Pirate Ballet
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Pirate ballet The tricorne or tricorn is a style of hat that was popular during the 18th century, falling out of style by , though actually not called a "tricorne" until the midth century. During the 18th century, hats of this general style were referred to as "cocked hats". At the peak of its popularity, the tricorne varied greatly in style and size, and was worn not only by the aristocracy, but also as common civilian dress, and as part of military and naval uniforms. The style served two purposes: first, it allowed stylish gentlemen to show off the most current fashions of their wigs, and thus their social status; and secondly, the cocked hat, with its folded brim, was much smaller than other hats, and therefore could be more easily tucked under an arm when going inside a building, where social etiquette dictated that a gentleman should remove his hat. Tricornes with laced sides could have the laces loosened and the sides dropped down to provide better protection from the weather, sun, and rain. Tricornes had a rather broad brim , pinned up on either side of the head and at the back, producing a triangular shape. The hat was typically worn with one point facing forward, though it was not at all unusual for soldiers, who would often rest a rifle or musket on their left shoulder, to wear the tricorne pointed above their left eyebrow to allow better clearance. The crown is low, unlike the steeple hats worn by the Puritans or the top hat of the 19th century. Tricornes ranged from the very simple and cheap to the extravagant, occasionally incorporating gold or silver lace trimming and feathers. In addition, military and naval versions usually bore a cockade or other national emblem at the front. This style of hat remains in use in a number of countries to the present day as an item of ceremonial dress. The tricorne appeared as a result of the evolution of the broad-brim round hat used by Spanish soldiers in Flanders during the 17th century. This shape was favored by Spanish soldiers, as when standing at arms their muskets could be held at their shoulders right or left without hitting the hat brim. War broke out between France and Spain in over the Spanish Netherlands , and during the subsequent struggle its use spread to the French armies. The style was brought back to France, where its usage spread to the French population and the royal court of King Louis XIV , who made it fashionable throughout Europe, both as a civilian and military wear. By the end of the 17th century, the tricorne was popular in both civilian fashion and in military uniforms. They remained one of the predominant European styles of hat throughout the 18th century. In the United States, only the first five Presidents , from George Washington to James Monroe , wore this style of hat according to the fashion of the 18th century. The tricorne quickly declined in use at the end of the 18th century. It evolved into the bicorne , [9] which was widely used by military officers in Europe from the s until World War I , not completely fading out of style until World War II. For enlisted soldiers, the tricorne was replaced by the shako at the turn of the 19th century, which had become the new dominant style of military headgear from on. In the UK, a black feathered tricorne hat is part of the ceremonial dress of most Lord Mayors ; at the annual Lord Mayor's Show in November, the newly elected Lord Mayor of the City of London can usually be seen enthusiastically waving his tricorne at the crowds. During the Introduction Ceremony, new members of the House of Lords were required to doff remove and replace a tricorne hat three times before the Lord Chancellor; however, hats were removed from the ritual in In the United States, the tricorne is associated with the American Revolution and American Patriots of that era, especially Minutemen militia members of the American Colonies. The Tea Party movement uses the tricorne as an icon to associate itself with the American Revolution. In Spain the traditional headdress of the Guardia Civil , the oldest law enforcement agency covering the whole country, is the tricornio hat, originally a tricorne. Its use now is reserved for parades or ceremonies. The Royal Corps of Halberdiers within the Spanish Royal Guard wear blue and white with a silver ribbon tricorne as part of their formal dress. In France , synagogue officiants usually not rabbis , wear the tricorne on formal occasions. In the French navy and air force, tricornes are still worn by women as a piece of uniform. The tricorne is a key feature in the University of Minho 's academic dress, in Portugal. In Canada, the tricorne is part of the ceremonial wear of the Speakers, both in the federal Parliament and in some provincial legislatures. It is also part of the ceremonial dress for justices of the Supreme