Responses to Several Hebrew Related Items
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Hebrew School
Chabad of Chattanooga Hebrew School Learn it, Live it, Love it! B”H Chabad Hebrew School Learn it, Love it, Live it! Dear Parents and Students, We are pleased to announce that the Chabad Hebrew School is open for registration for the scholastic year of 2015-2016. Attached is a registration form for the coming year. The form can be filled out online, saved and sent back as an email. The form can also be printed and mailed back to Chabad at 22 Pisgah Ave. Chattanooga, TN 37411. In order to successfully implement our goals, a home-school partnership is imperative. To achieve our aims we earnestly seek communication, cooperation, and active partici- pation. Please help your child by encouraging him/her to practice the prayers, as well as the Hebrew reading and comprehension skills learned in school. This is the best way to en- sure that the information will become instilled in his/her mind. At Hebrew School we “live Judaism” with passion and a joy of Holidays and Torah is imparted naturally to our students.We look forward to working together with you and your children. sharing with them a love of Jewish learning. We look forward to giving your child a Jewish experience that they deserve. Please feel free to call me with any questions or comments. We look forward to spending exciting times with you and your family. Rabbi Shaul and Rosie Perlstein Rabbi Shaul and Rosie Perlstein Hebrew School Director School Chabad of Chattanooga 22 Pisgah Ave ● 423 490 1106 ● www.JewishChatt.com ● [email protected] B”H Chabad Hebrew School Learn it, Love it, Live it! Annual Tuition: $475 (includes all supplies and books) 10% discount each additional child *Limited scholarship available No additional membership required Programs: First Taste This program is designed to grab a child's attention with Jewish songs, art, movement and games. -
WP-2 Israel .DOC
UNITED NATIONS Working Paper No. 2 GROUP OF EXPERTS ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Twenty-second Session New York, 20 -29 April 2004 Item 16 of the Provisional Agenda MEETING OF THE WORKING GROUP ON PRONUNCIATION Pronunciation Guide for Hebrew Geographical Names* *Prepared by Prof. Naftali Kadmon, Israel, Chairman, East Mediterranean Division other than Arabic) 1 Pronunciation Guide for Hebrew Geographical Names Hebrew is a Semitic language, and its script, written from right to left, is alphabetic-defective1: the basic system of consonant letters is augmented by the vowels which are represented chiefly by points or marks below, within and above the consonants. The correct pronunciation of Hebrew presumes the presence of fully-pointed text, i.e. that all vowels are marked, but this is found in practice only in clerical or instructional/educational texts. The vowel marks are usually omitted in everyday writing and print since Israelis are taught to read without them, but a method of substituting some vowels markers by the two consonant letters ? and ? (ketiv malé, i.e. plene orthography) is generally used to facilitate reading and is applied also to geographical names. Hebrew has no capital letters. This guide is designed to enable foreign users both to read names in Hebrew maps, and to approximately correctly pronounce Hebrew names in their romanized form. Generalizing, Hebrew is pronounced in either a "Western" mode (WP) or an "Eastern" one (EP). One of the chief differences lies in the fact that the former ignores the gutturalization of the consonants and ? . Stress is not indicated in Hebrew script, but is predominantly on the final syllable, less frequently on the penultimate one. -
Heichal Avodath Hashemb
Heichal Avodath Hashem A Guide to Proper Pronunciation of Hebrew Rabbi Avi Grossman First Edition Introduction .................................................................................5 Exact Pronunciation – How? .......................................................7 The Superiority of the Yemenite Dialect .....................................9 The Letters that have been Confused and their Correct Pronunciations ............................................................................14 The Guttural Letters ...........................................................................................14 .14 Ayin‘ 'ע' The .15 Het 'ח' The 17 Hei 'ה' The .18 Alef 'א' The Non-Gutturals .....................................................................................................18 .18 Waw 'ו' The .20 Tet 'ט' The 20 Tzadi 'צ' The Kaf, Quf, and Gimmel ........................................................................................21 21 Quf 'ק' The The Weak Forms of the Beged Kefet Letters .............................22 Vet .......................................................................................................................22 The Weak Sound of Gimmel.............................................................................. 22 The Weak Dalet ..................................................................................................23 The Weak Tau ....................................................................................................25 The Vowels that have Become Confused and Their -
