Bharati Volume 4
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Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion. -
The Vakatakas
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM VOL. V INSCRIPTIONS or THE VAKATAKAS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM VOL. V INSCRIPTIONS OF THE VAKATAKAS EDITED BY Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, M.A., D.Litt* Hony Piofessor of Ancient Indian History & Culture University of Nagpur GOVERNMENT EPIGRAPHIST FOR INDIA OOTACAMUND 1963 Price: Rs. 40-00 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA PLATES PWNTED By THE MRECTOR; LETTERPRESS P WNTED AT THE JQB PREFACE after the of the publication Inscriptions of the Kalachun-Chedi Era (Corpus Inscrip- tionum Vol in I SOON Indicarum, IV) 1955, thought of preparing a corpus of the inscriptions of the Vakatakas for the Vakataka was the most in , dynasty glorious one the ancient history of where I the best Vidarbha, have spent part of my life, and I had already edited or re-edited more than half the its number of records I soon completed the work and was thinking of it getting published, when Shri A Ghosh, Director General of Archaeology, who then happened to be in Nagpur, came to know of it He offered to publish it as Volume V of the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Series I was veiy glad to avail myself of the offer and submitted to the work the Archaeological Department in 1957 It was soon approved. The order for it was to the Press Ltd on the printing given Job (Private) , Kanpur, 7th 1958 to various July, Owing difficulties, the work of printing went on very slowly I am glad to find that it is now nearing completion the course of this I During work have received help from several persons, for which I have to record here my grateful thanks For the chapter on Architecture, Sculpture and I found Painting G Yazdam's Ajanta very useful I am grateful to the Department of of Archaeology, Government Andhra Pradesh, for permission to reproduce some plates from that work Dr B Ch Chhabra, Joint Director General of Archaeology, went through and my typescript made some important suggestions The Government Epigraphist for India rendered the necessary help in the preparation of the Skeleton Plates Shri V P. -
The Zend-Avesta Contents
sbe04 THE ZEND-AVESTA PART I THE VENDIDAD TRANSLATED BY JAMES DARMESTETER Sacred Books of the East, Volume 4. Oxford University Press, 1880. {scanned at sacred-texts.com January-May/2001} {p. vii} CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER PAGE I. THE DISCOVERY OF THE ZEND-AVESTA xi II. THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ZEND-AVESTA xxv III. THE FORMATION OF THE ZEND-AVESTA xxx IV. THE ORIGIN OF THE AVESTA RELIGION lvi V. THE VENDÎDÂD lxxxiii http://www.sacred-texts.com/zor/sbe04/sbe04.htm (1 of 257)2006-03-29 오후 2:22:09 sbe04 TRANSLATION OF THE VENDIDAD. FARGARD I. AN ENUMERATION OF SIXTEEN LANDS CREATED BY AHURA MAZDA, AND OF 1 AS MANY PLAGUES CREATED IN OPPOSITION BY ANGRA MAINYU FARGARD II. MYTHS OF YIMA 10 FARGARD III. THE EARTH 21 I (1-6). The five places where the Earth feels most joy 22 II (7-11). The five places where the Earth feels most sorrow 24 III (12-35). The five things which most rejoice the Earth 25 IV (36-42). Corpses ought not to be buried in the Earth 31 FARGARD IV. CONTRACTS AND OUTRAGES 33 I (1) 34 II a (2). Classification of contracts 34 II b (3-4). Damages for breach of contract 35 II c (5-10). Kinsmen responsible 36 II d (11-16). Penalties for breach of Contract 37 III (17-55). Outrages 39 (18). Definitions 39 (18-21). Menaces 39 (22-25). Assaults 40 http://www.sacred-texts.com/zor/sbe04/sbe04.htm (2 of 257)2006-03-29 오후 2:22:09 sbe04 (26-29). -
PAGANISM a Brief Overview of the History of Paganism the Term Pagan Comes from the Latin Paganus Which Refers to Those Who Lived in the Country
