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Iconografia Prebizantina Bizantina E Postbizantina

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Iconografia Prebizantina Bizantina E Postbizantina For.D Iconografia Prebizantina Bizantina e Postbizantina Pasqua 2009 In copertina: Icona copta XIII° sec. Monastero di Santa Caterina Sinai Iconografia bizantina e postbizantina INDICE INDICE ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduzione....................................................................................................... 7 Come era percepita l’immagine nell’antichità ................................................. 10 Breve storia della contesa iconoclasta ............................................................. 11 Conseguenze della contesa iconoclasta sull’arte bizantina .............................. 15 Ingresso della fede ortodossa nel mondo slavo ............................................... 16 IL VOLTO DI CRISTO .......................................................................................... 19 Introduzione .................................................................................................. 21 Le contese cristologiche dei primi secoli ....................................................... 22 Le prime immagini preiconoclaste................................................................. 23 Le immagini posticonoclaste ......................................................................... 35 L’immagine di Cristo detto ‘Pantocrator’ ...................................................... 36 L’immagine di Cristo detta ‘Acheropoieta’ o ‘Non Dipinta da Mano Umana’ 44 L’immagine di Cristo in ‘Gloria’ o ‘Salvatore in Trono tra le Potenze’ ........... 49 Altre immagini di cristo ................................................................................. 54 IL VOLTO DELLA MADRE DI DIO........................................................................ 61 Introduzione .................................................................................................. 63 Le immagini preiconoclaste ........................................................................... 65 La fine dell’iconoclastia ed il formarsi delle varie tipologie dell’immagine della Madre di Dio ......................................................................................... 73 Caratteristiche iconografiche comuni alle varie tipologie dell’immagine della Madre di Dio .................................................................................................. 76 L’immagine della Madre di Dio detta Panaghia o ‘Orante’ ........................... 78 L’immagine della Madre di Dio detta Platytera o ‘Del Segno’ ....................... 79 L’immagine della Madre di Dio detta Aghiosortissa o ‘della Deesis’ ............. 81 L’immagine della Madre di Dio detta Hodigitria o ‘Che Indica la Via’ ........... 83 L’Hodigitria detta ‘Madre di Dio di Smolensk’ ............................................ 86 L’Hodigitria detta ‘Madre di Dio di Tichvin’ ................................................ 88 L’Hodigitria detta ‘Madre di Dio di Kazan’ .................................................. 90 L’Hodigitria detta ‘Madre di Dio delle Tre Mani o Tricherusa ..................... 93 L’Hodigitria detta ‘Madre di Dio di Iveron o Portaitissa ............................. 96 L’Hodigitria detta ‘Madre di Dio della Passione o Amolyntos ..................... 98 L’immagine della Madre di Dio detta Eleusa o ‘Misericordiosa’ .................. 101 L’Eleusa detta ‘Madre di Dio di Vladimir’ o Vladimirskaya ....................... 103 L’Eleusa detta ‘Madre di Dio di Korsun’ .................................................... 106 L’Eleusa detta ‘Madre di Dio di Pochaev’.................................................. 109 l’Eleusa detta ‘Madre di Dio di Kykkos’..................................................... 112 l’Eleusa detta ‘Madre di Dio Axion Esti’ .................................................... 115 l’Eleusa detta ‘Madre di Dio del Tolga’ ..................................................... 117 l’Eleusa detta ‘Madre di Dio di Teodoro o Fedorovskaia’ ......................... 119 3 For.D. L’immagine della madre di dio detta lactans o ‘galactotrophousa’ ............. 121 l’immagine della Madre di Dio detta del Roveto Ardente’ .......................... 124 l’immagine della Madre di Dio detta ‘Gioia degli Afflitti’ ............................ 127 l’immagine della Madre di Dio detta di ‘Bogoljubovo’ ................................ 130 l’immagine della Madre di Dio detta ‘Gioia Inaspettata’ ............................. 134 Conclusione ................................................................................................. 136 ICONOGRAFIA DELLE GRANDI FESTE LITURGICHE .......................................... 137 Introduzione ................................................................................................ 139 Natività della Madre di Dio .......................................................................... 140 Presentazione di Maria al Tempio ............................................................... 143 Annunciazione a Maria ................................................................................ 146 Natività di Cristo .......................................................................................... 150 Presentazione di Cristo al Tempio ............................................................... 154 Battesimo di Cristo o Teofania ..................................................................... 157 Trasfigurazione di Cristo .............................................................................. 161 Ingresso di Cristo in Gerusalemme .............................................................. 166 Discesa agli Inferi (Pasqua di Resurrezione)................................................. 170 Ascensione ................................................................................................... 174 Dormizione della Vergine ............................................................................ 178 Pentecoste ................................................................................................... 184 Esaltazione della Croce ................................................................................ 187 LE ALTRE FESTE DELLA CHIESA ORTODOSSA ................................................... 190 Trinità del vecchio Testamento o Ospitalità di Abramo ............................... 190 Resurrezione di Lazzaro ............................................................................... 195 Le Mirofore al Sepolcro................................................................................ 199 Protezione della Madre di Dio o di Pokrov................................................. 205 IL CICLO DELLA PASSIONE ............................................................................... 211 Introduzione ................................................................................................ 213 Lavanda dei piedi ......................................................................................... 214 Ultima Cena ................................................................................................. 217 La Comunione degli Apostoli ....................................................................... 221 Tradimento di Giuda .................................................................................... 225 Il Processo di Cristo ...................................................................................... 228 Crocifissione di Cristo .................................................................................. 234 EVANGELISTI APOSTOLI ANGELI E SANTI ........................................................ 245 Gli Evangelisti .............................................................................................. 247 Gli Apostoli .................................................................................................. 255 Gli Angeli...................................................................................................... 260 I Santi ........................................................................................................... 268 S.Nicola di Myra: ....................................................................................... 268 S. Elia sul carro di fuoco: .......................................................................... 269 S. Giorgio:.................................................................................................. 270 4 Iconografia bizantina e postbizantina S. Floro e Lauro: ........................................................................................ 271 Giovanni Battista angelo del Deserto: ...................................................... 272 San Demetrio: ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendici A. L’Iconostasi A-1 B. Come è fatta un’icona B-1 C. Alfabeto liturgico slavo C-1 D. Numerazione liturgica slava D-1 E. Gli imperatori bizantini E-1 F. I papi di Roma F-1 G. Breve storia della Russia e Cronologia G-1 H. Glossario H-1 5 For.D. 6 Iconografia bizantina e postbizantina Introduzione La parola ‘Icona’ e ‘Iconografia’ derivano, come è noto, dalla parola greca ‘eikon’ che significa genericamente ‘immagine’, ma nel linguaggio corrente la parola ’icona’ ha assunto, nel tempo, il significato specifico di immagine sacra ortodossa e ‘iconografia’ quello dello studio delle forme di espressione di questa’arte1. La tradizione vuole che la prima immagine e quindi la prima icona fosse stata dipinta (si dovrebbe dire scritta)
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