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PEACE Info (18-20 January, 2020)

− NCA-Signatory EAOs to Invite Non-Signatory EAOs to Peace Process Meeting − ’s National Dialogue Must Be for All NCA Signatories Ahead of Peace Summit, EAOs Say − National-level political talk to hold in March − Two Myanmar Constitution Amendment Bills Agreed by NLD, Ethnic Parties − Kachin Community Demands Truth and Justice Five Years After Teachers’ Murder − President Xi Jinping visit and ethnic nationalities’ take on BRI − Myanmar, China sign 33 MoUs, agreements − China inks deal with Myanmar on 33 MoUs including Kyaukphyu and Yangon development projects − Taiwan rebukes Myanmar over joint statement with Xi − Xi says China never sells weapons to Myanmar armed groups − Chinese President’s Claim That Beijing Not Arming EAOs Met With Skepticism in Myanmar − What Will Xi Jinping’s Visit Mean for Myanmar’s Future? − Church and displaced Kachin villagers voice concern over restarting Myitsone Dam − Myanmar army attacks Kokang base as Chinese President arrives − Eight civilians injured in mine explosion in Rakhine − RCSS hands seized narcotic drugs over to Tatmadaw − NMSP seizes over 300 kratom plants and make an arrest − No ‘Genocidal Intent’ in Security Operations in , Myanmar Commission Says − �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� ည�လ�ခံ အစည��အ�ဝ� မတ��င�မ� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���မ��� ထ�ပ�သ��စည���ဝ�ပ�� က�င��ပ���င�ဖ�ယ�ရ�� − အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��က�� မတ�လ၌�ပ�လ�ပ�ရန� NCA လက�မ�တ�ထ��� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���မ��� �မ���မ�န��ထ���ပ�� ယခ�လက�န�ပ��င��တ�င� အစ���ရ��င�� တရ��ဝင��ဆ������မည� − �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရလ�ပ�ငန��စ��မ�� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ� ပ�ဝင�ခ�င�� − �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င� �ဆ������ပ��သ��� NCA ထ���မထ���သ� အဖ���မ���က�� ဖ�တ�မည� − NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ� မ��ဘ�င�တ�င� အပစ�မရပ� အဖ���မ��� သ�ဘ�ထ�� ထည��သ�င��မည� − ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ� ဂ�န��မ����င�� ဆက�သ�ယ��မ��မန���ခင�� − လ�မည���င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ည�လ�ခံတ�င� ���င�ငံ�ရ�က�သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�ရမ�သ� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ�သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�ရ���င�မည� − အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�ပ���ပ�င���က��မတ�၏လ�ပ�ငန��မ��� �ပ��ဆ�ံ� − ၂၀၀၈ အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒက�� ဖ�က�သ�မ���ပ�ရန� �က��င��သ��မ��� စ��ပ�င���တ�င��ဆ��မည� − �မန�မ�-တ��တ� ��စ����င�ငံအ�က�� �က��က��ဖ�အထ��စ��ပ����ရ�ဇ�န�၊ �ရနက�ဆ�ပ�ကမ��ဆ��င�ရ� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ�အပ�အဝင� က�စ�ံ န��လည�မ�စ�ခ�န�လ����င�� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� ၃၃ ခ� လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���

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− �မန�မ��တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���မ���က�� လက�နက��ထ�က�ပံ��ပ��ခင��မရ��ဟ� တ��တ�သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င���ပ� − တ��င��ရင��သ���တ�က�� “လက�နက�မ�ပ�ဘ��” လ��� တ��တ���ပ��က��မ� မယ�ံ�ကည��က − RCSS အဖ���ဝင� ၂ဦ� ယ�န�တ��င� မလ�တ��သ� − �က�င��ခ�� ဆရ�မ ��စ�ဦ� အမ�မ�န��ပ��ရ� အ�ဖစ�မ�န��ဖ��ထ�တ��ကရန� �တ�င��ဆ�� − ခ�င��ပလက�ဝ ၀န�ထမ��၂၀၀�က��� ��ပ�င���ရ��စ�တင� − AA ထံမ� လ�တ���မ�က�လ��သ� ယ����မ�င��မ���အ�� ဆက�လက�စစ��ဆ��န − ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန�� �ပင�ပ စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�ရ�� အခက�အခ� − ရခ��င� မင���ပ�� ��မ�မ�ပ�မ��င��က��လ��� လ� ၈ ဦ� ဒဏ�ရ�ရ − မင���ပ��န�� ပ�ဏ���က�န��မ�� �ပ�က�က��မ��တ���က�င�� အရပ�သ�� က����ယ�က� ဒဏ�ရ�ရ − ဘ��သ���တ�င�မ�� က�လ�တစ�ဦ� က�ည�ထ�မ�န�ဒဏ�ရ�ရ − မင���ပ��က �ပ��က�သ���သ�အခ����က�� �သဆ�ံ�လ�က��ပန��တ��၊ ရ��သ�� ၃ဦ�က�� �တ��၂ပတ��က����က�တ��အထ� ရ��မ�တ�� − RCSS အဖ���က ၎င��တ��� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�ထ���သ� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��မ���က�� တပ�မ�တ��ထံ လ����ပ�င���ပ�အပ�ခ���ပ�� ယခ�လ�ပ�ရပ���က�င�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ����င�� RCSS တ���အ�က�� ပ���ပ�င���ဆ�င�ရ�က�မ� ပ��မ��ခ��င�မ��စခ��ဟ� RCSS သတင��ထ�တ��ပန� − ဆ�ဆ��င��မ ���နယ�တ�င� �မ���တ��ယ����ပ�၌ သ��ဝ�က�သယ��ဆ�င�လ�သည�� က�ပ�သ�န�� ၉၀၀၀ တန�ဖ���ရ�� ဘ�န�����မ�န��မ��� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ� − ခ�င��မ��င�တ�င� စ�တ��က�မ�တဆင�� ပ����ဆ�င�မည�� စ�တ��က�ဆ� ၂ သ�န��ခန�� ဖမ��မ� − ICOE �န�က�ဆ�ံ� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�တ�င� လ�မ����တ�န�� သတ��ဖတ�မ� မခ��င�လ�ံ��က�င�� ပ�ရ�� − ICOE ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က� HRW �ဝဖန�တ�ံ��ပန�

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NCA-Signatory EAOs to Invite Non-Signatory EAOs to Peace Process Meeting By NETWORK MEDIA GROUP (NMG) | Monday, January 20, 2020

Leaders from ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) signatory to Burma’s Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) have announced that they will invite non-signatory armed groups to an upcoming meeting to discuss the framework of the peace process.

“We are going to invite our brothers to attend the coming framework meeting. We have already decided it,” Col Sai Nguen, a spokesperson from an implementation working team of the Peace Process Steering Team (PPST), told media outlets, referring to the EAOs outside of the NCA. “As a first step, we will definitely invite them to a framework preparation meeting. I think it will be a starting point.”

Col Sai Nguen made the statement during a press conference following a two-day PPST meeting from January 17-18.

The preparation meeting will be held after a meeting of working teams made up of NCA- signatory EAOs, the government, and the Burmese military. Col Sai Nguen speculated that this could be held at the end of January.

“We are going to hold a meeting as soon as possible. It depends on negotiations. After we approve the framework, we can move forward with the national level political dialogue and other processes. So it will be a starting point to open the path,” he explained at the press conference.

The PPST said that the peace process framework preparation meeting would take place before the convening of the fourth session of the Union Peace Conference (UPC) in late April.

PPST spokesperson Than Khe said that everyone affected should be involved in approving the framework for the UPC.

“To seek a workable framework, we have a responsibility as well as the government and Tatmadaw. Non-NCA EAOs have responsibility for it. It will depend on negotiations between all stakeholders,” Than Khe told NMG.

The PPST reportedly decided on five points during their recent meeting, one of which was to invite non-signatory EAOs to the upcoming framework preparation meeting. Other points included major issues of discussion in the UPC. It will be discussed further in the working teams meeting, tentatively scheduled for January 28.

Leaders of the 10 NCA-signatory EAOs attended the eight PPST meeting in Chiang Mai, Thailand. They include the All Burma Students Democratic Front, Arakan Liberation Party,

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Chin National Front, Democratic Karen Benevolent Army, Karen National Liberation Army- Peace Council, Karen National Union, New Mon State Party, Lahu Democratic Union, Pa-O National Liberation Organization, and the Restoration Council of .

http://www.nmg-news.com/2020/01/20/9827 ------

Myanmar’s National Dialogue Must Be for All NCA Signatories Ahead of Peace Summit, EAOs Say By Nyein Nyein | 20 January 2020 Delegates attend the 21st-century Panglong peace conference in September 2016 in Naypyitaw. / The Irrawaddy

Organizing a national-level political dialogue before the next peace conference will be one of the key issues to discuss during next week’s meeting between the government and the ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) that signed the nationwide ceasefire agreement (NCA).

The national dialogue began in 2017 but not all the signatories were able to convene. These included the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) because of objections from the Tatmadaw (military) about the location and the Arakan Liberation Party (ALP) in Rakhine State, citing security concerns.

The RCSS and ALP were missing from the dialogue in 2017 and 2018 and their input was therefore missing from the process to establish a federation.

With the formal peace process stalled, the national political dialogue has been abandoned for nearly two years.

Sai Ngern, the head of the EAOs’ negotiation team on the political dialogue framework and a secretary of the RCSS, said every NCA signatory “must be able to organize the national- level political dialogue under a new framework”.

“We tentatively plan it to be able to hold talks in late March. It will be on the agenda of the talks with the government on Jan. 28-29,” he told reporters after the 10 NCA signatories’ Peace Process Steering Team (PPST) meeting in Chiang Mai on Saturday.

He said the EAOs believed every group should organize a national-level political dialogue, as the recommendations from the consultations are passed to the Union Peace Conference (UPC) for consideration when developing federal principles.

The groups said they needed to negotiate in what form and where the dialogue can be held ahead of the fourth 21st-Century Panglong UPC, which is due no later than April.

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The Joint Implementation Coordination Meeting (JICM) on Jan. 8 saw the government and EAOs agree eight points to further implement the peace process to establish a stronger ceasefire and pledge to continue to negotiate in finding ways to move forward in building a federal union.

The JICM, which was led by State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, Deputy Commander-in- Chief Vice-Senior General Soe Win and RCSS chairman General Yawd Serk, also agreed to implement interim arrangements from the NCA text. They planned to further prepare and establish a model for what to include in part three of the Union Accord, which will be discussed at the UPC.

Among the agreements made at the JICM were to convene the next UPC early this year; to form a working committee to ensure common understanding of the NCA terms and definitions; to ensure NCA non-signatories are included in the peace process; and to start the Union Peace Dialogue Joint Committee (UPDJC) and Joint Ceasefire Monitoring Committee (JMC) meetings.

The PPST leaders said negotiators were to work on the key federal principles that can be agreed at the next UPC, added U Than Khe, the chair of the All Burma Students’ Democratic Front, an NCA signatory.

The negotiations with the government will also cover the drafting framework for the political dialogue and how to work together on the participation of the NCA non-signatories.

Sai Ngern reiterated that the PPST leaders also focused discussions on the inclusion of the non-NCA signatories in the peace process because “inclusivity is vital, as the peace process cannot be achieved with only 10 EAOs”.

He added: “Therefore, we had been finding ways to include our brothers in the process. We talked about it in the JICM and in the PPST discussions. We are in talks with the government’s Peace Commission, who also have talks with the non-NCA signatories and we need to link both of our approaches together. So far, we plan to invite our brothers [non- NCA signatories] to join the talks on drafting the political dialogue framework.”

Part of their efforts on inclusion have been that the PPST’s negotiation team and the non- signatories, such as the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) and the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), met to discuss the basic federal principles last Monday in Chiang Mai, according to sources.

The KNPP, KIO and other members of the Northern Alliance, of which the KIO is a member, are holding peace talks with the government.

These groups were negotiating to reach “the bilateral ceasefire agreements without pre- conditions”, General Gun Maw of the KIO told The Irrawaddy last week. “Only after it is signed, will the issues of the return of internally displaced people and the NCA be discussed.”

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The political dialogue framework is also key to starting the national-level dialogue, and non- signatories joined the framework-drafting meeting in 2018.

Later this week, the RCSS is due to hold talks with the Tatmadaw ahead of the Jan. 28 negotiations, according to Sai Ngern. The PPST leaders also said the Karen National Union would meet the Tatmadaw.

The New Mon State Party had talks with the military, which withdrew troops from an outpost at the Three Pagodas Pass on the Thai border on Jan. 8, according to Nai Ong Ma Nge of the NMSP. “It helps to build trust with the Tatmadaw,” he said. https://www.irrawaddy.com/opinion/analysis/myanmars-national-dialogue-must-nca- signatories-ahead-peace-summit-eaos-say.html ------

National-level political talk to hold in March Published 20 January 2020 | Min Naing Soe PPST meeting held in Thailand (Photo-NCA-S EAO)

Ethnic armed groups are expecting to hold national-level political talk in March and they will discuss with the government at the meeting planned to hold at the end of January, said Col. Sai Ngin, the team leader of Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement – Signatory, Ethnic Armed Organizations, the Union Peace Dialogue Joint Committee (NCA-S EAO UPDJC).

Meeting of the Peace Process Steering Team (PPST) was held at Chiang Mai on January 17 and 18 and Col. Sai Ngin talked about national-level political talk in the press conference held after the meeting.

The national-level political talk can be held with three stages: ethnic level political talk, regional level political talk and fact-sheet level political talk and ethnic armed groups, which signed the nationwide ceasefire agreement (NCA), will lead the ethnic level political talk.

However the military restricted some locations and number of people to attend ethnic level political talk and some of the ethnic armed groups faced difficulties to participate in the talk.

Although there are ten ethnic armed groups, which signed the NCA, some of the ethnic armed groups cannot hold the ethnic level political talk.

“We have to hold the national-level political talk if we want to hold 21st Century Panglong – Union Peace Conference. The NCA needs public meetings and national-level political talks. The ethnic armed groups and representatives of government and army will make a negotiation to hold the national-level political talks,” said Ye Baw Than Khae, Chairman of

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the All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF), which is one of the members of the PPST.

https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/national-level-political-talk-to-hold-in-march ------

Two Myanmar Constitution Amendment Bills Agreed by NLD, Ethnic Parties By San Yamin Aung | 20 January 2020 Thousands gather in Mandalay on July 21, 2019, to show their solidarity with the parliamentary Constitution Amendment Committee. / Zaw Zaw / The Irrawaddy

YANGON — Myanmar’s parliamentary committee tasked with proposing changes to the 2008 Constitution has finished drafting two amendment bills.

Nearly 30 members from the National League for Democracy (NLD) and various ethnic parties on the committee approved the amendment bills on Monday. But all military representatives on the committee were absent from the meeting, said the committee’s secretary U Myat Nyana Soe, an Upper House lawmaker from the NLD.

The Constitution Amendment Committee — the mechanism that the NLD and ethnic parties chose for reforming the military-drafted Constitution — was formed last February with 45 members from 14 political parties, independent representatives and members of the military bloc in Parliament.

The NLD holds 18 seats on the committee, the military has eight and the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) was given two.

The USDP, Arakan National Party and the National United Democratic Party quit the committee late last year. The military rejected the existence of the committee and its works as unconstitutional.

Meanwhile, the military members submitted two amendment bills and three bills jointly with the USDP to the Parliament last year.

U Myat Nyana Soe said the two new bills came from 11 months of discussion within the committee.

He says he hopes the military will participate in the parliamentary discussions on the bills.

The two bills will be forwarded to the speaker on Thursday.

The first bill includes amendments that would be covered by Article 436(a), requiring approval by more than 75 percent of Parliament and over 50 percent support in a

Page 7 of 73 referendum. The second bill includes measures covered by Article 436 (b), requiring the approval of over 75 percent of Parliament but no referendum.

“The military was absent from the committee. Our stance is that we want to amend the Constitution,” said Lower House lawmaker Lama Naw Aung of the Kachin State People’s Party, who is on the committee.

He added that he was satisfied with the committee’s step towards amending the Constitution.

Yan Kyin Kan, a Lower House MP for the Kokang Democracy and Unity Party, endorsed the two bills.

“No country’s constitution is perfect the first time. We need to amend the charter to continue the country’s transition to democracy,” he said.

But the committee member said he feared the committee’s efforts to amend the Constitution depended on key players’ willingness to reform, referring to the military’s veto over constitutional change.

The military members hold 25 percent of parliamentary seats and can prevent significant amendments.

With contributions from Kyaw Myo in Naypyitaw https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/two-myanmar-constitution-amendment-bills- agreed-by-nld-ethnic-parties.html ------

Kachin Community Demands Truth and Justice Five Years After Teachers’ Murder By NETWORK MEDIA GROUP (NMG) | Monday, January 20, 2020

Family members of two Kachin volunteer schoolteachers who were raped and murdered five years ago in northern Shan State have demanded that locals and the authorities continue to pursue justice in the case, for which no perpetrators have been arrested.

Maran Lu Ra and Tangbau Hkawn Nan Tsin were killed on January 19, 2015 in Kawng Hka village in Muse District. A memorial service was held at Jor Bum Mountain in Myitkyina, Kachin State this Sunday.

Dr. Hkalam Samson, the chairperson of the Kachin Baptist Convention (KBC), said that it has been difficult to move forward in the case because witnesses have fearful of speaking out.

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“We encourage local villagers in Kawng Hka village… If they tell the truth [about what happened], we can file a lawsuit in court. The village headman and the villagers are really afraid to tell the truth. That’s why we can’t do anything,” Dr. Hkalam Samson told NMG, adding that the respective authorities from the area also need to participate in the investigation.

San Lon, the sister of victim Maran Lu Ra, said that she remains unhappy with where the case lies now.

“Lu Ra and Hkawn Nan Tsin were raped and killed…. I want to tell Daw Suu to seek the truth in this murder case,” San Lon said, referring to State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi.

Lu Bu, Tangbau Nan Tsin’s mother also wants answers.

“It’s already been five years. As a mother, I feel so upset because we cannot seek the truth. I want to urge all people to pray that we will have the truth one day,” she told NMG. “They were tortured and killed. I feel so upset for these two daughters. This incident occurred because someone did it. We want the truth to prevent this kind of incident in the future.”

The KBC has said that all evidence has been held by the police and no updates on the murders have been issued, despite efforts by the Shan State Kachin Lawyers Group, which has acted as a truth-seeking committee over the last two years.

“The lawyer network tried to talk with the commander of the military column in but they couldn’t ask him any questions. After that, the case lost momentum,” Dr. Hkalam Samson said. “The lawyer network also tried to question the commander of the military column through a third-party but the prosecutor dismissed it. Since the time, there has been no improvement.”

The Kachin Women’s Association – Thailand (KWAT) has repeatedly said that there must be an independent justice system to resolve human rights abuses that have occurred in northern Shan State, Kachin State and other ethnic regions.

“We want to demand that the NLD (National League for Democracy) government seek the truth in this case and for an independent justice system to investigate this case. To take legal action against perpetrators, there must be independent justice system and an investigation. A justice system that seeks the truth must make a determination about it,” KWAT spokesperson San Htoi, told NMG.

She added that KWAT has documented other cases similar to the murders in Kawng Hka in northern Shan State in their report released earlier this year.

“We have demanded that the Tamadaw to stop all military operations. Respective authorities must allow an independent investigation into this case. The investigation team must have full authority to investigate whoever is suspected, including the Tatmadaw,” San Htoi explained.

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According to KBC, the truth-seeking committee demanded that the Shan State police investigate the commander and soldiers in the military column that stayed in the village when the rapes and murders occurred, but the committee has not been able to question any suspects.

The Shan State police have said that they looked into 10 villagers and 28 soldiers and took DNA samples as part of their investigation.

A state-run newspaper reported on January 29, 2015—just 10 days after the murders occurred—that the Tatmadaw would take action against anyone who accused its soldiers of committing such crimes

http://www.nmg-news.com/2020/01/20/9833 ------

President Xi Jinping visit and ethnic nationalities’ take on BRI By Sai Wansai - January 20, 2020 China’s President Xi Jinping’s two-day Myanmar visit from 17 to 18 is remarkable in a sense of heightening bilateral relationship concerning the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), although no “big bang” sort of agreement as speculated has been reached. President Xi Jinping of China and his counterpart in Myanmar, Win Myint, during a welcome ceremony at the Presidential Palace in Naypyidaw, Myanmar, on Friday.Credit…Ann Wang/Reuters

However, the bilateral relationship could be seen as stable and even deepening as the State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi and the Chinese president witnessed the 33 exchange of the agreements, memorandum of understanding (MOU) and documents between Myanmar and China.

“Both sides agreed to step up BRI cooperation and promote the three pillars of the China- Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC), namely the Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone, Myanmar-China Border Economic Cooperation Zones, and new urban development of Yangon City as well as framework infrastructure projects of connectivity such as roads, railways, electric power and energy. Both sides agreed to designate the year 2020 as “Myanmar-China Year of Culture and Tourism””, according to the Myanmar Ministry of Foreign Affairs announcement, on 18 January 2020.

The said announcement wrote: “The Chinese side supports the efforts of the Myanmar side to advance the national reconciliation and peace process through political dialogue based on the spirit of Panglong Conference. The Myanmar side appreciates the positive and constructive support extended by the Chinese side to the process.”

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In addition: “The Chinese side also supports the efforts of Myanmar to address the humanitarian situation, and to promote peace, stability and development for all communities in Rakhine State. Myanmar reiterated its commitment to receive verified displaced persons based on the bilateral agreement reached between Myanmar and . Myanmar thanked China for its understanding of the complexity of the issue and for all its support to Myanmar.”

Surprisingly, the controversial Myitsone Dam project was not mentioned during the two-day Chinese president visit.

Concerning the Chinese president visit, opinions differed quite a lot between the ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), that haven’t sign the nationwide ceasefire agreement (NCA) with the government based on the opposite side of the China border in northern Shan State, and the non-Bamar ethnic civil society organizations (CSOs) from Kachin, Shan and Arakan (Rakhine) states, including various ethnic political parties (EPPs).

All four members of the rebel Northern Alliance-Burma (NA-B), the Arakan Army (AA), Kachin Independence Army (KIA), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) — which are in armed conflict with the government troops in Arakan, Kachin, and northern Shan states, issued statements welcoming Chinese president’s visit.

All supported the BRI, although Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), political wing of the KIA, in its statement didn’t mention the BRI projects, emphasized that bilateral agreements might help settle Kachin state’s civil war and boost security in unstable border areas. The KIO statement also made suggested appeal that President Xi should take into consideration the diverse opinions of different ethnic groups and organizations, including lending them necessary passionate support.

But the KIA didn’t mention the controversial Myitsone Dam project in its statement and the AA also failed to give any opinion on Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone, which is one of the three main pillars of BRI cooperation between the China and Myanmar.

The opinion of AA, TNLA and the United Wa State Army (UWSA), the strongest with some 30,000 troopers, in their statements readily agreed that BRI projects and the CMEC would benefit the ethnic local people. The UWSA even stated in its statement that the BRI projects would improve Myanmar’s outdated economy, trade, and infrastructure.

Moreover, the UWSA indicated that the northern Myanmar peace process problem is linked to the development of Myanmar-China and people to people bilateral relationships. In this respect the UWSA is determined to strive for appropriate, effective, practical, political solution to resolve the northern Myanmar peace process problematic, according to its statement.

TNLA spokesman Colonel Mai Aik Kyaw hoped that the BRI projects would be successful and benefit the people.

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He reasoned his endorsement saying: “Mainly, the BRI projects that cuts through northern Shan if successful will benefit the local people. I see it like this.”

“The main thing is the people have to really benefit from it. Those who are negatively affected would have to be justly compensated. My view is China cannot be responsible on such matters and it is solely the burden of the (Myanmar) government,” he added.

Meanwhile, the Kachin, Shan and Arakan CSOs issued statements of their own calling on President Xi to stop the BRI projects in their respective areas.

Likewise, the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD) also released a statement on China-Myanmar economic cooperation in general, pointing out the likelihood of more conflict if project implementations were to be carried out by the central government without the consent of the local people and concerned ethnic state parliaments.

SNLD spokesman Sai Leik said as the implementation are closely linked to the land use and likelihood of land confiscation for planned BRI projects, problems and conflicts are bound to happen.

“If high-speed rail including motor road will be built from northern Shan to Mandalay, all land along the planned road network will be confiscated. Nobody could be certain regarding the land confiscation, the local people might find themselves in trouble under the new law on vacant land [Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Land Management Law (VFV Land Law)],” he explained.

“These are the concerns and problems that the people might be facing tomorrow and they are glaring examples”

In the same vein, on January 16, the United Nationalities Alliance, which has some 15 EPPs as members, issued a five-point statement on how environmental and societal sustenance could be achieved concerning investment and project implementation.

Myanmar students hold Myanmar and Chinese flags as they welcome Chinese President Xi Jinping outside of the airport in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, January 17, 2020. REUTERS/Ann Wang

They are: affirmative consent of the people; regarding union-wide projects securing people’s inputs, transparency and including wide public awareness distribution; without agreement from the local people no project is to be undertaken; only after environmentally challenged solutions and mechanism are in place, should the project be accepted and implemented; and opinions of concerned political parties, local organizations and people in feasibility, confirmation, field studies and trials have to be sought.

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Taken into account of the unfolding scenarios before and the aftermath of the Chinese president visit, the questions arise as to why the EAOs readily endorsed the BRI, without much questions, but the CSOs and the EPPs roundly rejected it.

The answer is simple enough. The EAOs that have not yet sign the NCA are stationed along the China border and all have to rely on China from provisions, ammunition to armament and not to mention the political support in the deliberation of peace talks with the Myanmar government. Thus, it is not a wonder that they have to welcome the BRI and fall in line with the regional power, which now is fast becoming a super power.

The CSOs and the EPPs on the other hand are locally based and who know first hand the grievances of the population. Apart from that the central union government calling the shots without the ethnic states population’s consent and non-participation in decision- making process in mega and minor economics and infrastructure projects alike, are hardly in line with the aspirations of a federal union.

All in all, the 33 MOU signed are not a contract as yet. And as such a lot of alteration and changes will definitely take place in the aftermath of the 2020 national elections.

Meanwhile, China will just have to be satisfied with the launching of Myanmar-China Culture and Tourism Year 2020 to celebrate the 70th Anniversary of the Establishment of Myanmar-China Diplomatic Relations.

Who knows, “the promotion of people-to-people exchanges and closer collaboration and coordination in both regional and multilateral fora on issues of mutual interest” will bring positive outcomes, rather than just only negative rejection from ethnic population, who mostly are saddled with the BRI mega projects.

https://english.shannews.org/archives/20255 ------

Myanmar, China sign 33 MoUs, agreements Published 19 January 2020 A meeting between Myanmar and China takes place at the Presidential Residence in Nay Pyi Taw. (Photo-MOI)

Myanmar and China signed 33 memorandum of understanding (MoUs), agreements, protocols and exchange letters, including concession agreement and shareholder’s agreement of Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone Deep Sea Port Project, at the Presidential Residence in the capital city, Nay Pyi Taw, on January 18.

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At a meeting between Myanmar State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Chinese President Xi Jinping on January 18, both sides cordially exchanged views on peace and development of Myanmar, the inclusion of non-NCA signatories in the peace process after signing the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement, the establishment of China-Myanmar Economic corridor, successful implementation of Kyaukphyu special economic zone and deep sea port project, China-Myanmar economic zone and New Yangon Project, development of industrial, electricity, transport, agriculture, investment and trade sectors in Myanmar, export of Myanmar’s products, further promotion of people-to-people relations, Paukphaw relations, and establishment of a community sharing weal and woe, according to a statement by the Information Ministry.

During the two-day visit, Chinese President Xi Jinping also met with Myanmar President U Win Myint and Commander-in-Chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing separately.

In a talk with Chinese President Xi Jinping, Commander-in-Chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing said Myanmar is the closest neighbouring country of China in OBOR projects but not the country in a far distance. If these projects are beneficial to Myanmar, the country will have improvement by bringing satisfaction to the people with contribution to peace process. All ethnics need to understand the fact that the peace process can be undertaken in accordance with the law. He requested the President to urge them. No country will accept terror acts and riots opposing the peace and stability of the State. Likewise, armed terrorist attacks against the government cannot be accepted. The Tatmadaw will make cooperation for the establishment of a community with a shared future and the interest of the people, as much as it can, according to the Office of Commander-in-Chief.

The Chinese President said it is important to maintain Paukphaw relations for improvement of bilateral relations and enhance cooperation in border region as both countries are sharing more than 2,000 miles long border. He does not accept the acts of any organization to harm Myanmar by utilizing the territory of China. Some accuse China of providing arms and ammunition to armed organizations in Myanmar but China never does so. As these organizations can get them through other ways, China will carefully scrutinize it and solve such problem. The Chinese President also pledged to continuously support Myanmar in the international community, according to the Office of Commander-in-Chief.

During the two-day visit, Chinese President Xi Jinping also attended the ceremony to mark the 70th anniversary of the establishment of China-Myanmar diplomatic relations and the launch of bilateral cultural, tourism year.

Xi’s visit is the first state trip to Myanmar by a Chinese President in 19 years.

https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/myanmar-china-sign-33-mous-agreements ------

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China inks deal with Myanmar on 33 MoUs including Kyaukphyu and Yangon development projects By Than Htike Aung | 19 January 2020 Chinese President Xi Jinping (L) attends the meeting with Myanmar State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi (not in picture) during their meeting at president house in Naypyitaw Myanmar, 17 January 2020. Photo: President's Office/EPA

During his visit to Myanmar, Chinese President Xi Jinping signed 33 Memorandum of Understanding agreements, protocols and exchanges including the Kyaukphyu and Yangon development projects.

The 33 MoUs, Agreements, Protocols and Exchanges are as follows:

1. Concession Agreement and Shareholders’ Agreement of Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone and Deep-Sea port Project 2. Handing over of the Muse-Mandalay Feasibility Report 3. Handing over and Receipt of Detailed Feasibility Reports of Mandalay-Tigyaing-Muse Expressway and Kyaukphyu-Naypyitaw Highway 4. Letter of Intent regarding New Urban Development of Yangon City 5. MoU of Feasibility Study for Yangon River Estuary West Bank Protection Project 6. Feasibility Study for Mandalay-Bagan Railway Line Project 7. Letter of Intent for the acceleration of Mee Lin Gyaing Integrated LNG Power Project 8. MoU on Conducting Feasibility Study of the Myanmar-China Power Interconnection Project 9. Exchange Letter for the Feasibility Study on the China-aided resettlement project for Internally Displaced Persons in Kachin State 10. MoU on Accelerating Negotiation on the Framework Agreement on the China- Myanmar Muse-Ruili Cross Border Economic Cooperation Zone 11. Implementation Agreement for Procurement of Passenger Coaches by Interest Free Loan 12. Implementation Agreement for the Bridge Project 13. MoU of Feasibility Study for Watalone Tunnel Project 14. Exchange Letter for the Feasibility Study on 3-year Development Plan of Border Areas 15. Protocol on Plant Inspection and Quarantine Requirements for Exporting Rice from Myanmar to China 16. Protocol on Quarantine Health Requirements for Slaughtering Bovine to be exported to China from Myanmar 17. Protocol for Heat Processed Cocoon to be imported from Myanmar to China 18. Exchange Letter for the Project of Agricultural Product Quality Control Centre 19. Exchange Letter for the Project of Hybrid Rice Research Centre 20. MoU on the Establishment of the Working Group for the Promotion of Smooth Trade Page 15 of 73

21. MoU on Local Cooperation under the Framework of Joint Building China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) between the Yunnan Province and Mandalay Region 22. Implementation of the China-aided Upgrading of No. 2 Industrial Training Centre Mandalay Project 23. MoU on Enhancing Infrastructure Development Cooperation 24. MoU on Promoting Production Capacity and Investment Cooperation 25. MoU on Human Resources Development Cooperation 26. MoU between the two Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar and China on Strengthening Cooperation 27. Agreement on Mutual Provision of Embassy Land and Buildings 28. Handover Certificate of the Yangon Police Command Centre 29. Exchange Letter for the Provision of 6 Patrol Boats to the Myanmar Police Force 30. MoU on Cooperation between Chinese and Myanmar Football Federations 31. MoU on the Establishment of Province/Region Friendship between Yunnan Province and Yangon Region 32. Agreement on Cooperation between National Radio and Television Administration of China and Ministry of Information of Myanmar 33. MoU on Co-organizing the Myanmar Day of 2020 Lancang-Mekong TV Week http://www.mizzima.com/article/china-inks-deal-myanmar-33-mous-including-kyaukphyu- and-yangon-development-projects ------

Taiwan rebukes Myanmar over joint statement with Xi John Liu | 20 Jan 2020 Daw Aung San Suu Kyi talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping during their meeting at president house in Nay Pyi Taw. Photo: EPA

Taiwan’s government issued a sharp rebuke to a Myanmar-China joint statement that called the island territory of the People’s Republic of China.

“The Myanmar side reiterates its firm commitment to the One China Policy and supports the efforts of China to resolve the issues of Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang, which are inalienable parts of the People’s Republic of China,” said the Chinese-language edition of the joint statement as President Xi Jinping wrapped up his Myanmar visit over the weekend.

The English and Myanmar-versions of the statement referred to the three regions simply as “inalienable parts of China”, eschewing the term “the People’s Republic.” But neither governments have clarified the discrepancy in terminology by press time.

The statement drew strongly-worded condemnation and criticisms from Taipei.

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“China’s push for ‘one-China policy’ would not benefit cross-Strait relations, but damage regional stability, which is not a move welcomed by the international society,” said Taiwan president spokesperson Ernesto Ting on Sunday.

The island’s foreign affairs ministry also “solemnly protests the joint statement issued by China and Myanmar on January 18, in which Myanmar reaffirmed the so-called ‘one-China principle’ and categorised Taiwan as an inalienable part of the People's Republic of China's territory,” said ministry spokesperson Joanne Ou.

The two major political parties in Taiwan, the Democratic Progressive Party and Kuomintang, have both criticised the China-Myanmar joint statement.

Xi Jinping’s visit to Myanmar is the first of any Chinese leader in 19 years and coincides with the 70th anniversary of formal diplomatic recognition between Communist China and its Southeast Asian neighbour.

The two neighbouring countries had a frayed relationship since U Thein Sein suspended the Beijing-backed Myitsone dam project, which has been very unpopular in Kachin State and within Myanmar. But since the Rakhine crisis drew international condemnation, particularly from European countries and the US, Myanmar has pivoted cautiously back towards its giant neighbour as Beijing actively defends Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s government in the UN.

In a typical diplomatic statement that involves China, Beijing would normally demand the other party to reaffirm its commitment to “one-China principle”, which China regards as its core interest. The principle assumed that the Communist government represents the whole of China, which includes Taiwan. On the other hand, the US and most of the Western countries have their own set of “one-China policy” that differs from Beijing’s interpretation.

Under its official name “Republic of China”, Taiwan governs itself with its own democratically elected government and military, while holding official ties with 15 countries. China, however, seeks “reunification” with the island country, by force if necessary. Taiwan has never been under the control of the Communist regime.

This month, incumbent president Tsai Ing-wen secured her second term in a handsome victory, which was seen as a rebuff against increasing Chinese encroachment on the island.

https://www.mmtimes.com/news/taiwan-rebukes-myanmar-over-joint-statement-xi.html ------

Xi says China never sells weapons to Myanmar armed groups Swe Lei Mon | 19 Jan 2020

President Xi Jinping has rejected accusations the Chinese government has sold and supplied weapons to ethnic armed groups in Myanmar’s northernmost area, some of whom have weapons that can match the country’s armed forces.

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Fighters of United Wa State Army display their weapons during the 30th anniversary celebrations of the signing of truce with the government last year. Photo: Aung Khant/The Myanmar Times

“Many have accused China of supplying the weapons to the armed groups. It's not true. There was no supply of ammunition," Xi assured Senior General Min Aung Hlaing during their meeting in Nay Pyi Taw on Saturday before he returned to Beijing after a two-day visit to Myanmar.

"We don't accept any actions of any organisations using the Chinese territory with the aim of attempting to harm Myanmar,” he added.

Xi promised the country’s military chief that the Chinese government will make sure to resolve the problems of smuggling of weapons to Myanmar ethnic armed groups passing through Chinese territory.

But Myanmar analysts took Xi’s statement with a grain of salt.

In 2018 November, the Tatmadaw seized more than 40,000 ammunition including ground- to-air-missiles from the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) in Homain village in Namsan Township. The Tatmadaw claimed that most of the weapons seized were China-made.

U Min Zaw Oo, executive director of Myanmar Institute for Peace and Security, said that while China has a policy of non-intervention in the affairs of other countries, most of the weapons used by the Myanmar ethnic armed groups operating near Chinese border are made in China.

"There are two ways of arms trade,” he said. “Authorities of Yunnan Province and the armed groups might have economic connections. Some corrupt authorities might sell the arms to the groups. Another way is allowing the trade of arms in the black market," he said.

Political analysts pointed out that China has big influence on the armed groups, especially those operating close to its border.

A week before Xi's two-day visit, Sun Guo Xiang, China’s special envoy for Asian affairs, met with northern Myanmar based armed groups including Kachin Independent Organisation (KIO) and Arakan Army (AA) in Laiza, Kachin State and all of them started talking peace.

Xi arrived in Myanmar on Saturday and witnessed the signing of 33 agreements spanning infrastructure, power and trade. He also met with State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and other senior government officials

However, no progress was made on the development of the Myitsone dam in Kachin State as well as finding a solution for frequent disruptions in trade at Muse, the border town

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between Myanmar and China. The two sides did not provide information on how China would move forward with snail-pace peace negotiations with several armed ethnic groups.

Among the deals signed were a concession agreement and shareholders’ agreement for the deep-sea port in Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone, an important asset in the China- Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC). The CMEC, in turn, is part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which spans several countries in Asia.

Development of the Kyaukphyu port in Rakhine State will enhance China’s presence in the Indian Ocean, allowing its oil imports to bypass the Strait of Malacca.

Kyaukphyu is already an important oil and gas hub for the Chinese, where pipelines through which oil produced in Myanmar is delivered and exported to China.

Myanmar and China also signed an agreement to accelerate negotiations on a framework for the China-Myanmar Ruili-Muse cross-border economic cooperation zone, including the acceleration of a US$2.6 billion Integrated LNG power project in Mee Laung Gyaing, Ayeyarwady, which will take place after a power purchase agreement is signed within the first three months of the year. The plant will produce up to 1390 megawatts of energy when it is complete.

The trip is Xi ‘s first to Myanmar as president and his first foreign visit this year. Jiang Zemin was the last Chinese president to visit Myanmar, when he signed several economic and border agreements in 2001.

Myanmar is a linchpin of China’s geopolitical ambitions. It offers access to the Indian Ocean that could allow its sizable oil and gas imports from the Persian Gulf to bypass going through the Strait of Malacca. It's also a bridge to South Asia and beyond in Beijing's ambitious Belt and Road Initiative to build railroads, highways, ports and other infrastructure connecting China with other points in Asia, Europe and Africa.

China serves as a no-questions-asked ally to Myanmar, giving it diplomatic cover as the country faces widespread condemnation over its human rights record. It is threatened with Western economic sanctions over a brutal counterinsurgency campaign that has driven more than 700,000 members of the country's Northern Rakhine Muslim minority to flee for safety in neighboring Bangladesh.