PAGANISM A brief overview of the history of Paganism The term Pagan comes from the Latin paganus which refers to those who lived in the country. When Christianity began to grow in the Roman Empire, it did so at first primarily in the cities. The people who lived in the country and who continued to believe in “the old ways” came to be known as pagans. Pagans have been broadly defined as anyone involved in any religious act, practice, or ceremony which is not Christian. Jews and Muslims also use the term to refer to anyone outside their religion. Some define paganism as a religion outside of Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism; others simply define it as being without a religion. Paganism, however, often is not identified as a traditional religion per se because it does not have any official doctrine; however, it has some common characteristics within its variety of traditions. One of the common beliefs is the divine presence in nature and the reverence for the natural order in life. In the strictest sense, paganism refers to the authentic religions of ancient Greece and Rome and the surrounding areas. The pagans usually had a polytheistic belief in many gods but only one, which represents the chief god and supreme godhead, is chosen to worship. The Renaissance of the 1500s reintroduced the ancient Greek concepts of Paganism. Pagan symbols and traditions entered European art, music, literature, and ethics. The Reformation of the 1600s, however, put a temporary halt to Pagan thinking. Greek and Roman classics, with their focus on Paganism, were accepted again during the Enlightenment of the 1700s. -
Program Wednesday Afternoon April 22, 2009 Wednesday Evening April
THURSDAY MORNING: April 23, 2009 23 Program Wednesday Afternoon April 22, 2009 [1A] Workshop NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF DIGITAL DATA FOR ARCHAEOLOGY Room: L404 Time: 1:00 AM−4:30 PM Wednesday Evening April 22, 2009 [1] SYMPOSIUM ARCHAEOLOGY BEYOND ARCHAEOLOGY Room: Marquis Ballroom Time: 6:00 PM−9:00 PM Organizers: Michael Smith and Michael Barton Chairs: Michelle Hegmon and Michael Barton Participants: 6:00 Michael Smith—Just How Useful is Archaeology for Scientists and Scholars in Other Disciplines? 6:15 Tim Kohler—Model-Based Archaeology as a Foundation for Interdisciplinary and Comparative Research, and an Antidote to Agency/Practice Perspectives 6:30 Michael Barton—From Narratives to Algorithms: Extending Archaeological Explanation Beyond Archaeology 6:45 Margaret Nelson—Long-term vulnerability and resilience 7:00 Joseph Tainter—Energy Gain and Organization 7:15 Patrick Kirch—Archaeology and Biocomplexity 7:30 Rebecca Storey—Urban Health from Prehistoric times to a Highly Urbanized Contemporary World 7:45 Carla Sinopoli—Historicizing Prehistory: Archaeology and historical interpretation in Late Prehistoric Karnataka, India 8:00 Michelle Hegmon—Crossing Spatial-Temporal Scales, Expanding Social Theory 8:15 Robert Costanza—Sustainability or Collapse: What Can We Learn from Integrating the History of Humans and the Rest of Nature? 8:30 Robert Costanza—Discussant 8:45 James Brooks—Discussant Thursday Morning April 23, 2009 [2] GENERAL SESSION RECENT RESEARCH IN CENTRAL AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY Room: International C Time: 8:00 -
The Business of Life and Death, Vol. 1: Values and Economies
The Business of Life and Death, Vol. 1: Values and Economies Collected Philosophical Essays by Giorgio Baruchello, PhD Gatineau, Quebec Canada Published by Northwest Passage Books, 2018. Complete Table of Contents Part I - Introductions The Cancer Stage of Capitalism Value Wars From Crisis to Cure Part II - Applications What Is To Be Conserved? An Appraisal of Political Conservatism Good And Bad Tourism Paul Krugman’s Banking Metastases Social Philosophy and Oncology On the Mission of Public Universities Part III - Implications Adam Smith, Historical and Rhetorical Cornelius Castoriadis and the Crux of Adam Smith’s Liberty The Price of Tranquility: Cruelty and Death in Adam Smith’s Liberalism Adam Smith Can Never Be Wrong Five Books of Economic History A History of Economics Epilogue: Good and Bad Capitalism This Sample Includes: Introduction 2 What Is To Be Conserved? An Appraisal of Political Conservatism 9 Copyright © 2018 by Giorgio Baruchello. All rights reserved. This sample of the text may be shared freely provided it is not modified in any way, not used for the reader’s commercial purposes, and that the author’s name remains attached to the work. 1 Baruchello / The Business of Life and Death, vol 1: Values and Economies The Business of Life and Death, Vol. 1: Values and Economies Introduction A direct descendant of the Ontario Agricultural College, the University of Guelph can boast among the members of its vast academic family two great Canadian intellectuals, who have never been afraid of tackling public affairs and economic matters with unswerving courage, subtle acumen and dazzling style. The first one is John Kenneth—“Ken”—Galbraith (1908–2006). -