Emerged from Antiquity As an All-Jewish Possession, Together with Is Interesting
7+ Yiddish in the Framework of OtherJewish Languages Yiddish in the Framework of OtherJewish Languages there discoverable threads extending lrom these three linguistic groups "Arabic" as a native tongue amongJews (in z.rr.I it will become to the ancient Parsic? These questions have not yet been touched by cle ar why it is more appropriate to spe ak of a separate Jewish language scholarship. with Arabic stock, which.may be called Yahudic) is current among a 2.ro The sunset of Targumic as the spoken language of a major much larger group. On the eve of World War II the number of Yahudic Jewish community came with the rise of the Arabs (z.r.r). A survey of speakers was estimated at about seven hundred thousand. Of course, we the linguistic condition of the Jews up to the Arab period is therefore in have no statistics on the Gaonic period, but by no means can the current place. figure give us any idea of the proportion and the dynamics of Yahudic The frontal attack of Hellenism on Jewish culture failed; but at least in former years. By virtue of the Arab conquests, Yahudic was firmly it was historical drama on a large scaie, and visible signs olJaphet's established in Yemen, Babylonia, Palestine, and all of North Africa, beauty remained in the tents of Shem, to use a stock phrase so popular from Egypt to the Atlantic; even Sicily and southern Italy, which as a in the Haskalah period. Nor will we leave Persian out of consideration rule should be included in the Yavanic culture area (z.I 2 ), were at times in the overall picture ofJewish subcultures, although the phenomenon considerably influenced by North Africa. -
Roger Lass the Idea: What Is Schwa?
Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 15, 1986, 01-30 doi: 10.5774/15-0-95 SPIL 15 (]986) 1 - 30 ON SCHW.A. * Roger Lass The idea: what is schwa? Everybody knows what schwa is or do they? This vene- rable Hebraic equivocation, with its later avatars like "neutral vowel", MUT'melvokaZ, etc. seems to be solidly es tablished in our conceptual and transcriptional armories. Whether it should be is another matter. In its use as a transcriptional symbol, I suggest, it represents a somewhat unsavoury and dispensable collection of theoretical and empirical sloppinesses and ill-advised reifications. It also embodies a major category confusion. That is, [8J is the only "phonetic symbol" that in accepted usage has only "phonological" or functional reference, not (precise) phone tic content. As we will see, there is a good deal to be said against raJ as a symbol for unstressed vowels, though there is often at least a weak excuse for invoking it. But "stressed schwa", prominent in discussions of Afrikaans and English (among other languages) is probably just about inex ·cusable. v Schwa (shwa, shva, se wa , etc.) began life as a device in Hebrew orthography. In "pointed" or "vocalized" script (i.e. where vowels rather than just consonantal skeletons are represented) the symbol ":" under a consonant graph appa rently represented some kind of "overshort" and/or "inde terminate" vowel: something perhaps of the order of a Slavic jeT', but nonhigh and generally neither front nor back though see below. In (Weingreen 1959:9, note b) it is described as,"a quick vowel-like sound", which is "pronounced like 'e' in 'because'''. -
Encoded Representations for Distinct Positional Uses of Hebrew Meteg Peter Constable, Microsoft Corporation 2004-09-13
Encoded representations for distinct positional uses of Hebrew Meteg Peter Constable, Microsoft Corporation 2004-09-13 In some uses of the Hebrew script, particularly for Biblical text, a variety of combining marks are used. One of these marks is meteg, encoded as U+05BD, HEBREW POINT METEG. Meteg frequently occurs together with other combining marks. When meteg co-occurs with another mark that occupies the same general space below the base character, different relative arrangements of meteg and these other marks are possible. In some uses it is considered necessary to specify these relative arrangements of meteg and other marks in the encoded representation. A proposal1 has been submitted to UTC for how these different positionings of meteg should be specified in encoded representations. This proposal makes use of the control characters COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER (CGJ), ZERO WIDTH JOINER (ZWJ) and ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER (ZWNJ). This public-review issue is soliciting feedback on this proposal and, in particular, on the proposed use of ZWJ and ZWNJ for distinguishing between the different positional uses of the meteg. The details in this case are somewhat complex. Familiarity with combining marks, canonical combining classes, canonical ordering and canonical equivalence is assumed. Some background information on those topics is provided in an appendix. 1. Background: meteg in combination with below-base vowel marks Biblical Hebrew text includes a number of marks used to annotate the text, which were introduced by Masoretic scholars over a thousand years ago. These marks include vowel points and a number of accentuation marks that indicate structural units of the text, serving to guide the reader or chanter. -