China for years has defended Myanmar in forums such as the United Nations, and Myanmar has returned the favor by following Beijing's positions on issue such as China’s claims over territory in the South China Sea.

More importantly, China as a top investor and trade partner of Myanmar, offers economic insurance if Western nations do impose sanctions. - With reports from The Associated Press

https://www.mmtimes.com/news/xi-says-china-never-sells-weapons-myanmar-armed- groups.html ------

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Chinese President’s Claim That Beijing Not Arming EAOs Met With Skepticism in Myanmar By Htet Naing Zaw | 20 January 2020 Myanmar military chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing and Chinese President Xi Jinping hold talks in Naypyitaw on Jan. 18, 2020. / Office of the Commander-in- Chief of Defense Services

NAYPYITAW—Political observers in Myanmar have responded with skepticism to Chinese President Xi Jinping’s claim that Beijing does not provide arms to non- state armed groups in Myanmar.

According to the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defense Services, in a meeting with Myanmar military chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing in Naypyitaw on Saturday, the visiting Chinese president said he does not accept any organization taking advantage of China’s territory to harm Myanmar, and accusations that China provides arms and ammunition to armed organizations in Myanmar are false.

However, the president reportedly said those organizations can get arms by other means, and promised to carefully probe and solve the problem.

Critics believe China is manipulating ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) based along the China-Myanmar border for political leverage over Myanmar.

“I don’t think Myanmar people believe what he [Xi] said,” U Ye Htun, a former Lower House lawmaker for Township, told The Irrawaddy.

“How can ethnic armed organizations in Myanmar possibly acquire advanced Chinese-made weapons including anti-aircraft weapons unless theyr’e provided by Beijing?” the former lawmaker asked.

China issued similar denials when it backed the now-defunct Communist Party of Burma, he said.

“Why does China have influence over organizations in [Myanmar’s] peace process? This doesn’t happen without a reason. How can they have influence if they don’t give support?” he asked.

Most of the arms and ammunition discovered in large caches of weapons seized from the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) by the Myanmar military (or Tatmadaw) in November last year—including RPGs and FN6 anti-aircraft launchers—were Chinese-made.

According to the Tatmadaw’s statement and photos, among the seized weapons were 39 M- 22 assault rifles, 29 medium machine guns, 69 M-21 assault rifles, nine M-16 assault rifles,

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16 RPG-7s, five RPG-2s, two 12-volt spotlights and one FN-6 shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile, plus 77 bags of TNLA uniforms, flags and military equipment.

“All weapons seized from the TNLA were Chinese-made except nine M-16 rifles,” said political analyst U Than Soe Naing.

EAOs are able to purchase arms from China, though the central Chinese government may not have a policy to directly sell arms to them, he said. U Than Soe Naing expressed doubts over President Xi’s ability to stamp out the apparent arms smuggling.

“This is a not a national policy; regional authorities and parts of the Chinese military must be involved,” said U Than Soe Naing, suggesting that the arms are smuggled into the country.

Among the EAOs in Myanmar, the United Wa State Army, Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army and National Democratic Alliance Army have very close ties to China, while the Kachin Independence Army also has ties.

China has repeatedly spoken of providing assistance to Myanmar’s peace process, and also made financial contributions to aid peace in Myanmar.

“The Chinese government says it doesn’t support the EAOs, but in reality, armed organizations in Wa State, Kokang and Mongla self-administered zones are armed with Chinese-made weapons,” said U Sai Tun Aye, a Lower House lawmaker from the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy.

Thought it does not officially support supplying EAOs with arms, it is possible that the Chinese central government turns a blind eye to the practice, the lawmaker said.

Director U Thein Tun Oo of the Thayninga Institute for Strategic Studies, a think tank formed by ex-military officers, said, “China will deny any support for the sake of diplomacy. The main question is why EAOs in northern Myanmar have surface-to-air missiles made in China.”

China might change its attitude toward the EAOs if the Myanmar government cooperates with it more closely in establishing the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor and other projects related to the Belt and Road Initiative, he said.

“[The Chinese president] denied accusations of China providing arms to EAOs in Myanmar, and said he would investigate whether [weapons are supplied to EAOs] by other means,” said military spokesperson Brigadier-General Zaw Min Tun.

According to the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defense Services, Sen-Gen Min Aung Hlaing said no country can accept terrorist acts and riots that threaten the peace and stability of the state. Likewise, armed terrorist attacks against the government cannot be accepted, he said

There was barely any fighting between the Myanmar military and the EAOs during the Chinese President’s two-day visit to Myanmar on Friday and Saturday.

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“It is good that China provides help. But I don’t like dependency on China, or the fact that China is involved in Myanmar’s peace process more than is necessary. I want [the Myanmar military and EAOs] to build mutual trust, and settle it themselves,” U Than Soe Naing said.

https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/chinese-presidents-claim-beijing-not-arming- eaos-met-skepticism-myanmar.html ------

What Will Xi Jinping’s Visit Mean for Myanmar’s Future?

By The Irrawaddy 19 January 2020

Kyaw Kha: Welcome to Dateline Irrawaddy! This week, we’ll discuss Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to Myanmar. I’m The Irrawaddy chief reporter Kyaw Kha and I’m joined by the head of the Chinese desk at ISP Myanmar [Institute for Strategy and Policy Myanmar] Ma Khin Khin Kyaw Kyee and political analyst and writer U Than Soe Naing.

There are mixed opinions about the Chinese president’s visit to Myanmar. Ma Khin Khin Kyaw Kyee, what do you think of the Chinese president’s interest in Myanmar, and what is the intention behind his visit?

Khin Khin Kyaw Kyee: Roughly speaking, his visit is a goodwill visit to mark the 70th anniversary of diplomatic ties between Myanmar and China. His visit is intended to cement the friendship between Myanmar and China. Whenever he visits [to foreign countries], he always pushes his One Belt One Road Initiative [OBOR]. There have been working group-level and ministerial-level discussions on the establishment of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor [CMEC]. Agreements will be signed during his visit to Myanmar. His visit is also intended to push the CMEC.

KK: So, are those agreements predetermined or not?

KKKK: The two sides agreed to establish the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor in 2017 and there have since been further discussions at different levels. Some MoUs [memoranda of understanding] on the economic corridor were signed in 2018 and there have been working- group level and ministerial-level discussions. The president has come to put the final touches on those discussions.

KK: Do you think the Chinese president will discuss the issue of the ethnic armed groups [EAOs] in northern Myanmar that have not signed truces with the government? The peace process is a major problem in the country.

Than Soe Naing: Yes, it is. But in my opinion, the two sides will discuss the issue but not reveal their discussions to the media. However, due to the importance of this issue, Mr. Sun Guoxiang [the Chinese Special Envoy for Asian Affairs] met all the members of the FPNCC

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[Federal Political Negotiation Consultative Committee] before the Chinese president’s visit. He asked them to ensure the security of the Chinese president during his visit. I heard that no members of the FPNCC have opposed the OBOR. The KIA [Kachin Independence Army] said that it would not disturb OBOR implementation in Kachin State, but it wants to levy tax on it. However, these issues are to be negotiated between them and the Myanmar government, but not with the Chinese government. I would guess that military tensions in northern Myanmar will ease to a certain extent after the visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping. But I hope that if Sun Guoxiang can push the ethnic armed groups in northern Myanmar to sign bilateral ceasefire agreements, peace can be achieved in 2020, except probably not in Rakhine State.

KK: China has planned strategically regarding its projects in Myanmar. Does the Myanmar side think strategically in response? What is your assessment?

KKKK: We know well what China wants. For example, the purpose of the CMEC is for southwestern parts of China to gain access to the Indian Ocean via Myanmar. That’s why it has proposed establishing the Kyaukphyu deep-sea port and the Mandalay-Muse railroad. On the Myanmar side, studying the discussions [of Myanmar authorities], they say those projects will create jobs and improve infrastructure.

But we need to think about what types of job opportunities we want to create and if we have any vision about how to make use of the infrastructure. China views our country as a transit country. It has plans to export its products via Myanmar to the Indian Ocean. So, let’s see if Myanmar has any strategic thinking beyond that. According to our [ISP Myanmar’s] study, Myanmar barely ever thinks strategically. Usually, Myanmar makes decisions ad hoc, only aiming to solve immediate problems.

KK: Do you think departments in the Myanmar government have capacity to effectively minimize environmental and social impacts of projects for the BRI [Belt and Road Initiative, the current name for OBOR]?

KKKK: Our country has regularly experienced difficulties and challenges, including land disputes and environmental impacts from handling mega projects. It is very likely that land disputes will arise in the confiscation of land for mega projects. Looking at the past, it wasn’t possible to handle those issues effectively. [The government] may have had the will to handle them, but they lacked experience and there are many challenges and difficulties in practice. I think the government has to take extra caution in handling possible land disputes in BRI projects. Mistakes are inevitable in handling such mega projects, so rather than implementing all the projects at once, we should start one-by-one and improve each one based on the lessons and experiences from the previous one. It is the best option for us to go step-by-step, and conduct a review before doing each subsequent step. On the other hand, China wants to start the projects rapidly. Striking a balance between these two will be a major challenge for Myanmar.

KK: Some EAOs in northern Myanmar recently held talks with Sun Guoxiang. I saw reports that the Chinese envoy put pressure on them to establish ceasefires.

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TSN: Sun Guoxiang will push for it. Ground surveys have basically been conducted for the Muse-Mandalay railroad project. If construction is to begin, it is important that there is stability in northern areas. Some EAOs like the KIA have said they will tax the parts in their area. However, I think those are not topics to be discussed with the Chinese government. They should discuss those with the Myanmar government. Those have nothing to do with the Chinese president’s visit. China is eager to implement the project, so the Chinese president will come and tangible work is set to start.

EAOs in northern Myanmar have to make peace and Sun Guoxiang will definitely push them. Previously, those groups operated on the border and impacted China. As a result, China drove them further into Myanmar. They rely on Sun Guoxiang to represent their interests. But personally, I don’t like such thinking. Of course, we do need China’s help but I want [the EAOs] to build mutual trust and understanding with the Myanmar government and military and work for peace rather than relying on China.

KK: Some suggest that the Chinese envoy met some EAOs based in northern Myanmar at Laiza, the headquarters of the KIO [Kachin Independence Organization, the political arm of the KIA] to ensure the security of the Chinese president during his visit. Wasn’t this also because of BRI projects? What is your view?

KKKK: I noticed three things regarding his meeting with them. The first is, as you two have said, he might have asked them to behave themselves during the Chinese president’s visit. Also, Jan. 23 is Chinese New Year. China does want to see fighting at the border during its New Year, so he might have asked them for that. The third thing is about the BRI. China has a vested interest in Myanmar’s peace process partly due to its border stability and partly due to BRI projects. For China to successfully implement its BRI projects, there must be stability in ethnic areas on the border. Some projects are set to be signed off for implementation during the Chinese president’s visit. The Chinese envoy came and held discussions with the EAOs to make sure the conflicts in northern Myanmar do not affect China’s fundamental interests.

KK: Do you think China has strategic considerations regarding EAOs in Myanmar? Some critics suggest that China is using the EAOs to push for a give-and-take with the Myanmar government: Chinese projects in Myanmar in exchange for peace. What is your view on this?

TSN: I don’t assume China is using them strategically but they will be included in its plans. China doesn’t usually take EAOs into consideration. For example, when we held talks with SPIC [State Power Investment Corporation of China], we asked whether the company could implement the hydropower project upstream from Myitsone because people in Myanmar have negative feelings about the construction of a dam at Myitsone. The company officials said they could, but the Myanmar government and military told them that they could not take responsibility for that because that area is under the control of the KIA. We asked them if the KIA would disturb their work and they said they don’t know and that they don’t traditionally hold direct talks with them [EAOs] on national-level projects. So, in the case of taxation proposed by EAOs, China would just raise the issue with the Myanmar government and not negotiate with the EAOs.

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But tactically, China listens to their voices. Sun Guoxiang has met and talked with them before Xi’s visit. To us, peace is a big issue. But for China, it just negotiates with EAOs to protect its OBOR. It is just a tactic, but not a strategic step like you suggested. But then, things can slide into chaos around major political turning points. Chinese troops of various kinds entered Myanmar in 1968 under the influence of the Cultural Revolution. In that case, it will become a strategic issue. But for the time being, China has no strategic plans regarding the EAOs.

KK: The Myanmar government said it will assess the projects against the yardstick of the MSDP [Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan]. But the question is whether the MSDP is comprehensive enough. What is your view?

KKKK: The MSDP focuses on various sectors from peace and environment to welfare at the grass-roots. It is good to have a basic guideline for implementing projects. The MSDP will serve as a guideline for Myanmar to avoid repeating its past mistakes in implementing projects. The question is how much we will be able to put the guideline into practice. We will wait and see, but for the time being, there are weaknesses in applying this guideline. The MSDP is good, but I doubt we have the capacity to fully implement it.

Many point out the lack of transparency of projects. People are not well-informed about the projects. The MSDP requires public consultations [for implementing projects]. But there are still many restrictions that prevent meaningful consultations and meaningful public participation. There will be a lot of things that we have to learn as we go. I think we need to greatly enhance the capacity to be able to implement the MSDP.

KK: Some say that China attaches importance to Myanmar because of its outlet to the Indian Ocean. How important is it for China to gain access to the Indian Ocean in terms of establishing its regional influence?

TSN: I don’t think China focuses on regional influence. It wants Myanmar for the transit, I think. It said it will establish industrial zones [on the Myanmar-China border]. But we don’t know exactly what types of industrial zones will be built. Secondary industries from China or Myanmar that will try to produce value-added products for export from resources and raw materials? As Daw Khin Khin Kyaw Kyee said, I think the Myanmar side doesn’t have specific plans. Again, as to the question of China’s regional influence, Myanmar is just for transit, but transit is important strategically. It is transit that will link two oceans and it is very important for underdeveloped southwestern areas of China. Again, China will no longer use the Strait of Malacca, which it currently uses to import 80 percent of its oil from the Arabian Sea—it will only import oil through Myanmar. It is building a safe trade route. So, as to the question of its regional influence, we will have to wait and see later depending on its actions. But for the time being, it is trying to gain access to the Indian Ocean, export its products to West Asia and safely import oil from there. This is its major objective for now, I assume.

KKKK: We need to view this in connection with regional and global perspectives on China. Until the early 2000s, China focused mainly on resources in Myanmar. But around 2003, then-Chinese President Hu Jintao spoke of the Malacca Dilemma: China views the Strait of Malacca between Malaysia and Singapore as a vulnerable route and wants to reduce the

Page 25 of 73 country’s dependence on it, so it sought other possible routes and found that access to the Indian Ocean through Myanmar could be of help. Since then, access to the Indian Ocean through Myanmar has been a part of China’s strategic thinking. It is intended for defensive purpose, to protect its interests.

But again, there has been increased rivalry between China and the US in the region, so it has become important for China to be able to effectively access the Indian Ocean and Myanmar has become important in its strategic thinking. My view is that Myanmar has become an important spot in the region due to its strategic importance to China. So Myanmar needs to manage the rivalry well. If not, there is a high possibility that we may suffer from the rivalry. In weighing Kyaukphyu [and its deep-sea port], Myanmar should not just think from an economic perspective, but also take the regional landscape into consideration. Only then will we be able to promote our national interests amid the rivalry between these big countries. If we can’t manage it well, we will suffer.

KK: Do you think peace talks with EAOs in northern Myanmar will speed up if there are further agreements on BRI following the Chinese president’s visit?

TSN: I hope so. The Chinese president will sign agreements during his visit and projects will then start to be implemented. Because of this, it is important for China that all the EAOs in the area are engaged in the peace process. Again, except for the AA [Arakan Army], China can control the activities of all the members of the FPNCC. I hope that bilateral ceasefire agreements will be signed with the EAOs after the Chinese president’s visit. Then the peace process landscape in 2020 will be more pleasant and military tensions will deescalate in northern Myanmar.

KK: There are a lot of EAOs along the gas pipeline [that goes from Rakhine State to China’s Yunnan Province], but not a single bullet has ever been shot at the pipeline itself. China has such tremendous influence. My last question, what strategies should Myanmar adopt in considering Chinese projects?

KKKK: The BRI is a global project and Myanmar can’t walk away from this globalization process. But on the other hand, Myanmar should have a clearer vision of how it wants to participate in this project. Myanmar wants to see development, but the questions are which sector will it prioritize for development, which sector will we use as a base for improving our economy? If we are to boost our economy based on tourism, then we will need a specific type of infrastructure. Similarly, if we are to boost our economy based on manufacturing, then we will need a different type of infrastructure. So, first of all, we must have a clear vision about how we want to develop our country. Based on this, then we have to take the necessary actions, step-by-step.

KK: Thank you for your contributions! https://www.irrawaddy.com/dateline/will-xi-jinpings-visit-mean-myanmars-future.html ------

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Church and displaced Kachin villagers voice concern over restarting Myitsone Dam By Mizzima | 19 January 2020 Bishop Raymond Sumlut Gam of Banmaw in Kachin State.

Myanmar Church officials and displaced Kachin villagers have reportedly conveyed unease over the possibility that the China-backed Myitsone dam project in the conflict-torn Kachin State might be restarted, according to UCA News.

The concerns have been voiced at time when China’s President Xi Jinping came for an historic visit from January 17 to 18.

Xi met with Myanmar State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi, military chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing and other political figures and legislators.

During the visit he signed a number of Chinese investment projects.

Bishop Raymond Sumlut Gam of Banmaw in Kachin State told UCA News that he planned to raise concerns on the fate of the controversial China-backed dam megaproject as China’s president visits the country.

Over 3,000 people were displaced by the project when it started in 2020. The project was put on hold by President Thein Sein in 2011 after many people protested. http://www.mizzima.com/article/church-and-displaced-kachin-villagers-voice-concern-over- restarting-myitsone-dam ------

Myanmar army attacks Kokang base as Chinese President arrives By Mizzima | 19 January 2020 (File) Military truck loaded soldier passes along a deserted road at self-administered Kokang capital , northern Shan State, Myanmar, 17 February 2015. Photo: Lynn Bo Bo/EPA

On the day that Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Myanmar, the Myanmar military launched an attack on an ethnic Kokang army base on the Myanmar-China border, killing one soldier, according to a report from the Kachin News Group.

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The attack by the Myanmar Light Infantry Battalion 364, under Light Infantry Division 66, occurred at around 6:00 a.m. on Friday morning, according to local sources.

The target was a base belonging to the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) in the Hpawng Seng area of Muse Township, northern Shan State, the report says.

Chinese President Xi arrived in Naypyidaw on Friday on his first visit to the country in more than 10 years. He signed a number of agreements for Chinese investment projects in Myanmar, including projects proposed in conflict areas.

http://www.mizzima.com/article/myanmar-army-attacks-kokang-base-chinese-president- arrives ------

Eight civilians injured in mine explosion in Rakhine Khin Myat Myat Wai | 19 Jan 2020

Eight people, including three children under 12-year-old, were injured on Sunday in a landmine explosion in Rakhine State, an official of a local non-government organisation said.

Among those hurt in the explosion that occurred at Shwe Kyan village in Minbya township are five women, according to Ko Zaw Zaw Tun from Rakhine Ethnics Congress.

“The eight injured have been sent to Pan Myaung hospital. Of them, 3 children are in critical condition and they have been transferred to Mrauk-U hospital,” Ko Zaw Zaw Tun told The Myanmar Times.

The victims were collecting firewood in a clearing near the forest when one of the victims tripped on the explosive triggering the blast.

Khaing Thu Kha, a spokesperson of the Arakan Army, said there was no recent fighting in the area.

“But in last December, fights intensified there. Mines have been placed there for security because Myanmar military columns often travel around there,” he told the Myanmar Times.”We don’t know if this incident is because of the mine explosion or artillery.”

Regarding this incident, The Myanmar Times tried to reach the Tatmadaw True News Information Committee but no contact has been made yet.

Last week four children were killed and six others were injured in a landmine explosion in a village in neighbouring township.

According to the data collected by Rakhine National Organization, 21 died and 69 were injured from landmines due to the fighting between the Tatmadaw and AA.

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The International Campaign to Ban Landmines said in its latest report that there are about 1600 of landmine victims in the country from 2011 to 2018 on December 19, 2019.

According to the report, landmines were also found starting from 2019 in , Kyaukphyu, Buthidaung of Rakhine State and Paletwa of Chin State.

It said people who wander in search of food in the forest comprised the most number of victims, followed by migrants travelling in landmine-rigged areas and farmers working on their fields.

In 2019, more than 40 people died of landmines and more than 160 were injured across the country, according to the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement. - Translated

https://www.mmtimes.com/news/eight-civilians-injured-mine-explosion-rakhine.html ------

RCSS hands seized narcotic drugs over to Tatmadaw Published 20 January 2020

Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army (RCSS/SSA) officially handed seized narcotic drugs and vehicles over to the Tatmadaw on January 18, according to the statement by the RCSS.

The statement said the handover of seized narcotic drugs would further strengthen cooperation between the government, military and the RCSS. As the agreements reached under the state-and Union-level ceasefire agreements and the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA), the RCSS has been making constant efforts for the fights against narcotic drugs as much as it can.

On January 13, the members of the RCSS seized 78,141 stimulant tablets and 10.28 kg of heroin packed with soap cups on Kyaukme-Monglon road in . According to the scrutiny, the seized narcotic drugs were brought from Kaungkhar region in Township.

The handover reflects the RCSS’s accountability, responsibility and transparency in serving the interest of the public over anti-narcotic works.

https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/rcss-hands-seized-narcotic-drugs-over-to-tatmadaw ------

NMSP seizes over 300 kratom plants and make an arrest monnews | 20 January 2020 | Reported by: Su Kha

The New Mon State Party (NMSP) forces destroyed over 300 kratom plants seized at Ngat Pyaw Taw and Sate Kalay villages in Kyarinseikkyi Township, Karen State, earlier this month.

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Kratom plantation owner, Nai Sone Thein, was arrested, on January 10 (photo: Dra Gon)

The plantation owner, Nai Sone Thein was arrested, on January 10, under the authority of the NMSP Battalion 1 from the Mawlamyine District Office.

“We have heard about this man [the Kratom plantation owner] for a while, but we could not arrest him without evidence. Parents came to us to report the drug effects on their children so many times, so we tried to investigate. We have arrested him, and he will be punished according to the law, “ said Colonel Aye Marn, of the NMSP Battalion 1.

The Kratom plantation owner was sent to the District Administrative office, and the kratom leaves have been incinerated.

Authorities with the NMSP in Kyarinnseikkyi Township destroyed thousands of kratom plants near Sa-Neah Wei [LatWarSate] village on March 1st of last year.

Kratom leaves have been replacing alcohol and are also commonly used at ceremonial events by mixing the leaves with soft drinks, coffee, or cough syrup.

Some users also take the leaves with methamphetamine pills. Both the NMSP and the government’s drug laws categorize kratom leaves as a narcotic drug. http://monnews.org/2020/01/20/nmsp-seizes-over-300-kratom-plants-and-make-an- arrest/ ------

No ‘Genocidal Intent’ in Security Operations in Rakhine State, Myanmar Commission Says

By Kyaw Phyo Tha | 20 January 2020

A police officer stands guard near a house that was burnt down in Maungdaw, northern Rakhine State, on Aug. 30, 2017. / REUTERS

YANGON—A Myanmar government commission set up to investigate alleged human rights violations in Rakhine State said killings and displacement of Rohingya Muslims during security forces’ clearance operations there did not have “genocidal intent”, contradicting the findings of UN investigators.

The Independent Commission of Enquiry (ICOE) submitted its final report to Myanmar President U Win Myint and State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi on Monday. Despite its

Page 30 of 73

denial of genocidal intent, the report admitted that “war crimes, serious human rights violations, and violations of domestic law took place.” The 461-page report is widely viewed as Myanmar’s counter narrative to the international version of events, which has been harshly critical of the country.

The release of the long-awaited report came just two days shy of the International Court of Justice’s ruling on whether to approve The Gambia’s request that provisional measures be taken against Myanmar. The small African nation filed a lawsuit with the court accusing Myanmar of committing genocide against the Rohingya.

More than 700,000 Rohingya fled Myanmar to neighboring Bangladesh in late 2017 after the government’s security forces launched clearance operations in northern Rakhine State in response to a series of attacks by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) on police outposts in the area. Those who fled recalled arbitrary killings, rape and arson against their property by Myanmar security forces. UN investigators said the operations had “genocidal intent”. Both the Myanmar government and military have denied the accusations.

In a press release following the submission of the report on Monday, the ICOE said it had found no evidence to suggest that the killings or acts of displacement were committed pursuant to an intent or plan to destroy the Muslim or any other community in northern Rakhine State.

“There is insufficient evidence to argue, much less conclude, that the crimes committed were undertaken with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, or with any other requisite mental state for the international crime of genocide,” the report says.

It added: “The ECVT [the ICOE’s Evidence Collection and Verification Team] findings reveal no indication of a pattern of conduct from which one could reasonably conclude that the acts were committed with ‘genocidal intent.’”

The ICOE said it had provided 22 recommendations in its report. It urged the Myanmar government and the country’s defense services to continue their respective investigations, taking into account the ECVT’s findings. Neither the commission’s recommendations nor the full report have yet been made public, however.

Currently, the Myanmar military is conducting courts martial in northern Rakhine State.

The ICOE said its evidence-collection teams were dispatched to Rakhine State, Yangon and Naypyitaw, where they interviewed about 1,500 witnesses from various communities in northern Rakhine State, including Muslims and ethnic Rakhine, Mro and Daingnet people, as well as military and police personnel.

While ruling out “genocidal intent”, the commission did not deny—based on the information available to it and the results of investigations carried out in northern Rakhine State and elsewhere—that war crimes, serious human rights violations and violations of domestic law took place during security operations between Aug. 25 and Sept. 5, 2017, the period when security forces carried out clearance operations in the area. Page 31 of 73

“Although these serious crimes and violations were committed by multiple actors, there are reasonable grounds to believe that members of Myanmar’s security forces were involved,” the report said, blaming ARSA’s initial attacks for provoking the response by Myanmar’s security forces.

“The killing of innocent villagers and destruction of their homes were committed by some members of the Myanmar security forces through disproportionate use of force during the internal armed conflict,” it added.

However, the report failed to impress human rights activists like U Aung Myo Min, the executive director of Equality Myanmar, who said he didn’t see anything in the report about taking action against the perpetrators. He said the report simply advises that, “the Myanmar Government and Myanmar’s Defense Services must continue their respective investigations, taking into account the ECVTs’ findings.”

“Taking action against those who are guilty is really important. That’s what the international community is calling for,” he said.

He noted that the report’s findings were identical to comments made by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi at the ICJ, in which she denied there had been any genocidal intent and spoke of the possibility of war crimes.

With the ruling by the ICJ looming late this week, the human rights advocate said the report was unlikely to have any impact on the court’s decision on provisional measures.

He said if the report had been released before the ICJ hearings in December, the court would have taken its findings into consideration. Instead, it relied on information from independent bodies like the UN Fact Finding Mission, not the government commission, he said.

“So, it’s very unlikely to have an influence,” he said.

The ICOE was formed by the Myanmar government in 2018 to investigate allegations of human rights violations and related issues following the terrorist attacks by ARSA in Rakhine State with a view to seeking accountability and formulating recommendations on steps to be taken to ensure peace and stability in Rakhine State.

It is chaired by Rosario Manalo, a former deputy foreign minister of the Philippines, and includes Kenzo Oshima, a former permanent representative of Japan to the UN, and two Myanmar nationals. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/no-genocidal-intent-security-operations-rakhine- state-myanmar-commission-says.html ------

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�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� ည�လ�ခံ အစည��အ�ဝ� မတ��င�မ� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���မ��� ထ�ပ�သ��စည���ဝ�ပ�� က�င��ပ���င�ဖ�ယ�ရ��

သတင����င�� မ�ဒ�ယ� က�န�ရက�။ ၂၀၂၀ ခ���စ�၊ ဇ��ဝ�ရ�လ (၁၈) ရက�။

၂၁ ရ�စ�ပင�လ�ံ ည�လ�ခံမတ��င�ခင� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ��� အ��လ�ံ�ပ�ဝင�မည�� ည�လ�ခံ တစ�ခ�က�� �ခ�ယ����င�သည�ဟ� NCA အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���ထ�မ� �ခ�င���ဆ�င�အခ����က ��ပ�သည�။

NCA လက�မ�တ�ထ���ထ��သည�� အဖ���မ�����င�� လက�မ�တ�မထ���ရ�သ�သည�� အဖ���မ���အ��လ�ံ� ပ�ဝင�သည�� တ��င��ရင�� သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���၏ ည�လ�ခံ �ခ�ယ����င��ရ���င�� ပတ�သက�၍ ပအ���ဝ�အမ����သ�� အဖ���ခ��ပ� PNLO န�ယက ဗ��လ�မ���က�� ခ�န�ဥက��က ယခ�က��သ��� ��ပ�သည�။

“�က���ဖတ�စည����ံ��ရ� အ�နန�� ဒ�လက�မ�တ�မထ���တ�� အဖ����တ�ပ�တ�� EAOs summit �တ�� ၂၁ ရ�စ� ပင�လ�ံက�� အ���က�င���အ�င��ပ���လ ပ���ပ���တ�� �ထ�က�ခံမ�ရ�အ�င� �ခ�ဖ����က ���စ��ရင�လည�� �က ���စ�����င�တယ�” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။ “သ����သ��လည��ပ� အ��ဒ�လည��ပ� ဘယ��လ�က�အထ� �ဖစ����င���ခရ��လည���တ�� က��န��တ��� မသ��သ� ဘ���ပ��။ �လ��လ�ဆယ��တ�� အ�ဒ� အ��ခအ�နရ��တယ�။”

၂၁ ရ�စ�ပင�လ�ံ ည�လ�ခံက�� ယခ���စ� ဧ�ပ�လ�န�က�ဆ�ံ� အပတ�တ�င� က�င��ပ�ပ�လ�ပ�သ���ရန�ရ���ပ�� အဆ��ပ�ည�လ�ခံ မက�င��ပမ�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���အ��လ�ံ� ပ�ဝင�သည�� ည�လ�ခံတစ�ရပ�က�� က�င��ပ���င� သည�ဟ� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� ခ�န�ဥက�� က ��ပ�သည�။

ဇ��ဝ�ရ�လ ၁၇ ရက��န�က ထ��င�����င�ငံ ခ�င��မ��င��မ ���တ�င� အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���၏ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ�� ဦ��ဆ�င� အဖ��� PPST ၏ ၈ �က�မ���မ�က� အစည��အ�ဝ�က�� က�င��ပခ���ကသည�။

ထ��အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င�လည�� လက�မ�တ�မထ���ရ�သ�သည�� ည��န�င�တ��င��ရင��သ��မ��� အ��လ�ံ� NCA �ဖစ�စ�� တ�င� ပ�ဝင�လ����င�ရန�အတ�က� ယခ�အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င� ခ�မ�တ�လ�ပ��ဆ�င�သ���ရန�လ��သည� ဟ� PPST ယ�ယ� ဥက�� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ��က�� ယ�က�စစ�က အဖ���မ�န��ခ�န��တ�င� ထည��သ�င����ပ��က��ခ��သည�။

“NCA အဝန��အဝ��င��မ�� မပ�ဝင�လ����င��သ�တ�� ည��န�င�အဖ���အစည���တ�အတ�က� တစ�ခ��န�ခ��န�မ�� ပ�ဝင�လ� ���င��ရ� လက��တ��က�တ�� အခင��အက�င��န�� လ�ပ�ငန��စ���တ�က�� ဒ�အစည��အ�ဝ�မ�� တ�တ�က�က� ခ�မ�တ�ထ��ဖ��� လ��ပ�တယ�။”

ယမန��န�က က�င��ပ�ပ�လ�ပ�သည�� PPST ၏ အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င� ၈ �က�မ���မ�က� က�င��ပ�ပ�လ�ပ�ထ��ခ��သည�� တစ����င�ငံလ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ�စ�ခ��ပ� အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ�ဆ��င�ရ� ည����င��အစည��အ�ဝ� JICM အစည��အ�ဝ�မ� သ�ဘ�တ�ခ���ကသည�� အခ�က� ၈ ခ�က�ထ�မ� အခ�က� ၃ ခ�က�က�� အဓ�ကထ�� �ဆ������ ခ��သည�ဟ� သ�ရသည�။

PPST အစည��အ�ဝ�မ� �ဆ������ခ���ကသည�� အခ�က�မ���မ�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� အစ�တ�အပ��င�� ၃ တ�င� ခ��ပ�ဆ��မည�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ���င�� ဖက�ဒရယ��ပည��ထ�င�စ� တည��ဆ�က��ရ� ဆ��င�မ�မ�����င�� အ��ခခံမ�မ���က�စ�၊ NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ�က�စ���င�� ၂၀၂၀ ��င�� ၂၀၂၀ အလ�န��င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��က�စ�ရပ�မ��� �ဖစ� သည�ဟ� အပစ�ရပ��ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ���က ��ပ�သည�။

Page 33 of 73

“ဒ� NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ�ထ�မ��ပ�တ�� အခန�� ၃ တ��� အခန�� ၄ တ��� အခန�� ၆ တ��� အ�ဒ��တ�က�� �ဆ������ မယ�၊ အ�ဒ�ပ�တယ�၊ နံပ�တ� ၂ က�တ�� က��န��တ��� ၂၀၂၀ မတ��င�ခင�မ�� ဘ�လ�ပ�မလ�၊ ၂၀၂၀ အလ�န�မ�� ဘ��တ� လ�ပ�မ လ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ���တ�က�� သ�ဘ�တ�မယ� ခ�မယ�၊ နံပ�တ� ၃ က�တ�� ဖက�ဒရယ�အ��ခခံမ��တ�ရ�အ�င� လ�ပ�မယ�၊ အ��ဒ� ဖက�ဒရယ�အ��ခခံ မ�က ဘယ�ဟ��တ� က��ယ�ကလ��ခ�င�သလ� ၂၀၂၀ မတ��င�ခင� ဘ�အ�မခံခ�က� လ��ခ�င�သလ�၊ ၂၀၂၀ လ�န�သ���ရင� ဘ�အ�မခံခ�က� ထ�က��အ�င�လ�ပ�မလ�၊ အ��ဒ� စသည��ဖင���ပ���လ” ဟ� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� ခ�န�ဥက�� က ��ပ�သည�။

အထက�ပ� �ဆ������ခ�က� ၃ ခ�က�အရ အလ�တ�သ�ဘ��တ��ဆ�ံ�ဆ������မ�မ���သ� သ����နသည�� အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���ထ�မ� ကရင�အမ����သ��အစည��အ��ံ� KNU အ�န�ဖင��လည�� တရ��ဝင�အစည��အ�ဝ�မ��� တ�င� �ပန�လည� ပ�ဝင� လ�ရ�ခင���ဖစ�သည�ဟ� KNU အ�ထ��ထ�အတ�င���ရ�မ�� ပဒ���စ�တ�ဒ��မ��က ��ပ�သည�။

“အဓ�က က �ရ��ဆက�သ���ရမည�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��န�� ဖက�ဒရယ� တည��ဆ�က�မ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��က ဘ�မ� �ရ�ရ ရ�ရ� မရ��တ��အတ�က���က�င�� က��န��တ��� အလ�တ�သ�ဘ�န�� �ဆ�������ပ���တ�� အခ� �ရ�ရရ� ရ��ဖစ� �အ�င� ဒ�အဆင�� ၃ ဆင��န�� သ���မယ�၊ �န�က� အပစ�အခတ�ရပ�စ��ရ� ခ��င�မ��ရ�က��လည�� အဆင��တစ�ဆင�� အ�နန�� တည��ဆ�က��ပ�� ည����င���ဆ������သ���မယ�ဆ��တ�� အ��ခခံက�� ဒ�လ��ပ�ံစံန�� သ���သင��တယ�ဆ��တ�� စ���စ��မ� က�� အစ���ရ တပ�မ�တ��ဖက�က လက�ခံတယ�။ အ��အတ�က���က�င�� က��န��တ��� တရ��ဝင� �ဆ������သ���မ�� �ဖစ�ပ� တယ�။”

PPST ၏ ၈ �က�မ���မ�က� အစည��အ�ဝ�က�� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ��သည�� အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���မ� �ခ�င���ဆ�င� မ��� တက��ရ�က�ခ���ကသည�။

တစ����င�ငံလ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ� သ�ဘ�တ� စ�ခ��ပ� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ��သည�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���မ�� ကရင�အမ����သ�� အစည�� အ��ံ� KNU ၊ ခ�င��အမ����သ��တပ�ဦ� CNF ၊ �မန�မ� ���င�ငံလ�ံ�ဆ��င�ရ� �က��င��သ��မ��� ဒ�မ��ကရက� တစ�တပ�ဦ� ABSDF ၊ ကရင��င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ��က�င�စ� KNLA/PC ၊ ပအ���ဝ�အမ����သ�� လ�တ���မ�က��ရ�အဖ���ခ��ပ� PNLO၊ ရခ��င� �ပည�လ�တ���မ�က��ရ�ပ�တ� ALP ၊ ရ�မ���ပည��ပန� လည�ထ��ထ�င��ရ� �က�င�စ� RCSS ၊ ကရင�အမ����သ�� ဒ�မ�� �ရစ�အက�����ပ�တပ�မ�တ�� DKBA ၊ မ�န��ပည�သစ� ပ�တ� NMSP ��င�� လ��ဟ�ဒ�မ��ကရက�တစ�အစည��အ��ံ� LDU တ��� �ဖစ�သည�။

NCA လက�မ�တ�မထ���ရ�သ�သည�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���မ��� ကရင�န�အမ����သ�� တ��� တက��ရ�ပ�တ� KNPP ၊ န�ဂအမ����သ�� ဆ��ရ�ယ�လစ��က�င�စ� (NSCN-K) ��င�� FPNCC အဖ���ဝင�မ����ဖစ�သည�� “ဝ” �ပည��သ��စည��ည���တ��ရ�ပ�တ� (UWSP)၊ ကခ�င��ပည� လ�တ���မ�က��ရ� အဖ��� (KIO)၊ ရ�မ���ပည�တ���တက��ရ� ပ�တ� (SSPP)၊ �မန�မ�အမ����သ��မ��� ဒ�မ��ကရက�တစ� မဟ�မ�တ�တပ�မ�တ�� (MNDAA- က���ကန��အဖ���)၊ အမ����သ�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ� မဟ�မ�တ� တပ�မ�တ�� (NDAA- မ��င��လ��အဖ���)၊ တအ�င��/ ပ�လ�င� အမ����သ�� လ�တ���မ�က��ရ� တပ�မ�တ�� (PSLF/TNLA)��င�� ရက� ��င�� တပ�မ�တ�� (AA)တ����ဖစ�သည�။

အပစ�မရပ��သ�သည��အဖ���မ���ထ�တ�င� KNPP အ�န�ဖင�� အစ���ရ��င�� NCA အပစ�ရပ����င�ရန� �ဆ�������နသက��သ��� ��မ�က�ပ��င��မဟ�မ�တ� ၄ ဖ����ဖစ�သည�� KIA၊ TNLA၊ AA၊ MNDAA က���ကန��တ���သည�လည�� အစ���ရ��င�� ပဏ�မ အ ပစ�ရပ� စ�ခ��ပ� Bilateral ခ��ပ�ဆ�����င�ရန� �ဆ�������န�ကသည�။

http://www.nmg-news.com/2020/01/18/9809

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အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��က�� မတ�လ၌�ပ�လ�ပ�ရန� NCA လက�မ�တ�ထ��� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���မ��� �မ���မ�န��ထ���ပ�� ယခ�လက�န�ပ��င��တ�င� အစ���ရ��င�� တရ��ဝင��ဆ������မည�

Published 19 January 2020 | မင�����င�စ���

အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ�� က�� ၂၀၂၀ �ပည����စ� မတ�လတ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ�ရန� တစ����င�ငံလ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ�သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� (NCA) လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ���သ� တ��င��ရင��သ��

Page 34 of 73

လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���အစည��မ���က �မ���မ�န��ထ���ပ�� အဆ��ပ�က�စ���င��ပတ�သက�၍ ယခ�လက�န�ပ��င��တ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ�မည�� အစ���ရ��င�� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ���သ� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���၏ အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င� တရ��ဝင� �ဆ������သ���မည��ဖစ���က�င�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���အစည��မ���၏ NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ�ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င�ည����င���ရ� အဖ����ခ�င���ဆ�င� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ငင��က ��ပ��က��သည�။

PPST အစည��အ�ဝ�က�� ထ��င�����င�ငံ ခ�င��မ��င�တ�င� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၇ ��င�� ၁၈ ရက�တ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ�စ�� (Photo: NCA-SEAO)

NCA-SEAO မ���၏ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��ဦ��ဆ�င�အဖ��� (PPST) အစည��အ�ဝ�က�� ထ��င�����င�ငံ ခ�င��မ��င�တ�င� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၇ ရက���င�� ၁၈ ရက�တ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ�ခ���ပ�� အဆ��ပ� အစည��အ�ဝ�အ�ပ�� �ပ�လ�ပ�သည�� သတင��စ� ရ�င��လင��ပ��တ�င� အမ����သ��အဆင�����င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��မ��� က�င��ပ�ခင����င��ပတ�သက�၍ NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ�ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င�ည����င���ရ�အဖ����ခ�င���ဆ�င� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ငင��က ထ��သ���ထည��သ�င�� ��ပ��က��ခ���ခင���ဖစ�သည�။

“ အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ�� က�င��ပမည��အခ��န���င�� ပတ�သက�၍ အ�ကမ��ဖ�င��လ��ထ��တ�က မတ�လ လလယ��လ�က�က�န လက�န�အထ��လ�က��တ�� အ�ကမ��ဖ�င��မ�န��ထ��တ��ပ��။ အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ����င��ပတ�သက��ပ�� လ�မယ��ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၂၈ ရက�န�� ၂၉ ရက� ��စ�ဖက�ည����င���ရ� �ဆ�������ရ�အဖ����တ� �တ��တ��ပ��မ�� တရ��ဝင��ဆ������ဖ���ရ��ပ�တယ�” ဟ� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ငင��က ��ပ��က��သည�။

အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��မ���က�� လ�မ����အလ��က� အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��၊ �ဒသအလ��က� အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ����င�� အ��က�င��အရ�အလ��က� အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��ဟ�၍ �ခ�င��စ��သ�ံ�မ�����ဖင�� က�င��ပ���င��ပ�� အဆ��ပ� �ခ�င��စ��သ�ံ�မ����အနက� လ�မ����အလ��က�အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��မ���က�� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ���သ� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���က ဦ��ဆ�င�က�င��ပရ�ခင���ဖစ�သည�။

သ����သ��လည�� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���၏ လ�မ����အလ��က� အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��မ��� က�င��ပ�ခင����င��ပတ�သက�၍ က�င��ပသည�� �နရ�အ���ဖင��လည���က�င��၊ ယင���ဆ������ပ��သ��� တက��ရ�က�လ�သည�� လ�ဦ��ရအ���ဖင��လည���က�င�� တပ�မ�တ��ဘက�က ကန��သတ�မ�မ��� ရ��ခ��သည��အတ�က� ယခင�ကက�င��ပခ���သ� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��အခ����၏ အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��တ�င� အခက�အခ�မ�����င�� �က�ံခ��ရသည�။

ထ�����က�င�� လက�ရ��အခ��န�တ�င� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ���သ� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���အစည�� ၁၀ ဖ���ရ���သ��လည�� အဆ��ပ� ၁၀ ဖ���အနက� အခ�����သ� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���သည� ၎င��တ���၏ လ�မ����အလ��က� အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ��က�� က�င��ပ���င��ခင�� မရ���သ�ဘ� �ဖစ��နသည�။

“ ၂၁ ပင�လ�ံ က�င��ပမယ�ဆ��ရင� အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ���တ�ဆ��တ� မလ��မ�သ��ပ��။ ဒ�လ�ထ��တ��ဆ�ံပ���တ�၊ အမ����သ���ရ�ဆ��င�ရ�၊ �န�က�တစ�ခ�က အ��က�င��အရ�ဆ��င�ရ�၊ �န�က��ပ���တ�� �ဒသ� �ရဆ��င�ရ� ဒ��ဆ������ပ���တ�ဟ� NCA မ��ထ�က��က လ��အပ��နတ��ဖစ�မယ�။ ဒ����က�င�� ဒ��ဆ������ပ���တ�က�င��ပဖ��� လ��အပ�တ��ဖစ�တ��အတ�က� ဒ�အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ဆ������ပ���တ�လ�ပ�ဖ��� NCA- SEAO ည����င���ရ�အဖ����တ�န�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ��ဘက�က ည����င���ရ�အဖ����တ�က မ�က�ခင�မ�� ည����င���ဆ������လ�မ��မယ�။ ဒ���စ�ဖက�ည����င���ရ�အဖ����တ�က ည����င���ဆ�������ပ��ရင� ဒ��တ�ဟ� မလ��မ�သ�က�င��ပ���င�ဖ���အတ�က� က�န��တ��တ����က ���ပမ���နတယ�လ���ပ� ��ပ�ရမ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ�” ဟ� PPST အဖ���ဝင� �မန�မ����င�ငံလ�ံ�ဆ��င�ရ� �က��င��သ��မ��� ဒ�မ��ကရက�တစ�တပ�ဦ� (ABSDF) ဥက�� ရ��ဘ��သံခ�က ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက� ခ�င��မ��င�သတင��စ� ရ�င��လင��ပ��တ�င� ��ပ��က��သည�။

Page 35 of 73

�န�ပည��တ��တ�င� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၈ ရက�က က�င��ပခ��သည�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ����င�� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ���သ� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည���ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ���၏ JICM အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င� ၂၀၂၀ �ပည����စ� ပထမ�လ�လတ�က�လအတ�င�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ��င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ည�လ�ခံ-(၂၁) ရ�စ�ပင�လ�ံ စတ�တ�အစည��အ�ဝ�က�� က�င��ပမည��ဖစ��ပ�� အဆ��ပ�အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င� ဖက�ဒရယ��ပည��ထ�င�စ� တည��ဆ�က��ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��မ�����င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ��မ��� �ရ��ဆက����င��ရ�အတ�က� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�သ���မည��ဖစ���က�င�� ရ��ဘ��သံခ�က ��ပ��က��သည�။

https://news-eleven.com/article/155220

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�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရလ�ပ�ငန��စ��မ�� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ� ပ�ဝင�ခ�င��

ဇ�ဏ�ထ�ဏ�� | 2020-01-19

�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ���တ�မ�� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ� ပ�ဝင�ခ�င��ရမယ�ဆ��ရင� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �ဖ���ဆ�င�မ� ထ��ရ�က�မယ�လ��� ယ�ံ�ကည���က�င�� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�က ��ပ��ကပ�တယ�။

�မန�မ����င�ငံမ�� ��စ��ပ�င�� ၇၀ �က����က��အ�င� �ပည�တ�င��စစ��တ� မ�ပ���သ�တ�၊ အခ�အခ��န�အထ� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ����တ�န�� တပ�မ�တ��တ���အ�က�� တ��က�ပ���တ� �ဖစ��နတ�၊ တ��က�ပ���တ��က��မ�� က�လ�ငယ��တ� အပ�အဝင� �ပည�သ��တ� ထ�ခ��က��သဆ�ံ��ကရတ��တ�ဟ� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�က��ပ���ပ�� အလ�မ���ဝ��စမ�� ဘ�သ��ရ� �ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�က စ���ရ�မ��န�ကပ�တယ�။

�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�အတ�က� �တ��ဆ�ံ�ဆ������ ��ပ�ဆ�� ည����င��ဖ��� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ��က��မရ�င�၊ အမ����သ���ပန�လည� သင���မတ��ရ�န�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ဗဟ��ဌ�နတ���က�� အစ���ရက ဖ���စည��ထ��ပ�တယ�။ အ�ဒ�အဖ����တ�မ�� တပ�မ�တ��၊ အစ���ရအဖ���န�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�အက�����ဆ�င��တ�၊ လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�တခ���� ပ�ဝင��ပမယ�� ဘ�သ��ရ� �ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�န�� လ�မ�အဖ���အစည���တ� ပ�ဝင�တ� မရ��ပ�ဘ��။

�မန�မ����င�ငံမ�� �နထ��င�သ��တ�ဟ� ဘ�သ��ရ�က��ယ�ံ�ကည��ပ�� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�က�� �လ�စ�� �ကတ���က�င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန���တ�မ�� ပ�ဝင�ခ�င��ရရင� ပ���ပ��ထ��ရ�က����င�တယ�လ��� မ� ��လ�တ��င��၊ �ပင�ဦ�လ�င��မ ��� အန��စခန�� အ�ရ�အလင���ရ�င� ဘ�န���က���က��င��မ��က�င��ပတ�� ၂၀၂၀ သင���မတ��ခင����င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �က ��ဆ��ပ��အခမ��အန��မ�� တက��ရ�က�လ�တ�� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�က ��ပ��ကပ�တယ�။

�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ���တ�မ�� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�က�� အသ�အမ�တ��ပ��ပ�လ��က�တ�န�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င��တ�န�� တပ�မ�တ��အ�က�� �တ��ဆ�ံည����င��လ��� ရ���င�တယ�လ��� အ�ရ�အလင���ရ�င� ဘ�န���တ���က���က��င�� ဆရ��တ�� အရ�င�စ�� ��တက မ�န���က��ပ�တယ�။

ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�၊ အရပ�ဘက�အဖ���အစည���တ�က �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�မ�� ပ���ပ�င��ပ�ဝင����င�ဖ��� အ�ရ��က��တယ�လ��� �မဝတ��က��င��တ��က�ဆရ��တ�� အရ�င�အရ�ယ�ဘ�ဝံသ က မ�န��ပ�တယ�။

ဘ�သ��ရ�တ��င��မ�� ခ�စ��ခင���မတ��က��သ� �ပဆ��ထ��တ��ဖစ�တ��အတ�က� ��စ�ဘက��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�က�� �မတ���ရ��ထ��ဖ���၊ လက�နက�န�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ယ�လ��� မရ�တ��ဘ� �မတ��တရ��န��သ� လ�ယ��ကဖ��� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�က တ��က�တ�န��ခ�င��ကတ�ပ�။ အစ���ရကသ� ပ�ဝင�ခ�င���ပ��ပ�လ��က�တ�န�� တ��က�ပ���တ��ဖစ�တ�� �နရ��တ�အထ� သ����ရ�က��ပ�� ည����င���ဆ�������ပ����င�တယ�လ��� ဟ����ဘ�သ��ရ� �ခ�င���ဆ�င�တစ��ယ�က��ဖစ�တ�� ဦ�ဆန��မင���အ�င�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

အခ�ခ��န�မ���တ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ���တ�မ�� ပ�ဝင�ခ�င��မရတ��အ�ပင� စစ��ဘ��ရ��င��တ�က�� က�ည�ခ�င��ရဖ��� �က ���စ��ရ�မ���တ�င� အခက�အခ��ဖစ��နတယ�လ��� ��ပ��ကပ�တယ�။ ပည�သင��က���ရ� ခက�ခ�တ��အတ�က� လက�မ�ပည��တ�က�� စစ��ဘ��ရ��င��နရ��တ�မ�� သ����ရ�က�သင��က���ပ�ခ�င�တယ�လ��� �ပင�ဦ�လ�င�ခ���င�

Page 36 of 73

အစ�လ�မ�သ�သန��ရ�ရ� �က�င�စ�ဥက�� ဟ�ဂ��ဦ�ခင��မ�င�ဝင��က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ��၊ တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င��တ�ဟ� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�ရ�� စက���တ�က�� �လ�စ���ကသလ�� �ပည�သ��တ�ကလည�� လ��က�န��ကတ��အတ�က� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�က�န �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�န��ပတ�သက��ပ�� �ရင�ံ��တ�ပ�တ�မ�နဘ� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�အတ�က� �ဟ���ပ��ကဖ��� ကက�လစ�က�ဒ�နယ� ခ���လ�စ��မ�င�ဘ��က ��ပ�လ��က�ပ�တယ�။ ဒ���က�င�� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�အ�နန�� �ရင�ံ��တ�ပ�တ�မ�နဘ� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�အတ�က� ဦ�တည��ပ�� �ဟ���ပ��ကဖ���၊ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�အတ�က� စစ�ပ���တ�ရပ�ဖ��� �န�တ��င���ဟ���ပ�ဖ��� တ��က�တ�န��ထ��ပ�တယ�။

�မန�မ����င�ငံမ�� ဗ�ဒ�ဘ�သ� က���က�ယ�သ� အမ���ဆ�ံ�ပ�။ အ�ဒ�အထ�ကမ� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ��ဖစ�တ�� သံဃ��တ�ကလည�� ပ�တ��ထ�က�ခံသ�၊ တပ�မ�တ��က�� အ���ပ�သ�၊ အစ���ရက�� ဝန��ရံသ��တ�ဆ���ပ�� က���ပ���နရင��တ�င� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�က�� ဦ�တည�ဖ��� လ��တယ�လ���လည�� သ�ဘ�ထ����ပ��ကပ�တယ�။

ဗ�ဒ�ဘ�သ�၊ ခရစ�ယ�န�၊ ဟ����၊ အစ�လ�မ�အပ�အဝင� ဘ�သ��ရ��ခ�င���ဆ�င��တ�ဟ� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�အတ�က� ��စ�ဘက�အဖ����တ�က�� ည����င����ပ�ဆ��ခ�င��ရဖ���၊ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ��နတ�� အရပ�ဘက�အဖ���အစည���တ�ရ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �က ���ပမ��တ��တ�က�� အသ�အမ�တ��ပ��ပ�ဖ���အတ�က� တ��က�တ�န���ကပ�တယ�။

https://www.rfa.org/burmese/program_2/religious-leaders-in-peace-process-01192020080518.html

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�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င� �ဆ������ပ��သ���NCA ထ���မထ���သ� အဖ���မ���က�� ဖ�တ�မည�

သတင����င�� မ�ဒ�ယ� က�န�ရက�။ ၂၀၂၀ ခ���စ�၊ ဇ��ဝ�ရ�လ ၂၀ ရက�။

NCA အပစ�ရပ�အဖ���မ�����င�� အစ���ရတ��� �ပ�လ�ပ�မည�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င��ပင�ဆင��ရ� အစည��အ�ဝ�သ��� NCA �ရ�ထ���ထ���ခင��မရ���သ� အဖ���မ���က��လည�� ဖ�တ��က��သ���မည�ဟ� အပစ�ရပ�အဖ��� �ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ���က ��ပ�သည�။

“လ�မယ�� မ��ဘ�င��ပင�ဆင��ရ� အစည��အ�ဝ�မ���တ�� ည��န�င��တ�က�� က��န��တ��� ဖ�တ�မ�� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ သ �ဘ�ထ��ကလည�� က��ပ��သ���ဖစ�တယ�။ ဆ���တ�� ဦ�ဆ�ံ�အဆင��အ�နန��က��တ�� ခ�န��ပ�သလ�� လ�မယ�� မ� �ဘ�င��ပင�ဆင��ရ� အစည��အ�ဝ�မ���တ�� မလ��မ�သ� ဖ�တ�မ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ ဒ�က ပထမ က��န��ထင�တယ� အစ �ပ�တ�� စမ�တ�အ�နန�� က��န��တ����မင�ပ�တယ�” ဟ� အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���၏ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ�� ဦ��ဆ�င�အဖ��� PPST ��ပ��ရ� ဆ��ခ�င��ရ��သ� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ငင��က ��ပ�သည�။

ဇ��ဝ�ရ�လ ၁၇ ရက��န�မ� ၁၈ ရက��န�အထ� ၂ ရက�တ� က�င��ပ�ပ�လ�ပ�ခ��သည�� PPST ၏ ၈ �က�မ���မ�က� အစည�� အ�ဝ�အ�ပ�� သတင��စ�ရ�င��လင��ပ��တ�င� သတင���ထ�က�မ���က�� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ငင��က ��ပ��က��ခ���ခင�� �ဖစ� သည�။

သ���ရ�တ�င� အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���မ� အလ�ပ�အဖ���မ�����င�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ��မ� ဖ���စည��ထ��သည�� အလ�ပ�အဖ���တ��� �တ��ဆ�ံ ည����င��မ� �ပ�လ�ပ��ပ�� �န�က�ပ��င��မ�သ� မ��ဘ�င��ပင� ဆင��ရ� အစည��အ�ဝ� က�င��ပမည��ရက�က�� သ�ရမည�ဟ� PPST က ��ပ�သည�။

“အ�ဒ��တ�� က��န��ထင�တယ� ၂၈၊ ၂၉ ည����င��ခ�က�အ�ပ�မ�� မ�တည�တယ�။ အ�မန�ဆ�ံ�လ�ပ�သ���ဖ��� အ�နအထ�� ရ�� တယ� ဘ��ဖစ�လ���လ�ဆ���တ�� အ�သလ�� မ��ဘ�င�က�� အတည��ပ�မ�ပ� ခ�န��ပ�တ�� အမ����သ��အဆင�� ���င�ငံ�ရ� �ဆ��

Page 37 of 73

����ပ���တ� က�န�တ�� တရ��ဝင� Process �တ�ဟ� စတင�ဖ���က လမ��ပ�င��သ���မ��က��� အ�ဒ��လ� ပ��န�” ဟ�ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ငင��က ��ပ�သည�။

�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င��ပင�ဆင��ရ� အစည��အ�ဝ�က�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� ည�လ�ခံ ၂၁ ရ�စ� ပင�လ�ံည�လ�ခံ မတ��င�မ�� �ပ�လ�ပ�သ���မည�ဟ� PPST က ဆ��သည�။

၂၁ ရ�စ�ပင�လ�ံ ည�လ�ခံ အစည��အ�ဝ�အတ�က� အလ�ပ�လ�ပ����င�မည�� မ��ဘ�င�တစ�ခ�အ�� ရ���ဖ�ရ�တ�င� �င�မ�� ခ�မ�� �ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ��တ�င� ပ�ဝင�လ�ပ��ဆ�င��နသည�� သက�ဆ��င�ရ� အဖ���အစည��မ��� အ��လ�ံ�တ�င� တ�ဝန�ရ�� သည�ဟ� PPST မ� ��ပ��ရ�ဆ��ခ�င��ရ��သ� ဦ�သံခ�က ��ပ�သည�။

“အ�ဒ�ရ���ဖ�မ�ဟ� က��န��တ���မ��လည�� တ�ဝန�ရ��တယ�အစ���ရမ��လည�� တ�ဝန�ရ��တယ�။ တပ�မ�တ��မ��လည�� တ�ဝန�ရ��တယ�။ လက�မ�တ��ရ�မထ��� ထ�� တ�� သ��တ�မ��လည�� တ�ဝန�ရ��တယ�။ ဒ��တ�� ဒ�ဟ��တ� အ��လ�ံ�ရ�� ည����င��မ��တ�အ�ပ�မ�� မ�တည�လ�မ��မယ�လ��� ထင�တယ�။”

��စ�ရက�တ� က�င��ပ�ပ�လ�ပ�မည�� PPST ၏ ၈ �က�မ���မ�က� အစည��အ�ဝ�မ� မ��ဘ�င��ပင�ဆင��ရ�တ�င� NCA- ထ���မထ���သ� အဖ���မ���က�� ဖ�တ��က��သ���ရန� အပ�အဝင� အခ�က� ၅ ခ�က�က�� ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�ခ��သည�ဟ� PPST က ��ပ�သည�။

“ဒ�ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�ခ�က� င��ခ�က�ထ�မ��ဆ��ရင� အက����ခ��ံ� ��ပ�မယ�ဆ��ရင� လ�မည�� ဒ� UPC �ပ���န�� ဘယ�လ��က�င��ပမလ�၊ �န�က��တ�� က��န��တ��� က�င��ပတ�� အခ�က�ရင� ဘယ�အခ�က�က�� အဓ�က ထ���ပ�� လ�ပ��ကမလ�ဆ��တ� အ�သ�စ�တ� စ���စ���ကတယ� �ဆ�������ကတယ�၊ �န�က��ပ���တ�� က��န��တ��� အ�သ�စ�တ� အလ�ပ�အဖ��� လ�မည�� ၂၈ အလ�ပ� အဖ���ထ�မ��လည�� ပ���ပ���တ�� တစ�ဘက�က အစ���ရ အဖ���န��လည�� က��န��တ��� အ�သ�စ�တ� �ပန��ပ���တ�� �ဆ������ဖ���လည�� လမ����န�ခ�က� ခ�ထ��ပ�တယ�။” ဟ� PPST မ� ��ပ��ရ�ဆ��ခ�င��ရ��သ� ���င��အ�င�မ�င� က ��ပ�သည�။

�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ�� ဦ��ဆ�င�အဖ��� PPST အစည��အ�ဝ� က�� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ��သည�� အပစ� ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���မ� �ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ��� တက��ရ�က�ခ���က သည�။

တစ����င�ငံလ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ� သ�ဘ�တ� စ�ခ��ပ� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ��သည�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ���မ�� ကရင�အမ����သ�� အစည�� အ��ံ� KNU ၊ ခ�င��အမ����သ��တပ�ဦ� CNF ၊ �မန�မ� ���င�ငံလ�ံ�ဆ��င�ရ� �က��င��သ��မ��� ဒ�မ��ကရက� တစ�တပ�ဦ� ABSDF ၊ ကရင��င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ��က�င�စ� KNLA/PC ၊ ပအ���ဝ�အမ����သ�� လ�တ���မ�က��ရ�အဖ���ခ��ပ� PNLO၊ ရခ��င� �ပည�လ�တ���မ�က��ရ�ပ�တ� ALP ၊ ရ�မ���ပည��ပန� လည�ထ��ထ�င��ရ� �က�င�စ� RCSS ၊ ကရင�အမ����သ�� ဒ�မ�� �ရစ�အက�����ပ�တပ�မ�တ�� DKBA ၊ မ�န��ပည�သစ� ပ�တ� NMSP ��င�� လ��ဟ�ဒ�မ��ကရက�တစ�အစည��အ��ံ� LDU တ��� �ဖစ�သည�။

http://www.nmg-news.com/2020/01/20/9822

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NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ� မ��ဘ�င�တ�င� အပစ�မရပ� အဖ���မ��� သ�ဘ�ထ�� ထည��သ�င��မည�

By နန��လ�င���င��ပ�င�� | 20 January 2020

တ���င�ငံလ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� ( NCA) အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ� ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င� �ရ�ဆ��ရ�တ�င� အစ���ရ��င�� အပစ�မရပ�ရ�သ��သ� အဖ���မ���၏ သ�ဘ�ထ��မ��� ထည��သ�င�� ရယ�ရန� အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���က �ဆ�င�ရ�က��နသည�ဟ� ��ပ�ဆ��သည�။

Page 38 of 73

ထ��င�����င�ငံ ခ�င��မ��င��မ ���တ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ�ခ���သ� NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ� ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င� ည����င���ရ� အဖ��� အစည��အ�ဝ� / NCA-S EAO

ထ��မ��ဘ�င�တ�င� အပစ�မရပ�ရ�သ�သည�� အဖ���မ���၏ သ�ဘ�ထ��မ���က�� ထည��သ�င��ရန� စ�စ���နသည�က��လည��အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���၏ ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လအတ�င�� က�င��ပသည�� အစည��အ�ဝ�မ���အ�ပ��တ�င� ��ပ�ဆ���ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၃ ရက���င�� ၁၄ ရက�တ�င� စတ�တ�အ�က�မ� က�င��ပခ��သည�� NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ� ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င� ည����င���ရ� အဖ��� အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င� အဖ����ခ�င���ဆ�င� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ငင��က ���င�ငံ�ရ� �ဆ������မ�ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င� �ပင�ဆင��ရ�တ�င� NCA မထ���ထ��သည�� ည��န�င�အဖ���မ��� ပ�ဝင��ရ�အတ�က� �ဆ������မည�ဟ� ��ပ�ဆ��ခ��သည�။

ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၇ ရက�မ� ၁၉ ရက�အထ� က�င��ပသည�� အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���၏ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ�� ဦ��ဆ�င�အဖ��� (PPST) အစည��အ�ဝ�အ�ပ�� သတင��စ� ရ�င��လင��ပ��တ�င�လည�� မ��ဘ�င��ပင�ဆင��ရ� ည����င��မ�မ���တ�င� NCA မထ���ထ��သည�� အဖ��� မ���၏ သ�ဘ�ထ��မ��� ရယ�ရန� ဖ�တ��ခ�သ���မည� �ဖစ���က�င�� ထပ��လ�င�� ��ပ�ဆ��သ���သည�။

PPST အစည��အ�ဝ�အ�ပ�� သတင��စ� ရ�င��လင��ပ��တ�င� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ငင��က “�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��က ၁၀ ဖ��� တည�� န�� မလ�ံ�လ�က�ဘ��။ ဒ����က�င�� မလ����င��သ�တ�� က�န�ရ���နတ�� က��န��တ��� ည��န�င��တ� ပ�ဝင�လ����င��ရ� ဘယ�လ�� အခင��အက�င�� လ�ပ�မလ�။ လက��တ��က�တ�� အစ�အစ���တ� လ�ပ��ကရ�အ�င�ဆ��တ�က�� �ပ��ခ��တ�� JICM အစည�� အ�ဝ�မ�� ��ပ�ခ���ကတယ�။ ဒ� ၂ ရက�တ� အစည��အ�ဝ�မ�� ဒ�က�စ�က�� အ�လ��ပ��ပ�� �ဆ������ပ�တယ�။ အ�သ�စ�တ� �တ�� ��ပ�လ��� မရပ�ဘ��” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ�ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င�က�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ��တ�����င�� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ��သည�� ကရင� အမ����သ�� အစည��အ��ံ� (KNU) ၊ ရ�မ���ပည� �ပန�လည�ထ��ထ�င��ရ� �က�င�စ� (RCSS)၊ ဒ�မ��က�ရစ� အက����ု�ပ� ကရင� တပ�မ�တ�� (DKBA)၊ ကရင��င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �က�င�စ� (KNU/KNLA-PC)၊ ပအ���ဝ� အမ����သ�� လ�တ���မ�က��ရ� အဖ��� (PNLO)၊ �မန�မ����င�ငံလ�ံ�ဆ��င�ရ� �က��င��သ��မ��� ဒ�မ��ကရက�တစ� တပ�ဦ� (ABSDF )၊ မ�န��ပည�သစ�ပ�တ� (NMSP)၊ ခ�င��အမ����သ�� တပ�ဦ� (CNF)၊ ရခ��င��ပည� လ�တ���မ�က��ရ� ပ�တ� (ALP) ��င�� လ��ဟ� အမ����သ�� ဒ�မ��ကရက�တစ� အစည��အ��ံ� (LDU ) တ���က �ရ�ဆ���န�ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

NCA မထ���ရ�သ�သည�� အဖ���မ���မ�� ကခ�င� လ�တ�လပ��ရ� တပ�မ�တ�� (KIA)၊ ကရင�န� အမ����သ�� အမ����သ�� တ���တက��ရ� ပ�တ� (KNPP)၊ ပ�လ�င� (တအန��) အမ����သ�� လ�တ���မ�က��ရ� တပ�မ�တ�� (TNLA) ၊ �မန�မ� အမ����သ�� ဒ�မ��ကရက�တစ� မဟ�မ�တ� တပ�မ�တ�� (MNDAA) ��င�� ရက� ��င�စစ�တပ� (AA) တ��� �ဖစ�သည�။

အပစ�မရပ�ရ�သ�သည�� အဖ���မ���အနက� KNPP က NCA �ရ�ထ���ရန� အစ���ရ��င�� ည����င���နဆ��ဖစ�သည�။

KIA ၊ TNLA ၊ MNDAA ��င�� AA တ���က ပဏ�မ အပစ�ရပ�စ�ခ��ပ� (Bilateral) တ�စ�င�ထ����ပ��မ� တဆင��တက��ပ�� NCA ထ����ရ�၊ မထ����ရ� ည����င��ရန� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�လ�က� ရ��သည�။

ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၃ ရက���င�� ၁၄ ရက�တ�င� စတ�တ�အ�က�မ� က�င��ပခ��သည�� NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ� ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င� ည����င���ရ� အဖ��� အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င� KIA ��င�� KNPP မ� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ��� တက��ရ�က�ခ��သည�ဟ� သ�ရသည�။

Page 39 of 73

ဧရ�ဝတ�က KIA ထ�ပ�သ���ခ�င���ဆ�င� တဦ��ဖစ�သည�� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ� ဂ�န��မ�� က “မ��ဘ�င� �ပင�ဆင��ရ� အစည��အ�ဝ�မ�� တက��ရ�က�တ� မဟ�တ�ပ�ဘ��” ဟ� �ငင��ဆ��သည�။

သ����သ�� အပစ�ရပ�အဖ���မ�����င�� �ပ�လ�ပ�သည�� ဖက�ဒရယ� အ��ခခံမ�မ���ဆ��င�ရ� �ဆ������ပ��မ���တ�င� KIA မ� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� တခ���� တက��ရ�က�ပ�သည�ဟ� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ� ဂ�န��မ��က ��ပ�သည�။

TNLA ၏ သတင����င�� �ပန��က���ရ� တ�ဝန�ခံ ဗ��လ�မ�� မ��င��အ��က��က���ကလည�� “က��န��တ���က�� ဖ�တ��က��တ� မရ���သ� ဘ��။ က��န��တ��� လ��က���တ�ဆ�က အ��က�င��တစ�ံတရ� မသ�ရ�သ�လ��� မ��ဘ�င��ဆ������ပ��န�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� ဘ�မ� မ�တ�ခ�က� မ�ပ�ခ�င�ပ�ဘ��” ဟ� ��ပ�ဆ��သည�။

KIA၊ MNDAA၊ TNLA၊ AA ��င�� အစ���ရ၏ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ��� အပစ�ရပ�စ�ခ��ပ�အတ�က� �ဆ������ရ�တ�င� �က��ဝင� ည����င���ပ�ေ နသည�� ကခ�င��င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� အက�����တ���ဆ�င�အဖ���မ� ဦ�ဆန���အ�င� က “မ��ဘ�င�န�� ပတ�သက� တ��တ�� က��န��မပ�ဝင�လ��� မသ�ဘ��။ ဒ��ပမယ�� လက�မ�တ�ထ���သည��ဖစ��စ မထ���သည��ဖစ��စ ည����င��ရမယ�� က�က ရ��မ��ပ�။ �က ��တင�ပ�ဝင�တယ�ဆ��လည� အ��လ�ံ�သ�ဘ�က�တ�� မ��ဘ�င�ဆ��ရင� လက�မ�တ�မထ���ရ�သ�သ��တ�က ထ����ပ��တ�� အခ� ပ�ဝင�လ�တ��အခ� �ပန��ပင�စရ�မလ���တ��ဘ���ပ��”ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ���က NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ�ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င�ည����င���ရ�အဖ��� အစည��အ�ဝ�က�� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�တ�င� စတင� က�င��ပခ���ခင���ဖစ��ပ�� ယခ�အခ� စတ�တ�အ�က�မ� �ဆ�������ပ�� �ဖစ�သည�။

အဆ��ပ� မ��ဘ�င�ည����င���ရ�အဖ��� အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င� အပစ�ရပ�အဖ���မ�����င�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ��တ����က�� ပ�တ�ဆ��� �နသည�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ�� ��ပလည��ရ�၊ ဖယ�ဒရယ�အ��ခခံမ�မ�����င�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�တည��ဆ�က��ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��အဆင��ဆင����င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ�� အခ��န�ဇယ�� တ��� က��လည�� �ဆ�������က��က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

အပစ�ရပ� ၁၀ ဖ����ဆ�������နသည�� NCA အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ��မ�ဆ��င�ရ� မ��ဘ�င�မ�� ပ�တ�ဆ����နသည�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��မ��� ��ပ��ပလည�လည� �ရ��ဆက����င��ရ�အပ�အဝင� ၂၀၂၀ �ပည����စ�အလ�န� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ��မ��� အတ�က� �ရ�ဆ���န�ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�ဟ� သ�ရသည�။

https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2020/01/20/213465.html

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ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ� ဂ�န��မ����င�� ဆက�သ�ယ��မ��မန���ခင��

ဧရ�ဝတ� | 20 January 2020

ကခ�င�လ�တ�လပ��ရ� အဖ��� (KIO) သည� အစ���ရ��င�� တ���င�ငံလ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ� သ�ဘ�တ� စ�ခ��ပ� (NCA) က�� လက�မ�တ�မထ���ရ�သ��ပ။ သ����သ��လည�� NCA �ရ�ထ������င�ရန� အတ�က� ပဏ�မ အပစ�ရပ�စ�ခ��ပ� (Bilateral) �ရ�ထ������င��ရ�အတ�က� �က ���ပမ��မ�မ��� ရ��သည�။

ထ��သ��� �က ���ပမ���နမ�အ��ခအ�န အပ�အဝင� NCA �ရ�ထ������င��ရ� အဟန�� အတ���ဖစ��နသည�� အ��က�င��အရ���င�� လတ�တ�လ� �မန�မ����င�ငံက�� လ�သ���သည�� တ��တ�သမ�တ ခရ��စ��အ�ပ� အ�မင�တ���က��

Page 40 of 73

ဧရ�ဝတ�က ကခ�င�လ�တ�လပ��ရ� �က�င�စ� (KIC) ၏ ဒ�ဥက�� – ၁ ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ�ဂ�န��မ�� ��င�� ဆက�သ�ယ��မ��မန��ထ��သည�။

�မ�။ ။ ကခ�င� လ�တ�လပ��ရ� အဖ��� (KIO) အ�နန�� တ��တ�သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င� ခရ��စ��က�� �က ��ဆ��သလ�� �မန�မ����င�ငံသ�� �တ�ရ�� လ��အပ�ခ�က�က�� က�ည��ပ�ဖ��� ���င�ငံသ���တ�ရ�� ခံစ��ခ�က�က�� န��လည��ပ�ဖ���ဆ���ပ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၆ ရက�က ထ�တ��ပန� ခ�က�မ�� �ဖ���ပထ��တ� �တ��ရပ�တယ�။ ဘယ�လ�� အ��က�င��အရ��တ� တ��တ�သမ�တက�� န��လည��ပ�ဖ��� ��ပ�တ�လ�။

��ဖ။ ။ �မန�မ����င�ငံသ��မ���အ�နန�� �က ��ဆ��သ��တ�ရ��မ�� �ဖစ��ပ�� �ဝဖန�သ�မ���လည�� ရ�����င�ပ�တယ�။ ဘယ�လ��ပ��ဖစ��ဖစ� ���င�ငံ သ��မ���အ�နန�� စ�တ�ထ�က ခံစ��ခ�က��တ�က�� �ဖ���ပ�န�ကတ� �ဖစ���က�င�� န��လည�စ�န��ပ����င�ဖ��� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

�မ�။ ။ တ��တ�သမ�တ ခရ��စ��အတ�င�� �မစ�ဆ�ံစ�မံက�န��က�� အ�ပ��တ��င� ဖ�က�သ�မ��ဖ���န�� ကခ�င��ပည�နယ� အတ�င��က တ��တ� ရင�������မ�ပ���ံမ��တ�၊ တ��တ�–�မန�မ� စ��ပ����ရ� စ�က�န�အတ�င�� အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ���နတ�� စ�မံက�န���တ�မ�� ���င�ငံတက� စံ��န��အတ��င�� �လ�စ��ဖ���၊ မ�တတ�� မ�ဝ�ဒ ရ��ဖ��� ကခ�င�အရပ�ဘက� အဖ���အစည���တ�က �တ�င��ဆ��ထ���ကပ�တယ�။ ဒ�ဟ��တ� အ�ပ� KIO ရ�� သ�ဘ�ထ��က�� သ�ပ�ရ�စ။

��ဖ။ ။ [တ��တ�သမ�တအ�နန��] �မစ�ဆ�ံစ�မံက�န�� အပ�အဝင� ရင�������မ�ပ���ံမ��တ�န�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� �မန�မ����င�ငံသ��မ���က�� တ��က����က� �တ��ဆ�ံ��ပ��ပ၊ �ဆ���������င�ရင� �က�င��မယ�လ��� �မင�ပ�တယ�။ အ�ဒ�လ�� �တ��ဆ�ံ���င�ရင� �ပည�သ�ရ�� စ���ရ�မ�ပ�ပန�မ� �တ�က�� �က��ရမယ�၊ �ပန��ပ�� ရ�င��လင���ပ���င�မ�� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

KIO အ�နန��က�တ�� ���င�ငံသ��မ���ရ�� သ�ဘ�ထ���တ�က�� ��ပ��ပ���င�မ�� �ဖစ�သလ�� �မစ�ဆ�ံစ�မံက�န��န�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� သ��စလ��တ�� သတင��စက��မ���က�� ���င�ငံသ��မ���ဆ� �ပ�ပ������င�ပ�တယ�။ ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�ခ�က� ခ�ဖ���က�တ�� KIO ဆ�မ�� မရ��ပ�ဘ��။

�မ�။ ။ ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ တ��တ�အထ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� မစ�တ� ဆ�န���က��ရ�န�က KIO န�� ��မ�က�ပ��င�� မဟ�မ�တ�အဖ���ဝင��တ� �တ��တ� ဘယ�လ�� ရည�ရ�ယ�ခ�က��တ���က�င��ပ�လ�။ တ��တ�တ���က နယ�စပ�က တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ����တ�က�� ဖ�အ�� တစ�ံတရ� ထပ��ပ�တ�မ���� ရ��ပ�သလ��။

��ဖ။ ။ မစ�တ� ဆ�န���က��ရ�န�က�တ�� KIO န�� မ�က�ခဏလ��ရ�က� �တ��ဆ�ံပ�တယ�။ ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ ခရ��စ��ကလည�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� က�စ�ရပ�မ���အ�ပင� တ��တ����င�ငံ သမ�တရ�� ခရ��စ��ရ����က�င�� သတင��စက��လည�� ပ� ပ�တယ�။ ဖ�အ���ပ�တ�မ�����တ�� မရ��ပ�ဘ��။

�မ�။ ။ KIO အပ�အဝင� ��မ�က�ပ��င�� မဟ�မ�တ� အဖ���ဝင�မ���န�� အစ���ရတ��� �တ��ဆ�ံည����င��ဖ���က �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ�ထ� �ရ��သ����ပ�လ��� သ�ရတယ�။ အဓ�က အခက�အခ�က ဘ���က�င��လ�။ ��စ�ဖက� ပဏ�မ အပစ�အခတ�ရပ�စ��ရ� စ�ခ��ပ� ရလ�ဖ��� အတ�က��က� ဘယ��လ�က� န��စပ��ပ�လ�။