Listening Attentively To/ Concentrating/ Taking Heed/ Trying to Understand (Skt - Śrū)
THE PROPHET’S UTTERANCES [LINKS IN THE YOUNG AVESTA AND THE VEDIC TEXTS] (1) SƏRAOŠA [This paper is an expanded version of serialized articles ‘The Importance of Listening’ published during 1987 in ‘Manashni’, the voice of the Australian Zoroastrian Association of NSW, Sydney, Australia] Pronunciation symbols I have adopted the following transcription (after Kanga19& Taraporewala29A) as permitted by my software, while avoiding the encoding of the ITRANS convention hoping to make the reading for non-academic purposes generally easier: - a as in fun; ā as in far; ã (nasal sound ãn) as in ‘āvãn’; ə as in fed, ē as in fade; i as in fill; ī as in feel; o as in for; ō as in fore; u as in full; ū as in fool. The nasal sounds are ãn as in āvãn; ən as in the French ‘trés biən’, ĩn as in Ahĩnsā (also pronounced ‘ĩm’ as in Sanskrit Ahĩmsā and as also in Avestan and Gathic languages) and ũn as in Humayũn. The pronunciation of some consonants (as permitted by my software) are ‘ś’ for ‘sh’, ‘š’ for ‘ss’, ‘ŗ’ for ‘ri’, ñ for ‘ni’, ‘ž’ for ‘zh’. The pronunciation of the vowel sounds ‘ə’ as in fed and ‘ən’ as in the French ‘trés biən’ is unique to the Gathic/ Avestan languages. These vowel sounds ‘ə’ and ‘ən’ are not found in the alphabets of Sanskrit and (Shuddha) Gujarāti (and possibly also in other Indic group of Prakrit languages) where all ‘e’ vowel sounds are pronounced as ē as in fade. Also, it is interesting that Vedic texts appear to be conspicuous by the absence of a double negative although double negatives do occur later in ‘Classical’ Sanskrit. -
An Epigraphical Study
urushottama - Jagannath, the Lord of the period, when god Vishnu was conceived as a Universe, the supreme god has been member of the solar family. Pworshipped in various names / forms, from In Odisha the earliest epigraphic time to time with different mode of doctrine and evidences of Vaishnavism is traced in copper plate rituals. The literary and epigraphic sources throw records of Mathara dynasty who ruled over considerable light on the origin of this cult. Kalinga about 4th/5th century A.D. shortly after The religious life of Odisha has been the Samudragupta military expedition to south. dominated by the Cult of Purushottama - The Mathara established independent rule over Jagannath. The Jagannath is regarded as Daru Kalinga, during their rule Vaishnavism advanced Brahma. Among the many rituals of the god, into Kalinga where it enjoyed royal patronage. Nabakalebara is one of the important ceremonies, The Ningondi grant of Prabhanjanavarman which involves a total replacement of the deities mentioned that he was the devout worshipper at through the new ones. The supreme god of the the feet of Bhagavat Narayanasvami. Similarly in Puri is originally a tribal deity. The different rituals the Andhavaram grant of Anantasaktivarman, who is described as the Lord of Kalinga and a devout Nabakalebara and the Evolution of Purushottama Cult : An Epigraphical Study Dr. Bharati Pal of the Nabakalebara ceremony are the finest worshipper at the feet of god Narayana whose examples of the superimposition of the chest was embraced kamala nilaya Lakshmi. Brahmanism Hinduism on a cult which was purely Again Chandavarman and Nandaprabhan- tribal origin. -
Clear and Present Thinking
Clear and Present Thinking A handbook in logic and rationality. Clear and Present Thinking Project Director: Brendan Myers (CEGEP Heritage College) Authors: Brendan Myers Charlene Elsby (Queen’s University) Kimberly Baltzer-Jaray (University of Waterloo) Nola Semczyszyn (Franklin & Marshall College) Editor / Proofreader: Natalie Evans (University of Guelph - Humber) Layout and Design: Nathaniel Winter-Hébert, Lana Winter-Hébert www. winterhebert.com Version 1.1 (21st May 2013) Northwest Passage Books This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ For all other enquiries, please visit brendanmyers.net Clear and Present Thinking A handbook in logic and rationality. Version 1.1 Northwest Passage Books Contents Contents Acknowledgments 2.2.2 Self-Awareness 39 Introduction 7 2.2.3 Health 40 2.2.4 Courage 40 Chapter One: Questions, Problems, 2.2.5 Healthy Skepticism 41 and World Views 15 2.2.6 Autonomy 41 2.2.7 Simplicity 42 1.1 Intellectual Environments 15 2.2.8 Precision 42 1.2 World Views 17 2.2.9 Patience 43 1.3 Framing Language 19 2.2.10 Consistency 43 1.4 Problems 20 2.2.11 Open-ness and Open-Mindedness 43 1.5 Observation 21 2.2.12 Asking for help 44 1.6 Questions 23 2.3 A few summary remarks for Chapter Two 45 1.7 Differing World Views 25 2.4 Exercises for Chapter Two 45 1.8 Value Programs 26 1.9 World Views, Civilization, and Conflict 27 Chapter Three: Basics of 1.10 Exercise for Chapter One 28 Argumentation 47 -
