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Culture Heritage History and Historiography in Dandakaranya (BC to 1250AD)– Vol DYNASTY HISTORY OF UNITED KORAPUT (B.C. to 1250AD) DAS KORNEL First published 2017 @ Das Kornel 2017 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the author and the publisher. ISBN 978-93-5288-893-1 Published by Das Kornel, 2017 [email protected] [email protected] Mobile: +91 9437411576 Coverpage by Arjun Ojha Dedicated to Prof.N.K.Sahu, the eminent Historian of Odisha who contributed immensely to the knowledge of local History in Western Odisha and Emperor Kharavela Dr. Das Kornel Dr. Das Kornel was born in a Punjabi family at Jeypore (Koraput district) in Odisha State of India on 18th August 1948. His family came down during 1870 from Amritsar to Jeypore, then was under the Agency area of Visakahpatam in Madras Presidency and Jeypore as a State ruled by the Suryavamsi family; they have few documents since 1892. Dr.Kornel is a qualified Veterinarian with specialization in Animal Genetics and exercised his profession uptill 1999.He had an excellent accademic carrier and had earned Honours to his degree and 3 University Goldmedals and several prizes. He worked with Government of India in various positions since 1971 and took Voluntry retirement from the post of Director, CCBF in 1999.He was instrumental in establishing Indo-Australian Sheep Breeding Project, Hissar and Central Cattle (Jersey) Breeding Farm, Sunabeda, Government of India. He had established Frozen Semen Bank and Embryo Transfer Laboratory in CCBF, Sunabeda. He has worked with DANIDA as Danida Advisor for 10 long years and was the Programmee Coordinator (IC- SDC) Indo-Swiss Natural Resource Management Programme, Odisha for 4 years. Dr. Kornel has grassroots level experience of 25 years in Rural Sector Development.- Project and Programmes, especially the Poverty alleviation programmee areas in tribal dominant districts of Odisha. His early education and most service period were spent in Koraput district and for brief period in Bastar i district but from last eight years he is working with poor tribals of Mayurbhanj and Kenojhore districts of Odisha. He is associated as a Consultant to GALVmed, Scotland since 2009. The programmee is associated with two lakh fifty thousand house holds in Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar district tribal families spread across16 blocks of the said districts. The skills to raise small animals particularly the back yard poultry through trained Community Animal Health Workers is the strategy to alleviate poverty here. Some how, the life and culture of tribals fascinated him and thus he went deep into the subject. He has published about 44 papers in Animal Science and few books in Farming Systems, Socio-anthropology etc. and notably, Tribal Crops - Livestock Farming Systems in South-East India. Manohar Publishers, New Delhi. (2006). Tribal Culture Heritage and Cult .Gutob Gadaba Tribe of Orissa, (1999c) Modern Book Depot, Bhubaneswar; Tribal Culture. Koya Tribe in Transition, A.P.H.Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, (2006).This is a work based on Koya tribe of Malkangiri, Koraput, and the Bangladesh refugees who settled there. The study is spread across 22 years, and observations on Koyas to meet the challenges due to sudden influx of a modern world society have been detailed. Kornel started working on the livestock bio- diversity of Orissa as early as 1975 and in 1999 he published a book titled, Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources in Orissa, and in 2006 along with Prof. S.C.Móhapatra and Prof. R.M.Acharya published the Indigenous Poultry Genetic Resources of Orissa, and Sheep and Goat Genetic Resources of Orissa: A Survey Report with Government of Orissa. He has also published a work entitled, Livestock and Poultry Dynamics in Tribal life based on the tribals of Koraput. Kornel also published two volumes of e-books entitled, Culture Heritage History and Historiography in Dandakaranya (BC to 1250AD)– vol. I, & vol. II – (2010). This is a detail work on tribal culture, local religion set up, history of people and history of Dynasties that ruled the region and the Historiography that was awaiting discovery here in United Koraput and Bastar districts of Orissa and Chhattisgarh states. Kornel and Dr. Giridhar Gamang published a detail work named, Lost Jaina Tribes in Trikalinga. This work depicts the former day Jaina tribals of Koraput and the monuments and antiquities that are found in the district. Das Kornel was the lead consultant to prepare the Livestock Policy and Plan of Chhattisgarh Government and it was approved by the CG governmemt and was also implememnted. Kornel worked for three years with FAO in India as FAO Associate Professional to South Asia Pro Poor Livestock Policy Programme (a joint initiative of NDDB and FAO) New Delhi. He was the author of Poultry Sector Country Review--- - India for FAO, Rome in 2008. Das Kornel is a reputed International consultant in Backyard Poultry Development and he is