��ဖ ။ ။ �တ��ဆ�ံဖ��� ရက��ရ��ရတ�က အခက�အခ� တစ�ံတရ���က�င�� မဟ�တ�ပ�ဘ��။ ��စ�ဖက�စလ�ံ�မ�� အခ��န�ဇယ���တ� ရ���န �ပ��သ�� �ဖစ�တ�ရယ�၊ တ��တ���စ�သစ�က�� အခ��န� �ဖစ�တ�ရယ���က�င��ပ�။ စ�ခ��ပ� မ��ကမ��က�� အ�ပန�အလ�န� �ဆ�������န �ကတ�ဆ���တ�� ဘယ��လ�က� သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�ရ�ပ�လ� ဆ��တ��အ�ပ� မ�တည�ပ�တယ�။ � က �� � စ � � ည����င���န�ကပ�တယ�။

�မ�။ ။ ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ဒ�တ�ယ အပတ� (ဇန� ၁၃–၁၆) အတ�င�� NCA အပစ�ရပ�စ�ခ��ပ� လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ��တ�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည���တ�ရ�� ���င�ငံ�ရ� �ဆ������မ� မ��ဘ�င� �ပင�ဆင��ရ�န�� သက�ဆ��င�တ�� အစည��အ�ဝ�မ�� KIO န�� တ�ခ�� NCA အပစ�ရပ� လက�မ�တ�မထ���ရ�သ�တ�� အဖ����တ� တက��ရ�က� �ဆ������တယ�လ��� သ�ရတယ�။ ဘယ�လ�� က� �တ�က�� အဓ�က ပ�ဝင� �ဆ������ပ�လ�။

Page 41 of 73

��ဖ ။ ။ မ��ဘ�င��ပင�ဆင��ရ� အစည��အ�ဝ�မ�� တက��ရ�က�တ� မဟ�တ�ပ�ဘ��။ ဖက�ဒရယ�အ��ခခံမ� ဆ��င�ရ� �ဆ������ပ�� �တ� ရ��တ��အခ� တက��ရ�က�တ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

�မ�။ ။ တ��စ��က����က� ရပ�တန���နတ�� တရ��ဝင� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �ဆ������မ��တ� �ပန�စ�ပ� ဆ���တ�� KIO က�ရ� ဘယ�လ�� ပ�ဝင� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�သ���ဖ��� ရ��ပ�လ�။

��ဖ ။ ။ ဒ��ဆ������မ��တ�က NCA လက�မ�တ�ထ���ထ��တ�� အဖ���မ���ရ�� �ဆ������မ��တ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ KIO အပ�အဝင� ��မ�က� ပ��င�� အဖ����တ�က�တ�� အစ���ရ က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ���န�� � က �� တ င � ကန��သတ�ခ�က�မ��� မထ��ရ���သ� အပစ�အခတ� ရပ�ဆ��င���ရ� စ�ခ��ပ�အတ�က� �တ��ဆ�ံ �ဆ�������န�ကပ�တယ�။

�မ�။ ။ KIO က NCA က�� လက�မ�တ� �ရ�ထ����တ��မယ�လ��� သတင���တ� �က��ရပ�တယ�။ ၂၀၁၅ က�န ၄ ��စ��က����က�မ� တ���င�ငံလ�ံ� အပစ�ရပ�စ�ခ��ပ�မ�� လက�မ�တ�ထ���ဖ��� ဆ��တ� KIO ဘက�က �ပင�ခ�င�တ��တ� �ပင�လ���ရသ���လ���လ��။ ဘ���က�င�� လ�။ ဒ� NCA လက�မ�တ�ထ���ဖ��� တ��တ�ရ�� က�ည�မ� တစ�ံတရ� ရ��ခ��ပ�လ��။

��ဖ။ ။ �က ��တင�ကန��သတ�ခ�က� မထ��ရ���သ� အပစ�အခတ�ရပ�ဆ��င���ရ� စ�ခ��ပ� လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ����ပ��ရင� စစ��ဘ��ရ��င� (IDP’s) မ��� �နရပ��ပန��ရ�၊ NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ����ရ� က�စ�မ���က�� ဆက��ပ�� �ဆ������သ����ကမ�� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

�မ�။ ။ အစ���ရ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�အဖ���န�� KIO တ��� သ��သန�� ထပ�မံ �တ��သ���ဖ��� ရ��ပ�သလ��။ ဘယ��တ���လ�က� �ဖစ����င�ပ�သလ�။ မ�တ���ဖစ�ရင��က� ဘ���က�င��ပ�လ�။

��ဖ။ ။ လ��အပ�ရင� သ��သန�� �ဆ������မ��တ� ရ��လ�မ�� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ ခ�ခ��န�မ���တ�� မရ���သ�ပ�ဘ��။

�မ�။ ။ ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၆ ရက��န�က ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� ��မ�က�ပ��င��မ��မ�တ�� လက�နက�ခ�ယမ���တ�ဟ� KIO ထ�တ��တ�လ��� တပ�မ�တ��ဘက�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။ ဒ�က�စ�န�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� KIO ဘက�က ရ�င���ပခ�က�က�� သ�ခ�င�ပ�တယ�။

��ဖ။ ။ သတင���တ� တက�လ�မ� က��န��တ��� သ�ရတ�ပ�။ KIO ကထ�တ�တယ�ဆ��တ�က�တ�� မဟ�တ�ပ�ဘ��။ KIO မ�� အ�သ�စ�� �ပ��ပင��ရ� လ�ပ�ငန����ံ�တ�ပ� ရ��တ�ပ�။

�မ�။ ။ �ပ��ခ��တ�� ၂၀၁၉ ��စ�က�န�ပ��င��မ�� ခ�င��မ��င��မ ���မ�� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ��က�� အင�ဘန�လန�� အစ���ရအဖ��� သ���ခ�� �တ��ဆ�ံခ��တယ�။ အ�ဒ� �ဆ������ပ��က ဘ��တ� �ဆ������တ�လ�။

��ဖ။ ။ အလ�တ�သ�ဘ� �တ��ဆ�ံ�ကတ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� က�စ�မ���၊ ��မ�က�ပ��င��အဖ���မ���ရ�� လ��လ��ခ�က� မ���က�� အလ�တ�သ�ဘ� ��ပ�ဆ���ဆ�������ကတ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

�မ�။ ။ ��မ�က�ပ��င�� မဟ�မ�တ��တ� အပစ�ရပ� လက�မ�တ�ထ������င��ရ�အတ�က� ဘယ�အရ�က အဟန��အတ�� �ဖစ��နတ�လ�။

��ဖ။ ။ တခ����အခ�က��တ�က�� ��ပ�ရမယ�ဆ��ရင� ၂ ဖက� လက�ခံဖ��� ခက�ခ��စမယ�� � က �� တ င � ကန��သတ�ခ�က��တ� မထ��ရ���ရ�၊ သက�သက�အ�ဖစ� ပ�ဝင�သ�မ���အ�နန�� တစ�ံတရ� �ပဿန� �ဖစ�ပ���လ�ခ��ရင� “�က��ဝင��စ�စပ� ��ဖရ�င��သ�” အ�ဖစ� တ�ဝန� ရ��မရ�� ဆ��တ�� အခ�က��တ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

�မ�။ ။ ICJ က�စ�မ�� တ�ခ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ����တ�က သ�ဘ�ထ��ထ�တ��ပန��ပမယ�� KIO က�တ�� ��တ�ဆ�တ�ခ��တ� �တ��ရပ�တယ�။ ဘ���က�င��ပ�လ�။

��ဖ။ ။ KIO အ�နန�� တစ�ံတရ� ��ပ�ဖ��� မလ��အပ�ဘ��လ��� ထင��မင�တ��အတ�က���က�င�� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

https://burma.irrawaddy.com/opinion/interview/2020/01/20/213453.html

Page 42 of 73

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လ�မည���င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ည�လ�ခံတ�င� ���င�ငံ�ရ�က�သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�ရမ�သ� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ�သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�ရ���င�မည�

စ�မ��ရ�ထ�ဋ� 20 Jan 2020 | �မန�မ�တ��င��မ��န�စ��

လ�မည�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ည�လ�ခံတ�င� ���င�ငံ�ရ�က� သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�ရရ�� ရန� အ�က�တ�အနယ��ဆ������ရမည� �ဖစ��ပ�� ���င�ငံ�ရ�သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က� ရမ�သ�လ�င� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ�က�သ�ဘ� တ�ည�ခ�က�မ��� ပ�ရရ��မည��ဖစ���က�င�� �န�ပည��တ�� ပ�ဗ�သ�ရ��မ ���နယ� �ပည�သ�� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ�တင� သစ�က ��ပ�သည�။

�သဂ�တ�လက ��မ�က�ပ��င��သ�ံ�ဖ���၏ တ��က�ခ��က�မ���က�င�� ရ�မ���ပည�နယ�၊ �န�င�ခ����မ ���နယ�ရ�� ဓ�တ�ပ�ံ - �အပ� ဂ�တ�တ�င��တံတ��ပ�က�စ��မ�က���တ��ရစ��။

ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက�က �န�ပည��တ�� သဂ�ဟဟ��တယ�၌�ပ�လ�ပ�သည�� လက�ရ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ��ဖစ�စ����င�� အန�ဂတ� အလ��အလ�မ��� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ဖ��ရမ� အဖ�င��အမ��စက�� ��ပ��က��ရ�၌ ထည��သ�င����ပ�ဆ��ခ���ခင���ဖစ�သည�။

''�ပ��ခ��တ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ည�လ�ခံမ�� ���င�ငံ�ရ�၊ စ��ပ����ရ�၊ လ�မ��ရ�၊ ��မယ� န�� သဘ�ဝပတ�ဝန��က�င� စတ��က��လ�ခ�က�� ���င�ငံ�ရ�အင�အ��စ�မ��� အ�က�� သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�အတ��င�� အတ�တစ�ခ�အထ� ရရ��ခ��ပ�တယ�။ သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�မရ�သ�တ�က�တ�� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ�က�ပ�။ ဘ���က�င�� သ�ဘ� တ�ည�ခ�က�မရသလ� �ပန��ကည��မယ� ဆ��ရင� ���င�ငံ�ရ�က�မ��ဆ��ရင� လ�မယ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ည�လ�ခံ�တ�မ�� အ�က�တ� အနယ� နဖ��တ��က�၊ ဒ��တ��က��ဆ������ �ကရမယ��က�စ�က�တ�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လ�မ����စ��တ�၊ �ပည�နယ��တ�က�� က��ယ� ပ��င��ပ��န��ခ�င�� �ပ�မ�ပ�ဆ��တ�၊ �ပည� �ထ�င�စ�က�န�ပ���တ�� တစ�ခ��န�မ�� ခ��ထ�က�ခ�င���ပ�မယ��၊ မ�ပ�မယ��က�စ�က ဒ����င�ငံ�ရ�သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�ရ�ပ��မ� သ�လ�င� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ�က�မ�� သ�ဘ� တ�ည�ခ�က�ရမ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ�''ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

���င�ငံ�ရ���င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန�� စ��မ���တ�င� လ�ငယ�မ���၊ ���င�ငံသ�� မ���က��ယ�တ��င� ပ�ဝင��ဆ�င�ရ�က�ရန� စ�တ�အ��ထက�သန�လ�သည�က�� �တ��ရ သ�ဖင�� ���င�ငံအတ�က� အ��တက�ဖ�ယ� �ဖစ���က�င��၊ �မန�မ����င�ငံသည� �ပည� �ထ�င�စ�၏သက�တမ����င��အမ� လက� နက�က��င� ပဋ�ပက�ခ��ပ��င�မ��သည�ဟ�၍ မရ��ခ����က�င�� ၎င��ကဆက�လက���ပ� သည�။

''�ပည�တ�င��စစ� ခ��ပ��င�မ���ပ���တ��မ� က�န��တ��တ���အ��လ�ံ� သင��သင���မတ� �မတ�၊ �င�မ���င�မ��ခ�မ��ခ�မ���န���င�တ�� စနစ� တစ�ခ�၊ ပ�ံစံတစ�ခ�ဆ��တ� ဒ��မ���မ�န�� ခ�က���က�င�� ရ���ဖ�ဖ����က ���စ��ခ���ကတ� အခ�အခ��န�ထ� လက�ဆ�ပ�လက�က��င�မ�ပ ���င��က�သ�ပ�ဘ��''ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

�ပည��ထ�င�စ��င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ည�လ� ခံ (၂၁) ရ�စ�ပင�လ�ံ တတ�ယအ�က�မ� ��မ�က��ပ�လ�ပ����င�ခ���ပ�� ယခ���စ�အတ�င�� စတ�တ�အ�က�မ��ပ�လ�ပ����င�ရန� စ�စ���န ��က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/news/134062.html

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အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�ပ���ပ�င���က��မတ�၏လ�ပ�ငန��မ��� �ပ��ဆ�ံ�

ထ��သန�� 20 Jan 2020 | �မန�မ�တ��င��မ�အပတ�စ��

၂၀ဝ၈ခ���စ�ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�ပ���ပ�င���က��မ တ�၏ �ဆ�������ခင��၊ အဆ�ံ�အ�ဖတ�ရယ��ခင��လ�ပ�ငန��မ���မ�� �က��မတ�သက�တမ�� ၁၁လ�က����က��မင���ပ���န�က� လ�ပ�ငန��မ����ပ��စ��သ����ပ��ဖစ���က�င�� �က��မတ�အတ�င���ရ�မ�� �ဒ�က�တ��မတ�ဉ�ဏစ���က ��ပ�သည�။

ယ�န�ဇန�နဝ�ရ�၂၀ရက�က က�င��ပ�သ� �က��မတ�အစည��အ�ဝ�အ�ပ��တ�င� ၄င��ကသတင���ထ�က�မ���က�� ��ပ��က��ခ���ခင���ဖစ�သည�။

�က��မတ�သည� ပ�ဒ�မ၄၃၆(က)��င��အက��ံ�ဝင��သ� ပ�ဒ�မမ���၊ ပ�ဒ�မခ��မ���အ�ပ�တ�င� �ပ�စ�ထ��သည�� ဥပ�ဒ�ကမ����င�� ပ�ဒ�မ၄၃၆(ခ)��င��အက��ံ�ဝင�သည�� ပ�ဒ�မမ���၊ ပ�ဒ�မခ��မ���အ�ပ�တ�င� �ပ�စ�ထ��သည��ဥပ�ဒ�ကမ��မ���(��စ�ခ�)က�� အတည��ပ����င�ခ���ပ��ဖစ�က� လ�မည��၂၃ရက�နံနက�ပ��င��တ�င� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� အနည��ဆ�ံ� ၂၀ ရ�ခ��င���န��၏ လက�မ�တ�မ���ရယ��ပ�� ယင���န�ည�နပ��င��၌ �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ�� န�ယကထံ �ပ�ပ���သ���မည��ဖစ�သည�။

''၂၀ရ�ခ��င���န���က���သ����ပ�ဆ��ရင��တ�� ၂၃ရက��န�ည�နမ��ပ� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ����ံ�က�နတစ�ဆင�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ�� န�ယကထံ�ပ�ပ���သ���မ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ�''ဟ� ၄င��က ��ပ��က��သည�။

�က��မတ�က�� �ပ�အပ�ထ���သ�တ�ဝန� ��င��လ�ပ�ပ��င�ခ�င��အရ ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒက�� �ပင�ဆင�သည��ဥပ�ဒမ��ကမ��မ��� လ�တ��တ��န�ယကထံတင�သ�င���ပ��ပ�က �က�� မတ�၏လ�ပ�ငန��တ�ဝန�မ���လည�� �ပ��ဆ�ံ�မည��ဖစ�သည�။ထ�����က�င�� �က��မတ�၏တ�ဝန�လည�� �ပ��စ��လ��ဖစ���က�င��၄င��ကဆက�လက���ပ��က��သည�။

�က��မတ�ကတင�သ�င��မည�� ဥပ�ဒ�ကမ����စ�ခ�အတ�က� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�ဦ��ရ အနည��ဆ�ံ�၂၀ရ�ခ��င���န��၏ လက�မ�တ�လ��မည��ဖစ�သည�။ ယင��အတ�က� အ���င�ရအင�န�အယ�လ�ဒ� ပ�တ��ဖင��ပင� �က���လ�န����င��သ��လည�� အ�ခ���သ�ပ�တ�မ���၊ အဖ���အစည��မ���က��ပ� ပ�ဝင�လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ရန�လည�� ၄င��ကဖ�တ��ခ�ခ��သည�။

ယ�န�အစည��အ�ဝ�တ�င�လည�� အင�န�အယ�လ�ဒ�ပ�တ�ဝင�မ���အ�ပင� အ�ခ���သ�တ��င��ရင��သ��ပ�တ�မ���မ� �က��မတ�ဝင�မ���လည�� လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ခ��သည�။

''��ပ�ခ�င�တ��လ�တစ�ခ�က�တ�� ည���တ�မ�ပ�။ တစ��ယ�က�တစ��ပ�က��ပ��။ အ�မင� �တ�မတ����င�ပ�ဘ��။ အ�ဒ�လ��သ� က���ပ��မ��တ�အရမ��မ����နမယ�ဆ��ရင��တ�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဖ���ဟ� တစ��ဖည���ဖည��ပ���ပ���တ�� �ဝ��နမ��ပ�''ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ��က��သည�။

ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင����င��ရ�သည� လ�တ��တ��တ�င��ရ�� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ���၏ ၇၅ရ�ခ��င� ��န���က����ထ�က�ခံရန�လည��လ��အပ��နရ� �ပည�သ��ဆ��က���ဖည��ဆည�����င��ရ�အတ�က� ည���တ�မ�ရ��ရန�၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

''အဓ�က�ပည�သ��အသံပ�။ �ပည�သ��အသံလ�တ��တ��အသံ�ဖစ��အ�င� �ပည�သ��အသံက��န���ထ�င��ပ���တ�� �ဆ������ဖ���ပ�'' ဟ� ၎င��က��ပ�သည�။သ����သ��လည�� ပ�တ�အလ��က�၊ က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�တစ��ယ�က�ခ�င��စ�အလ��က� အ�မင�အမ����မ�����ဖင���ဆ�������က မည�သ��ဖစ���က�င�� ဆက�လက���ပ��က��သည�။

Page 44 of 73

�က��မတ�ဝင�တစ�ဦ��ဖစ�သ� က���ကန��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ���င��ည���တ��ရ�ပ�တ�မ� ဦ�ရန�က�င��ကန�ကမ� ၄င��တ����ပင�ဆင�လ��သည��အ ခ�က�မ��� ဥပ�ဒ�ကမ��မ���တ�င� မပ�ဝင�ခ���သ��လည�� �န�င�တ�င��ပင�ဆင����င�ရန�အတ�က� အခ�င��အလမ��တစ�ခ�အ�ဖစ����မင��သ� ��က�င�� ယခ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ��အ�ပ� အ�က�င���မင�ခ��သည�။''ဒ�ဟ� မ�န�ကန�တ��လ�ပ�ငန��စ��တစ�ခ�အ�ဖစ� �မင�ပ�တယ�''ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ���င��ပတ�သက��ပ�� အဆ�ံ�အ�ဖတ��ပ����င�မည��သ�၏ စ�တ��စတန�ကသ�လ�င� အဆ�ံ�အ�ဖတ��ဖစ�သ���မည�ဟ� ၎င��က ဆ��သည�။

''�န�က�ဆ�ံ� ဒ�ဟ��တ�က��အဆ�ံ�အ�ဖတ��ပ����င�မယ�� Key Player ရ��သ�ဘ�ထ��က���တ�� �မ���လင��လ���ရပ��သ�တယ�။ �ပင�ဆင�လ��တ�� စ�တ��စတန�ဟ� က�န��တ��တ���ရ��လ�ပ��ဆ�င�ခ�က�က�� အဆ�ံ�အ�ဖတ��ပ�သ���မယ�လ����မင�ပ�တယ�''ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/news/134093.html

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၂၀၀၈ အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒက�� ဖ�က�သ�မ���ပ�ရန� �က��င��သ��မ��� စ��ပ�င���တ�င��ဆ��မည�

By ထက��မတ� | 20 January 2020

မ� ��လ�၊ ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၂၀၊ ၂၀၂၀ ။ ။ ဗမ����င�ငံလ�ံ�ဆ��င�ရ� �က��င��သ��သမဂ�မ���အဖ���ခ��ပ� သတ�မအ�က�မ���မ�က� ည�လ�ခံ(က�န�ဂရက�) တ�င� လက�ရ�� �ဖစ��ပ��န�သ� �ပဿန�မ���အ���ဆ������ခ��ရ� ရင���မစ�မ�� ၂၀၀၈ ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ဖစ���က�င�� အ��လ�ံ�က ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�လ��က��ပ�� ဖ�က�သ�မ���ပ�ရန� �တ�င��ဆ��သ���မည��ဖစ�သည�။

ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၆ရက�မ� ၁၉ရက��န�အထ� ရတန�ပ�ံတက�သ��လ� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�ခမ��မတ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ��သ� ဗမ����င�ငံလ�ံ�ဆ��င�ရ� �က��င��သ��သမဂ�မ���အဖ���ခ��ပ� သတ�မ အ�က�မ� ��မ�က� ည�လ�ခံတ�င� �က��င��သ��မ��� အ��လ�ံ�သ�ဘ�တ�ည� က� ယခ�က��သ��� �တ�င��ဆ��ရန� စ�စ���ခင���ဖစ�သည�။

`` လက�ရ�����င�ငံ�ရ��ပဿန�အက�န�လ�ံ�ရ�� အရင��အ�မစ�က ၂၀၀၈ဖ���စည��အ�ပ�ခ��ပ�ပ�ံ အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ဖစ�တယ�လ��� တက��ရ�က�လ�တ���က��င��သ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ��တ��ရ�၊ တက��ရ�က�သ�အ��လ�ံ�က�ရ�ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�လ��က�တယ�၊ ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�န�� မည���တ�တ�� ၂၀၀၈ဖ���စည��ပ�ံက�� ဖ�က�သ�မ��ဖ���အထ� က�န��တ��တ����က��င��သ���တ��တ�င��ဆ��သ��� မ���ဖစ�တယ�၊ ဖ���စည��ပ�ံဖ�က�သ�မ���ပ��သ���ရင� ဘယ�လ��မ����အစ��ထ���မလ�ဆ��တ�က���တ�� က�န��တ��တ��� ���င�ငံ�ရ� �လ�လ�မ��တ��ပ�လ�ပ�ရဦ�မယ�၊ ဖ�က�သ�မ���ပ���ပ��ဆ��ရင��တ�� �ပည�သ��တ�ရ�� ဆ��အန�� အည��ရ�ဆ��ထ��တ�� ဖက�ဒရယ� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ� တည��ဆ�က� ���င��ရ� အတ�က� အ�ထ�က�အပံ��ပ����င�တ�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒတခ�က���ရ�ဆ�� �ပ�ဖ����တ�င��ဆ��သ���မ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ� ” ဟ� ဗမ����င�ငံလ�ံ�ဆ��င�ရ��က��င�သ��သမဂ�အဖ���ခ��ပ�၊ အ�ထ��ထ�အတ�င���ရ� မ�� က��ထ��ခန���သ��က ��ပ�သည�။

အဆ��ပ�ည�လ�ခံတ�င� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�အ�ပင� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�တည��ဆ�က����င�ရန�အတ�က� လက� နက�ခ� �ဆ�������ရ�မ�က�� မက��င�စ��ဘ� �ဆ������ရန�၊ �ပည�သ�မ���က��သ� အဓ�ကအ���ဖင�� အထ�န��စသည�� ထ���စစ� ဆင��နမ�မ���က�� ခ�က��ခင��ရပ�တန��ရန���င�� �ပည�တ�င��စစ�ရပ�စ��ရ�က�စ�ရပ�မ���က�� တ�ဝန�ရ��သ���စ� ဖက�လ�ံ�မ� အ�မန�ဆ�ံ�အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ���ဆ�င�ရ�က��ပ�ရန�၊ မ�ပ��င�ခ�ပ��ဒ�င��အလံက�� �က��င�သ��မဟ�တ�သည��အဖ���အစည��မ���၊ ���င�ငံ�ရ�ပ�တ�အ��လ�ံ� ခ�ပ��ဒ�င���အ�င�လံ�တ��က�� မ�လပ��င�ရ�င��ဖစ�သည�� �က��င��သ��မ���လက�သ��� အ�မန�ဆ�ံ�အပ���င��ရန�၊ �က��င��သ�� သမဂ�မဟ�တ�သည��အ ဖ���အစည��မ���က အဖ���ခ��ပ� တံဆ�ပ�အ�� လ�ံ�ဝအသ�ံ�မ�ပ�ရန���င�� “�အ�င�ပ��အဆက�ဆက�ခံဦ�မည�” ဟ��သ�

Page 45 of 73

သ��ခ�င��အပ�အဝင� အ�ခ���က��င��သ�� ထ� တ��က�ပ��ဝင�သ��ခ�င��မ���အ�� အလ��သ�ံ�စ��မ�ပ�ရန� စသည��အခ�က�တ���က��လည�� ထ�တ��ပန���ကည�ခ��သည�။

“၂၀၀၈အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�န�� �ပည�တ�င���င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�က��တ�က�� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�ဖ����က�တ�� တထ��င�တည�� န��လ�ပ�လ���မရဘ��၊ ဘ�လ�ပ�ရမလ�ဆ���တ�� ဗကသမ����ဆက��ဟ�င���တ�ရ��မယ� သ�တ���ဆ�က နည��န��တ�ယ�ရမယ�၊ �က��င��သ��ထ��တ� ��������မ��တ�လ�ပ�ရမယ�။ အ�ဒ�က�န ဘယ�ဟ��တ�က အမ����တ�လ�ဆ��တ�က�� က�န��တ��တ��� �ထ�က��ပရမယ�၊ �က��င��သ��ထ� ပ�လ��အ�င� က�န��တ��တ���က စည����ံ��ပ���တ�� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�သ���မ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ�” ဟ� အဆ��ပ�အဖ���ခ��ပ�ဥက�ဌ က��သက��မ�င��မ�င�က��ပ�သည�။

ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�က�စ�၊ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�က�စ�၊ အလံ��င�� သ��ခ�င��က�စ� ရပ�မ���အ�ပင� လက�ရ���ဖစ��ပ��န�သ� အ�ဝ�သင� ပည��ရ� �က��င��တက�က�လအ�� ��စ�သ�တ�ခ��၍တက��ရ�က�ရ မည��က�စ�၊ အ��ခခံပည�သင�က�လ တ����မင���ခင�� က�စ���င�� မ� ��လ�တက�သ��လ�တ�င��ဖစ��ပ��န�သ� က�စ�ရပ� မ���က��လည�� �က��င��သ��မ���ဘက� က ဗကသက က�ည��ပ�သ���မည�ဟ� သ�ရသည�။

http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/article/65939

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�မန�မ�-တ��တ� ��စ����င�ငံအ�က�� �က��က��ဖ�အထ��စ��ပ����ရ�ဇ�န�၊ �ရနက�ဆ�ပ�ကမ��ဆ��င�ရ� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ�အပ�အဝင� က�စ�ံ န��လည�မ�စ�ခ�န�လ����င�� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� ၃၃ ခ� လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���

Published 18 January 2020 | �အ�င�မင��သ�န��

���င�ငံ�တ��၏အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ���င�� တ��တ�����င�ငံသမ�တတ��� ဦ��ဆ�င�၍ ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက�က သမ�တအ�မ��တ��တ�င� ��စ����င�ငံ �ဆ������ပ���ပ�လ�ပ�စ�� (Photo: MOI)

���င�ငံ�တ��၏ အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ� �ဒ��အ�င�ဆန��စ��ကည���င�� တ��တ����င�ငံသမ�တ ရ��က�င�ပင�� ဦ��ဆ�င��သ� ��စ����င�ငံ�ဆ������ပ��က�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက� နံနက�ပ��င��က �န�ပည��တ��ရ�� ���င�ငံ�တ��သမ�တအ�မ��တ�� သံတမန��ဆ�င�တ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ�ခ��သည�။

အဆ��ပ� �တ��ဆ�ံ�ဆ������ပ��တ�င� �မန�မ����င�ငံ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ���င�� ဖ�ံ��ဖ ���တ���တက��ရ�၊ NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ����ခင�� မရ���သ�သည�� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ��� NCA လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ����ပ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �ဖစ�စ��မ���တ�င� ပ�ဝင�လ��ရ�၊ �မန�မ�-တ��တ� စ��ပ����ရ�စ�က� ထ��ထ�င��ရ�၊ �က��က��ဖ� အထ��စ��ပ����ရ�ဇ�န���င�� �ရနက�ဆ�ပ�ကမ��၊ �မန�မ�-တ��တ� စ��ပ����ရ�ဇ�န���င�� ရန�က�န��မ ���သစ�စ�မံက�န�� �အ�င��မင�စ�� အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ���ရ�၊ �မန�မ����င�ငံ၏ စက�မ�က�၊ လ�ပ�စစ�က�၊ လမ��ပန��ဆက�သ�ယ��ရ�က�၊ လယ�ယ�စ��က�ပ�����ရ�က�၊ ရင�������မ�ပ���ံမ���င�� က�န�သ�ယ�မ�က� ဖ�ံ��ဖ ���တ���တက��ရ�၊ �မန�မ��ထ�က�က�န� ပစ�ည��မ��� တင�ပ������င��ရ�၊ ��စ����င�ငံ �ပည�သ�အခ�င��ခ�င�� ခ�စ��ကည�ရင������မ� �မင��တင��ရ�၊ ��စ����င�ငံ �ဆ�မ�����ပ�က��ဖ�� ခ�စ��ကည��ရ���င�� �အ�အတ�ပ�အမ� အသ��က�အဝန�� ထ��ထ�င��ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� က�စ�ရပ�မ���က�� �ဆ������ခ���က��က�င�� �ပန��က���ရ�ဝန��က��ဌ�နက သတင��ထ�တ��ပန�သည�။

��စ����င�ငံ �တ��ဆ�ံ�ဆ������ပ��သ��� ���င�ငံ�တ��၏ အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ���င��အတ� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�ဝန��က��မ����ဖစ��ကသည�� ဒ�တ�ယ ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ��က���က����ဆ�၊ ဦ��က���တင���ဆ�၊ �ဒ�က�တ��ဖ�မင��၊ ဦ�မင��သ�၊ �ဒ�က�တ� �အ�င�သ�၊ ဦ�သန��စင��မ�င�၊ ဦ�ဝင��ခ��င�၊ �ဒ�က�တ�သန���မင��၊ ဦ��သ�င��ထ�န��၊ ဦ�ဟန��ဇ��၊ ဦ��က���တင�၊ တ��တ��ပည�သ��သမ�တ���င�ငံဆ��င�ရ� �မန�မ����င�ငံသံအမတ��က�� ဦ�မ����သန���ဖ��င�� တ�ဝန�ရ��သ�မ��� တက��ရ�က��က�ပ�� တ��တ����င�ငံဘက�မ� တ��တ�သမ�တ ရ��က�င�ပင����င��အတ� တ��တ����င�ငံ

Page 46 of 73

���င�ငံ�တ���က�င�စ�ဝင���င�� ���င�ငံ�ခ���ရ�ဝန��က�� ဝမ�ယ���င�� အဆင���မင��အရ�ရ���က��မ���၊ �မန�မ����င�ငံဆ��င�ရ� တ��တ�သံအမတ��က�� မစ�တ�ခ�န��ဟ��င�တ��� တက��ရ�က�ခ���က��က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

ယင���ဆ������ပ��အ�ပ��တ�င� ��စ����င�ငံ သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�၊ န��လည�မ�စ�ခ�န�လ����ှင�� စ�လ��မ��� လ�လ�ယ�သည�� အခမ��အန��က�� ဆက�လက�က�င��ပခ���ပ�� အဆ��ပ�အခမ��အန��တ�င� ���င�ငံ�တ��၏အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ� �ဒ��အ�င�ဆန��စ��ကည���င�� တ��တ����င�ငံသမ�တ ရ��က�င�ပင��တ��� �ရ���မ��က�၌ သက�ဆ��င�ရ� က�အသ��သ��မ� ��စ����င�ငံတ�ဝန�ရ��သ�မ���က ��စ����င�ငံအ�က�� က�စ�ံအတ�က� န��လည�မ�စ�ခ�န�လ��၊ လ����ပ�င���ခင��စ�လ��၊ သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�၊ သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� စ�စ��ပ�င�� ၃၃ ခ�က�� လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ခ���က�ပ�� ၂၉ ခ�အ�� လ�လ�ယ�ခ���ကက� �လ�ခ�အ�� လ�လ�ယ�မ��ပ�လ�ပ�ခ���ခင��မရ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

ထ��သ���လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ပ�� အခမ��အန��တ�င� လ�လ�ယ�မ�မ�ပ�ခ��သည�� စ�ခ��ပ�စ�ရင��မ�� ရန�က�န��မစ�ဝ အ�န�က�ဘက�ကမ�� ထ�န��သ�မ���ရ�စ�မံက�န�� �ဖစ����င���ခ�လ�လ�မ�ဆ��င�ရ� န��လည�မ�စ�ခ�န�လ��၊ မ� ��လ�-ပ�ဂံ ရထ��လမ��စ�မံက�န�� �ဖစ����င���ခ�လ�လ�မ�န��လည�မ� စ�ခ�န�လ��၊ “ ၀” တစ�လ�ံ� ဥမင�လ��ဏ��ခ�င�� စ�မံက�န�� �ဖစ����င���ခ�လ�လ�မ�ဆ��င�ရ� န��လည�မ�စ�ခ�န�လ��၊ မ��လင��ခ���င� သဘ�ဝဓ�တ��င��မ� လ�ပ�စစ�ဓ�တ�အ�� ထ�တ�မ�ဆ��င�ရ�စ�လ��တ��� �ဖစ��ကသည�။

ထ����န�က� မ�န��လ��ပ��င��တ�င� ���င�ငံ�တ��၏ အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ�သည� တ��တ�သမ�တ ဦ��ဆ�င�သည�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�အဖ���က�� �န�ပည��တ��ရ�� �ရ�စံအ�မ�ဟ��တယ�၌ ဂ�ဏ��ပ��န�လယ�စ��ဖင�� တည�ခင��ဧည��ခံခ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

https://news-eleven.com/article/155070

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�မန�မ��တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���မ���က�� လက�နက��ထ�က�ပံ��ပ��ခင��မရ��ဟ� တ��တ�သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င���ပ�

By စ���သ��အ�င� | 18 January 2020

ရန�က�န�၊ ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ။ ။ �မန�မ����င�ငံအတ�င��ရ�� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���အစည��မ���သ��� တ��တ����င�ငံမ��န၍ လက�နက��ထ�က�ပံ��န�ခင��မ���� လ�ံ�မရ��ဟ� သမ�တရ��က�င��ဖ�င�က တပ�မ�တ��က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ�မ���က�� မင���အ�င�လ�င���င�� �တ��ဆ�ံ�ဆ������မ�တ�င� ထည��သ�င�� ��ပ�ဆ��သည�ဟ� က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ���ံ�က ထ�တ��ပန�သည�။

PHOTO- တပ�မ�တ��က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ���ံ�

�မန�မ����င�ငံတ�င��ရ�က�ရ���နသည�� တ��တ��ပည�သ��သမ�တ���င�ငံ သမ�တရ��သည� တပ�မ�တ��က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ�မ���က�� မင���အ�င�လ�င���င�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက�နံနက�ပ��င�� �န�ပည��တ��ရ�� Horizon Lake View Resort Hotel ဧည��ခန��မ�ဆ�င�၌�တ��ဆ�ံခ���ခင���ဖစ�သည�။

“အမ���က စ�ပ�စ����ပ��က���နသလ�� �မန�မ����င�ငံရ�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���အစည��မ���က�� လက�နက�၊ ခ�ယမ��မ��� �ထ�က�ပံ��ပ��န�ခင�� လ�ံ�ဝမရ����က�င��၊ အ�ခ��နည��လမ��မ�����င�� ရရ�����င�သည� �ဖစ�၍ မ�မ�တ���ကလည�� �သခ��စ��စ�စစ� ��ဖရ�င���ပ� သ��� မည� �ဖစ���က�င��” သမ�တရ��က��ပ�ဆ��ခ��သည�ဟ� တပ�မ�တ��က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ���ံ�မ�ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�တ�င� ပ�ရ��သည�။

တပ�မ�တ��သတင��မ�န��ပန��က���ရ� အတ�င���ရ�မ�� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ��ဇ��မင��ထ�န��က “ အ�ခ�����င�ငံမ���ရ�� �ပည�တ�င���ရ� ဝင��ရ�က�စ�ပ�ဖက��ခင��က�� တ��တ����င�ငံအ�န�ဖင�� လက�မခံတ�� အ��က�င��၊ �ဆ�မ����

Page 47 of 73

�ပ�က��ဖ��ဆက�ဆံ�ရ�ထ�န��သ�မ��ဖ���အတ�က� မ��င��ပ�င�� ၂၀၀၀ �က���နယ�န�မ�တ�ခ�င��ထ�စပ��နတ�� နယ�စပ� �ဒသဆ��င� ရ�ပ���ပ�င��မ�က�� တ����မင���ရ�အ�ရ��က��တ��အ��က�င�� ��ပ�ခ��ပ�တယ�” ဟ� မဇ���မသ��� ��ပ�သည�။

�ဆ������ပ��တ�င� တပ�ခ��ပ� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ�မ���က��မင���အ�င�လ�င�က “ ���င�ငံတစ����င�ငံ တည��င�မ� �အ�ခ�မ��ရန���င�� ဥပ�ဒ��င��အည��ဖစ�ရန�အတ�က� အစ���ရ၏ ထ�န���က��င��မ�သည�မ���စ��အ�ရ�ပ��ပ�� မ�မ�တ������င�ငံတ�င�လည�� တည��င�မ� �အ�ခ�မ���ရ�အတ�က� နည��လမ��မ����စ�ံ�ဖင�� �က ���ပမ���ဆ�င�ရ�က� လ�က�ရ�� ပ���က�င��၊ �င�မ��ခ�မ�� �ရ�ရရ��ရန� �ဆ�င�ရ�က� �န�သ��လည�� တ��င���ပည�တ���တက�မ�မရ��ပ�က �ပည�သ�မ���က ယ�ံ�ကည����င�ရန� ခ�ယ���မည��ဖစ�ပ���က�င��” ��ပ�ဆ��ခ��သည�ဟ� ဆ��သည�။

ထ���အ�ပင� လက�ရ��ဂမ�ဘ�ယ����င�ငံ၏တရ��စ��ဆ��မ�က�� ခံထ��ရသည���မန�မ����င�ငံအတ�က� ���င�ငံတက� နယ�ပယ�တ�င� �မန�မ����င�ငံ ဘက�မ� ဆက�လက�ရပ�တည� �ထ�က�ခံ�ပ� သ���မည��ဖစ���က�င�� �ဆ��������ပ��က����က�င��လည�� သ�ရသည�။

တ��တ�-�မန�မ�နယ�စပ� အန�� လ�ပ�ရ���လ�က�ရ���သ� ��မ�က�ပ��င��အဖ���ဝင� တစ�ဖ����ဖစ�သည�� တအန��(ပ�လ�င�) အမ����သ�� လ�တ���မ�က��ရ�တပ�(TNLA)ပ��င� စစ�လက�နက�ပစ�ည�� အ��မ�က�အ�မ��က�� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�����င�� ပ��င��က တပ�မ�တ��မ� သ�မ�� ဆည�� ရမ�ခ��ရ� တ��တ����င�ငံထ�တ� စစ�လက�နက�ပစ�ည��မ��� ပ�ဝင�ခ��သည�။

အဆ��ပ� က�စ�ရပ���င��ပတ�သက�၍ တ��တ����င�ငံမ� ��မ�က�ပ��င��အဖ���တခ����က�� လက�နက� �ထ�က�ပံ��ပ�သည� ဆ�� �သ� �ဝန�မ�မ��� ထ�က��ပ�လ�ခ��သည�။

