Here Is No Peace for Our Director, ACN Community
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2 N3645r L2/09-187R
JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3645R L2/09-187R 2009-07-28 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal for encoding the Chakma script in the UCS Source: UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project) Authors: Michael Everson and Martin Hosken Status: Liaison Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2009-07-28 Replaces: N3428 1. Introduction. The Chakma people were in origin Tibeto-Burman, related to the Burmese. The language which they now speak is Indo-European, part of the Southeastern Bengali branch of Eastern Indo-Aryan. Its better-known closest relatives are Bengali, Assamese, Chittagonian, Bishnupriya, and Sylheti. It is spoken by 312,000 people in southeast Bangladesh near Chittagong City, and another 176,000 in India in Mizoram, Assam, Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh. Literacy in Chakma script is low. The script itself is also called Ajhā pāṭh, sometimes romanized Ojhopath. There is a certain amount of glyph variation between the script as used in India and Bangladesh. Some fonts are rounder, similar to the style used in Myanmar; compare a similar variation in the Tai Tham script as used in Khün Tai. The glyphs used in this proposal are based on the Chadigang font, with some alterations toward more “generic” shapes for some characters. The Chakma script is currently being adapted for use in Tanchangya, a language which is closely related to Chakma. An effort to develop the orthography is currently underway, and it appears that there may be additional letters, vowel signs, and tone marks added to cover this script. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar Asia Report N°312 | 28 August 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Legacy of Division ......................................................................................................... 4 A. Who Lives in Myanmar? ............................................................................................ 4 B. Those Who Belong and Those Who Don’t ................................................................. 5 C. Contemporary Ramifications..................................................................................... 7 III. Liberalisation and Ethno-nationalism ............................................................................. 9 IV. The Militarisation of Ethnicity ......................................................................................... 13 A. The Rise and Fall of the Kaungkha Militia ................................................................ 14 B. The Shanni: A New Ethnic Armed Group ................................................................. 18 C. An Uncertain Fate for Upland People in Rakhine -
Report, Part-I, Vol-XII, Burma
CENSUS OF INDIA, 1901. VOLUME XII. BURMA. PART I. REPORT. BY C. C. LOWIS, OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE, SUPERINTENDENT, CENSUS OPERATIONS. RANGOON: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 19 02 • PREFACE. I FIND it impossible to place adequatelY on record my acknow ledgments to those who have laboured with me in the preparation of this Report. To review the proofs as a connected whole is to realize, to an overwhelming degree, how much I am beholden to others and to take the measure of my indebtedness is to be seized with an uneasy sense of the hopelessness of attempting to compound, even. to the scC!-n tiest extent, with all of my many creditors. I must leave it to the pages of the Report itself to bear grateful testimony to my obli gations. A glance at the language chapter will tell how shadowy a production it would have been wIthout the benefit 9f Dr. Grierson's erudition. Every paragraph of the caste, tribe and race chapter will show with how lavish .a hand I have drawn upon Sir George Scott for my material. I would, however, take this opportunity of specially thanking Dr. Cushing and Mr. Taw Sein Kho, who have responded more than generously to my appeals for assistance and advice. '1 he greater part of the Report has been shown to Mr. Eales, and it is to his ripe experience that I am indebted for hints which have led me to alter portions. To Mr. Regan, Superintendent of Government Printing, my thanks are due for having, in the face of sudden and quite excep tional difficulties, succeeded in passing this volume through the Press without undue delay. -