Yehovah, This Latecomer in the Rendering of Our Creator's Name
2 ehovah, this latecomer in the rendering of our Creator’s Name, has gained popularity within the Messianic and Hebrew Roots Ycommunities. However, there are serious linguistic flaws with this pronunciation. Before discussing those, however, it’s important to understand the premise of those who advocate “Yehovah.” This rendering is based on late medieval Hebrew manuscripts of the Old Testament that show the four letters yod-hey-waw-hey [hwhy] with the vowel points from Adonai. Within these manuscripts or codices there are several instances where the vowel points for “Yehovah” (English, “Jehovah”) are found. Based on this fact, it is theorized that the scribes who produced these manuscripts accidentally preserved the name “Yehovah” by not removing the vowel points. There are serious flaws with this hypothesis and logic as you will soon see. Scribal Error? For those who believe this was a scribal error, it’s important to realize that Jewish scribes were ultra-meticulous. After copying a text, scribes would painstakingly review the script for any errors. The thought that a scribe would overlook numerous instances of the same mistake is unthinkable. According to the Jewish Talmud, there were 20 steps a scribe would go 3 through to ensure textual accuracy. Below are some of these steps: • The scribe must be a learned, pious Jew, who has undergone special training and certification. • All materials (parchment, ink, quill) must conform to strict specifications, and be prepared specifically for the purpose of writing a Torah scroll. • The scribe must pronounce every word out loud before copying it from the correct text. -
Inflectional and Derivational Hebrew Morphology According to the Theory of Phonology As Human Behavior
BEN- GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV FACULTY OF HUMINITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIONAL HEBREW MORPHOLOGY ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF PHONOLOGY AS HUMAN BEHAVIOR THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS LINA PERELSHTEIN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: PROFESSOR YISHAI TOBIN FEBRUARY 2008 BEN- GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIONAL HEBREW MORPHOLOGY ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF PHONOLOGY AS HUMAN BEHAVIOR THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS LINA PERELSHTEIN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROFESSOR YISHAI TOBIN Signature of student: ________________ Date: _________ Signature of supervisor: _____________ Date: _________ Signature of chairperson of the committee for graduate studies: ______________ Date: _________ FEBRUARY 2008 ABSTRACT This research deals with the phonological distribution of Hebrew Inflectional and Derivational morphology, synchronically and diachronically. The scope of this study is suffixes, due to the fact that final position bears grammatical information, while initial position bears lexical items. In order to analyze the gathered data, the theory of Phonology as Human Behavior will be employed. The theory classifies language as a system of signs which is used by human beings to communicate; it is based on the synergetic principle of maximum communication with minimal effort. This research shows that the similarity within Modern Hebrew inflectional and derivational suffix system is greater than the derivational Modern Hebrew – Biblical Hebrew system in terms of a specialized suffix system and that the phonological distribution of Hebrew suffixes is motivated by the principles of the theory. -
A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (And a Few Marks)
A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (and a Few Marks) Name + Sample How it Sounds Mnemonics (& Some Notes) each A Dagesh looks like a פּ and ,כּ ,בּ .but a 1—( שֵׁגָדּ ) Dagesh dot in a He’ is a make a sound that dot. cannot be held—as ( קיִפַּמ ) Mapik opposed to the sounds .פ and ,כ ,ב of רּ 2. הּ (Heh with Mapik, which looks like Dagesh) sounds like the “h” in “hi.” 3. For all other letters, ignore. Example: ke’ivu-YAH = הָּיוּוִּאֿ ְכּ Meteg A mark that tells us A Meteg looks like the bottom of a stop sign that a syllable should ( גֶתֶֽמ ) be more stressed than being held by a stressed stop-sign-holder telling other syllables in the you to slow down for the ֽר word. stress(ed syllable). Example: -meku-TZE = תֶרֶֽצֻּקְֿמ ret Edited by Rabbi Jonah Rank for the Shaar Shalom Synagogue in Halifax, NS | 06.27.2018 1 A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (and a Few Marks) Name + Sample How it Sounds Mnemonics (& Some Notes) Sheva Nach No vowel sound. The Sheva Nach makes the sound that you might Just say the) ( וְ ֿשׁ אָ חָנ ) consonant as if no make when you are silent, and the Sheva Na‘ makes vowel were beneath the sound of you saying a (.it ְר really short “Eh” after someone asks you for Example: your opinion about .sif-RO something you disliked = וֹרְפִס Either way, the Sheva In this packet, we looks like the developing bubbles before the always put a line thought bubble rises, above a Sheva Na to helping you figure out make distinct-looking how to respond. -