သ����သ�� တ��တ����င�ငံမ� �ထ�က�ပံ�သည�ဆ���သ� သက��သ တ�တ� က�က� မရ����က�င�� တပ�မ�တ�� ဘက�မ� မဇ��မသ��� ��ဖဆ��ဖ��သည�။

စစ��ရ� အက�ခတ�မ���က�တ�� ��မ�က�ပ��င��မဟ�မ�တ�သည� တ��တ�၏�သဇ�လ�မ��မ���မ�ရ���ပ�� လက�နက�မ���သည� ၀ အဖ���မ�တစ�ဆင�� ရလ�ခ���ခင���ဖစ�သည�ဟ� ��ပ�ဆ���ကသည�။

တ��တ�သမ�တ၏ �မန�မ����င�ငံ ခရ��စ��အတ�င�� �မန�မ��ပည� ��မ�က�ပ��င��တ�င� အ��ခခ�သည�� လက�နက�က��င�မ�����င�� တပ�မ�တ��တ����က��က �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ��မ�� အခက�အခ��ဖစ��န�သ� �ပဿန�မ���က�� ��ဖရ�င�����င�မည�� နည��လမ�� ရ���တ��ရန� �မ���လင����က�င�� "ဝ" အဖ��� မ� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၅ ရက�က ထ�တ��ပန�ခ��သည�။

အဆ��ပ� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�အရ တ��တ����င�ငံသည� �မန�မ���င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� အ�ပင� ��မ�က�ပ��င��အဖ���မ�����င�� အပစ�အခတ� ရပ�စ����င��ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��မ���တ�င� အ�ရ�ပ�သည�� က�မ�� ပ�ဝင� ပတ�သက��နသည�� သ�ဘ�လည�� �ဖစ�သည�။

သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င�သည� ၂၀၀၉ ခ���စ�က ဒ�တ�ယသမ�တအ�ဖစ� �မန�မ����င�ငံသ��� �ရ�က�ရ��ခ��ဖ��သည�။ ယခ� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၇ ရက�တ�င� လ��ရ�က�မည�� �မန�မ��ပည� ခရ��စ��သည� �မန�မ�-တ��တ� ဆက�ဆံ�ရ� ��စ� (၇၀) �ပည�� ၎င��၏ သမ�တ သက�တမ��တ�င� ပထမဆ�ံ�အ�က�မ� လ��ရ�က�ခ��သည�� ခရ��စ��လည�� �ဖစ�သည�။

သ����သ��လည�� သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င���င�� တပ�မ�တ��က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ�မ���က�� မင���အ�င�လ�င�တ���သည� ယခ��တ��ဆ�ံ မ�ပ�ဝင�ပ� �တ��ဆ�ံမ� စ�စ��ပ�င�� ၆ �က�မ�တ�တ�ရ��ခ���ပ�လည���ဖစ�သည�။

http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/article/65789

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တ��င��ရင��သ���တ�က�� “လက�နက�မ�ပ�ဘ��” လ��� တ��တ���ပ��က��မ� မယ�ံ�ကည��က

By ထက����င��ဇ�� | 19 January 2020

တပ�မ�တ�� က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ�မ���က�� မင���အ�င�လ�င���င�� သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င� / တပ�မ�တ��က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ���ံ�

�မန�မ����င�ငံက တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ��� အစည��မ���က�� တ��တ����င�ငံက လက�နက�၊ ခ�ယမ��မ��� �ထ�က�ပံ� �ခင�� မရ����က�င�� တ��တ�သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င�၏ ��ပ�ဆ��မ�က�� ယ�ံ�ကည�မ� မရ����က�င�� �မန�မ�����င�ငံ�ရ� အသ��င��အဝ��င��က တ�န���ပန���ပ�ဆ��သည�။

�န�ပည��တ��တ�င� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက��န�က တ��တ�သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င�သည� တပ�မ�တ�� က�က�ယ��ရ� ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ�မ���က�� မင���အ�င�လ�င���င�� �တ�� ဆ�ံစ�� မည�သည��အဖ���အစည���ဖစ��စ တ��တ����င�ငံပ��င�နက�က�� အသ�ံ��ပ��ပ�� �မန�မ�က�� ထ�ခ��က��အ�င� �ဆ�င�ရ�က��ခင��မ����က�� လက�မခံ��က�င��၊ အမ���က စ�ပ�စ���နသလ�� �မန�မ�က လက�နက�က��င� အဖ����တ�က��လည�� တ��တ�က လက�နက� မ�ထ�က�ပံ���က�င�� ��ပ�ဆ��ခ��သည�။

ထ����ပင� အ�ခ��နည��လမ����င�� ရရ�����င�သည��ဖစ�၍ ၎င��တ���က �သခ��စ�� စ�စစ���ဖရ�င���ပ�မည� �ဖစ���က�င�� တ��တ�သမ�တ က ��ပ�သည�။

ရက� ��င�တပ�မ�တ�� (AA) �ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ��� အပ�အဝင� တ��တ�-�မန�မ� နယ�စပ� အ��ခစ��က� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အခ����၏ �ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ���က�� တ��တ�က လက�ရ�� အခ��န�အထ� လက�ခံ�ပ�ထ��သည�။ ထ����က�င�� တ��တ�သည� �မန�မ� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���မ���က�� �က��ခံထ��၍ �မန�မ�����င�ငံ�ရ� ခ��န���အ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ�၍ လ��သလ�� ကစ���နသည�ဟ� �မန�မ�အသ��င��အဝ��င��က ��ပ�ဆ��မ�မ���ရ���နသည�။

ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� သ��ပ��မ ���နယ� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ��ဟ�င�� ဦ�ရ�ထ�န�� က “သ� (သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င�) ��ပ�တ�က�� �မန�မ��ပည�သ� လ�ထ�က�တ�� ယ�ံမယ� မထင�ပ�ဘ��” ဟ� ဧရ�ဝတ�သ��� ��ပ�သည�။

တကယ��လက��တ��တ�င� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ��� မ���ထံ၌ တ��တ����င�ငံထ�တ� လက�နက�အ�က�င��စ��မ��� အ�ပင� �လယ���ပစ� လက�နက�မ���ပင� ရ���နသ�ဖင�� ယခ�လက�နက�မ��� မည�က��သ��� ရရ��သည�က�� �မ�ခ�င���က�င��၊ ယ ခင�က ဗမ��ပည�က�န��မ�နစ�ပ�တ�က�� တ��တ�က �ပ��ပ�တင�တင� �ထ�က�ပံ�ခ��စ��ကလည�� ဝန�မခံခ����က�င�� ဦ�ရ�ထ�န��က ��ပ�သည�။

၎င�� ဆက�၍ “�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�မ��လည�� သ�တ���က ဒ�အဖ��� �တ�အ�ပ�မ�� �သဇ�ရ���နတယ�ဆ��တ�က ဘ���က�င�� �သဇ� ရ�� တ�လ�။ အလက�� သက�သက��တ�� �သဇ�မရ��ဘ��။ ဒ�လ�� အ�ပ�အကမ�� အ�ထ�က�အပံ��တ� မရ��ရင� ဘယ�လ��လ�ပ� �သဇ�ရ��မ��တ�န��” ဟ� �မ�ခ�န��ထ�တ�သည�။

�ပ��ခ��သည�� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�၊ ���ဝင�ဘ�လကလည�� ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� ��မ�က�ပ��င��၊ နမ��ဆန��မ ���နယ� ဟ��မ�န���က��ရ��တ�င� ပ�လ�င� (တအန��) အမ����သ��လ�တ� ��မ�က��ရ� တပ�မ�တ�� (TNLA) မ� သ���လ��င�ထ��သည�� �လယ���ပစ� ဒ�ံ�လက�နက� အပ� အဝင� လက�နက�ခ�ယမ�� �လ��သ�င���က���က�� သ�မ��ဆည��ရမ�ခ��ရ� တ��တ�လက�နက� အမ���စ� �ဖစ���က�င�� တပ� မ�တ��က ထ�တ��ဖ����ပ�ဆ��ခ��သည�။

���င�ငံ�ရ� �လ�လ�သ�ံ�သပ�သ� စ��ရ�ဆရ� ဦ�သန��စ������င� က “TNLA ဆ�က မ�တ��လက�နက��တ�အထ�မ�� တ��တ� လက� နက��တ�က အမ����က��ပ�။ အ�ဒ�မ�� M – 16 မ�တ�က ၉ လက�ပ� �တ�� တယ�။ က�န�တ��တ�က တ��တ��ပည�က လက�နက��တ� �ဖစ��နတယ�” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

Page 49 of 73

တ��တ����င�ငံ ဗဟ��အစ���ရ၏ �ပ�လစ�အရ �မန�မ����င�ငံရ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ��� အစည��မ���က�� လက�နက� တ��က����က� �ရ�င�� ခ�မည� မဟ�တ��သ��လည�� ယင��အဖ��� အစည��သည� ၎င��တ��� လ��အပ�သည�� လက�နက�ခ�ယမ��မ���က�� တ��တ�ဘက�မ� ဝယ�ယ�၍ ရ�န��က�င��၊ ယခ�လက�နက� အ�ရ�င��အဝယ� က�စ�မ���က�� သမ�တရ��က�င�ဖ�င� တ�ဝန�ယ����င�လ�မ��မည� မထင���က�င�� ဦ�သန��စ������င�က ��ပ�သည�။

ဦ�သန��စ������င� က “ဒ�က�စ�က ���င�ငံ�တ�� �ပ�လစ� မဟ�တ��ပမယ�� �ဒသဆ��င�ရ� ပ�ဝင�ပတ�သက��နတ�� သ�တ��� တပ�မတ��က အစ�တ�အပ��င�� တခ�����တ�� ရ���က�င��ရ�����င�တယ�လ��� ထင�ပ�တယ�။ ရ��က�� ရ��ပ�လ�မ��မယ�။ က�န�သ�ယ��ရ� လ�ပ�သလ�� တရ��ဝင�လမ����က�င�� က�န�တ�� လ��နတ�မ���� မဟ�တ�ဘ���ပ��” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ��� မ���ထ�တ�င� UWSA “ဝ” အဖ��� ၊ မ��င��လ����င�� က���ကန�� အဖ��� မ���သည� တ��တ���င�� အ လ�န� န��စပ�မ� ရ��သလ�� ကခ�င�လ�တ���မ�က��ရ� တပ�မ�တ�� (KIA) သည�လည�� တ��တ���င�� ဆက�စပ�မ� ရ��သည�� အဖ��� အစည��တခ� �ဖစ�သည�။

တ��တ����င�ငံသည� �မန�မ����င�ငံတ�င� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �ဖစ�စ��မ��� တ���တက�မ�ရ��လ��အ�င� အက�အည� �ပ�မည�ဟ� အစ�� တစ��က� ထ�တ��ဖ����ပ�ဆ���လ�ရ��သည��နည��တ� �မန�မ�အစ���ရက��လည�� တရ��ဝင� �င���က��ထ�က�ပံ�မ�မ��� �ပ�အပ� လ�က� ရ��သည�။

ရ�မ��အမ����သ�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ� အဖ��� ခ��ပ�မ� �ပည�သ��လ�တ��တ��က��ယ� ဦ�စ��င��ထ�န���အ� က “တ��တ� အစ���ရအ�နန�� တ��င��ရင�� သ�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ����တ�က�� အ���ပ��ထ�က�ပံ�မ� မရ��ဘ��လ��� ��ပ��ပမယ�� ��မ�ပင� မ��က ဝ �ဒသ၊ က���ကန��န�� မ��င�� လ�� က��ယ�ပ��င�အ�ပ�ခ��ပ�ခ�င��ရ�ဒသ �တ�မ�� ရ��တ�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ��� အစည���တ� �ကည��လ��က�လ��� ရ��ရင� သ�တ���လက� နက��တ�ဟ� တ��တ�က ထ�တ�တ�� လက�နက��တ� �ဖစ��နတယ�” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

တ��တ����င�ငံက ပံ�ပ���မ� မရ����က�င�� ��ပ�ဆ���န�သ��လည�� တ��င��ရင��သ��မ���သည�� လက�နက�မ��� အင�အ��အ�ပည���ဖင�� တည��ဆ�က����င�မ�သည� တ��တ�က အ��မ�ပ�သည��တ��င� မ�က�စ�မ��တ��ပ�ထ��သည�� သ�ဘ�ဟ� ယ�ဆ၍ ရ��က�င�� ဦ�စ��င��ထ�န���အ� က ��ပ�သည�။

�သနဂ� အင�စတ�က��မ� ဒ����က�တ� တဦ��ဖစ�သ� ဦ�သ�န��ထ�န��ဦ� က “���င�ငံ�ခ�� ဆက�ဆံမ� လမ����က�င�� ဒ�ပလ���မစ� အရ�တ�� ဘ��ထ�က�ပံ�မ�မ� မရ��ဖ��လ��� �ငင��မ��ပ�။ တ��တ�ထ�တ�လက� နက��တ�၊ �က��ပ�က��ထ��တ�� ပ�ံစံ�တ� အထ�� သ�ဖင�� �လယ���ပစ�ဒ�ံ�လ�� ဟ�မ�����တ�က ��မ�က�ပ��င��မ�� လ�ပ�ရ����နတ�� EAOs �တ�မ�� ရ���နတ�� က�စ�က တ��တ�က�� �မ�ခ�န��ထ�တ�ရမယ�� အ�ရ�အ�က��ဆ�ံ� အခ�က�ပ�ပ�”ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

�မန�မ�သည� တ��တ����င�ငံက လ��လ���နသည�� စ��ပ����ရ� စ�က�န���င�� BRI စ�မံက�န��မ���က�� ပ��မ�� ပ���ပ�င�� �ဆ�င�ရ�က��ပ�� အ�က�င�အထည� �ဖ���ပ�မည� ဆ��ပ�က တ��တ�သည� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ��� မ�����င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� သ�ဘ�ထ�� ��ပ�င��သ������င���က�င�� ဦ�သ�န��ထ�န��ဦ�က သ�ံ�သပ�သည�။

တပ�မ�တ��မ� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ� �ဇ��မင��ထ�န�� က “အမ���က စ�ပ�စ����ပ��က���နသလ�� �မန�မ�မ�� ရ���နတ�� လက�နက�က��င� အဖ��� အစည���တ�က�� တ��တ�က လက�နက� �ထ�က�ပံ ံ��ပ��နတယ� ဆ��တ�� က�စ�မ���� မရ��ပ�ဖ��လ��� �ငင��သ���တယ�။ တ�ခ�� နည�� လမ���တ�န�� ရ���နရင�လည�� စ�ံစမ���ပ�မယ�� သ�ဘ�မ���� ��ပ�သ���တ�ပ�” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

မ�န�က �န�ပည��တ��တ�င� တ��တ�သမ�တ ရ��က�င��ဖ�င�က�� တပ�မ�တ��က�က�ယ��ရ� ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ�က ���င�ငံတည��င�မ� �အ�ခ�မ���ရ�က�� ဆန��က�င�သည�� အ�ကမ��ဖက� ဆ�ပ�မ�မ���က�� မည�သည�����င�ငံကမ� လက�ခံမည� မဟ�တ�သလ�� အစ���ရက�� ဆန��က�င� ၍ လက�နက�က��င� အ�ကမ��ဖက� တ��က�ခ��က�မ�မ���ဆ��လ�င� ပ��၍ပင� လက�ခံလ�မ��မည� မဟ�တ���က�င�� ��ပ�ဆ��သည�။

Page 50 of 73

�မန�မ��ပည� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ��တ�င� တ��တ����င�ငံ၏ အခန��က���င�� �သဇ�မ�� အလ�န��က��မ���ပ�� တ��တ� သမ�တ �မန�မ����င�ငံသ��� �ရ�က�ရ���နသည�� က�လအတ�င�� လက�နက�က��င� တ��က�ခ��က�မ�မ��� �ဖစ�ပ���မ� မရ��သ�လ�က�ပင� �ဖစ� သည�။

စ��ရ�ဆရ� သန��စ������င�က “တ��တ��ပည�က က�ည�တ��က�င��တယ�။ ဒ��ပမယ�� တ��တ�က�� မ��ခ���ပ���တ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��စ���တ�မ�� လ��အပ� တ�ထက� ပ�ဝင��နတ��က�စ�က�� က��န��တ���က မ�အရ သ�ဘ�မက�ဘ��။ ဒ�က�စ��တ�က က��ယ��ဘ�သ�က��ယ� ယ�ံ�ကည�မ� တည��ဆ�က��ပ���တ�� အခ�င��ခ�င��ပ� ��ဖရ�င���စခ�င�တယ�”ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2020/01/19/213375.html

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RCSS အဖ���ဝင� ၂ဦ� ယ�န�တ��င� မလ�တ��သ�

By Nang Seng Nom - January 20, 2020

သ�မ���ပည� �တ�င�ပ��င�� နမ��စန��မ ���နယ� အတ�င�� �မန�မ�� တပ�မ�တ�� မ� ဖမ��ဆ��သ���သည�� သ�မ���ပည� �ပန�လည� ထ���ထ�င��ရ� �က�င�စ� (RCSS/SSA) အဖ���ဝင� ၂ဦ� ယ�န� ထ�တ��င� မလ�တ��သ���က�င�� သတင��ရရ��သည�။

Photo by SHAN

�ဖစ�စ��မ�� ဒ�ဇင�ဘ� ၁၉ ရက� တ�င� နမ��စန��မ���နယ� န��ပ���က��ရ�� ၌ �ပ�လ�ပ�သည�� လ�ထ� အစည��အ�ဝ� ပ�� သ��� RCSS မ� အဖ���ဝင� ၂ဦ�သည� အရပ�ဝတ��ဖင�� တက��ရ�က�လ�စ�� ဖမ��ဆ��လ��က�ရ�ခင�� �ဖစ�သည� ဟ� RCSS မ� ဒ�တ�ယ ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ဦ� က သ�မ��သံ�တ��ဆင�� သ�����ပ�သည�။

“ အခ�ထ��တ�� မလ�တ��သ�ဘ��။ သ�တ���က�� ရ�စခန�� အပ�ထ��တယ�။ တရ��စ��ဆ��သ���မယ�လ��� �က��ရတယ� ” ဟ� ဒ�တ�ယ ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ဦ� က ဆ��သည�။

အဆ��ပ� ဖမ��ဆ��ခံရသည�� RCSS အဖ���ဝင� ၂ဦ�သည� လက�နက�မပ�ဘ� အရပ�ဝတ��ဖင�� လ�ထ� အစည��အ�ဝ� ပ��သ��� သ���န���ထ�င��က�ပ��၊ �မန�မ��တပ�မ�တ�� က ထ�� သ� ၂ဦ� ၏ လက�က��င�ဖ�န��က�� ယ��ပ��စစ��ဆ�သည��အခ� စစ�ဝတ�စ�ံ�ဖင�� ဝတ�ထ��သည�က�� �တ���မင�သ���သ�ဖင�� ဖမ��ဆ��သ����ခင���ဖစ���က�င�� လည�� ဒ�တ�ယ ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ဦ� က ��ပ�သည�။

“ စစ�ဝတ�စ�ံ ဝတ�ထ��တ��ပ�ံ�မင��တ�� သ�တ���က�� က���ပ��ခ�တင��ပ�� ရ��ထ�က�� �ခ�သ����သ�တယ�။ သတ��� သ���ဖ��တ��အ�မ�၊ အ�ပ�ဖ��တ��အ�မ��တ�က��လည�� စစ��ဆ��သ�တယ�” ဟ� ဒ�တ�ယ ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ဦ� က ဆ��သည�။

လက�ရ��မ�� �မန�မ��တပ�မ�တ�� မ� ဖမ��ဆ��ထ��သည�� RCSSတပ�ဖ���ဝင� ၂ဦ� �ပန�လ�တ�ရန� အတ�က� တပ�မ�တ�� ထံ တင��တ�င��ဆ��ထ���ပ��၊ တပ�မ�တ�� ��င�� �တ��ဆ�ံရန� လည�� �တ�င�ဆ��ထ����က�င��လည�� ဒ�တ�ယ ဗ��လ�မ���က�� စ��င��ဦ� က ဆ��သည�။

ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၈ ရက�တ�င� �န�ပည��တ��တ�င� က�င��ပ သည�� JICM အစည��အ�ဝ� က�� တက��ရ�က�သည�� RCSS ဗ��လ�ခ��လ��က�� ယ�က�စစ� သည� �မန�မ�� တပ�မ�တ�� က�က�ယ��ရ� ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ� ဗ��လ�ခ��ပ�မ���က�� မင���အ�င�လ�င� ��င�� သ��သန�� �တ��ဆ�ံရန� �က ���စ��ခ���သ��လည��မရရ��ခ����က�င�� သတင��ရရ��သည�။

Page 51 of 73

RCSSတပ�ဖ���ဝင� ၂ဦ� က�စ� ��င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� သ�မ��သံ�တ��ဆင�� က တပ�မ�တ�� သတင��မ�န� �ပန��က���ရ� အဖ��� ��ပ��ရ�ဆ��ခ�င�� ရ��သ� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ� �ဇ��မင��ထ�န��က�� ဖ�န��ဆက��မ��မန��ရန� �က ���ပမ��ခ���သ��လည�� မရရ��ခ���ပ။

RCSS သည� တ���င�ငံလ�ံ� အပစ�ခတ�ရပ�စ��ရ� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� ( NCA) လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ���ထ��သည�� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� တပ�ဖ����ဖစ�သည�။

https://burmese.shannews.org/archives/15138

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�က�င��ခ�� ဆရ�မ ��စ�ဦ� အမ�မ�န��ပ��ရ� အ�ဖစ�မ�န��ဖ��ထ�တ��ကရန� �တ�င��ဆ��

သတင����င�� မ�ဒ�ယ� က�န�ရက�။ ၂၀၂၀ ခ���စ�၊ ဇ��ဝ�ရ�လ (၂၀) ရက�။

အဓမ��ပ�က�င��က� အသတ�ခံခ��ရသည�� ကခ�င�ဆရ�မ��စ�ဦ�၏ အမ�မ�န��ပ��ပ�က��ရ� အတ�က� �ဒသခံမ�����င�� သက�ဆ��င�ရ�တ�ဝန�ရ��သ�မ��� ပ���ပ�င��ပ�ဝင��ပ��ကရန� မ�သ��စ�ဝင�မ�����င�� အမ�မ�န��ပ��ပ�က��ရ� �က��မတ�က �မတ��ရပ�ခံ �တ�င��ဆ��လ��က�သည�။

အမ�မ�န��ပ��ပ�က��ရ�အတ�က� သက��သမ��� အ�ဖစ�မ�န�ထ�က�ဆ��ရန� ��က�က�လန���နသ�ဖင�� အမ��ရ��ဆက� သ���ရန� ခက�ခ��နသည�ဟ� ကခ�င���စ��ခင��ခရစ�ယ�န�အဖ���ခ��ပ� KBC ဥက�� သ�က���တ��ရ ဆရ��တ�� �ဒ�က� တ� ခလမ�ဆမ�ဆ�န� က ��ပ�သည�။

“က��န��တ��� �က�င��ခ��မ�� ရ��တ�� ရ��သ�/သ���တ� တ�န��အ���ပ��နပ�တယ�။ အခ�နက ��ပ� သလ�� သ�တ���က ��က�က�စ�တ��တ�က�� တအ��မ����န�တ�� သ�တ���အ�ဖစ�မ�န�က�� မ��ပ��ပရ�ဘ��။ တကယ�လ��� သ�တ���အ�နန�� အ�ဖစ�မ�န�က�� ��ပ��ပ���င�ခ��ရင��တ�� တရ����ံ�မ�� စ��ဆ��လ���ရမ���ပ��။ အခ� �က�င��ခ��ရ��က အထ�� သ�ဖင�� အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ��တ��� ရ��သ�/ရ��သ���တ�အ��လ�ံ��ပ��ဗ�� သ�တ���က အ�ဖစ�မ�န�က�� မ��ပ�ရ��ကဘ���ဖစ��နတယ� အ��ဒ���က�င��မ���လ��� ဘ�မ� လ�ပ�လ���မရဘ��။”

ထ��အမ�မ�န��ပ��ပ�က��ရ� �က�င��ခ���က��ရ��မ� �ဒသခံမ���အ�ပင� ထ��က�လတ�င� တ�ဝန�က�ခ��သည�� သက� ဆ��င�ရ� အ�ဏ�ရ��သ�မ���က ပ���ပ�င��ပ�ဝင��ကဖ��� လ��အပ�သည�ဟ� သ�က���တ��ရ ဆရ��တ�� �ဒ�က�တ� ခလမ�ဆမ�ဆ�န� က ��ပ�သည�။

ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� ��မ�က�ပ��င�� မ�ဆယ�ခ���င�၊ �က�င��ခ���က��ရ��တ�င� အဓမ��ပ�က�င���ပ�� အသတ�ခံခ��ရသည�� �စတန��ဝန�ထမ�� ကခ�င�ဆရ�မ��စ�ဦ� အတ�က� ၅ ��စ��ပည�� �အ�က��မ�သတ�ရဆ��တ�င���ခင�� အခမ��အန��က�� �မစ��က��န���မ ��� ရ�� �ဂ���ဘ�မ�ဆ��တ�င���တ�င�တ�င� ဇ��ဝ�ရ�လ ၁၉ ရက��န� (ယမန��န�) က က�င��ပခ��သည�။

�သဆ�ံ�ခ��သည�� ဆရ�မ မရန�လ�ရ� ၏ အစ�မ�ဖစ�သည� �ဒ�ဆန�လ�ံ က ၅ ��စ��ပည��သည�အထ� အမ�မ�န��ပ��ပ�က��သ�သည��အ�ပ�လည�� မ�က�မနပ��ဖစ�ရသည�ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

“မ�က�နပ�ဘ���ပ���န��။ အခ�က �ဖစ�သ����ပ�ဆ��တ� �က��တ�န�� မရန�လ�ရ�န�� �ခ�န�နန�စစ�ဆ���ပ�� န�မည�က �က��သ����ပ�။ ဒ����င�ငံမ�� �နရလ���မ��� ဒ�မ���� �ဖစ�သလ�� လ���။ က�မတ��� ခံရတ��လ�က��မ� လ��ဖစ�လ���က�� မ�က�နပ�ဘ��။ အ�မစ�က��လည�� ��ပ�ခ�င�တယ� ဒ�အမ�က�� အမ�န� �ပ��ပ�က��အ�င� �ဆ�င�ရ�က��ပ�ပ�လ��� ��ပ�ခ�င�တယ�” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

Page 52 of 73

အ�ခ�� ဆရ�မ တစ�ဦ��ဖစ�သ� ဆရ�မ �ခ�န�နန�စစ� ၏ မ�ခင� �ဒ�လ�ဘ� ကလည�� “၅ ��စ��တ�င� ရ��သ���တ��အထ� အမ�မ�န�မ�ပ��ပ�က��သ�တ�� အတ�က� က�မမ�ခင�တစ��ယ�က�အ�နန�� ဝမ�� နည��တ��ပ���န��။ တ�န��န� တခ��န�ခ��န�မ�� အမ�မ�န�ရရ���အ�င� အ��လ�ံ�က ဝ��င��ဝန���ပ��မ� လ�ပ��ဆ�င��ပ��ကပ�လ��� တ��က�တ�န��ခ�င�တယ�” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

“ဒ�လ��မ���� ���ပ�စက�ည�င��ပန���ပ�� အသတ�ဆ�ံ���ံ�သ���တ��အထ� �ဖစ�သ���တ�� အ�ဖစ�အပ�က�က�� �တ�� �မင�ရ�တ�� သမ����စ��ယ�က�လ�ံ�က�� သန��လည��အရမ��သန��တယ�။ ဝမ��လည��နည��တယ�။ အ��ဒ� ဒ�အမ�က�� �ဖစ��အ�င� လ�ပ�တ��လ��တ�လည�� တစ��ယ�က��ယ�က�က လ�ပ�တ��လ��တ�ရ��လ��� �ဖစ�တ��န��။ အ��ဒ���က�င��မ��� လ�ပ�တ�� လ�လည�� က��ယ��သ��သမ��ခ�င��က��ယ�ခ�င��စ��ပ���တ�� �န�က��န�င�က�� ဒ�မ����မ�ဖစ��အ�င� အမ�မ�န�က�� �ပ��ပ�က��စခ�င�တ��ပ���န��။”

အမ���င�� ပတ�သက�၍ �ဒသခံမ���က ထ�က�ဆ���ပ�ရန� ��က�က�လန���န�ကသလ�� သက��သခံ ပစ�ည��မ��� လည�� ရ�တပ�ဖ���မ���က သ�မ��ဆည��သ����ပ���န�က� ယ�န�အခ��န�ထ� �န�က�ဆက� တ�� အ��ခအ�န��င�� ပတ� သက�၍ မသ�ရ�တ��ဘ��ဟ�လည�� KBC က ��ပ�သည�။

အမ�သ��� အမ�လ� �န�က�ဆက�တ�� အ��ခအ�န��င�� ပတ�သက�၍ �ဒ�က�တ� ခလမ�ဆမ�ဆ�န�က “အမ�မ�န��ပ� �ပ�က��ရ� �က��မတ�ရ�� Lawyer Group �ဖစ�တ�� Shan State Kachin Lawyer Group Network (ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� ကခ�င� �ရ���န က�န�ရက�) က�န �ပ�� မ� ဒ�က�� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�လ�က�ရ��တယ�။ ��စ���စ��လ�က�ရ���ပ� က��န��တ��� �န�က�ဆ�ံ�လ�����မ�� ဒ�စစ�တပ�မ�� စစ���က�င��မ��န�� ��ပ�ဆ��ဖ���လ�ပ�တ�� အဆင��က�န ဒ�ဘက�ပ��င��မ�� ဆက��ပ��မ� တ���တက�မ��တ�� မရ���တ��ဘ�� �ပ��။ အ��ဒ�မ�� စစ���က�င��မ��က�� က��န��တ��� �ရ���န�တ�က ဒ����က��မ�ခ�င��ပမယ��လည�� �မ�ခ�င��မရဘ��။ တဆင���မ�ဖ���လ�ပ�တယ� အ��ဒ�က���တ�� �ရ���န�တ�က ပယ�ဖ�က�လ��က�တယ�။ ဆ���တ�� အ��ဒ�က�န ဒ�အခ��န�ထ� အမ�က တ���တက�မ� မရ��ဘ��လ���ပ� ��ပ�ရမယ�” ဟ� ဆက���ပ�သည�။

�စတန��ဝန�ထမ�� ကခ�င�ဆရ�မ ��စ�ဦ�၏ အမ�အပ�အဝင� ပဋ�ပက�မ��� �ဖစ�ပ����နသည�� ရ�မ����မ�က��ဒသ၊ ကခ�င��ဒသအပ�အဝင� တ��င��ရင��သ���ဒသမ���တ�င� �ဖစ��ပ�ခ��သည�� လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�က���လ�န�ခံရမ�မ�����င�� ပတ�သက�၍ လ�တ�လပ�သည�� တရ��စ�ရင�မ� ရ��သင��သည�ဟ�လည�� ကခ�င�အမ����သမ��အစည��အ��ံ�-ထ��င�����င�ငံ (KWAT) အဖ��� က �ထ�က��ပသည�။

KWAT အဖ���၏ ��ပ��ရ�ဆ��ခ�င��ရ��သ� �ဒ�ဆန�ထ�ယ�က “အဓ�က�တ�� က�မတ��� �မန�မ�အစ���ရ လက�ရ�� NLD အစ���ရက�� �တ�င��ဆ��ခ�င�တ�က�တ�� အမ�န�တရ��ရ���ဖ��ပ�ဖ���ရယ�၊ ဒ�ဟ�န�� ပတ�သက��ပ��မ� စ�ံစမ��စစ��ဆ� မ�က�� လ�တ�လ�တ�လပ�လပ�လ�ပ�ဖ���အတ�က�ရယ�က�� က�မတ���က �တ�င��ဆ��ခ�င�တ�ပ�။ အ�ပစ��ပ�အ�ရ�ယ�မ� မရ��တ�� လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�ခ�����ဖ�က�မ��တ�က�� အ�ပစ��ပ�အ�ရ�ယ�ဖ���အတ�က�က လ�တ�လပ�တ�� တရ���ရ�န�� စ�ံစမ�� စစ��ရ�လ�ပ�ရမယ�။ အမ�န�တရ���ဖ��ထ�တ� ���င�တ�� တရ���ရ� စနစ�န�� ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�ပ��င�ခ�င���ပ�ရမယ�” ဟ� ��ပ� သည�။

တပ�မ�တ��အပ�အဝင� အ�ခ���သ� အ�ဏ�ရအဖ���အစည��မ���၊ ပ�ဂ� ��လ�မ���၏ လ�ထ�အ�ပ� လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ� ခ�����ဖ�က��နမ�မ���၊ ရ�ဇဝတ�မ� က���လ�န��န�ခင��မ�����င�� ပတ�သက�၍ အမ�န�တရ�� �ဖ��ထ�တ��ပ��ခင��၊ တစ� စ�ံတစ�ရ� အ�ပစ��ပ�အ�ရ�ယ��ခင�� မရ���ခင��သည� ခ�����ဖ�က�မ�မ��� ဆက�လက�လ�ပ��ဆ�င����င� အခ�င���ပ��န သည�� အ�နအထ���ဖစ�သည�ဟ�လည�� �ဒ�ဆန�ထ�ယ�က ဆက���ပ�သည�။

“က�မတ��� ဒ���စ�ဆန��မ��လည�� report တစ�ခ�ထ�တ�ထ��တယ�။ ရ�မ����မ�က�မ�� ဒ�ဆရ�မ��စ�ဦ�လ��ပ� အမ����သမ�� တစ�ဦ�ရ�� အမ�က နည��နည��ဆင�တယ�။ ဘ�လ���လ�ဆ��ဒ�လည�� စစ�တပ��ရ�က�လ�တ�� �န�က�ပ��င���ဖစ�တ�မ���လ��� ဆ���တ�� အဓ�က �တ�င��ဆ��တ�က ဒ�လ��မ���� �ဖစ�ရပ��တ� ထပ�မ�ဖစ�ဖ���က စစ�တပ�က ထ���စစ�ဆင�တ�ရပ�ရမယ�။ �န�က��ပ�� ဒ�အမ�န�� ပတ�သက��နတ��သ��တ�က�� တရ���ရ�န�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� လ�တ�လ�တ�လပ�လပ� စ�ံစမ�� စစ��ဆ�ပ��င�ခ�င���ပ�ရမယ�။ ��ပ�ခ�င�တ� စစ�တပ�ပ��ဖစ��ဖစ� ဘ�ပ��ဖစ��ဖစ� စ�ံစမ��စစ��ဆ��ခင��လ�ပ�တ��အခ� လ�တ� လ�တ�လပ�လပ� စ�ံစမ��စစ��ဆ�ခ�င���ပ�ရမယ�။”

Page 53 of 73

ဆရ�မ ��စ�ဦ�အသတ�ခံရသည�� �န�က �က�င��ခ���က��ရ��အတ�င��ရ���နသည�� တပ�မ�တ�� စစ���က�င��မ� တ�ဝန� ရ��သ�မ�����င�� တပ�မ�တ��သ��မ���အ�� စ�ံစမ��စစ��ဆ��မ��မန��ခ�င��မ��� ရရ��ရန�အမ�မ�န��ပ��ပ�က��ရ� �က��မတ�က ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� ရ�တပ�ဖ��� က�� �တ�င��ဆ��ခ��ဖ���သ��လည�� ယ�န�အခ��န�ထ� �မ��မန��ခ�င�� မရ�သ���က�င�� KBC က ��ပ�သည�။

ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� ရ�တပ�ဖ��� က�တ�� �က��ရ��သ�� ၁၀ ဦ���င�� တပ�မ�တ��သ�� ၂၈ ဦ�က�� စစ��ဆ�ခ����က�င��န�� အဆ��ပ� DNA စစ�ခ�က�မ���က�� ရယ�ခ����က�င��သ� အ��က�င���ပန�ခ���ပ�� ဆရ�မ��စ�ဦ� အသတ�ခံခ��ရမ���င�� ပတ� သက�၍ ယ�န�အခ��န�ထ� အမ�မ�န�မ�ပ��ပ�က��သ��ပ။

�က�င��ခ���က��ရ��တ�င� ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ ၁၉ ရက��န�က �ဖစ�ပ���ခ��သည�� အဓမ��ပ�က�င�� အသတ�ခံခ��ရသည�� ဆရ�မ ��စ�ဦ�အမ�မ�� မ�ခင��မ�တ�တမ��မ���အရ တပ�မ�တ��သ��မ��� မ�ဖစ����င���က�င����င�� တပ�မ�တ��အ�ပ� ပ�တ�ခတ�စ�ပ�စ����ပ�ဆ���နသ�မ���က��လည�� အမ�မ�န��ပ�လ�ခ��န� ဥပ�ဒအရ အ�ရ�ယ�သ���မည�ဟ� ၂၀၁၅ ခ���စ� ဇ��ဝ�ရ�လ ၂၉ ရက��န�က အစ���ရသတင��စ�မ��� တ�င� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ��သည�။

http://www.nmg-news.com/2020/01/20/9824

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ခ�င��ပလက�ဝ ၀န�ထမ��၂၀၀�က��� ��ပ�င���ရ��စ�တင�

20 ဇန�နဝ�ရ�၊ 2020 | ���င�က�န��အ�န�

ပလက�ဝ�မ ���(Photo khonumthung.news )

ခ�င���ပည�နယ�ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�ထ�မ�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န��ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���တ��� စစ��ရ��ပင�ထန� လ��နတ�န��အမ� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ�စ���ရ�မ�တ���က�င�� ၀န�ထမ��(၂၀၀)�က��� ��ပ�င���ရ��ခ�င�� ရဖ��� စ�တင�ထ��တယ�လ��� ခ�င���ပည�နယ� အစ���ရအဖ���က��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ဒ��အ�ပင� တ�ဝန�ထမ���ဆ�င�ရမယ�� တ�ခ�� ဌ�နဆ��င�ရ� ၀န�ထမ���တ� ဟ�လ� လ�ံ�ခံ��ရ� အ��ခအ�န��က�င�� တ�ဝန�က�ရ� �ဒသ�တ� ဆ�သ��� �ရ�က�ဖ��� အခက�အခ��တ� �တ���နရပ�တယ�။ ဗ��အ���အ�မန�မ�ပ��င��သတင���ထ�က� ���င�က�န��အ�န�က�န ဆက�သ�ယ� �မ��မန�� သတင��ပ���ထ��ပ�တယ�။

�မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န��ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�AAအဖ���တ���အ�က��တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ����နတ�� အ��ခ အ�န��က�င�� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�မ��ရ��တ�� ၀န�ထမ��(၂၀၀)�က���ဟ� တ�ဝန�ဆက�လက� ထမ���ဆ�င�ဖ��� မဝံ�ရ��တ�� တ���က�င�� ��ပ�င���ရ��စ� တင�ထ�� ��က�င�� ခ�င���ပည�နယ� အစ���ရအဖ��� ��ပ��ရ�ဆ��ခ�င��ရ��သ� ၀န��က��ဦ�စ���ထက�က ဗ��အ���အက����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“�ပည�နယ�အတ�င��က ၀န�ထမ���တ��ရ� �ပည�မက လ�တ��ဝန�ထမ���တ��ရ� မ�န ခ�င��တ��ဘ��။ အ�တ���က�င�� အခ���ပ�င�� �ရ�� ဖ��� သ�တ���တင��ပ�က တ��တ�ရ�� တယ�။ က�န��တ��တ��� ပလက�ဝဘက� က��တ�� �တ�င�တန���ဒသ ��မအစ�န�အဖ��� �တ��ဖစ��တ�� သ����ရ� လ��ရ� ခက�တ��အခ�က��တ�� တ��စ��နလ��� ရ��ရင���ပ�င���ရ� ့ ခ�င���ပ� တယ�။ သ�တ����ပည��ထ�င�စ� က�န�လ။ အခ� (၂၀၁၅) �န�က�ပ��င��က�န စ�ပ���တ�� AA န��တပ�မ�တ�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တ��အ�ပ�မ�� နယ���မက �အ�ခ�မ��မ� မရ��တ�� အတ�က� သ�တ��� တ�ဝန�က� တ�� �နရ� က�န �ပ���တ���ပည�မ က����ပ�င��မယ�။ ခ�င���ပည�နယ� အတ�င��က����ပ�င��မယ�၊ သ���လ��တယ��က ���စ���တ�� အခ� ��ပ�င���ရ�� ခ�င�� တင�ထ��တ� အ��လ�ံ� (၂၀၆) �ယ�က��လ�က�ရ��တယ�။ ”

ဒ�လ�� နယ���မ�အ�ခ�မ�� လ�ံ�ခံ�မ�မရ��တ�� အ��ခအ�န��က�င�� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�မ�� ရ�န�� ခ��တ�� �က��င���တ�က�� ပ�တ�ထ��ရသလ�� ပည��ရ� ၀န�ထမ��အခက�ခ� ပ� ရ��လ� �နတယ�လ��� ၀န��က��ဦ�စ���ထက�က ဆက���ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 54 of 73

“သ�တ�����ပ�င���ရ�� သ���ရင�လ� �န�က�ထပ� ဆရ�ဆရ�မ�တ� မလ�ံ�လ�က�တ�� �ပဿန��တ�က အမ����က��ရ��မ��။ အထက�တန�� အလယ�တန�� မ�လတန�� အ��လ�ံ��ရ� (၃၈၄) �က��င��ရ��တယ�။ ဇ�န�လ�က��င��ဖ�င��တ�� အခ��န�မ�� �က��င���ပ�င�� (၂၂၂) �က��င�� မဖ�င�����င�ဘ�န�� ဒ�အတ��င��ဘ� ရ���နတ�။ အ�ဒ�မ��ဆရ�၊ ဆရ�မ လ��အပ�ခ�က� ကလ� (၁၄၀၀) �လ�က�က�� လ���န�သ�တယ�။ ပည��ရ�က �တ���တ��က�� ခက�ခ�တ�� အ�နအထ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ ”

၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ� ပည�သင���စ� တက�သ��လ�ဝင�တန�� �အ�င�စ�ရင�� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�အရ တ��င��န���ပည�နယ� (၁၄) ခ�အနက�က ခ�င���ပည�နယ�ဟ� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ��ပ�� ဒ�တ�ယ အန�မ��က� ဆ�ံ��ဖစ��ပ�� ခ�င���ပည�နယ�ထ�မ�� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�ဟ� �အ�င�ခ�က� အန�မ��ဆ�ံ��ဖစ� တယ�လ��� ၀န��က��ဦ�စ���ထက�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�ထ�မ�� လမ��ပန��ဆက�သ�ယ��ရ� ခက�ခ�တ�� အ�ပင� ��စ�ဖက� စစ��ရ� တင��မ��နတ� ��က�င�� တ�ဝန�က�ရ� �ဒသ�တ� က�� သ���လ�ဖ�� ဆရ� ဆရ�မ�တ� ��က�က�ရ�့ံ �န�ကသလ�� က�န��မ��ရ� ဌ�နက ဝန�ထမ���တ�လည�� ��က�က�ရ�ံ��န�က တ�ပ�။ ဒ���က�င�� �ဒသတ�င�� က�န��မ��ရ� �စ�င���ရ��က�မ� အပ��င��မ�� အ��နည���နတယ� လ��� �မ ���နယ�က�န��မ��ရ�ဌ�နက ၀န�ထမ�� တဦ��ဖစ�တ�� ဦ�ထ�န���အ�င�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“အခ�က�န��တ��တ��� က�န��မ��ရ�ဌ�နက သ��ဖ���သ�န��ပ� ဆရ�မ�တ� တ��င�� နယ� မ�� မသ���ရ�တ�� အဆင���တ�� ရ��တယ�။ သ�တ��� ��က�က�တ��ပ���န��။ ��က�က�တ��စ�တ�က �က��စ����န�တ�� က�က�ယ��ဆ��တ��တ�င� ထ���ဖ����တ�င� သ�တ�����က�က�လန�� �နတ�� အ�န အထ��ရ��တယ�။”

ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�အတ�င�� ��စ�ဖက�တ��က�ပ����က�င�� အရပ�သ���သဆ�ံ�မ��တ� ��မ�မ�ပ� မ��င��နင��မ�မ���က�င�� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ� ရမ��တ� ကလ� မ����ပ���နတယ�လ���လည�� ၀န��က��ဦ�စ���ထက�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“မ��င��နင��လ���ဒဏ�ရ�ရတ� ��ခ�ထ�က��ပတ�တ� မ�က�လ�ံ�ကန��တ� အ�ဒ�လ��မ�����တ� အ��လ�ံ�က (၁၀)�ယ�က��က���သ����ပ��။ �န�က�တ��က�ပ����က�င�� �သတ�ကလည�� အနည��ဆ�ံ�(၂၀) (၃၀) ထက�မနည�� ဘ���ပ���န��။ �န�က�စစ��ဘ��ရ��င�လ� (၄၀၀၀) န�� (၆၀၀၀) �က���လ�က�ရ��မယ�။ က�န��တ�� တ���က IDP Campန�� ဘ� ဒ�လ��စနစ�န�� ထ��တ� မဟ�တ�တ�� အခ�က��တ���လ သ�ရ���ဆ�မ���� သ��ခ�င��ရ�� အ�မ��တ�မ��ဘ� ကပ��ပ���နတယ�။ �န�က� ၀ါ�တ� �လ��တ��ဆ�က��ပ���တ�� �န�ကတယ�။ �န�က��ပ���တ�� အလ�ပ�လ� လ�ပ�လ���မရ ၊ �တ�င�ယ�လ� လ�ပ�လ���မရ။ �တ�ထ�သ��� မ��င��နင��မ�ဆ���တ�� ။”

ဒ�လ(၇)ရက��န�က ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�ထ�က ငရ����က��ရ��မ�� ဗ�ံ��ပ�က�က��မ� တခ�ု �ဖစ� ခ���ပ�� အမ����သမ��တဦ� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ��ပင��ထန�လ��� ပလက�ဝ�ဆ���ံက�န စစ��တ��ဆ���ံ က�� ပ����ဆ�င� ခ��ရပ�တယ�။ ဒ��အ�ပင� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ� ဆ��ဖ�လ�င��ရ��က�န �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ� သ�ွာ� တ�� မ�လတန���ပ �က��င��အ�ပ�ဆရ� ဦ�အ���ဗလ န�� �ကက�ဥဝ �က��ရ��က အရပ�သ�� (၂) ဦ�တ��� ဟ�လည�� အသတ�ခံရတယ� လ��� �န�က�ပ��င��မ�� သ�ရတ���ဖစ�စ��လ� ရ��ခ��ပ�တယ�။

ဒ�လ��ဗ�ံ�က��မ�၊ ဖမ��ဆ�� အသတ��ဖတ�ခံရမ��ဖစ�စ���တ�မ�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�ဘက�က�ရ� ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င� AA အဖ���ကပ� ဘယ�အဖ��� လက�ခ�က� ဆ��တ� ၀န�ခံ�လ�မရ��ဘ� တဘက�န��တဘက� စ�ပ� စ����ပ�ဆ���န�ကတ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

https://burmese.voanews.com/a/palatwa-more-than-200-government-employer-/5252673.html

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AA ထံမ� လ�တ���မ�က�လ��သ� ယ����မ�င��မ���အ�� ဆက�လက�စစ��ဆ��န

By သ�ဟလ�င� | 20 January 2020

ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� (AA) ၏ ဖမ��ဆ�� �ခ��ဆ�င�ခံရ�ပ���န�က� �ပန�လည� လ�တ���မ�က�လ�သည�� က�န��လမ�� ပ����ဆ�င��ရ� ��န��က��မ� ဦ�စ��ဌ�နမ� ယ����မ�င��မ���အ�� ဆက�လက� စစ��ဆ�ဆ� �ဖစ���က�င�� သတင��ရရ��သည�။

Page 55 of 73

��မ�က�ဦ��မ ��� အဝင� ဆ��င��ဘ�တ� / က���အ�င��အ�င� ( fb )

က�န��လမ�� ပ����ဆ�င��ရ� ��န��က��မ� ဦ�စ��ဌ�န (ကညန) အ�ထ��ထ� မန��နဂ�� ဦ��မ�င��မ�င��အ�င� က “ဌ�နဆ��င�ရ� လ�ပ�ငန���တ� အ�ပင�က�� ��ပ�ခ�င��မရ��ဘ��။ ဒ�မ�� က��န��တ���က စစ��နတ�န��။ �ပ��လည��မ�ပ���သ�ဘ�� စစ�လည�� စစ��နတ�န��။ အ�ဒ�လ�� ��ပ�ခ�င��မရ��ဘ��” ဟ� ဧရ�ဝတ�သ��� ��ပ�သည�။

�ပ��ခ��သည�� ဒ�ဇင�ဘ�လက ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� စစ��တ��မ ���မ� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���သ��� သ����ရ�က�သည�� �အ�င�တံခ�န� ၇ �ရယ��� �ပ�တ�င� လ��က�ပ�လ�သည�� ယ����မ�င�� ၁၈ ဦ� အနက� ၁၆ ဦ�က�� AA က ဖမ��ဆ�� �ခ��ဆ�င�သ����ပ�� ၂ ဦ�မ�� �ရ ယ���အတ�င�� ပ�န���အ�င���နရ�မ� လ�တ���မ�က�ခ��သည�။

ထ��ယ����မ�င��မ���က�� �ပ��ခ��သည�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၃ ရက��န�မ� စတင�က� အဖ���မ��� ခ��က� စစ��ဆ�မ�မ��� �ပ�လ�ပ��န�ပ�� ယခ�ဆ��လ�င� ၇ ရက�ခန�� ရ���ပ��ဖစ�သည�။

AA အဖ���က ဖမ��ဆ��ခ��သည�� က�န��လမ��ပ����ဆ�င��ရ� ဌ�နမ� ဝန�ထမ�� ၁၆ ဦ�မ�� က��ဒ���င�ဘ�မ��� �ဖစ��ပ�� �မ�င��တ��ဒသ �ပန�လည� ထ��ထ�င���ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��တ�င� လ�ပ�က��င��နသ� မ����ဖစ���က�င��လည�� တပ�မ�တ�� သတင���ပန��က���ရ� အဖ���မ� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ� �ဇ��မင��ထ�န�� က ဧရ�ဝတ�သ��� ��ပ�ဆ��ထ��သည�။

သက�ဆ��င�ရ� တ�ဝန�ရ��သ�မ���ကမ� ယင��ဝန�ထမ��မ��� �န�ပည��တ�� �ရ�က�ခ��န�တ�င� အ��ခအ�န အ�သ�စ�တ�က�� စ�ံစမ�� �မ��မန��ရ�ခင�� �ဖစ��ပ�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�တ�င� �ဖစ�ပ���ခ��သည�� အ��ခအ�နမ���က�� ဝန��က��ဌ�န အ�န�ဖင�� တ�ဝန�ရ��သည��အတ��င�� �မ��မန��ရ�ခင�� �ဖစ���က�င�� ��ပ��က��ထ��သည�။

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� အတ�င��ရ�� ဌ�နဆ��င�ရ� ဝန�ထမ��မ��� အ�န�ဖင�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� အတ�င�� �သ��လည���က�င��၊ ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�မ� အ�ခ�� �ပည�နယ�သ��� လည���က�င�� က��လမ��၊ �ရလမ�� ခရ��သ���လ�မည� ဆ��ပ�က �ပည�နယ� အစ���ရ အဖ�����ံ�သ��� တင��ပက� ခ�င���ပ�ခ�က�ယ�ရန���င�� �ပည�နယ� အစ���ရ��ံ�၏ ခ�င���ပ�ခ�က�ရမ�သ� သတ�မ�တ� အစ�အစ��အတ��င�� သ����ရ�က�ရန� �ပ��ခ��သည�� လပ��င��က ��န��က��ခ�က� ထ�က�ရ��ထ��သည�။

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�အတ�င�� တပ�မ�တ����င�� AA တ��� တ��က�ပ��မ���၊ စစ��ရ� တင��မ�မ�မ��� ဆက�လက� �ဖစ�ပ����န�ပ�� အစ���ရ ဝန�ထမ�� မ��� ခရ��သ���လ�မ�တ�င� AA မ� မ�က�ခဏ ဆ��သလ�� ဖမ��ဆ�� �ခ��ဆ�င�မ�မ��� ရ���န��က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

အမ����သ�� လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ��ဝ��တင��သည�လည�� �န�ပည��တ��တ�င� က�င��ပမည�� အမ����သ�� လ�တ��တ�� အစည��အ�ဝ�သ��� တက��ရ�က�ရန� ခရ��ထ�က�လ�စ�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� �က��က��တ���မ ���နယ� �က��က�တန��ရ�� အန��၌ ဦ��ဝ��တင�� အပ�အဝင� က�လ��တန��မစ� ဘက�စ�ံဖ�ံ��ဖ ����ရ� စ�မံက�န��အတ�က� လ��ရ�က�သည�� အ����ယ ���င�ငံသ�� ၄ ဦ�၊ စက���ပန���င�� စပ�ဘ�တ��မ�င��သ�တ���က�� AA က ဖမ��ဆ��ခ���သ�သည�။

လ�န�ခ��သည�� ဒ�ဇင�ဘ�လအတ�င��ကလည�� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ� �တ�င�ဘဇ�စခန��မ� လဝက လက��ထ�က� ��န��က���ရ� မ�� ဦ�တင�မ�����အ�င���င�� လ��က ��သ� လ.ဝ.က အရ�ရ�� ၂ ဦ�တ���အ�� AA က ဖမ��ဆ��မ�မ���လည�� ရ��ခ��သည�။

၂၀၁၉ ဒ�ဇင�ဘ�လ ၁၁ ရက�ကလည�� NLD ပ�တ� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ� ဥက�� ဦ�ရ�သ�န��က�� ဖမ��ဆ��ထ�န��သ�မ��ခ��ရ� ဒ�ဇင�ဘ�လ ၂၅ ရက�တ�င� တပ�မ�တ��က ပစ�ခတ�လ��က�သည�� လက�နက��က�� ထ�မ�န��သ���က�င�� ဦ�ရ�သ�န�� �သဆ�ံ� ခ��ရ��က�င�� AA က ထ�တ��ပန�ခ��သည�။

Page 56 of 73

AA သည� ၂၀၂၀ တ�င� �ပည�သ��အ�ဏ�ပ��င� အဖ���က�� ဖ���စည��က� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�အတ�င��က စ��ပ����ရ� လ�ပ�ငန��မ���အ�� အခ�န� �က�က�ခံမည� �ဖစ�သလ�� က�န��လမ��၊ �ရလမ��မ� သ���လ��ကသည�� �မ���တ��ယ��� ၊ စက��လ�မ��� အ�န�ဖင��လည�� သတင��ပ����ပ��မ� သ����ကရန� ထ�တ��ဖ����ပ��က��ထ��သည�။

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� ��မ�က�ပ��င��တ�င� �ဖစ�ပ����န�သ� တ��က�ပ��အတ�င�� အရပ�သ�� ထ�ခ��က�၊ �သဆ�ံ�မ�မ�����င��အတ� ဖမ��ဆ�� ခံရမ�မ���မ��လည�� စ�ရင�� မ�ပ�စ����င��လ�က��အ�င� မ����ပ��လ��နသလ�� တဘက�တ�င�လည�� အရပ�သ��တခ������င�� ဌ�နဝန�ထမ�� တခ����မ�� မသက��မ��ဖင�� ��စ�ဘက� တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ���၏ ဖမ��ဆ���ခင�� သတ��ဖတ��ခင��က�� ခံ�နရသည�။

https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2020/01/20/213402.html

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ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန�� �ပင�ပ စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�ရ�� အခက�အခ�

�ဖ��ဖ�ခ��င� | 2020-01-19

အမ���မ ���နယ� နတ��မ���က��ရ��စ�သင��က��င��မ�� ခ��လ�ံ�န�ကတ�� ခ�င��စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�က�� �တ��ရစ�� Photo: Salai Ye Aung

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ���မ�က�ပ��င��က တ��က�ပ���တ���က�င�� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည�ဦ��ရ တစ�သ�န��ဝန��က�င�ရ��တ�� အထ�မ�� ထက�ဝက��လ�က�ဟ� ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန���တ�မ�� မဟ�တ�ဘ� န��စပ�ရ� �နရ��တ�မ�� ခ��လ�ံ�န�ကရပ�တယ�။ က�လ�က�ရ�ည�လ�တ�� တ��က�ပ���တ���က�င�� အ�ဒ�ဒ�က�သည��တ� စ���သ�က��နထ��င��ရ� အခက�အခ��တ� �က�ံ�န�ကပ�တယ�။

ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� AA န�� တပ�မ�တ��တ��� တ��က�ပ���တ���က�င�� အ���အ�မ�စ�န��ခ�� ထ�က���ပ�ရတ�� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည� အ�ရအတ�က�ဟ� ရ���နတ�� ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန�� အ�ရအတ�က�ထက� ပ��မ����နတ���က�င�� အက�အည��တ� အလ�ံအ�လ�က� မရဘ� �ဖစ��န�ကပ�တယ�။

စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည� စခန���တ�က�� �ထ�က�ပံ�က�ည�မ� နည��ပ��တ�၊ စ�မံခန��ခ��မ� အ��နည��တ�၊ �နရ�ထ��င�ခင�� မလ�ံ�လ�က�တ��တ���က�င�� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည� အမ���စ�ဟ� န��စပ�ရ� �နရ��တ�က��ပ� ထ�က���ပ�တ�မ���ရ��င� �နရတယ�လ��� ရခ��င�တ��င��ရင��သ�� မ������ယ�စ�မ���အစည��အ��ံ� REC အတ�င���ရ�မ�� ဦ��ဇ���ဇ��ထ�န��က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ဒ�က�သည� ၄၀ ရ�ခ��င���န���လ�က�ပ� ဒ�က�သည�စခန���တ�မ�� �န�ကတ�လ��� ဦ��ဇ���ဇ��ထ�န��က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“��မ�နရ� အခက�အခ�ရယ� စ�မံခန��ခ��တ�� �က��မတ�အ�သအခ�� မရ��တ�ရယ� အစ���ရဘက�က ရ���န�ပ��သ�� စခန���တ�က�� အ�သအခ�� အသ�အမ�တ� မ�ပ�တ�ရယ���က�င�� စခန���တ�မ�� �န�က�ထပ� စစ��ဘ��ရ��င��တ�အ�နန�� လ��ပ��ခ�ံလ�ံဖ���အတ�က� အဆင�သင�� �ဖစ�မ�နပ�ဘ��။ ဒ��တ�� စစ��ဘ��ရ��င��တ�ရ�� ၄၀ ရ�ခ��င���န���လ�က� ပ� စခန��လ��� ဆ��တ���နရ��တ�မ�� �နလ���ရ�ပ��မ� ၆၀ ရ�ခ��င���န���လ�က� က�တ�� ဒ�လ��ပ� အဆင���ပသလ�� န��စပ�ရ��တ�မ�� ခ��လ�ံ�န�ကရ ပ�တယ�။”

REC ရ�� စ�ရင���တ�အရ ကယ�ဆယ��ရ� စခန���တ�မ��ရ��တ�� ဒ�က�သည�ဟ�

Page 57 of 73

�လ��သ�င��ဝန��က�င�သ� ရ���ပ�� စခန���ပင�ပမ��ရ��တ�� ဒ�က�သည� အ�ရအတ�က�က�တ�� ��ခ�က��သ�င��ခ��အထ� ရ��ပ�တယ�။

�ဆ�မ���� အသ�မ�တ��ဆ��တ�ရ�� �နအ�မ��တ�က�� ထ�က���ပ�ခ��လ�ံ�နရတ�� ဒ�က�သည��တ�ဟ� ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ�မ�� ဆ��ရင� အမ���ဆ�ံ�ပ�ပ�။ အခ��န�က�ပ��င�� မင���ပ��၊ ��မပ�ံ၊ အမ�� စတ���မ ���နယ��တ�မ��လည�� ဒ�က�သည�ဦ��ရ တ�ဖည���ဖည�� တ���လ��နတယ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

အမ���မ ���နယ�မ�� ခ��လ�ံစရ� ကယ�ဆယ��ရ� စခန��မရ��လ��� စ���သ�က��နထ��င��ရ� ခက�ခ��နတ�� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည� ၄၀၀ ခန�� ရ��တယ�လ��� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�ရ�� အ��ခအ�နက�� က�င��ဆင���လ�လ�ခ��တ�� အမ����သ��လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� �ဒ�ထ��မ က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

အရင�က အမ���မ ���နယ� အမ�တ� (၅) ရပ�က�က� အ��ကစ��ခန��မက�� ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန�� အ�ဖစ� အစ���ရက တ�ဝန�ယ� ဖ�င��လ�စ��ပ�ခ���ပမယ�� အခ��န�က�ပ��င��မ�� ဒ�ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန��က�� ပ�တ�လ��က�တ���က�င�� စစ��ဘ��ရ��င��တ�ဟ� န��စပ�ရ� �ဆ�မ����မ�တ��ဆ��တ�န�� စ��ပန�� ယ���က��မ�ပ��င� ��မ�နရ��တ�မ�� ခ��လ�ံ�နရတယ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�အထ�မ�� �က��င���နအရ�ယ� က�လ�ငယ��တ�န�� သက��က��ရ�ယ�အ���တ�ပ�ဝင��ပ�� ရ�သ�ဥတ�ဒဏ�န�� �နထ��င�စ���သ�က�ဖ���လည�� ခက�ခ��နပ�တယ�။

လမ��ပန��ဆက�သ�ယ��ရ� ပ�တ�ဆ���ထ��တ��အတ�က� စ��နပ�ရ�က�� အက�အည��တ�ဟ� ဒ�က�သည��တ�ဆ�က�� မ�ရ�က�သလ�� �ပည�နယ�အစ���ရကလည�� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�အ�ပ� ဂ��စ��က�မ� မရ��သ�လ�က� နည��တယ�လ��� �ဒ�ထ��မ က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“တ��က�ပ��ရ��ပ�ယ�ဂ��က�င�� ထ�က���ပ�လ�တ�� �ပည�သ��တ�က�� နည��လမ��တစ�မ����မ����န�� ဂ��စ��က��ပ�ရမ�� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ �ပည�နယ�အစ���ရက �သ��လည���က�င��၊ �ပည��ထ�င�စ� အစ���ရက�သ��လည���က�င�� သတင���မ�တ��တ�င� မ�က��ခ��ဘ��။ ဒ�စ�တ�မ�က�င��စရ��ဖစ�တယ�။ ဒ�လ��မ�����တ�� ဥပက���ပ�လ���မရဘ��။ က��ယ�����င�ငံမ�� �နထ��င��ကတ�� တ��င��ရင��သ���တ��ဖစ�တယ�။ �ပည�နယ�အစ���ရရ�� ဂ��စ��က�မ� အ��နည��တ���က�င�� ဒ�လ��ပ�ံစံန��သ� သ���မယ�ဆ��ရင� လက�ရ��အစ���ရက�� �ပည�သ��တ�က အယ�ံအ�ကည�မရ�� �ဖစ�သ���လ�မ��မယ�။”

လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� �ဒ�ထ��မဟ� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�ရ��အခက�အခ�န�� ပတ�သက�လ��� လ�မယ�� လ�တ��တ��မ�� တင��ပဖ��� စ�စ���နသ�ပ�။

အမ���မ ���နယ�က ဒ�က�သည� ၄၀၀ ခန��ထ�မ�� အ��ခ�င��အမ����သ�� စ��ပန��ယ���က��မ� အသင��အဖ���ပ��င� ��မ�နရ�မ�� ခ��လ�ံ�နသ� ၂၀၀ �က��� ရ��ပ�တယ�။

အ�ဒ� ၂၀၀ �က���က�� အက�အည��ပ��နတ�� အ��ခ�င��အမ����သ�� စ��ပ��င��ယ���က��မ� အသင��အဖ��� ဥက�� က���နလင��က စ��နပ�ရ�က�� န�� �နရ�ထ��င�ခင�� ခက�ခ��နတ��အ��က�င�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“သ�တ����နတ��ရ���တ�မ�� စ���သ�က��နထ��င�လ��� မရတ��အခ� အဝတ�တစ�ထည� က��ယ�တစ�ခ�န�� လ��ကတယ�။ အစက�တ�� ��ံ�မ��လက�ခံတယ�။ စ��ပ��ံ���မ�နရ�က�� ဌ��ထ��တ�� အ�မ�ရ�င��တ�က လက�မခံ�တ��တ���က�င�� ရ��ထ�က အ�မ��တ�မ��ထ��ပ�တယ�။ သ�တ���အတ�က� ဆန��တ�က���တ�� �မ ���နယ�မ�� အလ�သ���ခံတယ�။ သ�တ���အတ�က� စ���သ�က�ဖ��� မရ��ဘ��။ �နရ�ထ��င�ခင���တ� မရ��ဘ��။ အ�ဒ�မ�����တ��တ�� အခက�အခ� �က�ံ�နရပ�တယ�။”

အမ��က ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန��မရ��လ��� အခက�အခ��က�ံ�နရတ�� ဒ�က�သည� ၄၀၀ ခန��ဟ� ရခ��င� န�� ခ�င��တ��င��ရင��သ���တ�ပ�။ Page 58 of 73

�နရပ�စ�န��ခ��လ�တ�� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ� အ�နန�� သက�ဆ��င�ရ� �မ ���နယ�၊ �က��ရ�� အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ���တ�ထံက�� သတင���ပ�ပ��� အက�အည��တ�င��ခံမ�သ� အစ���ရက �ထ�က�ပံ�က�ည� သ������င�မယ�လ��� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�အစ���ရအဖ��� စည�ပင�သ�ယ��ရ� ဝန��က�� ဦ�ဝင���မင�� က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“က�န��တ��တ���န�� ဆက�သ�ယ�လ��ပ�� �နထ��င�သ��တ� အ��လ�ံ�က�� အဆင���ပ�အ�င� လ�ပ��ပ��နတ�ပ�။ က�န��တ��တ��� မသ�တ� �တ�က���တ�� အ��နည���က�င�� အ��နည��လ�မ��မယ�။ ဒ��ပမ�� က�န��တ��တ���န�� လ��ပ�� ဆက�သ�ယ�တယ� က�န��တ��တ���က�� အက�အည�လ��တ�င��ရင� အ��လ�ံ�က�� က�န��တ��တ��� တစ���ပ�ည� လ�ပ��ပ��နပ�တယ�။”

စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�က�� လ�မ�ဝန�ထမ��ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�န�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ���ရ� ဝန��က��ဌ�န၊ ���င�ငံတက� NGO အဖ���အစည���တ��ဖစ�တ�� ကမ ���စ��နပ�ရ�က��အစ�အစ�� WFP န�� ���င�ငံတက� �ကက���ခန�အဖ���၊ ICRC တ���က စ��နပ�ရ�က�� အက�အည��ပ��နတ�ပ�။

တစ���စ��က��� �က��မင���န�ပ��ဖစ�တ�� တပ�မ�တ��န�� AA အဖ���တ��� တ��က�ပ���တ���က�င�� အ���အ�မ�စ�န��ခ�� ထ�က���ပ��နရတ�� ဒ�က�သည�အမ���စ�ဟ� စ��နပ�ရ�က��အတ�က� �ပင�ပအလ�ရ�င��တ�ရ�� �ထ�က�ပံ� က�ည�မ��တ�က��သ� အ��က����န�က ရတ��ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ အက�အည� အလ�ံအ�လ�က� မရသလ��၊ ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန���တ�က��လည�� �က�င��မ�န�စ�� မစ�စ���ပ����င�တ�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�မ�� တ��က�ပ���တ�က�တ�� ရ���နဆ��ဖစ��ပ�� ထ�က���ပ��နရတ�� ဒ�က�သည�ကလည�� မ���လ��နတ���က�င�� �ရရ�ည�မ�� စ��နပ�ရ�က��န�� �နရ�ထ��င�ခင�� အခက�အခ�က�တ�� ဆက�ရ���နဦ�မ��ပ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။။

https://www.rfa.org/burmese/program_2/rakhine-refugees-difficulites-01192020050926.html

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ရခ��င� မင���ပ�� ��မ�မ�ပ�မ��င��က��လ��� လ� ၈ ဦ� ဒဏ�ရ�ရ

19 ဇန�နဝ�ရ�၊ 2020 | ���င�က�န��အ�န�

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�အတ�င�� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ�အတ�က� ကင��လ�ည���နသည�� �မန�မ��တပ�မ�တ��သ��မ���။ (�အ�က�တ��ဘ� ၂၁၊ ၂၀၁၆)

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� မင���ပ���မ ���နယ�၊ �ရ�က�င��က��ရ��အန�� ဒ�က�န� ��မ�မ�ပ�မ��င��တလ�ံ� �ပ�က�က��ခ��လ��� က�လ�ငယ��တ�န�� အမ����သမ�� စ�စ��ပ�င�� ၈ ဦ� ဒဏ�ရ�ရရ��ခ���ပ�� �ဆ���ံမ�� �ဆ�က�သခံ�နရပ�တယ�။ ဘယ�အဖ���က �ထ�င�ထ��တ�� မ��င��ဆ��တ� မသ�ရ�သ��ပမယ�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န�� ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���တ���အ�က�� မ�က��သ�ခင�က တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ���ခ��တ�� �နရ�လ���လည�� �ဒသခံ�တ�က ဆ��ပ�တယ�။ အ�ပည��အစ�ံက�� ဗ��အ���အ �မန�မ�ပ��င��သတင���ထ�က� ���င�က�န��အ�န� ဆက�သ�ယ��မ��မန�� သတင���ပ�ပ���ထ��ပ�တယ�။

မင���ပ���မ ���နယ� �ရ�က�င�ရ��အန�� ဒ��န�လယ�ပ��င�� ဗ�ံ��ပ�က�က��မ���က�င�� ထ�ခ��က�မ� အ��ခအ�နက���တ�� �ရ�က�င�ရ��သ�� က��စံ�မ�င�က အခ�လ����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“မ��င���ပ�က�လ���ပ�။ မ��င���ပ�က�လ���။ ၈ �ယ�က�၊ က�လ�က ၃ �ယ�က��လ�က� မ�န��မက ၅ �ယ�က�။ အ�ရ��က��တ�� လ�န� ၃ �ယ�က�ပ� ��မ�က�ဦ��ဆ���ံ သ���တယ�။ ပန����မ�င���ဆ���ံမ�� အခ� �န�က�ထပ� ၅ �ယ�က�ရ��ပ�တယ�။ အ�ဒ� ၅ �ယ�က�က��လည�� ��မ�က�ဦ�က��ပ���မယ�လ���လည�� ��ပ��န�ကပ�တယ�။”

Page 59 of 73

�ရ�က�င��က��ရ�� အ�ရ��ဘက��တ�င�တန��မ�� ထင��ရ��ထ�က�စ�� မ��င��နင��မ� �ပ�က�က��ခ��တ�ပ�။ ဒဏ�ရ��ပင��တ�� က�လ� ၃ �ယ�က�က���တ�� ��မ�က�ဦ��ဆ���ံ ပ���ထ���ပ�� က�န�ရ��တ�� အမ����သမ�� ၅ �ယ�က�က�တ�� �မ���တ��ယ���အခက�ခ���က�င�� ပန����မ�င���ဆ���ံမ��ပ� က�သ�နရပ�တယ�။

ဗ�ံ��ပ�က�က��တ���နရ�ဟ� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န�� ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���တ���အ�က�� မ�က��သ�ခင�က တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ���ခ��တ�� �နရ�လ���လည�� ရခ��င�တ��င��ရင��သ��မ������ယ�မ��� အစည��အ��ံ� အတ�င���ရ�မ�� က���ဇ���ဇ��ထ�န��က အခ�လ����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“ဒ� �လ��မ ����မစ�ရ�� အ�ရ��ဘက�ကမ���ပ���န��၊ �ရ�က�င�။ ဒ��န� ၁၁ န�ရ��က���က����လ�က�က �ဖစ�တ�။ အ�ဒ�မ��င���ပ�က�တ���နရ�က �ပ��ခ��တ��တပတ� ဆယ�ရက��လ�က�က�န�ပ���တ��မ� ဒ���စ�ဖက�တပ� တ��က�ပ���တ��ဖစ�တ�� �နရ�လ��� သ�ရတယ�။”

�ပ�က�က��တ��ဗ�ံ�ဟ� ဘယ�လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���က �ထ�င�ထ��တယ�ဆ��တ� မသ�ရ��ဘ��လ��� �ဒသခံ�တ�က ဆ��ပ�တယ�။ ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င� AA အဖ��� ��ပ�ခ�င��ရ ခ��င�သ�ခက�တ�� မ��င���ပ�က�တ���နရ�ဟ� တပ�မ�တ��က သ���လ��နတ���နရ� �ဖစ��ပ�� စစ�တပ��ထ�င�ထ��တ��မ��င��လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“မ��င���ပ�က�တ�� �ရ�က�င�ရ��တဝ��က�မ�� လ�န�ခ��တ�� ဒ�ဇင�ဘ�တ�န��က�ပ���န�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�က သ�တ��� ဒ�စစ���က�င���တ� အမ����က�� အ�ဒ�မ�� သ���လ�ခ��တ�� �နရ�ဗ�။ �န�က��ပ��လ���ရ��ရင� လက�နက��က���တ�လည��ပ� ဒ��နရ��တ�မ�� မ�ပ�က�က��ဘ� က�န�တ��ဥစ���တ� အမ����က��ရ��တယ�။ �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�ဘက�က �ထ�င�ထ��တ�� မ��င���တ�လည�� အမ����က��ရ��တယ�။ ဒ� �ပည�သ��တ�အတ�က��တ�� အ� �ရ�ယ� အမ����က��ရ��တ���နရ��ပ��။ ”

AA ဘက�က�တ�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�က �ထ�င�ထ��တ�� မ��င��လ��� ��ပ��နတ��အ�ပ� အ�န�က�ပ��င��တ��င�� စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ� တပ�မ�တ����ပ�ခ�င��ရ ဗ��လ�မ���က�� ၀င���ဇ��ဦ�က�� ဆက�သ�ယ�ရ�မ�� ဆက�သ�ယ�လ��� မရခ��ပ�ဘ��။

�မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န�� ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င� AA အဖ���တ���အ�က�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�စ�� တ��စ��က���အတ�င�� အရပ�သ���တ� ထ�ခ��က��သဆ�ံ� ဒဏ�ရ�ရတ� တ�န�ထက�တ�န� ပ��မ���လ��နတ�ပ�။

အထ��သ�ဖင�� ပဋ�ပက��ဖစ�စ���တ�မ�� အမ����သမ��န�� က�လ��တ� ထ�ခ��က�မ� ပ��မ���တယ�လ��� ရခ��င�အမ����သမ��မ���က�န�ရက� ဥက�� �ဒ�����အ�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“က�မတ���က စ���ရ�မ�စ�တ� �မင��တက�တ��ပ���န��။ �ဖစ�ရင�လည�� အမ����သမ���တ�က နစ�န�တယ��ပ���န��။ က�မတ���မ�� အမ����သ�� အဖမ��ခံရတ�ပ��ဖစ��ဖစ� သ��သမ�� အဖမ��ခံရတ� �ဖစ��ဖစ��ပ���န��။ က�လ�သ�ငယ��တ�န�� အမ����သမ���တ�ပ� နစ�န�တယ��ပ���လ။ �ပ���တ��လည�� က�မတ���မ�� Camp �တ�မ��လည�� လ��တ� တအ��က�� အခ�က တသ�န���က����လ�က� ရ��ပ�တယ��လ။ အ�ဒ�မ��လည�� အမ����သမ���တ�န�� က�လ�သ�ငယ��တ� �န�က��ပ���တ�� က��ယ�ဝန��ဆ�င�အမ����သမ���တ� �တ���တ���လ� ဒ�က��ရ�က��နတ�က�� သ�ရတယ�။ ”

တ��က�ပ��စ��အတ�င�� အရပ�သ�� ၁၂၀ �က��� �သဆ�ံ�ခ��သလ�� ၂၃၀ �က��� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ� ရရ��ခ���ပ�� လ�ဦ��ရတသ�န���က��� စစ��ဘ�တ�မ���ရ��င��နရတယ�လ��� ရခ��င�လ�မ�အဖ���အစည���တ�က စ�ရင���ပ�စ�ထ��ပ�တယ�။

ပဋ�ပက� �ပင��ထန��နတ�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ���မ�က�ပ��င�� �ဒသမ�� စစ��ရ�နည��န�� ��ဖရ�င��မ�ထက� အစ���ရန�� �တ��ဆ�ံ�ဆ������မ�က�� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�ဖ��� ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�အဖ��� (AA) က�� တ��တ�အစ���ရက တ�န��အ���ပ�ခ���ပ���န�က�မ�� ဒ�ရက�ပ��င���တ�အတ�င�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ���တ� မရ���ပမယ�� ဗ�ံ�က��မ��တ� �ဖစ�ပ���လ�တ�လည�� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

https://burmese.voanews.com/a/rakhine-minbya-landmine-explosion/5251509.html

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Page 60 of 73

မင���ပ��န�� ပ�ဏ���က�န��မ�� �ပ�က�က��မ��တ���က�င�� အရပ�သ�� က����ယ�က� ဒဏ�ရ�ရ

�ဖ��ဖ�ခ��င� | 2020-01-19

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� ��မ�က�ဦ�၊ မင���ပ��န�� ပ�ဏ���က�န���မ ���နယ� ��မပ�ံက�� �တ��ရစ�� Photo: Google Map

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�မ�� သ�ံ�ရက�အတ�င�� တ��က�ပ��မရ���ပမယ�� မင���ပ���မ ���နယ�န�� ပ�ဏ���က�န���မ ���နယ�တ���မ�� မ�ပ�က�က��ဘ� က�န��နခ��တ�� လက�နက��က��က�ည� �ပ�က�က��တ�၊ မ��င���ပ�က�က��တ��တ���က�င�� အရပ�သ�� က����ယ�က� ထ�ခ��က� ဒဏ�ရ�ရခ��ပ�တယ�။

မင���ပ���မ ���နယ� �ရ�က�န��က��ရ��အန��မ�� မ�ပ�က�က���သ�ဘ� က�န��နတ�� လက�နက��က��က�ည� �ပ�က�က�� ခ��တ���က�င�� ထင��ရ��တ�� က�လ� သ�ံ��ယ�က�အပ�အဝင� အရပ�သ�� ရ�စ� �ယ�က� ဒဏ�ရ�ရရ��ခ��ပ�တယ�။

