Variae Medeae: a Recepção Da Fabula De Medeia Pela Literatura Latina

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Variae Medeae: a Recepção Da Fabula De Medeia Pela Literatura Latina UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS FACULDADE DE LETRAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO: ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO – LITERATURA COMPARADA LINHA DE PESQUISA – LITERATURA, HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA CULTURAL Variae Medeae: A recepção da fabula de Medeia pela literatura latina Márcio Meirelles Gouvêa Júnior Orientadora: Professora Doutora Sandra Maria Gualberto Braga Bianchet BELO HORIZONTE 2013 2 AGRADECIMENTOS Obrigado à minha mãe, por tantas conversas sobre as Medeias e por tanta ajuda nas dificuldades da língua; obrigado ao Eduardo, por tantas leituras de minhas traduções e por tanta e tão fundamental ajuda na reflexão dos assuntos que resultaram neste trabalho; obrigado à Ana Amélia, pelo sempre constante incentivo sem cujo apoio, esta jornada não teria sequer começado; e muito, muito obrigado à Sandra, minha orientadora, por todos esses anos de paciência e de incansável dedicação intelectual, pelo precioso companheirismo acadêmico, pela amizade pessoal de tanto tempo e, sobretudo, pela imensa generosidade de seu magistério; sou profundamente grato a vocês. 3 SUMÁRIO Resumo da Tese: ............................................................................................................................... 5 Abstract: .............................................................................................................................................6 Introdução: 1. As várias Medeias latinas e sua leitura no campo da Literatura Comparada ................ 7 2. Do estudo ............................................................................................................................ 13 3. Da tradução e da tradição do tema em língua portuguesa ............................................ 20 Capítulo I. Barbara Medea: 1. Cum Medea more barbaro induerit. .................................................................................... 24 2. Cum Medea proles necauerit. ............................................................................................. 42 3. Cum Medea florentem aetatem reddiderit et amore arserit. ............................................... 48 4. Graecae Medeae ................................................................................................................... 52 Capítulo II. Medea Romae: 1. Medea in Roma: fabula latina magae Colchidae ............................................................... 59 2. Ferox Medea – de amorosa furia inuictae magae .............................................................. 78 3. Medea, ut visa in Roma et a latinis ..................................................................................... 87 4. Medea, ut uisa extra latinitatem, sed in Imperio Romano…............................................. 92 5. Tandem Medea romana ..................................................................................................... 102 Capítulo III. Barbara Medea et Barbari Romae: 1. Prooemium ....................................................................................................................... 108 2. Barbara Roma ................................................................................................................... 109 3. Medea et humanitas .......................................................................................................... 117 4. Medea et noui barbari ....................................................................................................... 136 5. Medea et Princeps ............................................................................................................. 146 6. Medea et barbaries animae ................................................................................................ 166 7. Incognitae Medeae ............................................................................................................ 184 8. Medea et barbari Romae .................................................................................................... 188 9. Medea extra Romam ......................................................................................................... 220 10. Medea et barbari pagani .................................................................................................... 236 4 Capítulo 4. Conclusio: Medeae Romae: 1. Quis enim Medea Romae fuit? ......................................................................................... 254 2. Cui Medea Romae profuit? .............................................................................................. 264 3. Cur de Medea Romae locutum est? .................................................................................. 275 Bibliografia .................................................................................................................................... 279 5 RESUMO DA TESE Medeia, a feiticeira estrangeira que salvou os argonautas dos perigos do oriente e que levou ruína e mortes às cidades gregas, chegou a Roma por volta do século III a.C., como mais uma das fabulae do vasto repositório mitológico helenístico, recepcionado durante o processo de inserção da Vrbs no mundo cultural amalgamado pelas conquistas de Alexandre. Começava, então, o longo percurso da tradição artística de sua narrativa, que ultrapassou a dimensão cronológica do paganismo latino para alcançar, no início do século VI d.C., a latinitas do norte cristianizado da África. Nesse percurso, sua condição foi sempre a de objeto literário, ou, assunto de poetas, como na descrição de Cícero: poetarum ista sunt (CIC. N. D. 3.77). Assim, sintetizando as incontáveis variantes dos mitos e versões que trataram da história da princesa colca em contexto grego, seu caráter foi unificado no campo latino na concisa determinação de Horácio (HOR. Ars. 123): sit Medea ferox inuictaque: seja Medeia feroz e invicta. Esses atributos da feiticeira estrangeira, porém, conferiam aos autores a faculdade de refletir sobre um dos problemas que mais constantemente enfrentavam os povos habitantes de Roma e de seus domínios: a lida com a barbárie. Contudo, Medeia não representava uma barbárie vencível e que a cultura romana poderia subjugar, mas a barbárie indômita e intransponível, que, em última análise, por contraste, definiria as fronteiras do Estado romano e da própria subjetividade do uir romanus. Assim, a análise comparativista das Variae Medeae, realizada por meio da interpretação das referências dos poetas latinos à saga da feiticeira da Cólquida, e por intermédio das referências aos discursos dos oradores e da utilização pictórica de seus episódios trágicos, permite à reflexão hodierna o alargamento da compreensão do próprio fenômeno da barbárie, como compreendida pelos romanos antigos. Por meio da extração do conceito de barbarus de cada uma das obras que se referiram a Medeia, foi possível determinar, no curso da história romana, quem eram os bárbaros, quais as suas características fundamentais e quais os perigos que representavam para a Vrbs e para o romanus. Por isso, por meio da análise da recepção literária da fabula Medeae Romae, foi possível aprofundar o próprio conceito do que era ser romano. 6 ABSTRACT Medea, the witch who saved the Argonauts from dangers of the East and brought ruin and death to the Greek cities, arrived in Rome, around the third century BC, as one of the many fabulae which belonged to the vast mythological Hellenistic repository, welcomed during the insertion process of the Vrbs into the cultural world which had been amalgamated by Alexander’s conquests. At that point, the long journey of the artistic tradition of her narrative started, a journey which exceeded the chronological dimension of Latin paganism, to achieve, at the beginning of the sixth century AD, the latinitas coming from Christianized Northern Africa. Along the way, her condition was always the one of a literary matter, subject of poets, as Cicero points out: poetarum ista sunt (CIC. N.D. 3.77). Thus, summarizing the countless variants and versions of the myths that dealt with the history of the Colchian princess in Greek context, her character was unified in Latin scope in the concise determination of Horace (Hor. Ars. 123): Medea ferox sit inuitaque: Let Medea be fierce and invincible. The attributes of this foreign witch, however, gave authors the faculty for reflecting on one of the problems that the inhabitants of Rome and its domains faced out very frequently: dealing with barbarism. However, Medea did not represent a kind of barbarism which could be defeated and subdued to Roman culture, but that indomitable one over which it was impossible to win a victory, the one which, ultimately, by contrast, would define the boundaries of the Roman State and the own subjectivity of the uir romanus. Thus, the comparative analysis of the Variae Medeae carried out through interpretation of the references to the plot of the Latin poets of the witch from Colchis in Latin poets, and through references to the speeches of the oratores and the use of pictorial records of her tragic episodes, leads to reflection and enlargement of the understanding of the phenomenon of barbarism itself at the present time, as it was understood by the ancient Romans. Through the extraction of the concept of barbarus from each of the works which referred to Medea, it was determined, in the course of Roman history, who the barbarians were, which fundamental features they had and what kind of dangers they constituted to the Vrbs and the romanus. Therefore, by analyzing the literary reception of the fabula Medeae Romae, it was possible
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