Indigenous Languages in the Secondary Curriculum in Bangladesh
Indigenous Languages in the Secondary Curriculum in Bangladesh: A Study in Khagrachari District. Niger Sultana Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Education College of Education University of Canterbury, Christchurch June 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank and dedicate this thesis to my parents, for their support and encouragement throughout this research study when overseas. I am especially grateful to Dr Baljit Kaur for her active encouragement, guidance and support during the initial stages of this research. My greatest gratitude goes to my supervisors, Dr Kathleen Quinlivan and Dr Sylvie Gagnon for their continuous advice, direction, understanding, enthusiasm, encouragement and friendly dispositions. I have greatly appreciated the students of three tribal groups (Chakma, Marma, and Tripura) and the teachers at the school where this investigation took place for their enthusiasm in sharing opinions, and thoughts. Without their contribution, this investigation would not have been possible. My vote of thanks goes to community leaders from the three tribal groups for their eagerness of sharing experiences, beliefs, and opinions about the role of tribal languages in their children's learning. I am also thankful to the curriculum planner for his perceptions about the significance of tribal students' mother language in learning, and giving the hard-copies and electronic copies of curriculum documents. Niger Sultana Page 1 I would like to thank to my brother (Kazi Shah Mohammad Fazle Alim) and my friend (Jishu Acharjee) for their sincere support and company while I was moving from Dhaka to Chittagong and Chittagong to Khagrachari to carry on my data collection process. -
The Chakma Voice-Global Edition-Nov-Dec 2010 Issue
Message from the MCDF President Dear Chakma Community, Mizoram Chakma Development forum (MCDF) has turned one year on 11th October 2010. As I look back I am happy to note that we are no longer a small group of people but now have thousands of people with us and behind us – enough to give confidence and momentum to march ahead. I bet we have just scratched the surface of what’s possible together. What an amazing journey together. In just a single year MCDF has done numerous activities which have started giving result and as these begin to bear fruits the outcome will lead to improved condition for the Chakmas in Mizoram and develop greater ties among Chakmas across the globe. Please turn to page 4 to know some of the important activities undertaken by MCDF so far. Each day people are willing to join us which is very encouraging sign. What brings us together, I think is the fact that we all are concerned about our situation, we all care to be developed, care to be educated, care to earn a good living, and care to be free from all sorts of oppression. Over thousands of us have under the aegis of MCDF now resolved to seek our right to development and re- solved to conduct our responsibilities as members of great Chakma Community, as an exemplary citizens, protecting our right to be educated, confronting systematic discrimination in any nature and form, eradicate corruption, work for peace and harmonious co-existence with our fellow communities like Mizo, Mara and Lai etc. -
Typing Guideline by Bivuti Chakma Ribenguni Wih Easy Chakma