�ရ�က�န�က��ရ��ရ�� အ�ရ����မ�က�ဘက� ��ခ�က�ဖ�လ�ံ ခန��မ��ရ��တ�� �တ�စပ�တစ��နရ�မ�� ဒ�က�န� �န�လယ� ၁၁ န�ရ�ခ��မ�� �ပ�က�က��တ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ���တ�� သ��တ�က�တ�� အသက� ၁၂ အရ�ယ� �မ�င�စ������င�လင��န�� �မ�င�ခ�စ�ဦ�၊ ၁၃ ��စ�အရ�ယ� �မ�င�သ�န��လင���ခ� တ���အ�ပင� ၂၁ ��စ�အရ�ယ� မခ��င�ခ��င�ဝင��န�� မဝင��ဝင��သန��၊ ၄၂ ��စ�အရ�ယ� �ဒ�မ�က���ဦ�၊ ၇၃ ��စ�အရ�ယ� �ဒ�မ�အ���န�� တ��� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

ဒဏ�ရ�ရခ��သ� ရ�စ��ယ�က�က�� ဒ�က�န� ည�နမ�� ပန����မ�င���ဆ���ံက�န ��မ�က�ဦ��ဆ���ံက�� ��ပ�င�� �ရ��ထ���ပ�� ဒ�အထ�က �က��င��သ�� တစ��ယ�က�န�� အမ����သမ�� ��စ��ယ�က�က�တ�� စ���ရ�မ�ရတယ�လ��� �ရ�က�န��က��ရ�� အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ�� ဦ�����မ�င�သ�န��က RFA က����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“ စ���ရ�မ�ရတ��သ��တ� သ�ံ��ယ�က��လ�က� ပ�ပ�တယ�။ မ�န��မတစ�ဦ�က ဝမ��ဗ��က�မ��ထ�တ� နည��နည��စ���ရ�မ�ရတယ�။ သ�န��လင���ခ�ဆ��တ�� သ�မ��လည�� ��ခမ�က�စ��တ� ��ခ�တ�မ�� ဒဏ�ရ�ရထ���ပ�� စ���ရ�မ�ရတယ�။ က�န��တ��တ��� အ��လ�ံ�က�� တ�တ�က�က���ပ�ဖ��� အဆင�မ��ပ�သ�ပ�ဘ��။”

�ပ�က�က��မ� �ဖစ�ခ��တ���နရ�မ�� �ပ��ခ��တ�� �သဂ�တ�လန�� စက�တင�ဘ�လ�တ�က တပ�မ�တ��န�� ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� AA တ��� တ��က�ပ���တ� �ဖစ�ပ���ခ��တယ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။ ဒ�လ��တ��က�ပ�� �ဖစ�ပ���ရ�က မ�ပ�က�က���သ�ဘ� က�န�ခ��တ�� လက�နက��က��က�ည� �ဖစ����င�တယ�လ��� �ဒသခံ�တ�က ယ�ဆ�ကပ�တယ�။

ဒ�လ���ပ�က�က��မ�န�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� AA ��ပ��ရ�ဆ��ခ�င��ရ��သ� ခ��င�သ�ခ က

“�ရ�က�န�ရ��တစ�ဝ��က�မ�� လ�န�ခ��တ�� တစ�လ�က���ခန��က က�လ��မ�တ�င�ရ�� �န�က��က��မ�� ရ��တ�� မင��ဘ���တ�င�န��မ�� ရက� ��င��တပ��တ��န��တ��က�ပ�� �ဖစ�ပ���ခ��တ�ရ���ပ�� အ�ဒ�အခ��န�ကတပ�မ�တ��က �ရ�က�န�ရ��တစ�ဝ��က�မ�� တပ�မ�တ��စစ���က�င���တ� အမ����က���နရ�ယ��ပ���တ�� စခန��ခ�ခ��တ�ရ��တယ�။ အ�ဒ��ရ�က�န�ရ��အန�� �တ��တ�င��တ�အ��ံ� လက�နက��က���တ�န�� ရမ��သမ�� ပစ�ခတ�တ��တ�လည�� အ�ဒ��န�က�ပ��င��မ�� အမ����က��ရ��တယ�။ မ�ပ�က�က��ဘ� က�န�ခ��တ�� လက�နက��က��က�ည�ပ� က��တ�လ��၊ မဟ�တ�ဘ�အ�ဒ�မ�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�က �ထ�င�ထ��ခ��တ��စ�န��လ�တ� မ��င���ပ���န��။ အ�ဒ�စ�န��လ�တ�မ��င���တ�က ရ��သ���တ�အတ�က��တ�� အ�မ�တမ��အ� �ရ�ယ�ရ�����င�တယ�။ �ဖစ����င�တ�က စ�န��လ�တ�မ��င���တ� ထ�တ��ဖစ����င�တယ�” ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ဒ��န� တစ�ရက�တည��မ��ပ� ပ�ဏ���က�န���မ ���နယ� ဗ��ဒ�� �က��ရ��သ�� တစ��ယ�က� မ��င��နင��မ��ပ�� ��ခ�ထ�က�

Page 61 of 73

ဒဏ�ရ�ရခ��ပ�တယ�။ အသက� ၄၀ အရ�ယ� ဦ�သန��ထ�န��လ�ဟ� ဒ�က�န� မနက�ပ��င��က ဗ��ဒ���က��ရ��ရ�� အ�န�က�ဘက� ��စ�ဖ�လ�ံခန�� အက�� �တ�င�န��က�� ထင��ရ��သ���ခ��န�မ�� မ��င��နင��မ�ခ��တ�လ��� အမ����သ��လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ�ခင��မ�င�လတ� က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

မ��င��နင��မ�ခ��တ���က�င�� ည�ဘက���ခက�င��ဝတ� �ပတ�ထ�က�သ����ပ�� စ���ရ�မ�ရတယ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။ လက�ရ�� ယ���တ��တ��ဆ���ံမ�� �ဆ�က�သခံ�နပ�တယ�။

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ���မ�က�ပ��င��က �မ ���နယ��တ��ဖစ�တ�� ရ�သ��တ�င�၊ ဘ��သ���တ�င�၊ �မ�င��တ�၊ ��မ�က�ဦ�၊ �က��က��တ��၊ မင���ပ��န�� ပ�ဏ���က�န��စတ�� �မ ���နယ��တ�မ�� တပ�မ�တ��န�� ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� AA တ��� �န�စ��လ��လ�� တ��က�ပ���တ� �ဖစ�ပ���ခ���ပ�� မသက��သ��တ�က�� ဖမ��ဆ��စစ��ဆ�တ��တ� �သဆ�ံ�မ��တ�က�တ�� �န�တ��င��လ��လ�� �ဖစ��နတယ�လ��� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ��တ�က ��ပ��ကပ�တယ�။

ဒ�သ�ံ�ရက�အတ�င�� တ��က�ပ�� မရ���ပမယ��လည�� ဒ�တစ��န�တည��မ�� �ပ�က�က��မ��တ���က�င�� လ�ထ�ခ��က� ဒဏ�ရ�ရသလ�� ဒ��န�မ��ပ� ��မ�က�ဦ��မ ���နယ�မ�� တပ�ကပစ�လ��� အရပ�သ��တစ�ဦ� �သဆ�ံ�ခ��တယ�လ��� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ�ခင��မ�င�လတ� က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“စစ�တ��က��ကရင�လည�� ���င�ငံတက�ဥပ�ဒန�� အည�စည��န��ကမ��န�� တ��က��ကတ� �က�င��တယ�။ ပ�ဏ���က�န���မ ���နယ�မ��လည�� ဒ��န� မ��င����စ��ယ�က�ထ�တယ�။ တစ��ယ�က�ကအ�က��အက�ယ� ဒဏ�ရ�ရတယ�။ ��မ�က�ဦ�မ��က��တ�� တပ��ရ��က �ဖတ�သ���တ�� ဆ��င�ကယ�သမ��က��ပစ�တ� တစ��ယ�က�ဆ�ံ�သ���တယ�။ တ��က�ပ��သ�မ�ဖစ�တ� လ��သဆ�ံ�မ�ကအ�မ�တမ��လ��လ��ရ��တယ�။ ”

��မ�က�ဦ��မ ���နယ� ခမရ ၅၄၀ တပ�ရင��က ပစ�တ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။ �သဆ�ံ�သ�ဟ� အသက� ၃၂ ��စ�ဝန��က�င� က���ဌ����င��ဖစ��ပ�� ဧရ�ဝတ�တ��င���ဒသ�က�� �လ�မ�က�����မ ���နယ�က�န ��မ�က�ဦ�က�� �ရ�က�ရ���နတ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ ၁၈ ရက��န� မ�န�က�တ�� မင���ပ���မ ���နယ�က အရပ�သ�� တစ�ဦ�က�� တပ�မ�တ��က ဖမ��ဆ��သ���တ�� �ဖစ�စ��လည�� ရ��ခ��ပ�တယ�။

မင���ပ���မ ���နယ� �ပင��ယ�င���က��ရ��က ရ�င��ပ�အလ�က�� �ရ�က��နတ�� အသက� ၂၈ ��စ�အရ�ယ� က���က���မင�����င�ဟ� ��မ�က�ဦ�က�� ဖ�န��ဝယ�ဖ���သ���ခ��န�မ�� အမ�တ� ( ၅၄၀ ) တပ�ရင���ရ��က �ဖတ�သန��သ���ခ��န� မသက��လ���ဆ���ပ�� ဖမ��ဆ��လ��က�တ�လ��� �ပင��ယ�င���က��ရ�� အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ��က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“က�န��တ���မ�� ရ�င��ပ�မ��မ��� သ��အ�ဖန�� က�န��တ��ကည�အစ�က���ပ�ထ��လ��� သ�တ���လ��ကတ�။ ဒ�မ�� ရ�င��ပ��ပ�� မ�န�က ရ�င�ကထ�က�တယ�။ သ�က��မ�က�ဦ�က�� ဖ�န��ဝယ�ဖ��� သ���တ��အခ��န�မ�� မသက��လ��� ဖမ��ထ��တယ�လ��� �က��တယ�။”

ဒ���ပ�ဆ��ခ�က��တ�န�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� တပ�မ�တ��သတင��မ�န� �ပန��က���ရ�အဖ��� အတ�င���ရ�မ�� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ� �ဇ��မင��ထ�န��က�� RFA က �မ��မန��ဖ��� ဒ��န� အ�က�မ��က�မ�ဆက�သ�ယ��ပမယ�� ဆက�သ�ယ�လ��� မရခ��ပ�ဘ��။

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�အတ�င�� တပ�မ�တ��န�� AA တ��� တ��က�ပ���တ���က�င�� ၂၀၁၉ က�န ဒ��န�အထ� လ�ဦ��ရ ၁၀၀ �က���န�� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�သ� လ�ဦ��ရ ၂၆၀ �က���အထ�ရ���န�ပ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/nine-civilians-injured-in-minbya-ponnagyun-explosion- 01192020071719.html

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Page 62 of 73

ဘ��သ���တ�င�မ�� က�လ�တစ�ဦ� က�ည�ထ�မ�န�ဒဏ�ရ�ရ

2020-01-20

��ခ�ထ�က�မ�� �သနတ�က�ည�ဆန�ထ�မ�န�ခ��တ�� ဆင��သ�ပင�ရ��က က�လ�ငယ�တစ�ဦ�က�� �တ��ရစ�� Photo: MP Oung Thaung Shway

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ� ဆင��သ�ပင� မ�တ�စလင��က��ရ��မ�� ဒ��န�မနက� ၄ န�ရ� �လ�က�က ရ��ထ�က�နအ�မ�တစ�လ�ံ�က�� �သနတ�က�ည�က��ရ�က�လ��� အသက� ၇ ��စ�အရ�ယ� က�လ�တစ�ဦ� ယ�ဘက���ခ�ထ�က�မ�� က�ည�ထ�မ�န�ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ���ပ�တယ�။

ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ���တ�� မ�န��က�လ�ငယ�ဟ� မဇ����က��ဖစ��ပ�� ဘ��သ���တ�င��ဆ���ံက�� ပ����ဆ�င�ထ��ရပ�တယ�။

က�လ�ရ��အ�ဖ ဦ��ရ��ဖ��က�တ�� မ�သ��စ�အ�ပ��ပ����နစ�� သ�ံ�ဆယ��တစ�ဘ�ံဘ�ရ��အန��မ�� တပ�စ��ထ��တ�� တပ�မ�တ��က ပစ�ခတ�လ��က�တ��က�ည�ဟ� သ��ရ��သမ���လ�ဆ� ထ�မ�န�ခ��တ�လ��� RFA က�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“စစ�သ���တ�က သ�ံ�ဆယ��တစ�ဘ�ံ�စတ�က�န ပစ�တ�ပ�။ က�လ�ကအ�ပ��နတ� အ�ဒ� မနက� ၄ န�ရ��လ�က�မ�� က�ည�က�လ�လ��� က�လ�ဆ� ထ�သ���မ� က�န��တ��တ���သ�တ�။ အခ��တ�� ဘ��သ���တ�င� �ဆ���ံမ��ပ�”

တပ�မ�တ��ကပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ည�လ��� ဘ���က�င����ပ����င�တ�လ�လ��� ဦ��ရ��ဖ��က�� RFA က �မ��မန��ရ�မ�� �သနတ�ပစ�သံ သ�ံ�ခ�က�စလ�ံ�ဟ� သ�ံ�ဆယ��တစ�ဘ�ံဘ�ရ��အန��ဘက�က�န ထ�က��ပ�လ�ခ��တ���က�င�� အ�ဒ��နရ�မ�� တပ�စ��ထ��တ�� တပ�မ�တ��က ပစ�ခတ�တယ�ဆ��တ�က�� သ��အ�နန��ယ�ံ�ကည�တ�လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ဆင��သ�ပင�မ�တ�စလင��က��ရ��ဟ� တပ�မ�တ��စစ���က�င��ရ��တ�� သ�ံ�ဆယ��တစ�ဘ�ံဘ�ရ��ရ�� ��မ�က�ဘက� သ�ံ�ဖ�လ�ံခန��သ� က���ဝ�တယ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

က�လ�က�� က�ည�ထ�မ�န�တ��က�စ�န�� ပတ�သက�လ��� အ�ဒ�တပ�မ�တ��စစ���က�င�� တ�ဝန�ရ��သ�က မ�သ��စ�က���ခ��ပ�� ဒ��န�မနက�က စ�ံစမ���မ��မန��ရ�မ�� တပ�မ�တ��က ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ည� ထ�မ�န�တ�လ��� ဦ��ရ��ဖ��က ��ပ�ဆ��ခ���ပမယ�� တပ�မ�တ��ဘက�က�တ�� သ�တ���ပစ�ခတ�တ� မရ��ဘ��လ��� �ငင��ဆ��လ��က���က�င�� ဦ��ရ��ဖ��က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� (AA) ရ�� ��ပ�ခ�င��ရသ� ခ��င�သ�ခက အ�ဒ��နရ�မ�� ဒ��န�တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တ� မရ��ဘ��လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“အ�ဒ�သ�ံ�ဆယ��တစ�ဘ�ံဘက�မ���တ�� က�န��တ��တ���န�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တ� လ�ံ�ဝမရ��ဘ��ဗ�။ ဗမ�စစ�တပ�ဘက�က�တ�� သ�တ��� �န�စ���န�တ��င�� ရမ��သမ��ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ� လ�ပ��နတ��ပ���န��။ လက�နက�ငယ��တ�န�� ပစ�တ��တ�ရ��တယ�။ �န�က�လက�နက��က��န�� ပစ�တ��တ�လည��ရ��တယ�။ သ�တ���က �တ�က��လ��က� ရမ��သမ��ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ�က�� လ�ပ��နတ�။ တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တ��တ�� လ�ံ�ဝမရ��ဘ��ဗ�။ အခ� ဒ�မ�တ�စလင� အမ����ငယ�တစ��ယ�က� က�ည�ထ�မ�န�တယ� ဆ��တ��ဥစ��ကလည�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�က�န�ပ���တ�� ရမ��သမ��ပစ�တ��က�ည�ဆံပ��ဖစ�ပ�လ�မ��မယ�”

ဒ�က�စ�န��ပတ�သက�လ��� အ�န�က�ပ��င��တ��င�� စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ� တ��င��ဦ�စ�� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� ဝင���ဇ��ဦ�က�� RFA က ဒ��န�ဆက�သ�ယ��မ��မန��ခ���ပမယ�� ဖ�န��လက�ခံ��ဖ�က���ခင�� မရ��ပ�ဘ��။

ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ� �ပည�သ��လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ��အ�င��သ�င���ရ�က�တ�� စစ��ရ�န��မဆ��င�တ�� �ဒသခံ�တ�ဟ� လ�ံ�ခ�ံမ�မရ��ဘ���ဖစ��နတယ�လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 63 of 73

အရပ�သ���တ�က�� အက�အက�ယ��ပ�ဖ��� သက�ဆ��င�ရ�အ�က��အက��တ�က �အ�က���ခတပ�ဖ����တ�က�� ထ�ထ��ရ�က�တ�� ��န��က��မ��တ� လ�ပ�ဖ���လ��အပ�တယ�လ���လည�� သ�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“တ��က�ပ��မ�� လက�နက�က��င��ပ�� တ��က��နတ��လ��တ�က လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�န��အည��ပ���န��၊ က�န��တ��တ���အရပ�သ���တ�က�� အက�အက�ယ��ပ�ဖ��� လ��အပ�တယ�။ မလ��အပ�ဘ�န�� ဒ�လ��အရပ�သ��ဘက�က�� ဒ�လ��ပစ��နတ�တ��� မလ�ပ�ဖ���အတ�က� လ��အပ�တ��ပ��။ ဒ��အ�က���ခကလ��တ�က ဒ�လ��အ�ပ�က ��န��က��ထ���တ�က�� မလ��က�န�ဘ��လ�����ပ�လ��� ရတ��ပ��။ ဘယ�အဖ����တ�က ဘယ�လ��လ�ပ��နလ�ဆ��တ� ဒ�ထ�ခ��က�ခံ�နရတ�� လ��တ�က အသ�ဆ�ံ��ဖစ��နတယ�။ ဒ���က�င�� ဒ�လ��တ�ရ��စ�တ�ထ�မ�� က�က�ယ�မ�ရ�အ�င� အ�ပ�ကလည�� �အ�က���ခကလ��တ�က�� ထ�ထ��ရ�က��ရ�က� ��န��က��ဖ���လ��တ��ပ��”

တပ�မ�တ�� ��ပ�ခ�င��ရသ��တ�ဘက�က�တ�� တပ�မ�တ��ဟ� ထ��တ��တ��က�ခ��က�မ�ဆ��င�ရ� စည��မ�����တ�အရ တ�တ�က�က��ဆ�င�ရ�က��နတ��ဖစ��ပ�� အရပ�သ���တ�က�� ထ�ခ��က��အ�င�မလ�ပ�ဘ��လ��� ��ပ�ဆ��ထ���ကပ�တယ�။

�ပ��ခ�တ����စ� �အ�က�တ��ဘ�လ ၈ ရက��န�ကလည�� အ�ဒ�ဆင��သ�ပင��က��ရ��က အသက� ၇၀ ဝန��က�င�အရ�ယ� လ��က��တစ�ဦ�ဟ� ပ�စ�န�ကန�က��င��ရ��သ���စ��မ�� �သနတ�န��ပစ�ခတ�ခံရလ��� �သဆ�ံ�ခ��ပ�တယ�။

ဒ�ဆင��သ�ပင��က��ရ��မ�� �ပ��ခ��တ�� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�အတ�င��က လက�နက��က���တ�န�� ရ��ထ�က��ပစ�ခတ�ခံရလ��� �နအ�မ��တ� မ���လ�င�သ���တ�၊ အမ����သမ��အခ���� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရတ�၊ တစ�ခ�တစ�ခ� ရ��အန��မ�� တပ�မ�တ��န�� �အ�အအဖ���တ��� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�လ��� ရ��သ���တ� အ�ခ���နရ��တ�က�� ထ�က���ပ�တ�မ���ရ��င�ရတ��တ� ရ���နတ��ရ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

စစ��ရ�ပဋ�ပက��တ� �ပင��ထန��နတ�� ရခ��င���မ�က�ပ��င���ဒသမ�� �ပ��ခ��တ��တစ���စ�တ�အတ�င�� အရပ�သ�� �သဆ�ံ�မ� ၁၀၀ �က���န�� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရမ�က ၂၅၀ �က���အထ�ရ��ခ��တယ�လ��� စစ��တ��မ ���အ��ခစ��က� ရခ��င�တ��င��ရင��သ��မ������ယ�မ��� အစည��အ��ံ� (REC) က ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

အခ���စ�ဆန��ပ��င��မ��လည�� �ပ��ခ��တ��ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၅ ရက�က�န ဒ��န�အထ� အခ��န� ��စ�ပတ�အတ�င��မ�� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ� ၂၀ �က���န�� �သဆ�ံ�သ� က���ဦ�ထက�မနည��ရ���နပ�တယ�။

https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/buthidaung-injure-01202020033334.html

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မင���ပ��က �ပ��က�သ���သ�အခ����က�� �သဆ�ံ�လ�က��ပန��တ��၊ ရ��သ�� ၃ဦ�က�� �တ��၂ပတ��က����က�တ��အထ� ရ��မ�တ��

20 ဇန�နဝ�ရ� 2020

ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ပထမပတ�ထ� မင���ပ���မ ���နယ�န�� ��မပ�ံ�မ ���နယ�အ�က�� ရန�က�န�-စစ��တ�အ�ဝ���ပ�က�� လမ��မ တစ��လ��က�မ�� တ��က�ပ���တ� အ�ပင��အထန� �ဖစ�ပ���ခ��ခ��န� သင��ပ�န���ခ��င���က��ရ��သ����စ�ဦ�န�� ဖ���ပ��� �က��ရ��န�� ကမ��န��က��ရ��အ�က�� �ဈ�ဆ��င��ရ�င��ခ��န သ� ဦ�ခက��မ�င�တ��� �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ�သ���ခ��ပ�တယ�။

သင��ပ�န���ခ��င���က��ရ��သ����စ�ဦ��ဖစ�တ�� ဦ��မ�င�သန���မင�� အသက� (၄၃) ��စ�န�� ဦ�ဝင���မ�င� အသက� (၃၂)��စ� တ�����စ�ဦ�ဟ� �ပ��ခ��တ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၇ ရက��န� ည��� ၂ န�ရ��က����လ�က�မ�� လ�တစ�ဦ�ကဖ�န��ဆက��ပ�� ရ���ပင�က��ထ�က�ခ��ဖ��� �ခ�တ��အတ�က�

Page 64 of 73

ထ�က�သ���ခ��တ�� အခ��န�က�န �ပန�မ�ရ�က��တ��ဘ� �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ�သ���ခ�� တ��ဖစ�တယ�လ��� မ�သ��စ��တ�က��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

" ၇ ရက��န�မ���လင�� အ��ဏ� ၂ န�ရ��က����လ�က�က ထ�က�သ���တ�။ အ��ဒ�အခ��န�က�န အဆက�အသ�ယ�မရ ဘ� �ဖစ��နတ�ပ�။ ဘယ�လ��က�စ�န��ထ�က�သ���လ�ဆ��တ�က�� အ�မ�ကလ��တ�က��လည��မ��ပ�ခ��ဘ��။ သ�တ��� ��စ��ယ�က�က န��န��ကပ�ကပ��နတ�ဆ���တ�� သ�တ�����စ��ယ�က�ထ�က�သ���တ�။ ဖ�န��ဆက�လ����ခ�တယ�လ���ပ� ��ပ�ခ��တယ�။ ဘယ�သ��ခ�လ�ဆ��တ� ��ပ�မသ���ဘ��။"လ��� �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ��နသ�ဦ�ဝင���မ�င�ရ��ဇန���ဖစ�သ� �ဒ�န�န�ဝင��က��ပ��ပပ�တယ�။

သ�တ����ပ��က�ဆ�ံ��ပ�� ရက�ပ��င��အတ�င��မ��လည�� မင���ပ���မ ���နယ� ရ��မ�င�တံတ��အန��န�� ဖ���ပ��� �က��ရ��အန�� ဝန��က�င��တ�မ�� တပ�မ�တ��န�� ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� �အ�အတ���အ�က�� တ��က�ပ���တ�အ�ပင�� အထန��ဖစ�ပ���ခ���ကသလ�� တပ�မ�တ�� စစ���က�င���တ�က�� မ��င��ဆ��တ��က�ခ��က�မ��တ�ရ��ခ��တ��အတ�က� တပ�မ�တ��သ�� အရ�ရ���တ�လည�� က�ဆ�ံ�ခ���ကရပ�တယ�။

အ��ဒ��က��ရ����စ�ရ��ဟ� အ�န�က�ပ��င��တ��င�� စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ�ရ�� �လ�က�င���ရ�စခန��တစ�ခ��ဖစ�တ�� (တ��င��ဗဟ�� ၉) န�� အန��ဝန��က�င�က �က��ရ���တ��ဖစ��ပ�� တ��က�ပ���တ��ဖစ�ပ����နတ��က�လ�တ�မ�� �က��ရ��သ���တ� �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ�တ��တ�ရ��ခ���ပ�� တခ����က���တ�� ဒ�ရက�ပ��င��အတ�င��မ�� �သဆ�ံ�လ�က�န�� အ�လ�င���တ��ပန��တ��ခ�� တယ�လ��� �ဒသခံ�တ�က��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

�က��ရ��သ���တ��ပ��က�ဆ�ံ��နတ�န��ပတ�သက�လ��� တပ�မ�တ��စစ���က�င���တ�က ဖမ��ဆ��သ���တ�ရ��မရ�� အ�န�က�ပ��င��တ��င��စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ�န�� တပ�မ�တ��သတင��မ�န��ပန��က���ရ�အဖ���တ���က�� ဘ�ဘ�စ�က အ�က�မ��က�မ� ဆက�သ�ယ�ခ���ပမယ�� အဆက�အသ�ယ�မရရ��ခ��ပ�ဘ��။

�ပ��က�ဆ�ံ��နသ� �န�က�ထပ�တစ�ဦ��ဖစ�တ�� ဦ�ခက��မ�င� အသက� (၅၄)��စ�ဟ� မင���ပ���မ ���နယ� ဖ���ပ����က��ရ��န�� ကမ��န��က��ရ��အ�က�� �ဇ�က��ခ��င��ရ���ဟ�င���နရ�မ�� �ဈ�ဆ��င��ရ�င���နသ��ဖစ��ပ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ ၁၁ ရက��န� �န�လည� ၂ န�ရ��လ�က�က အ��ဒ��နရ�အန�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ����ပ��တ���န�က�ပ��င��မ�� �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ�သ���ခ��တ��ဖစ�တယ�လ��� ဇန��သည� �ဒ�မသန����က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ဦ�ခက��မ�င�တ���မ�သ��စ�ဟ� အထက�င�ပ���ခ��င���က��ရ��သ���တ��ဖစ��က�ပ�� အ��ဒ��ဇ�က��ခ��င��မ�� �ဈ�ဆ��င��ရ�င��ခ��ပ�� �နထ��င��န�ကတ� င����စ��လ�က�ရ���န�ပ��ဖစ�တယ�လ���ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

လက�ရ��မ�� သတင��စ�ံစမ��မ��တ�အရ ဦ�ခက��မ�င�ဟ� ကမ��န��က��ရ��အန��က တပ�မ�တ���လ�က�င���ရ� သတင�တန���က��င�� တ��င��ဗဟ�� ၉ မ�� ဖမ��ဆ��ခံရ�ပ�� ရ���နတယ�လ��� သ�ရ��က�င�� �ဒ�မသန����က ��ပ�ပ� တယ�။

"အ��ဒ��န�က တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�မ��က��လည��မသ�ဘ��။ သ�ရင�လည��ထ�က���ပ�မ���ပ��။ တ��က�ပ���ဖစ��ပ��တ�န��က�� ဆက�သ�ယ�လ���မရ�တ�� ဘ��။ အ��ဒ�မ��ဆ��င��ရ�င���နတ�။ က�န�မလ� ရန�က�န�မ�� သမ��ဆ�က��အလည� �ရ�က��နတ�။ အခ�သ��က�� တ��င��ဗဟ�� ၉ မ��ရ��တယ�လ�����ပ��ကပ�တယ�။ က�န�မ�ယ�က����န�� �န�က�တစ�ရ��က ��စ��ယ�က��ပ��က��နတယ�။ တ��င��ဗဟ�� ၉ မ�� သ�ံ ံ��ယ�က�ဖမ��ထ��တယ�လ��� ��ပ��ကတယ�။"လ��� �ဒ�မသန����က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ဦ�ခက��မ�င�ဟ� အသက�ရ�ယ�လည���က���န�ပ��ဖစ�က� သမ�အ�ဇ�ဝလ�ပ�က��င�စ���သ�က��နတ� �ဖစ���က�င��န�� ဘယ�သ�န��မ�အဆက�အသ�ယ�မရ��သ��ဖစ�တ��အတ�က� ဖမ��ဆ��ထ��လ���ရ��ရင�လည�� �ပန�လည�လ�တ� �ပ�ဖ��� ဇန��သည�က�တ�င��ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

�ပ��က�ဆ�ံ�သ�အခ����က�� �သဆ�ံ�လ�က��ပန��တ��တ��တ�လည��ရ��

ဒ��အ�ပင� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၁ ရက��န� တ��က�ပ��အတ�င��မ�� မင���ပ���မ ���က�န�ဈ�ဝယ��ပ�� ဆ��င�ကယ�န��ရ��က���ပန�လ�ရ� က တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ���တ���နရ�မ�� �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ�သ���ခ��တ��ကမ��န��က��ရ��က က���ဇ��ဝင��သ�န�� က�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက��န�မ�� က��ရ��သ���တ�က အ�လ�င��က�� ရ���ဖ��တ��ရ��ခ��တယ�လ���လည�� �မလ�မ���က��ရ��သ��တစ�ဦ� က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 65 of 73

က���ဇ��ဝင��သ�န��ဟ� မင���ပ���မ ���ကထ�က�လ�ခ��တ��အခ��န� မ�သ��စ�က��အ��က�င���က��ခ���ပ�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ���တ�� �နရ�က�� အ�ရ�က�မ�� အဆက�အသ�ယ��ပတ�သ���တ��ဖစ����င���ကင��န�� သ��ရ��အ�လ�င��က�� �က��ရ��သ�� တစ�ဦ�က လ�န�ခ��တ�� ၄ ရက��လ�က�က�န �တ��ရ��ခ���ပမယ�� တပ�မ�တ��စစ���က�င���တ� စခန��ခ�ထ��တ� ��က�င�� ၁၈ ရက��န�မ� အန��ဝန��က�င�က ရ��သ���တ�သ���ယ��ပ�� ည�နပ��င�� ၄ န�ရ��လ�က�မ�� သ�ဂ ��ဟ��ပ� လ��က�ရတယ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

က���ဇ��ဝင��သ�န��စ��လ�တ��ဆ��င�ကယ�က�� �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ��နသ� ဦ�ခက��မ�င�ရ���ဈ�ဆ��င�ရ��တ�� တ�အ�မ��ခံဝင��အတ�င�� မ�� �န�က�ဘ��မပ�ဘ� �ပန��တ��ခ��ရ�ပ�� အ�လ�င��က���တ�� အ�ဒ��ဈ�ဆ��င�ရ��အ�န�က�ဘက� �ပ ၁၅၀ ခန��အက�� �ခ��င��ထ�မ�� �တ��ရ��ခ��တ��ဖစ�တယ�လ���ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

သင��ပ�န���ခ��င���က��ရ��က ဦ��မ�င�သန���မင��န�� ဦ�ဝင���မ�င�တ�����စ�ဦ�က�� ဘယ�သ��တ�ဖမ��ဆ��သ���လ� ဆ��တ�က�� ခန��မ�န��ဖ���ခက�ခ��ပ�� သ�တ�����စ��ယ�က�ဟ� တစ��နရ�က��ခရ��လ�န��နသလ�� ဒ�မ�မဟ�တ� တစ�စ�ံတစ�ဦ�က ထ�န��သ�မ��ထ��တ�လ��ဆ��တ�က�� ခန��မ�န��လ���မရ�ဖစ��နတယ�လ��� မ�သ��စ��တ�က ��ပ�ပ� တယ�။

"သ�တ���က ဘ�တစ�ခ�မ�လည��မလ�ပ�ထ��ဘ��။ အ�ပစ�မရ��တ��အတ�က� တကယ�လ��� ဖမ��ဆ��ထ��တယ�ဆ��ရင�လ� သ�တ���အခ��န�နည��နည��ပ��ပ��လ�န�သ���တ��အတ�က� လ�တ��ပ��စခ�င�တယ�။ သ�တ���န��အဆက�အသ�ယ�ရဖ��� အတ�က�က��လည�� �တ�င��ဆ��ခ�င�ပ�တယ�။"လ��� ဦ�ဝင���မ�င�ရ��ဇန��သည� �ဒ�န�န�ဝင��က��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

သင��ပ�န���ခ��င���က��ရ��သ�� ဦ��မ�င�သန���မင��မ�� ပန��ရံလ�ပ�ငန��လ�ပ�က��င��ပ�� ဦ�ဝင���မ�င�မ�� လယ�ယ� လ�ပ�ငန��န�� က���မ�င��တ��အလ�ပ��တ�က�� လ�ပ�က��င��န�ကသ��တ��ဖစ��ပ�� ဘယ�အဖ���အစည��န��မ� ဆက�စပ�မ� မရ���ကဘ��လ��� မ�သ��စ��တ�က��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ���မ�က�ပ��င��က တပ�မ�တ��န�� �အ�အတ���အ�က���ဖစ�ပ����န�ကတ��တ��က�ပ���တ�ဟ� တစ���စ��က���လ�ခ���ပ��ဖစ�က� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�အလယ�ပ��င��က��ထ� က�ယ��ပန��လ��န�ပ�� တ��က�ပ���တ�အတ�င�� ဖမ��ဆ��သတ��ဖတ�ခ��ရတ�� အရပ�သ���တ�လည�� တ��ဖ���ဖ��မင��တက�လ��နပ�တယ�။

အခ�လ��မ���� သ���လ��နရင�� �ပ��က�ဆ�ံ�သ���ခ���ကသ��တ�လည��အမ���အ�ပ��ရ���န�ပ�� တပ�မ�တ��က ဖမ��ဆ��တရ��စ��ဆ��ခံ�နရသ� ၁၅၀ �က���၊ �အ�အဘက�က ဖမ��ဆ��ထ��သ��တ�လည�� အမ���အ�ပ��ရ���န တယ�လ��� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က��တ�အရ သ�ရပ�တယ�။

https://www.bbc.com/burmese/burma-51171856

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RCSS အဖ���က ၎င��တ��� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�ထ���သ� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��မ���က�� တပ�မ�တ��ထံ လ����ပ�င���ပ�အပ�ခ���ပ�� ယခ�လ�ပ�ရပ���က�င�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ����င��RCSS တ���အ�က�� ပ���ပ�င���ဆ�င�ရ�က�မ� ပ��မ��ခ��င�မ��စခ��ဟ�RCSS သတင��ထ�တ��ပန�

Published 19 January 2020 | မင�����င�စ���

ရ�မ���ပည� �ပန�လည�ထ��ထ�င��ရ� �က�င�စ�/ရ�မ���ပည��တ�င�ပ��င�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ��� (RCSS/SSA) က ၎င��တ���အဖ��� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�ထ���သ� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��မ���က�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက�တ�င� တပ�မ�တ��ထံ လ����ပ�င���ပ�အပ�ခ���ပ�� ယခ�လ�ပ�ရပ���က�င�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ����င�� RCSS တ���အ�က�� ပ���ပ�င���ဆ�င�ရ�က�မ� ပ��မ��ခ��င�မ��စခ��သည�ဟ� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက�တ�င� RCSS အဖ���က သတင��ထ�တ��ပန�သည�။

�ပည�နယ�အဆင��၊ �ပည��ထ�င�စ�အဆင�� အပစ�ရပ�သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ���င�� တစ����င�ငံလ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ�ရပ�စ��ရ� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� (NCA) တ���တ�င� သ�ဘ�တ�ထ��သည��အတ��င�� RCSS အ�န�ဖင�� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ�� တ��က�ဖ�က��ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��မ���က�� အစ��တစ��က� တတ����င�သမ� အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ�� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�လ�ခ����က�င�� RCSS ၏ သတင��ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�တ�င� ပ�ရ��သည�။

Page 66 of 73

ထ��သ��� �ဆ�င�ရ�က��နသည�� က�လအတ�င�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၃ ရက�တ�င� �က��က�မ��မ ���နယ�၊ �က��က�မ�-မ��င��လ�ံ က��လမ��မ�ပ� တစ��နရ�၌ RCSS အဖ���ဝင�မ���သည� �မ���တ��ယ���တစ�စ���ပ�ပ� စ�တ��က�ဆ��ပ�� ၇၈၁၄၁ �ပ����င�� ဆပ��ပ�ခ�က��ဖင�� ထည��ထ��သည�� ဘ�န���ဖ� ၁၀ ဒသမ ၂၈ က�လ��ဂရမ�က�� သ�မ��ဆည��ရမ�ခ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

စ�စစ�ခ�က�မ���အရ အဆ��ပ� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��မ���သည� က�တ�ခ��င��မ ���နယ�၊ �က�င��ခ���ဒသမ� သယ��ဆ�င�လ�သည�� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��မ����ဖစ���က�င�� သ�ရသည�ဟ� RCSS ၏ သတင��ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�တ�င� �ဖ���ပထ��သည�။

ထ��သ��� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�ခ��သည�� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��မ�����င�� �မ���တ��ယ���က�� တပ�မ�တ��ထံ တရ��ဝင�လ����ပ�င���ပ�အပ��ခင�� အခမ��အန��က�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၈ ရက�တ�င� �က��က�မ��မ ���၌ �ပ�လ�ပ�ခ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

ယခ�က��သ��� လ����ပ�င���ပ�အပ��ခင��သည� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ�� တ��က�ဖ�က��ရ�အ�ပ� �ပည�သ�လ�ထ�အတ�က� ဦ�တည�၍ RCSS ၏ တ�ဝန�ယ�မ�၊ တ�ဝန�ခံမ�၊ ပ�င��လင���မင�သ�မ�တ���က�� ထင�ဟပ��စ�ပ�� အစ���ရ၊ တပ�မ�တ����င�� RCSS တ���အ�က�� ပ���ပ�င���ဆ�င�ရ�က�မ�က�� ပ��မ��ခ��င�မ��စခ����က�င�� RCSS က သတင�� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ��သည�။

https://news-eleven.com/article/155229

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ဆ�ဆ��င��မ ���နယ�တ�င� �မ���တ��ယ����ပ�၌ သ��ဝ�က�သယ��ဆ�င�လ�သည�� က�ပ�သ�န�� ၉၀၀၀ တန�ဖ���ရ�� ဘ�န�����မ�န��မ��� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�

Published 20 January 2020 | �ပည���ဖ ����အ�င�

ဆ�ဆ��င��မ ���နယ�တ�င� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�သည�� တရ��ခံမ���က�� သက��သခံမ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��မ�����င��အတ��တ��ရစ��

ဆ�ဆ��င��မ ���နယ�တ�င� �မ���တ��ယ����ပ�၌ သ��ဝ�က�သယ��ဆ�င�လ�သည�� က�ပ�သ�န�� ၉၀၀၀ တန�ဖ���ရ�� ဘ�န�����မ�န��မ��� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�ခ�� ��က�င�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၂၀ ရက�က မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ�� တ��ဆ�����မ�နင���ရ�ရ�တပ�ဖ���၏ သတင��ထ�တ� �ပန�ခ�က�အရ သ�ရသည�။