well known for his pioneering work on Biodiversity of Livestock and Poultry Resurces in Odisha. ii PREFACE Dandakaranya as known from Ramayana has been well defined and documented. The united Koraput district is a part of Dandakaranya of Ramayana fame. There are 62 tribal groups in Orissa and out of that 51 are in united Koraput district alone that constitutes 82 percent of the total tribal groups.The Tribals of united Koraput, represent to a wide stock of origin, and may have come down from various regions with time. They represent Austro-asiatic, Dravidian and Indo Aryan and mixed origin. They have maintained their own tribe group identity through various measures as social discipline and social orders. For all practical puroses this book mentions Koraput means United Koraput district i.e. Koraput, Nabrangpur, Rayagada and Malkangiri districts of Orissa. This volume has been carved out of the two volumes of Culture Heritage History and Historiography in Dandakaranya (BC to 1250AD), authored by Das Kornel as the request for separate volume of Tribal People History of Koraput grew. This book is mainly focuses the ‘Dyanasty History in united Koraput from BC to 1250 AD”. I have published another volume separately that gives insight into ‘Peoples History in Koraput’. Many dynasties invaded Koraput and ruled. They made history. They are Kharavella, Ikshvakus, Mayurias, Vakatakas, Nala, Western Chalukya, Cholas, Rastrakutas, Western Gangas, Pitribhktas, Panduvamsis, Pallvas, Konas, Telugu Chodas, and Kalachuris of Tripuri, Nagas or Chhindaka dynasty, Mathras and many more minor dynasties. The dynasties of Eastern Ganga and Eastern Chalukyas origined from Koraput district and ruled Kalinga and Andhradesa, respectively for long years. Kharavella established Risi Khebri of Hathigumpha fame and derived its man power for military from Korput then known as Vidydhar abode. It was the Atavi of Emperor Asoka. Nala dynasty ruled from Podagada of Umerkote, Nadapur was the centre of activity for many dynasty for centuries. Cholas had their headquarter at An-chola- gumma and An-chola also carved out Purvadesa and ruled it. The former in Tentulikhunti block of Nabrangpur and the later An-chola in the boarder of Borigumma. Chakrakote of Koraput block remained the bone of contention to W. Chalukyas, Cholas and Nagavmsis and many. It now stands as ruins. Bhairab singpur of Borigumma stands silent with its history of the past. Kalyan Singpur was the capital of Western Chalukyas of Kalyan branch in Koraput. iii The Koraput was also a part of Kalinga and was also known as Giri Kalinga and Paschima Kalinga in the pages of history. This was also the country of Trikalinga. This was also well known as Telinga and more so in Budhist literature. The tribal children are now going to schools and many are in Asram schools. The tribals have their identity and the future generation shall search their culture, history and their roots. This book will help them. Their history and roots shall give them the required strength to march in the process of development safely and in dignified manner. History will guide them. They shall not be lost. The history was built from the history that was recorded in the neighbouring Andhradesa, Kalinga, and the South Kosala and others. This took about 30 years of work. The inscriptions related were thoroughly studied and interpreted where required. The incidences like marching of army and capitals, dynasties ruling for time and period were considered for inference. After thorough study of relevant history texts a detail study of specific Dynasties was taken up along with study of original inscriptions as far possible in context to united Koraput district region as defined in the book. It was the personal advice of renowned Orissan historian of repute, Prof. Manamanth Das to make field studies to write history, otherwise it shall be like many others whose works did not last long; similarly Dr. S.N. Rajaguru was of the opinion that history should have evidences from inscriptions or else it will be a story only. So the above advices were carefully followed to carve out this piece of the history. Most important contribution was due to Prof. Somsekhar Rao and Dr.Kolleru Suryanarayana of Visakahapatnam who willingly gave hours to discuss the relevant history and historical evidences being close to Orissa and in particular the South Orissa history. They also suggested the authors and books of concern to my study which saved lot of my study time. In many instances they were ready to make available inscriptions and photocopies of articles when requested by me. This was very useful because I could save time. However my knowledge of anthropology in particular in context to Koraput and Bastar and practical experiences due to my birth in Jeypore, Orissa and by luck I had spent most of professional carrier in the region was most helpful to derive many things of interest, more so my knowledge of Tribal languages and culture was of significant advantage in the direction.
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