Court of Canada. This style became known as the "Lady Di" design and was copied worldwide. Horse Guard of the Guardia Civil wearing the traditional tricorne during a ceremony in Madrid , Spain. Peter the Great reenactor wearing a tricorne hat in Saint Petersburg , Russia. Charles Alexander , c. Thomas Gage in Frederick the Great wearing a tricorne, c. Trumbull's depiction of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. Charles III of Spain , c. The British Speaker of the House of Commons carrying his tricorne, The Women's Royal Naval Service modernised version of the tricorne in Chelsea Pensioners raise their tricornes on Founder's Day. Lord Mayor of Plymouth , The town crier of Seaton in Devon , From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hat with the brim turned up on three sides. For the former building in Portsmouth, see Tricorn Centre. For the fractal, see tricorn mathematics. Figure of Louis XIV c. Catherine the Great , c. Retrieved 20 October Archived from the original on Retrieved Archived from the original on 23 July Retrieved 20 April Real Life at the White House: Presidents of the United States. Retrieved 28 October Military Uniforms in Colour. Blandford Press. The Guide to Historic Costume. Drama Book Publishers. History of the Royal Navy in the 20th century. Presidio Pr. Lords of Parliament: Manners, Rituals and Politics. Manchester University Press. Understanding the Tea Party Movement. New York: Routledge. Retrieved 1 September Hats and caps. List of hat styles. Klobuk Epanokalimavkion Kalimavkion Koukoulion Skufia. Cockade Feathers Hat box Hatpin. Categories : 17th-century fashion 18th-century fashion 19th-century fashion Hats History of clothing Western fashion Military uniforms Maritime culture. Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Commons category link is on Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Italian tricorne hat, midth century. Le Corsaire is a ballet typically presented in three acts, with a libretto originally created by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges loosely based on the poem The Corsair by Lord Byron. Petersburg throughout the mid to late 19th century. The role of Conrad—which contained no dancing in Mazilier's original staging—was created by the Italian Domenico Segarelli. It would not be until many years later that the role of Conrad included any dancing. Petersburg Imperial Theatres from until For this production Petipa assisted Perrot in rehearsals, and even revised a few of the ballet's key dances. Over the course of his long career Petipa presented four revivals of Le Corsaire , each time adding a substantial number of new pas , variations and incidental dances. For this revival, Petipa also extracted a pas de deux, the Pas d'esclave, from Duke Peter Oldenbourg's score to Petipa's ballet La Rose, la violette et le papillon. Four years later Joseph Mazilier came out of retirement to mount a revival of Le Corsaire in honor of the Exposition Universelle , given that year in Paris. The revival premiered on 21 October and was given thirty-eight performances with Grantzow as the heroine Medora. In the winter of , Granztow was invited to perform with the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg by Emperor Alexander II. For the production Petipa again called upon Cesare Pugni to compose music for new dances. This production was mounted especially for the benefit performance of Pierina Legnani , Prima ballerina assoluta of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres. In March Marius Petipa was dispatched to mount Jules Perrot's version of Le Corsaire for the Ballet of the Moscow Imperial Bolshoi Theatre today known as the Bolshoi Ballet , who continued performing the ballet with some regularity for many years in various revivals. In Petipa supervised the creation of a new production of Le Corsaire for the company, which premiered to a resounding success. Petipa was a leading choreographer of the time in Russia. For this revival Gorsky supervised a substantially revised edition of Adam's score that included a myriad of new dances. Among the most notable scenes added by Gorsky was a dream sequence set to a Nocturne by Chopin, in which the character Medora dreams of her beloved Conrad. Another interpolation of note was a divertissement for Turkish, Persian and Arabian slave-women that took place during the scene in the bazaar of the first act. Even with the production's large number of interpolated pieces, Gorsky chose to retain many of the additional pas as included in the ballet by Mazilier and Petipa. Although the company regularly performed extracts from Le Corsaire for many years thereafter, the full-length work was not given again until Konstantin Sergeyev staged his version for the company in Petersburg State Museum of Theatre and Music to assist in mounting a historically informed production.