အဆ��ပ��ဖစ�စ��မ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၉ ရက� နံနက� ၅ န�ရ�ခ��တ�င� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��တ��ဆ�����မ� နင���ရ�ရ�တပ�ဖ���မ� တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ���ပ�ဝင��သ� ပ���ပ�င��အဖ���သည� သတင��အရ သက��သမ��� ��င��အတ� ဆ�ဆ��င��မ ���နယ� ဆ��က��ခ�င�- �မ�က� မယ�သ��� က��လမ��တ�င� ဆ��က��ခ�င�ဘက�မ� �မ�က�မယ�ဘက�သ��� ဖယ�ခ�ံ�မ ���နယ� ရ������က�� ရ��အ�ပ�စ� လအ���မ�က��က��ရ���န စ��င���န လင�� (ခ) �မ�င�လ� (၃၈ ��စ�) စ��နင���မ�င����င� လ�သည�� �မ���တ��ယ�����င�� ဖယ�ခ�ံ�မ ���နယ� မ����ဗ��မ ��� ပ��က�န�� (၃) ရပ�က�က��န အန��တ������ (၃၆ ��စ�) စ��နင���မ�င����င�လ�သည�� �မ���တ��ယ���တ���အ�� ရပ�တန��စစ��ဆ�ရ���ဖ�ခ�� ��က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

ရ���ဖ�ရ� အန��တ������ စ��နင���မ�င����င�လ�သည�� �မ���တ��ယ����ပ�တ�င� သ��ဝ�က� သယ��ဆ�င�လ��သ� ဘ�န�����မ�န�� အ�လ�ခ��န� က�လ�� ၉၀ (�ဒသက�လ�ပ�က��စ��တန�ဖ��� က�ပ�သ�န�� ၉၀၀၀) ��င�� လက�က��င�ဖ�န����စ�လ�ံ� တ���အ�� �တ��ရ��သ�မ��ဆည��ရမ�ခ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

၎င��တ���အ��စစ��ဆ�ရ� အက����တ�ပ�� �ပ�င�� သယ��ဆ�င�လ��ခင���ဖစ���က�င�� စစ��ဆ��ပ��ပ�က�သ�ဖင�� ဘန��ယ��နယ���မရ� စခန��တ�င� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ����င�� စ�တ�က����ပ�င��လ��စ�သ��ဆ�ဝ��မ���ဆ��င�ရ�ဥပ�ဒ�ဖင�� အမ� ဖ�င��အ�ရ�ယ��ပ�� က�င��ဆက�မ����ဖ��ထ�တ�စစ� �ဆ�လ�က�ရ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

Page 67 of 73

အလ��တ� ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� မ��င��ပ�����မ ��� နယ�တ�င� စ�တ��က���သ�ပ��ဆ��ပ�� ၈၀၀၀၀ ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�ခ����က�င�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၂၀ ရက� မ��ယစ� �ဆ�ဝ��တ��ဆ�����မ�နင���ရ�ရ�တပ�ဖ���၏ သတင��ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�အရ သ�ရသည�။

ယင���ဖစ�စ��မ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၉ ရက� မ�န�� လ�� ၁၂ န�ရ�ခ��တ�င� မ��င��ပ�����မ ���မရ�စခန��မ� တပ� ဖ���ဝင�မ���ပ�ဝင��သ� ပ���ပ�င��အဖ���သည� မ�� ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��သတင��အရ သက��သမ�����င��အတ� မ��င��ပ�����မ ��� ပ�န��ဆန�ရပ�က�က�ရ�� ---- တည�� ခ��ခန�� အခန��အမ�တ� -- အ�� ဝင��ရ�က�ရ���ဖ� ရ� အခန��အတ�င�� မ��င��ပ�����မ ���နယ�၊ တ�ံတ��မ ���၊ နမ������က��ရ��အ�ပ�စ� ပ�မတ� (၁) �က��ရ���နသ� မ����ဖစ�သည�� ရ�လင��ထ��က� (ခ) အ��တ� (၂၄ ��စ�) ��င�� က�ဖ�� (၁၅ ��စ�) တ���အ�� �တ��ရ��ခ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

အခန��အတ�င��စစ��ဆ�ရ� ဆ�လ�အ�တ� �ဖင��ထ�ပ�ထ���သ� ဂ�ပ�ဘ��ခ�ံအတ�င��မ� ပလတ�စတစ�ကပ�ခ��အ�တ�မ����ဖင��ထည��ထ��သည�� စ�တ��က���သ�ပ��ဆ��ပ�� ၈၀၀၀၀ (�ဒသက� လ�ပ�က��စ�� တန�ဖ����င�က�ပ�သ�န�� ၈၀၀)၊ �မန� မ��င�က�ပ� ၁၁၀၀၀၀၊ လက�က��င�ဖ�န�� ��စ�လ�ံ� ��င�� �မ���တ��ဆ��င�ကယ�တစ�စ��တ���အ�� �တ��ရ�� သ�မ��ဆည��ရမ�ခ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

ယင��သ���ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ���င��ပတ�သက�၍ မ��င��ပ�����မ ���မရ�စခန��တ�င� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ����င�� စ�တ� က����ပ�င��လ��စ�သ� �ဆ�ဝ��မ���ဆ��င�ရ� ဥပ�ဒ�ဖင�� အမ�ဖ�င��အ�ရ�ယ��ပ�� က�င��ဆက� မ��� �ဖ��ထ�တ�စစ��ဆ�လ�က�ရ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

ထ����ပင� �ဖ�င���ပင��မ ���နယ�တ�င� ဘ�န��စ�မ�� မ�����င�� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ�� ၂၀၀၀ ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�ခ�� ��က�င�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၂၀ ရက�က မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ�� တ��ဆ�����မ�နင���ရ�ရ�တပ�ဖ���၏ သတင��ထ�တ� �ပန�ခ�က�အရ သ�ရသည�။

အဆ��ပ��ဖစ�စ��မ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၉ ရက� ၉ န�ရ�ခ��ခန��တ�င� မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��တ��ဆ�����မ�နင�� �ရ�ရ�တပ�ဖ���မ� တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ���သည� သတင�� အရ သက��သမ�����င��အတ� �ဖ�င���ပင��မ ���နယ� ဗ��ဟ�လမ��မ�က��မ� မ��င���ခ��င���က��ရ��သ��� �တ�လမ��တ�င� ဗ��ဟ�လမ��မ�က��ဘက�မ� မ��င�� �ခ��င���က��ရ��ဘက�သ��� ဗန���မ�က��မ ���နယ� မ��သ���က��ရ��အ�ပ�စ� လယ�ပဒ�ံ��က��ရ���န စံမင��ထ�န�� (၂၆ ��စ�) စ��နင���မ�င����င�လ�သည�� �မ���တ��ဆ��င�ကယ���င�� မ��သ���က��ရ��အ�ပ�စ� က�စ�က�ဖ��က��ရ���န ဝင�����င� (၃၇ ��စ� )စ��နင���မ�င����င�လ�သည�� �မ���တ��ဆ��င�ကယ�တ���အ�� ရပ�တန��စစ��ဆ�ရ���ဖ�ရ� စံမင�� ထ�န���မ�င����င�လ�သည�� ဆ��င�ကယ�ခ��က�� တ�င�တင��ဆ�င�လ��သ� ပလတ�စတစ��ခင�� အတ�င��မ� ဘ�န��စ�မ�� အ�လ�ခ��န�ဂရမ� ၄၈၀၀ (�ဒသက�လ�ပ�က��စ��တန�ဖ��� က�ပ� ၉၆ သ�န��)၊ ပလတ�စတစ�ကပ�ခ��အ�တ�မ����ဖင��ထည��ထ�� သည�� စ�တ��က���သ�ပ��ဆ��ပ�� ၂၀၀၀ (�ဒသ က�လ�ပ�က��စ��တန�ဖ���က�ပ�သ�န�� ၁၀၀) ��င�� လက�က��င�ဖ�န����စ�လ�ံ�တ���အ�� �တ��ရ��သ�မ��ဆည�� ရမ�ခ����က�င�� သ�ရ�ပ�� အမ�ဖ�င�� အ�ရ�ယ�ထ�� ��က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

https://news-eleven.com/article/155412

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ခ�င��မ��င�တ�င� စ�တ��က�မ�တဆင�� ပ����ဆ�င�မည�� စ�တ��က�ဆ� ၂ သ�န��ခန�� ဖမ��မ�

By DVB | 20 January 2020

nationtv.tv

ထ��င����မ�က�ပ��င�� ခ�င��မ��င�ခ���င� ဖ�န��မ ���မ�� စ�တ��က�က�နတဆင�� ထ��င���တ�င�ပ��င��ဘက�က�� ပ����ဆ�င�မယ�� စ�တ��က�ဆ��ပ�� ၂ သ�န��န��ပ��က�� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�တယ�လ��� အမ�တ� ၅ တ��င���ဒသ ရ�ဌ�နခ��ပ�က ဒ�က�န� သတင��စ�ရ�င��ပ��မ�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 68 of 73

မ��ယစ�က�န�သယ��တ�ဟ� ဆက�သ�ယ��ရ�စ�တ��က�က�� အသ�ံ��ပ��ပ���တ�� မ��ယစ��ဆ��တ� ပ����ဆ�င���က�င�� သတင��ရတ��အတ�က� ဖ�န��မ ���နယ� ဝ�န��ရပ�က�က�ထ�ရ�� စ�တ��က�က�� စ�တ��က�မ�� ခ�င���ပ�ခ�က�န�� �ပ��ခ��တ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၇ ရက��န�က ဝင��ရ�က�စစ��ဆ�ခ����က�င��၊ အ�ဒ�မ�� ထ��င���တ�င�ပ��င�� ဆ�န�ခလ�ခ���င�က�� လ�ပ�မ�ထ��တ�� ပ�ဆယ�ထ�ပ� ၄ ထ�ပ�ထ�က�န စ�တ��က�ဆ� စ�စ��ပ�င��အလ�ံ��ရ ၁ သ�န�� ၈ �သ�င��က�� ဖမ��ဆ��ရမ�တ�လ��� အမ�တ� ၅ တ��င���ဒသ ရ�တပ�ဖ���မ� ရ�မ���က�� ဝ�ရခ�န�� ဘ�န��ထဝ�က သတင��စ�ရ�င��လင��ပ��မ�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

မ��ယစ�က�န�က��သ��တ�ဟ� အဆ��ပ� စ�တ��က�ဆ��တ�က�� အစည���ပ�င�� ၉၀ စည��လ�ပ��ပ�� ဆယ�လ��တ�ပ��ပ���တ�န�� �သခ��ပ�တ�ထ����က�င��၊ �ပ�ပ���သ�အမည�မ�� ဖ�န��မ ���နယ� မယ��ဆ�န�အ�ပ�စ� နယ���မ ၁၆ မ�� �နထ��င�သ� ���င��ဖ��မ��ဒ�န�� ဘ�တ�ဆ��င�လမ� ဆ��သ� �ဖစ�တ���က�င�� သ��ရ���နအ�မ�က�� သ����ရ�က�စစ��ဆ�ရ�မ�� ဗ����အံဆ��ထ�က�န �န�က�ထပ�စ�တ��က�ဆ��ပ�� ၁၇၀၊ သ�န�� ဆက�စပ��နတ�� ���င��အဒ�ဆ�န� ခ�န��မ��င��ရ�� အ�မ�ထ�မ�� စ�တ��က�ဆ��ပ�� ၁၉၄ �ပ��တ���က�� စစ��ဆ��တ��ရ��တယ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

ဆက�လက��ပ�� မ��ယစ��ဆ� က�န�သည�မ� �င�လ���ပ��သ� ဘဏ�စ�အ�ပ�ပ��င�ရ�င� အမ����သမ�� ၂ �ယ�က�န�� စ�တ��က�ဆ�သ�ံ�စ����က�င��က��ပ� �တ��ရ��လ��� ဒ�အမ�မ�� စ�စ��ပ�င�� တရ��ခံ ၄ ဦ�က�� ဖမ��ဆ��ထ��တယ�လ��� ရ�မ���က��က ဆက���ပ�ပ�တယ�။

တရ��ခံ�တ�က အဆ��ပ�စ�တ��က�ဆ��ပ���တ�ဟ� အ�မ�န��ခ�င�� �မန�မ����င�ငံဘက�က�န ဝင�လ�တ��ဖစ��ပ�� စ�တ��က�က�န ခ���ပ����နတ� အခ�တ�ခ�က�န��ဆ�� ၃ �က�မ�ရ���ပ�လ��� ဝန�ခံထ��ပ�တယ�။

ပ�ဆယ�ထ�ပ� လ�ပ�မ�ထ��တ�က�တ�� ထ��င���တ�င�ပ��င�� ဆ�န�ခလ�ခ���င� ဆ�န�ခလ��မ ����န ���င��ထဝပ�ခ���င��န�� ���င��ထန�ဝပ� ဆ��သ�တ����ဖစ��ပ�� သ�တ��� ၂ ဦ�က���ရ� �န�က�က�ယ�က �က ���က��င�သ��တ�ပ� �ဖ��ထ�တ�ဖမ��ဆ��သ���မယ�လ��� ရ�မ���က��က ��ပ�သ���ပ�တယ�။

က���က�� – ခ�င��မ��င�နယ��စ� / သ�နရ�င��

http://burmese.dvb.no/archives/367538

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ICOE �န�က�ဆ�ံ� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�တ�င� လ�မ����တ�န�� သတ��ဖတ�မ� မခ��င�လ�ံ��က�င�� ပ�ရ��

By ထက��ခ�င�လင�� | 20 January 2020

ICOE အစ�ရင�ခံစ�က�� သမ�တ ဦ�ဝင���မင��ထံ �ပ�အပ��နစ�� / ဧရ�ဝတ�

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�အ�ရ� ဆ��င�ရ� �မန�မ�အစ���ရက ဖ���စည��ထ��သည�� လ�တ�လပ��သ� စ�ံစမ��စစ��ဆ��ရ� �က��မရ�င� (ICOE) ၏ �န�က�ဆ�ံ� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�တ�င� ���င�ငံတက�က စ�ပ�စ���နသည�� လ�မ����တ�န�� သတ��ဖတ�မ�မ��� ရ��သည� ဆ���ခင����င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� ခ��င�လ�ံ�သ� အ�ထ�က�အထ�� မ�တ��ရ��ရဟ� ပ�ရ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

ယင�� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�က�� ���င�ငံ�တ�� သမ�တ ဦ�ဝင���မင����င�� ���င�ငံ�တ�� အတ��င�ပင�ခံ �ဒ��အ�င�ဆန��စ��ကည�တ��� ထံသ��� �က��မရ�င�က ယ�န� �ပ�အပ�လ��က�သည�။

အစ�ရင�ခံစ�တ�င� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� ��မ�က�ပ��င��၌ ဆ���ရ����သ� လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ� ခ�����ဖ�က�မ�မ���၊ စစ�ရ�ဇဝတ�မ�မ�����င�� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ� တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ���က အင�အ��အလ�န�အက�ံ သ�ံ�စ��ခ��သည�ဆ���သ� အခ�က�က�� မ�ငင��ဆန��သ��လည�� ရခ��င�အ�ရ� တ�င� ���င�ငံတက�က စ�ပ�စ���နသည�� လ�မ����တ�န�� သတ��ဖတ�မ�မ��� ရ��သည�

Page 69 of 73

ဆ���ခင����င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� ��မ�ပင� �လ�လ� �တ��ရ��ခ�က�မ���အရ �က�က�ခ�က�ခ����င�သည�� အခ�က�အလက� မ�တ��ရ��ခ��ရဟ� အဆ��ပ� �က��မရ�င�၏ သတင�� ထ�တ��ပန� ခ�က�တ�င� �ဖ���ပထ��သည�။

အစ�ရင�ခံစ�တ�င� ရခ��င� ��မ�က�ပ��င��၌ ရခ��င�-���ဟင�ဂ�� ကယ�တင��ရ�တပ� (ARSA) က စတင� တ��က�ခ��က�သည�� ၂ဝ၁၇ ခ���စ� �သဂ�တ�လ ၂၅ ရက��န�မ� စက�တင�ဘ� ၅ ရက��န�အတ�င�� စစ�ရ�ဇဝတ�မ�မ���၊ လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ� ခ�����ဖ�က�မ�မ�����င�� �ပည�တ�င��ဥပ�ဒ ခ�����ဖ�က�မ�မ��� �ဖစ�ပ���ခ����က�င��၊ ထ�� က���လ�န�မ�မ���တ�င� �မန�မ��လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ� တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ��� ပ�ဝင�ရန� ယ�ံ�ကည��လ�က�သည�� အ��က�င��မ��� ရ����က�င��လည�� အဆ��ပ� ICOE ၏ သတင��ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�တ�င� ပ�ရ��သည�။

ARSA က ၂၀၁၇ ခ���စ� �သဂ�တ�လ ၂၅ ရက�တ�င� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� ��မ�က�ပ��င�� ဘဂ�လ���ဒ�ရ� နယ�စပ�ရ�� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ� ရ�တပ�ဖ��� စခန���ပ�င�� ၃၀ ��င�� တပ�မ�တ�� တပ�ရင�� ဌ�နခ��ပ� တခ�တ���က�� တ��က�ခ��က�ခ���ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

ARSA အဖ���၏ ကနဦ� တ��က�ခ��က�မ�သည� �မန�မ��လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ� တပ�ဖ���မ���၏ တ�ံ��ပန�မ�က�� �ဖစ��ပ��စခ���ပ�� ရ��သ�� မ���အ�� သတ��ဖတ��ခင��၊ ၎င��တ���၏ �နအ�မ�မ���အ�� ဖ�က�ဆ���ခင��တ���က�� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ� တပ�ဖ���ဝင�တခ����က အင�အ�� အလ�န�အက�ံ အသ�ံ��ပ� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�ခ��သည� ဆ���သ��လည�� ထ��သတ��ဖတ�မ�မ�����င�� �နရပ� စ�န��ခ���စ�သ� လ�ပ�ရပ�မ���အ�� မ�တ�စလင� အသ��င��အဝ��င����င�� အ�ခ�� လ�မ� အသ��င��အဝ��င��တ���က�� ရည�ရ�ယ�ခ�က�ရ��ရ���ဖင�� က���လ�န���က�င�� �ပသသည�� အ�ထ�က� အထ�� မ�တ��ရဟ�လည�� ဆ��သည�။

ထ��က��သ��� �ပ�လ�ပ�ခ��သည�ဆ���သ� �က�က�ခ�က�ခ����င�သည�� အ�ထ�က�အထ��မ�����င�� ပတ�သက�၍ ICOE အဖ���၏ ��မ�ပင� အခ�က�အလက� အ�ထ�က�အထ��မ��� ရ���ဖ� အတည��ပ��ရ� အဖ��� (ECVT) က �ပ�ပ��� သည�� အခ�က� အလက� မ���တ�င�လည�� �ဖ���ပမ�မ��� မရ��ခ��ဟ� သတင�� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�တ�င� ပ�ရ��သည�။

ယ�န� �ပ�အပ�လ��က�သည�� ICOE အဖ���၏ အစ�ရင�ခံစ� �ပ�စ��ရ���င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� အဖ��� ဖ���စည��စ��က ဥက�� အ�ဖစ� ဖ�လစ�ပ��င����င�ငံ ဒ�တ�ယ ���င�ငံ�ခ���ရ� ဝန��က���ဟ�င����င�� က�လသမဂ� အမ����သမ��မ�����င�� က�လ�သ�ငယ�၊ မ�န��က�လ� ငယ�မ��� အ�ရ�က�� အဓ�က ဦ�တည��ဆ�င�ရ�က� �ပ�သည�� CEDAW �က��မတ�၏ ဥက���ဟ�င���ဖစ�သ� သံအမတ� ���ဆ�ရ�ယ�� မယ�န�လ��၊ လ�သ��ခ�င�� စ�န��ထ�က�ထ��မ�က�စ�ရပ�မ��� ဆ��င�ရ� က�လသမဂ� ဒ�တ�ယ အတ�င���ရ�မ��ခ��ပ� ��င�� အ�ရ��ပ� ကယ�ဆယ��ရ� ည����င���ရ�မ���ဟ�င���ဖစ�သ� ဂ�ပန����င�ငံဆ��င�ရ� သံအမတ��က���ဟ�င�� ကင�ဇ��အ��ရ���မ�� တ��� လည�� အဖ���ဝင�အ�ဖစ� ပ�ဝင�သည�။

ထ����ပင� �မန�မ����င�ငံဘက�က ���င�ငံ�တ�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ ဆ��င�ရ� ခ�ံ��ံ� ဥက���ဟ�င�� ဦ��မသ�န����င�� ပ��မ�က� �ဒ�က�တ� �အ�င�ထ�န��သက� တ���လည�� ပ�ဝင�သည�။

အစ�ရင�ခံစ���င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� �မ��မန��ရန� အဆ��ပ� �က��မရ�င�တ�င� ပ�ဝင�သည�� ပ��မ�က� �ဒ�က�တ� �အ�င�ထ�န��သက� ဆ�သ��� တယ�လ�ဖ�န���ဖင�� ဆက�သ�ယ�ရ� ဖ�န��လက�ခံ��ဖ�က���ခင�� မရ���ပ။

�က��မရ�င�၏ အစ�ရင�ခံစ�အရ အရ��တရ��က�� ခ��ပခ���ခင�� �ဖစ���က�င��၊ မ�န�ကန��သ� လမ����က�င���ဖစ�သည�� �ပစ�မ� က���လ�န�ခ��သည�က�� ဝန�ခံခ���ခင���ဖစ�သည�ဟ� သ�ံ�သပ���က�င�� ၂ဝ၁၇ ခ���စ�တ�င� ဖ���စည��ခ��သည�� က�လသမဂ� အတ�င���ရ� မ�� ခ��ပ��ဟ�င�� က��ဖ�အ�နန� ဦ��ဆ�င�သည�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�ဆ��င�ရ� အ�ကံ�ပ�အဖ���တ�င� အဖ���ဝင� တဦ��ဖစ�ခ���သ� မ�တ�စလင� တဦ��ဖစ�သ� ဟ�ဂ�� ဦ��အ�လ�င�က ��ပ�သည�။

ICOE အစ�ရင�ခံစ�က�� ���င�ငံ�တ��၏ အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ� �ဒ��အ�င�ဆန��စ��ကည�ထံ �ပ�အပ��နစ�� (ဓ�တ�ပ�ံ – ဧရ�ဝတ�)

ဦ��အ�လ�င�က “�ပစ�မ��ဖစ�ခ��တယ�ဆ��တ� ဝန�ခံ�ပ��သ����ပ��လ။ အ��ဒ� �ပစ�မ� က���လ�န�သ��တ�က�� အ�ရ�ယ�ရ�တ��မ���ပ��။ သ�တ���က ရည�ရ�ယ�ခ�က�ရ��ရ��၊ မရ��ရ�� ဘယ�လ���ပစ�မ�က���လ�န�ခ��ပ��စ၊ ထ��က�သင��တ�� �ပစ�ဒဏ��တ�က���တ�� လ�ပ�ရ�တ��မ�� �ပ��။ အရင� က��န��တ��� အဖ���က အ�ကံ�ပ���ံပ�။ ဒ�အဖ���က�တ��

Page 70 of 73

အရင�ကထက�စ�ရင� သ�လ�တယ�လ��� ယ�ဆရမယ�” ဟ� ��ပ�ဆ��သည�။

ICOE အ�န�ဖင�� အစ�ရင�ခံစ� အခ�က�အလက�မ��� ရရ���ရ�အတ�က� ထ�ခ��က�ခ���သ� လ�မ�အသ��င��အဝ��င��၊ မ�က��မင� သက��သမ���၊ သက�ဆ��င�ရ� အ�ဏ�ပ��င�မ���၏ ��ပ�ဆ��ခ�က�မ���က�� အ�လ�ထ���ပ�� ��မ�ပင� အခ�က�အလက� အ�ထ�က�အထ�� ရ���ဖ��ရ� အဖ���ဝင�မ���က�� ရန�က�န�၊ �န�ပည��တ����င�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�မ���သ��� �စလ�တ�၍ �ဆ�င�ရ�က� မ�မ��� �ပ�လ�ပ���က�င��၊ မ�တ�စလင� အသ��င��အဝ��င��၊ ရခ��င�၊ �မ ��၊ ဒ��င��နက�၊ တပ�မ�တ��သ��မ���၊ ရ�တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ��� အပ�အဝင� မ�က��မင�သက��သ ၁၅ဝဝ ခန��က�� �တ��ဆ�ံ� �မ��မန��ခ����က�င�� သတင�� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�တ�င� �ဖ���ပထ��သည�။

အစ�ရင�ခံစ���င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� �မန�မ� အစ���ရကလည�� အ�ပည��အဝ ပ���ပ�င�� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�မ� ရ����က�င�� ဆ��သည�။

သ���ရ�တ�င� အဆ��ပ� စ�မ�က���� ၄ဝဝ �က���ရ��သည�� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�သည� အမ����ပည�သ�မ���အ�ပင� ���င�ငံတက�ကပ� စ�တ�ဝင�စ�� �န�ကသည�� အစ�ရင�ခံစ� �ဖစ�သည��အတ�က� ���င�ငံ�တ��အ�န�ဖင�� အမ����ပည�သ� သ�ရ���စ�ရ� အတ�က� နည��လမ��တမ����မ�����ဖင�� ထ�တ��ပန��ပ�သင��သည�ဟ� ���င�ငံ�ရ� အက����သ��မ��� က�ည��စ�င���ရ��က��ရ� အသင�� (AAPP) တ��ဖက� အတ�င���ရ�မ�� ဦ�ဘ���ကည�က ��ပ�သည�။

ဦ�ဘ���ကည�က “ဒ� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�က ���င�ငံတက� တရ����ံ� ICJ မ�� �မန�မ����င�ငံက�� တရ��စ��ထ��တ�� က�စ�အ�ပ� အက�န�လ�ံ� သက��ရ�က�ခ�င�မ� သက��ရ�က�မယ�။ ဒ��ပမယ�� ���င�ငံတက� အလယ�မ�� �မန�မ����င�ငံ အ�ပ� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�က ဘဂ��လ� အ�ရ�န�� ပတ�သက��ပ���တ�� ထင��မင�ယ�ဆ�နတ�� အခ�က��တ�အ�ပ��တ�� သက��ရ�က�မယ� ထင�တယ�။ အ��ဒ���က�င�� က��န��တ��� �ပည�သ��တ��ရ�၊ ���င�ငံတက�က လ��တ��ရ� သ��အ�င� အဂ�လ�ပ� ဘ�သ�န���ရ�၊ �မန�မ� ဘ�သ�န���ရ� ထ�တ��ပန��ပ�သင��တယ�လ��� ယ�ဆတယ�” ဟ� ဆ��သည�။

ထ����ပင� ၎င�� က “အစ���ရဆ�မ�� �ရ��ဆက�လ�ပ�ရမယ�� အပ��င�� ရ��ခ�င�ရ��ပ�လ�မ��မယ�။ ဒ�က တပ��င��ပ�။ ဒ��ပမယ�� �ပည�သ�လ�ထ� အ�နန�� ဒ�အခ�က��တ�က�� သ�သင��တယ�လ��� ယ�ဆတယ�။ အခ�က ဒ��က��မရ�င�က ဘ��တ� �တ��ရ��ခ��တယ�၊ ဘယ�လ��လ�ပ�ခ�� တယ� ဆ��တ� အစ�ရင�ခံစ� အ�ပည��အစ�ံက�� က��န��တ��� မသ�ရ�တ�� က��န��တ���မ�� ဘ�လ�ဆ��တ� �ဝဖန� သ�ံ�သပ�ရ ခက� ပ�တယ�” ဟ� ဆက�လက� ��ပ�ဆ��သည�။

https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2020/01/20/213

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ICOE ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က� HRW �ဝဖန�တ�ံ��ပန�

20 ဇန�နဝ�ရ�၊ 2020 | သ����န��ဦ�

ရခ��င���မ�က�ပ��င��က ���ဟင�ဂ��အ�ရ�န��ပတ�သက�လ��� အစ���ရကဖ���တ�� ICEO လ�တ�လပ�တ��စ�ံစမ���ရ��က��မရ�င�ရ�� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�ဟ� ���င�ငံတက�မ�� အ�ပ�က�င���အ�င�န��၊ လ�မယ�� ICJ တရ��ခ�င�အတ�က� �ပင�ဆင�မ�သ��ဖစ�တယ�လ��� HRW လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ��စ�င���ကည��မ�အဖ���က �ဝဖန�တ�ံ��ပန�ပ�တယ�။ �က��မရ�င�အ�နန�� လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�ခ�����ဖ�က�မ� �ဖစ�ရပ��က��က�� �ဖ����ပ�ဖ��� �က ���စ��ထ��သလ��၊ �က��မရ�င�စ�ံစမ��မ�ဟ� ပ�င��လင���မင�သ�မ�မရ��ဘ��လ���လည�� �ထ�က��ပပ�တယ�။ HRW ရ�� တ�ံ��ပန�ခ�က�က�� က��သ����န��ဦ� ��ပ��ပမ��ပ�။

ICJ န�်�င�ငံတက�တရ����ံ�က�န �မန�မ�-ဂမ�ဘ�ယ�အမ�မ�� �က���ဖတ�အ�ရ��ပ�စ�မံမ� ထ��သင��မသင�� ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�ခ�က�ခ�ဖ��� သ�ံ�ရက�အလ��မ�� အခ�လ�� ဒ��က��မရ�င�ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�ထ�က�လ�တ� အ�တ���လ� ကသ�က�အ�င�� ���င�စရ�ပ�လ��� HRW လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ��စ�င���ကည��မ�အဖ��� အ�ရ��ရ�ရ� ဒ�တ�ယ��န��က���ရ�မ�� Phil Robertson က ဗ��အ���အက�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 71 of 73

“ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�အတ�င�� လ�မ����တ�ံ�သတ��ဖတ��တ� ရပ�တန���စဖ���အတ�က� ICJ က�န �က���ဖတ�အ�ရ��ပ�စ�မံမ� ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�ခ�က� ထ�တ�တ��အခ�မ�� အစ���ရအ�နန�� ဒ�က�� က��င��ပ�� ��ပ�ဆ��စရ�ရ�အ�င� လ�ပ�လ��က�တ�� ���င�ငံ�ရ�အရ ရည�ရ�ယ��ဆ�င�ရ�က�ခ�က��ဖစ�တယ�ဆ��တ� ရ�င��ပ�တယ�။”

�က��မရ�င�အ�နန�� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�က�� သမ�တန�� ���င�ငံ�တ��အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ��လ�တ���က�� ဒ�က�န� �ပ�အပ�ခ��တယ�လ��� ထ�တ��ပန��ပမယ��၊ အစ�ရင�ခံစ�အ�ပည��အစ�ံက���တ�� အမ����ပည�သ�က�� ထ�တ��ပန�ထ��တ� မ�တ��ရပ�ဘ��။ အ�ဒ� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�ရ�� အ��စ�ခ��ပ�က��ပ� သတင��ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�သ�ဘ��ရ�ထ��ပ�တယ�။ ဒ� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က�ထ�မ���တ�� �က��မရ�င�ရ�� �တ��ရ��ခ�က��တ�ထ�မ�� ���င�ငံတက�က ��ပ��နသလ�� ���ဟင�ဂ���တ�က�� မ�����ဖ�တ�သတ��ဖတ�ဖ��� ရည�မ�န��လ�ပ��ဆ�င�တ�မ���� မ�တ��ရပ�၊ စစ�ရ�ဇဝတ�မ�န�� အ�ခ��လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�ခ�����ဖ�က�မ��တ�က�� ခ�����ဖ�က�ထ��တယ�ဆ��တ�ပ� �တ��ရတယ�လ��� �ရ�ထ��ပ�တယ�။

ဒ�ဟ� နယ���မရ�င��လင��မ�စစ�ဆင��ရ�လ�ပ�ခ��တ�� တပ�မ�တ��အစ�� အ�ဒ�က စစ�သည�တဦ�ခ�င��က�� အ�ပစ�ဖ���ဖ��� လ�ပ�လ��တ�� သ�ဘ��ဆ�င�တယ�လ��� Phil Robertson က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“ICEO အ�နန�� လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�ခ�����ဖ�က�မ�အခ�����တ���ဖစ�ခ��တယ�ဆ��တ��လ�က�ပ� �ထ�က��ပ ��ပ�ခ�င�တ�� သ�ဘ�ရ��ပ�တယ�။ ဒ��ပမယ�� တကယ�တမ��က��တ�� အရပ�သ���တ�က��ပ� ထ�ခ��က��စတ��ထ�ခ��က��စတ�� နယ���မရ�င��လင��စစ�ဆင��ရ�က�� အ�သအခ��စ�မံလ�ပ��ဆ�င�ခ��သလ��ဆ��တ�က�� စ�ံစမ��စစ��ဆ�တ�မ���� လ�ပ�ထ��တ� မ�တ��ရပ�ဘ��။ ��စ�လအတ�င��မ��ပ� ဒ� စစ�ဆင��ရ���က�င�� လ� ခ���စ�သ�န���က��� တ��င���ပည�က�န ထ�က���ပ�သ���ရတ�ပ�။ ဒ�က အ�သအခ�� စ�မံလ�ပ��ဆ�င�တယ�ဆ��တ� ရ�င���နတ�ပ�။ က��န��ထင�တယ� ICEO အ�နန�� အခ�က�အလက��တ�က��အ��ခခံ�ပ�� �ဖစ�ပ�က�ခ��တ��တ�က�� �ဖ��ထ�တ�ဖ���အစ��၊ ဘ��တ��ဖစ�လ� သ�တ��� ထင�တ��လ�က�န�� �ဖစ�ရပ��က��က�� �ဖ����ပ�ဖ��� �က ���စ��တ�ပ�ပ�။ ”

ဒ���က�င��လည�� ဒ� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�အ�ပည��အစ�ံက�� အဂ�လ�ပ�လ���ရ� �မန�မ�လ��ပ� ထ�တ��ပန��ပ�ဖ���လ��တယ�လ��� သ�က �တ�င��ဆ��ပ�တယ�။ တဘက�မ���တ�� အခ� အစ�ရင�ခံစ�မ���တ��ထ��တ�� လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ� ခ�����ဖ�က�မ��တ�န��ပတ�သက�လ��� ဘယ�လ�� ဆက�အ�ရ�ယ�မလ�ဆ��တ�လည�� မရ�င��ဘ��လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။ �ဖစ��ပ��ခ��တ�� လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�ခ�����ဖ�က�မ��တ�က�� �ပည�တ�င��ဥပ�ဒန�� တပ�မ�တ��တရ���ရ�လမ����က�င���တ�အရ က��င�တ�ယ�မယ�လ��� ICJ မ��တ�န��က �မန�မ�ဘက�က ��ပ�ခ��ဖ��တ�ရ���ပမယ��၊ တကယ�တမ�� �မန�မ��ပည�တ�င��တရ���ရ�စနစ� ဘယ��လ�က�အထ� ယ�ံ�ကည�ရမလ� သ�က �မ�ခ�န���ပန�ထ�တ�ပ�တယ�။ ရခ��င���မ�က�ပ��င��အင��ဒင�အမ�က���ကည��ရင�ပ� ���ဟင�ဂ�� ၁၀ ဦ�က�� သတ�ခ��တ�� စစ�သ���တ�ဟ�၊ ဒ�သတင���ဖ��ထ�တ�တ�� သတင���ထ�က���စ�ဦ��လ�က��တ�င� �ထ�င�ထ� မ�နခ��ရဘ��လ��� �ထ�က��ပပ�တယ�။

���ဟင�ဂ��အသ�ံ�အ��ံ�က�� လက�မခံတ�� �မန�မ�အစ���ရက�တ�� ဒ� �က��မရ�င�ဟ� အစ���ရက ဖ���တယ�ဆ���ပမယ�� သ���ခ��လ�တ�လပ�တ�� �က��မရ�င��ဖစ�တယ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။ ဒ��ပမယ��လည�� ဒ��က��မရ�င�ရ�� သ���ခ��လ�တ�လပ�မ�ဆ��တ�က�� သံသယ�ဖစ�တယ�လ��� Phil Robertson က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“ ဒ��က��မရ�င�က တကယ�ပ� လ�တ�လပ�တ���က��မရ�င�ဟ�တ�ရ��လ��ဆ��တ� �ပဿန�ရ��ပ�တယ�။ �က��မရ�င�မ��ပ�တ�� �မန�မ�လ�မ���� �က��မရ�င�အဖ���ဝင��တ�ဆ��တ� အစ���ရန�� အ�တ���လ�န��စပ�သ��ဖစ�သလ��၊ အစ���ရရ�� ရခ��င�အ�ရ��ဆ�င�ရ�က��နတ�� UEHRD န��လည�� ပတ�သက�မ�ရ��ပ�တယ�။ ���င�ငံတက�က �က��မရ�င�အဖ���ဝင�ဆ��တ�� အထ��သ�ဖင�� ဥက�ဌ Rosario Manalo ဆ��ရင�လည�� အစပ��င��မ��ကလည��က အ�ရ�ယ�မ��ဖစ�လ��အ�င� သ�တ���လ�ပ�မ��မဟ�တ�ဘ��လ��� ��ပ�ထ��သ�ပ�။ ဒ���က�င�� �က��မရ�င�က အ�တ���လ� အ��နည��ပ�တယ�။ �န�က��ပ�� ပ�င��လင���မင�သ�မ�မရ��ပ�ဘ��။ အစ�ရင�ခံစ�က�� ဘယ�လ�� �ပ�စ� �ရ�သ��သလ� ဘယ�လ�� အခ�က�အလက� စ��ဆ�င��သလ� ထ�တ��ပန�တ�မလ�ပ�ပ�ဘ��။”

ရခ��ုင���မ�က�ပ��င��မ�� ၂၀၁၇ ခ���စ�က �ဖစ�ခ��တ�� အ�ကမ��ဖက�မ��တ�မ�� ���ဟင�ဂ���တ�အ�ပ� လ�မ����တ�ံ�သတ��ဖတ�ဖ��� ရည�မ�န��လ�ပ��ဆ�င�တယ�ဆ���ပ�� ���င�ငံတက�မ�� စ�ပ�စ��ခံ�နရတ�ပ�။ ဒ��အ�ပင� �မန�မ����င�ငံတ�င��မ�� က�န��န�သ�တ�� ���ဟင�ဂ���တ�အ�ပ�မ��လည�� �န�က�ထပ� လ�မ����တ�န��သတ��ဖတ�မ�လ�ပ�ခံရမယ�� စ���ရ�မ�စရ� အ��ခအ�နရ��တယ�ဆ���ပ�� ���င�ငံတက�လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�အဖ����တ�က စ���ရ�မ��န�ကပ�တယ�။ �မန�မ�အစ���ရဘက�က�တ�� ဒ� စ�ပ�စ��ခ�က�က�� Page 72 of 73

�ငင��ပယ�သလ�� ���ဟင�ဂ��ဆ��တ�� အသ�ံ�အ��ံ�က��လည�� လက�မခံပ�ဘ��။ ဒ��ပမယ�� ဒ�အ�ဖစ�အပ�က��တ�အ�ပ� သ���ခ��လ�တ�လပ�တ��စ�ံစမ��မ��တ�လ�ပ��ပ�� အ�ရ�ယ�သ���မယ�လ����တ�� ���င�ငံတက�က�� ကတ��ပ�ထ��ပ�တယ�။ https://burmese.voanews.com/a/icoe-hrw-react-/5252655.html

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