Eat, Live, Pray: a Celebration of Zarathushti Culture and Cuisine © 2012 Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America (FEZANA)
Eat, Live, Pray: A celebration of Zarathushti culture and cuisine © 2012 Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America (FEZANA) www.fezana.org For free distribution You are free to use the content of this publication for personal and not-for-profit purposes. Please attribute the source if you share any information from it in print and/or electronic media including social media. ISBN: 978-0-9826871-2-3 Cover and layout: Hukhta Publications - [email protected] Every effort has been made to use illustrations that are free or from the public domain. Copyright infringement is not intended; please let us know if there is a copyright issue and we will rectify it. CONGRATULATIONS, FEZANA The Federation of the Zoroastrian Association of North America (FEZANA) was registered in the State of Illinois, USA, on June 2, 1987 as a non-profit, religious and charitable organization. In the twenty-five years since them FEZANA has had many accomplishments. In July 1996, we undertook a "Strategic Planning" exercise (FEZANA Journal, Fall 1996) which identified four collective goals for the community and the organization. One of the goals was “a thousand points of light” aimed at preserving our community’s religious and cultural entity. This publication, “Eat, Live, Pray: A celebration of Zarathushti culture and cuisine” upholds this goal. Food plays a very important role in our Zarathushti psyche. We create all varieties of food for different occasions; special food for happy occasions and we also have food for the dead in our religious ceremonies. In the Summer, 2011 edition of the FEZANA Journal, Sarosh and Benafsha Khariwala together with Arnavaz Chubb, all in Melbourne, Australia, explored the concept of “Food as Our Identity”. -
Socio- Political and Administrative History of Ancient India (Early Time to 8Th-12Th Century C.E)
DDCE/History (M.A)/SLM/Paper-XII Socio- Political and Administrative History of Ancient India (Early time to 8th-12th Century C.E) By Dr. Binod Bihari Satpathy 0 CONTENT SOCIO- POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY OF ANCIENT INDIA (EARLY TIME TO 8th-12th CENTURIES C.E) Unit.No. Chapter Name Page No Unit-I. Political Condition. 1. The emergence of Rajput: Pratiharas, Art and Architecture. 02-14 2. The Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta: Their role in history, 15-27 Contribution to art and culture. 3. The Pala of Bengal- Polity, Economy and Social conditions. 28-47 Unit-II Other political dynasties of early medieval India. 1. The Somavamsis of Odisha. 48-64 2. Cholas Empire: Local Self Government, Art and Architecture. 65-82 3. Features of Indian Village System, Society, Economy, Art and 83-99 learning in South India. Unit-III. Indian Society in early Medieval Age. 1. Social stratification: Proliferation of castes, Status of women, 100-112 Matrilineal System, Aryanisation of hinterland region. 2. Religion-Bhakti Movements, Saivism, Vaishnavism, Tantricism, 113-128 Islam. 3. Development of Art and Architecture: Evolution of Temple Architecture- Major regional Schools, Sculpture, Bronzes and 129-145 Paintings. Unit-IV. Indian Economy in early medieval age. 1. General review of the economic life: Agrarian and Urban 146-161 Economy. 2. Indian Feudalism: Characteristic, Nature and features. 162-180 Significance. 3. Trade and commerce- Maritime Activities, Spread of Indian 181-199 Culture abroad, Cultural Interaction. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is pleasure to be able to complete this compilation work. containing various aspects of Ancient Indian History. This material is prepared with an objective to familiarize the students of M.A History, DDCE Utkal University on the various aspcets of India’s ancient past.