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Bible Hebrew VPOD Produced by the Author Biblical Hebrew Basic Grammar of the Hebrew Old Testament John Pappas A companion book for the Biblical Hebrew VPOD Internet Video Instruction Program i Copyright, 2018 by John Pappas, Th.M, Th.D ii Table of Contents THE METHOD ........................................................................................................................................... 6 THE STORY OF HEBREW ................................................................................................................................... 7 THE HEBREW ALPHABET ........................................................................................................................ 12 THE HEBREW NOUN ............................................................................................................................... 19 THE NOUN PREFIXES .............................................................................................................................. 24 THE ADJECTIVE ....................................................................................................................................... 31 PREPOSITIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 35 PRONOUNS ............................................................................................................................................ 39 HEBREW SUFFIXES ................................................................................................................................. 43 CONSTRUCT NOUNS............................................................................................................................... 49 INTRODUCTION TO VERBS ..................................................................................................................... 55 QAL PERFECT STRONG VERBS ................................................................................................................ 60 QAL IMPERFECT STRONG VERBS ............................................................................................................ 64 QAL IMPERATIVE & PRONOMINAL SUFFIXES OF STRONG VERBS ........................................................... 68 QAL INFINITIVE STRONG VERBS ............................................................................................................. 72 QAL PARTICIPLE STRONG VERBS ............................................................................................................ 75 NIPHʽAL STRONG VERBS ........................................................................................................................ 79 PIʽEL STRONG VERBS .............................................................................................................................. 85 PUʽAL STRONG VERBS ............................................................................................................................ 90 HITHPAʽEL STRONG VERBS ..................................................................................................................... 93 HIFʽIL STRONG VERBS ............................................................................................................................ 98 HOFʽAL STRONG VERBS ....................................................................................................................... 102 THE HEBREW SENTENCE ....................................................................................................................... 105 FIRST GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS ............................................................................................................ 113 SECOND GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS ........................................................................................................ 117 THIRD GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS ........................................................................................................... 120 THIRD ALEF GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS ................................................................................................... 123 THIRD HE GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS ...................................................................................................... 126 FIRST NUN GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS .................................................................................................... 129 SECOND VAV/YOD GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS ........................................................................................ 131 FIRST VAV OR FIRST YOD GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS .............................................................................. 134 3 GEMINATE GUTTURAL WEAK VERBS .................................................................................................... 137 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................ 139 VERB CHART – STRONG VERB ................................................................................................................. 140 VERB CHART 2 – I-GUTTURAL [PE GUTTURAL (P )] ........................................................................................ 142 VERB CHART 3 – I-ʼALEF [PE ʼALEF] ........................................................................................................... 144 VERB CHART 4 – II-GUTTURAL [ʽAYIN GUTTURAL] ......................................................................................... 146 VERB CHART 5 – III-GUTTURAL [LAMED GUTTURAL] ...................................................................................... 148 VERB CHART 6 – III-ʽALEF [LAMED ʽALEF] .................................................................................................... 150 VERB CHART 7 – III-HE [LAMED HE] ........................................................................................................... 152 VERB CHART 8 – I-NUN [PE NUN] .............................................................................................................. 154 VERB CHART 9 – II-VAV/ II-YOD [ʽAYIN VAV/ ʽAYIN YOD] .............................................................................. 156 VERB CHART 9 – II-VAV/II-YOD [ʽAYIN VAV/ʽAYIN YOD] CONTINUED ............................................................... 157 VERB CHART 10 – I-VAV/I-YOD [PE VAV/PE YOD] ........................................................................................ 159 VERB CHART 11 – GEMINATE [DOUBLE ʽAYIN] ............................................................................................. 161 DICTIONARY OF GRAMMAR TERMS ................................................................................................................ 163 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................. 165 VOCABULARY ............................................................................................................................................. 181 4 Preface Since the work done on the Bible Greek VPOD program is behind me, the reflection on and improvements considered are now made to the study of Hebrew. The basic idea is the same – Keep It Simple! That is the primary goal of any first year language study and Hebew needs that same treatment. While keeping it simple, I have tried to also keep the complexity inherent with Hebrew as every grammar includes multiple complex grammatical terms for what should be one simple term. This simplification is often a hard thing to accomplish since the first year student also needs to get aquanted with the technical terms yet at the same time not be lost because of an unrelated expression. I must thank my Hebrew teacher, David Austin at Tyndale Seminary, Fort Worth, for his encouragement with both Hebrew and Greek. Also my doctrinal advisor and mentor Dr. Mal Couch who spent countless hours discussing language, theology, and life issues. They instilled in me the “keep it simple,” philosophy that I, in turn, emphisize to my students. It is my hope that the student of this Hebrew grammar will find the complex made simple, while expanding in knowledge and understanding of the original Jewish author’s meaning. That is the goal. It is not possible to interpret completely the thoughts of the original author without going to the original author’s language. That means going back to the Hebrew and Greek. Just having a cursory knowledge of the original language helps greatly in the understanding of the Word. 5 The Method The method used for learning the Hebrew of the Old Testament is based on the internet video Bible Hebrew VPOD produced by the author. This program is based on the three fundamentals: Chapter reading of the grammar book Video instruction using the Hebrew video lessons Then, back to the book for practice and exercises This method is simple, straight to the point, and proven. It is the purpose of this method and program that the student will gain a quick understanding and confidence working with the language while the love and value of it grows. Working the practice exercises is extremely valuable. There is no substitute for memorizing the vocabulary and translating the verses. The volume of words to memorize for each lesson is manageable, and the translation work limited to five or six verses. The selection is made in order for the student to become experienced in the subject of the chapter. The verses were selected for the most part because of their doctrinal meat not just verses for practice sake. Use a Bible,
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