4 Read Lesson Flashcards English.Dwd
g h g g Ug Ig `a `i `e `u `o `ayin + qamatz `ayin + hiriq maleh `ayin + tzereh `ayin + shuruq `ayin + holam Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 P h P P UP IP pa pi pe pu po peh + qamatz peh + hiriq maleh peh + tzereh peh + shuruq peh + holam Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 b hb b Ub Ib na ni ne nu no nun + qamatz nun + hiriq maleh nun + tzereh nun + shuruq nun + holam Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 Hebrew From Day One Lesson 4 p h p p Up Ip pha phi phe phu pho pheh + qamatz pheh + hiriq maleh pheh + tzereh pheh + shuruq pheh + holam Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards © Rabbi Jana De Benedetti Flashcards -
The Kefar Hebrew Phonics Puzzles
HEBREW PHONICS PUZZLES “A” & “E” Vowels www.thekefar.com @thekefar The Kefar bit.ly/ KefarYouTube [email protected] 24 Cards Educator’s Guide Pronunciation Chart Hebrew Phonics Puzzles © 2018 by The Kefar. All rights reserved. www.thekefar.com HEBREW PHONICS PUZZLES Educator’s Guide Thank you for using The Kefar’s Hebrew Phonics Puzzles! These are great tools for helping learners strengthen their Hebrew spelling skills and increase their vocabularies. This Educator’s Guide will explain how to read Hebrew, and how to use these phonics puzzles with your learners. Reading Hebrew Hebrew is a Semitic language with a writing system in which every symbol (letter) represents a consonant. Vowels in Hebrew are made up of dots and dashes that are added underneath, above, or to the left of Hebrew letters. These vowels, called niqqud, help Hebrew students learn how to pronounce words. As learners become more familiar with the language, and their vocabularies increase, they are able to read words without niqqud, supplying the correct vowel sounds based on their knowledge of Hebrew. There are three vowel sounds in this Hebrew Phonics Puzzles packet: ;These vowels [ ָ ַ ] make the “ah” sound, as in father This vowel [ ֶ ] makes the “eh” sound, as in bed; and .This vowel [ ֵ ] makes the “ei” sound, as in weigh To read, blend the sound of each Hebrew letter with the vowel sound (in that order). Note that Hebrew is read and written from right to left. is pronounced “seifel” - Samech + ei vowel ֵס ֶפל Example 1: The word (sei) / Fey + eh vowel (feh) / Lamed (l) is pronounced “aleh” - Ayin + ah vowel ָע ֶלה Example 2: The word (ah) / Lamed + eh vowel (leh) / Hey (h) Hebrew Phonics Puzzles ©2018 by The Kefar. -
Issues in the Representation of Pointed Hebrew in Unicode Third Draft, Peter Kirk, August 2003
Issues in the Representation of Pointed Hebrew in Unicode Third draft, Peter Kirk, August 2003 1. Introduction The Hebrew block of the Unicode Standard (http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0590.pdf) is intended to include all of the characters needed for proper representation of Hebrew texts from all periods of the Hebrew language, including fully pointed and cantillated ancient texts such as that of the Hebrew Bible. It is also intended to cover other languages written in Hebrew script, including Aramaic as used in biblical and other religious texts1 as well as Yiddish and a few other modern languages. In practice there are a number of issues and minor deficiencies in the Hebrew block as currently defined, in version 4.0 of the Unicode Standard (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.0/), which affect its usefulness for representation of pointed Hebrew texts and of Hebrew script texts in some other languages. Some of these simply require clarification and agreed guidelines for implementers. Others require further discussion and decision, and possibly additions to the Unicode standard or other action by the Unicode Technical Committee. The conclusion reached in this paper is that two new Unicode characters should be proposed; other issues can be resolved by use of suitable sequences of existing characters, provided that such use is generally agreed by content providers and rendering systems. Several of these issues relate to different typographical conventions for publishing of Hebrew texts. It seems that a particular set of conventions is used for general publications in Hebrew, especially in Israel, but various other conventions, in which more fine distinctions are made, are used mainly for quality editions of biblical and other religious texts.