cremona 1 (im Folgenden L.) wurde bald nach April 972 in Rom statt. L. starb 971 oder 972, während der 920 geboren 2 und genoss eine vorzügliche Ausbildung an der Reise oder wenig später. Rhetorikschule in Pavia. Nach seinen Studien wurde er, um Vorweg sei auf einige Besonderheiten der Antapodosis 940, in Pavia zum Diakon (levites Ticinensis) geweiht. Ab der und der Relatio hingewiesen. Auffallend ist die fallweise bis Jahreswende wirkte er in dem ca. 90 km entfernten Cremona ins Detail gehende Genauigkeit seiner Schilderungen. Die- als Bischof. ser Genauigkeit der Berichterstattung steht eine beachtliche L. hielt sich wahrscheinlich dreimal in Kon stan tinopel auf: Flexibilität der Interpretation vergleichbarer Geschehnisse ge- Das erste Mal wurde er im Herbst 949 von Berengar II. von genüber, die in der – jeweils situationsbedingt unterschiedli- Ivrea (900-966, Markgraf seit ca. 925, von 950 bis 961 Kö- chen – positiven oder negativen Schilderung zum Ausdruck nig von Italien) zu Kaiser Kon stan tin VII. Porphyrogennetos kommt. Zwei Beispiele, die über die jeweiligen konkreten entsandt. Über diesen ersten Aufenthalt in Kon stan tinopel Situationen hinaus auch einen hohen Symbolwert haben: Das berichtet er im »Buch der Vergeltung der Könige und Fürsten kaiserliche Zeremoniell wird in Antapodosis VI stets positiv eines Teils von Europa« (Liber Antapodóseos, Aνταποδοσεως, kommentiert, in der Relatio hingegen stets negativ 5 . Dies trifft retributionis, regum atque principum partis Europae, im Fol- auch für die feierliche kaiserliche Tafel und die aus diesem genden: Antapodosis). -
Cathedral President Reveals Multiple Problems Catsimatidis Comes Close
S O C V ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ Bringing the news W ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ to generations of E ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald Greek- Americans N c v A wEEkly GREEk-AmERICAN PuBlICATION www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 16, ISSUE 831 September 14-20, 2013 $1.50 Catsimatidis Comes Dukakis: Punish the Users of Chemical Weapons Close; Constantinides Ex-Pres. Candidate Talks to TNH about Wins by a Landslide Syria, Debt, Greece By Constantine S. Sirigos over this two opponents, each By Theodore Kalmoukos of who gained about 22 percent. NEW YORK – In a mixed night He is now well-positioned to be - BOSTON, MA – A quarter cen - for Greek-American candidates come the first Greek- or Cypriot- tury ago, then-Massachusetts in New York City politics, may - American – he has roots in both Governor Michael Dukakis was oral hopeful John Catsimatidis countries – to be elected to the the Democratic Party’s nominee mounted a strong challenge to City Council. for president of the United Joe Lhota, capturing approxi - The throng that filled the States. After leading his Repub - mately 41 percent of the Repub - ballroom of Manhattan’s Roo - lican opponent – George H.W. lican Primary, with Lhota win - sevelt hotel came to terms with Bush, who was Vice President ning with about 52. Although the numbers on the big screen under President Ronald Reagan Catsimatidis was endorsed by long before John and Margo at the time – in the polls the Liberal Party a few months Catsimatidis made their en - through the summer of 1988, ago, it remained unclear at press trance, but they were in an exu - Dukakis lost his lead by the fall time whether he would stay in berant mood nonetheless.