Typing Guideline by Bivuti Chakma RibengUni wih Easy Chakma Keyboard RibengUni চাকমা ফন্ট綿 ব্যবহার করর Easy Chakma Keyboard এর মাধ্যরম ককভারব চাকমা লেখা টাইপ কররে হরব ো এখারে কবাকরে বর্েণ া করা হরো। টাইপ করার জন্য এখারে �鷁 槁চযাঙ্যা-কা (ᄇ) লক ব্যবহার করর সকে টাইপ কেয়মাবেী সম্পন্ন করা হরয়রে। উরেখ থারক লে, Easy Chakma Keyboard এর কীরবা쇍 ণ লে-আউট এবং এর টাচ লে-আউটসহ কী লস綿ং লেখারো হরয়রে। কীরবা쇍綿ণ কেমাণরর্র সময় োরা আমারক সাহায্য করররেে োরা হরেে- Dr. Andrew Glass, Marc Durdin and Makara Sok. ে女রের প্রকে আমার অন্তররর অন্তে হরে 嗃েজ্ঞো জ্ঞাপে করকে। এ পরামর্ ণ এবং সাহায্য ে女রের কারে আমারক কচরঋর্ী করররে। RibengUni Unicode Chakma Font Keyboard Layout typing guidelines. Here will show Key settings (Key press) of the Keyboard. Typing Guideline-1 The Touch Layout also added here: Layout (Nomal) Layout (Shift) Layout (Symbol) Note: The ᅀ key sets on A longpress and ᅂ key sets on a longpress of the rightmost key on the fourth row (U+11145). Typing Guideline-2 Broad layout of the Key Settings Chakma Letter To Press Chakma Letter To Press Various signs Consonants Shift+7 ᄤ p Shift+q ᄥ n Shift+\ ᄦ i Independent vowels ᅄ /(Slash) ᄃ Shift +f Dependent vowel signs ᄄ z f ᄅ Shift+p d ᄆ Shift+m Shift+d Consonants s ᄇ j Shift+s ᄈ Shift+j �� c ᄉ o a ᄊ Shift+o � � x ᄋ q � � Shift+x ᄌ y Shift+c ᄍ Shift+y � Shift+a ᄎ u � Shift+n Shift+u Shift+z ᄏ ᄐ Shift+i Shift+����Semi-colon ᄑ t ᄒ Shift+t Various signs ᄓ e (Virama) g ᄔ Shift+e ; (Semi-colon) Typing Guideline-3 Chakma Letter To Press Chakma Letter To Press Consonants Digits ᄕ Shift+b ᄶ 0 ᄖ k ᄷ 1 ᄗ Shift+k ᄸ 2 ᄘ l ᄹ 3 ᄙ Shift+l ᄺ 4 ᄚ b ᄻ 5 ᄛ r ᄼ 6 ᄜ Shift+r ᄽ 7 ᄝ h ᄾ 8 ᄞ Shift+h ᄿ 9 ᄟ m Punctuation ᄠ Shift+ w ᅀ Shift+6 ᄡ w ᅁ Shift +g ᄢ v ᅂ \ (Back slash) ᄣ Shift+v ᅃ ? Note: All complex Script are included from next page example with Cucengya Kaa (ᄇ) Special thanked to Peter, Andrew (Microsoft Corporation), Paul D. -
Map by Steve Huffman; Data from World Language Mapping System
Svalbard Greenland Jan Mayen Norwegian Norwegian Icelandic Iceland Finland Norway Swedish Sweden Swedish Faroese FaroeseFaroese Faroese Faroese Norwegian Russia Swedish Swedish Swedish Estonia Scottish Gaelic Russian Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Latvia Latvian Scots Denmark Scottish Gaelic Danish Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Danish Danish Lithuania Lithuanian Standard German Swedish Irish Gaelic Northern Frisian English Danish Isle of Man Northern FrisianNorthern Frisian Irish Gaelic English United Kingdom Kashubian Irish Gaelic English Belarusan Irish Gaelic Belarus Welsh English Western FrisianGronings Ireland DrentsEastern Frisian Dutch Sallands Irish Gaelic VeluwsTwents Poland Polish Irish Gaelic Welsh Achterhoeks Irish Gaelic Zeeuws Dutch Upper Sorbian Russian Zeeuws Netherlands Vlaams Upper Sorbian Vlaams Dutch Germany Standard German Vlaams Limburgish Limburgish PicardBelgium Standard German Standard German WalloonFrench Standard German Picard Picard Polish FrenchLuxembourgeois Russian French Czech Republic Czech Ukrainian Polish French Luxembourgeois Polish Polish Luxembourgeois Polish Ukrainian French Rusyn Ukraine Swiss German Czech Slovakia Slovak Ukrainian Slovak Rusyn Breton Croatian Romanian Carpathian Romani Kazakhstan Balkan Romani Ukrainian Croatian Moldova Standard German Hungary Switzerland Standard German Romanian Austria Greek Swiss GermanWalser CroatianStandard German Mongolia RomanschWalser Standard German Bulgarian Russian France French Slovene Bulgarian Russian French LombardRomansch Ladin Slovene Standard -
Neo-Vernacularization of South Asian Languages
LLanguageanguage EEndangermentndangerment andand PPreservationreservation inin SSouthouth AAsiasia ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 7 Language Endangerment and Preservation in South Asia ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 7 PUBLISHED AS A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT AND PRESERVATION IN SOUTH ASIA Special Publication No. 7 (January 2014) ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION Department of Linguistics, UHM Moore Hall 569 1890 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 USA http:/nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I PRESS 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822-1888 USA © All text and images are copyright to the authors, 2014 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License ISBN 978-0-9856211-4-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4607 Contents Contributors iii Foreword 1 Hugo C. Cardoso 1 Death by other means: Neo-vernacularization of South Asian 3 languages E. Annamalai 2 Majority language death 19 Liudmila V. Khokhlova 3 Ahom and Tangsa: Case studies of language maintenance and 46 loss in North East India Stephen Morey 4 Script as a potential demarcator and stabilizer of languages in 78 South Asia Carmen Brandt 5 The lifecycle of Sri Lanka Malay 100 Umberto Ansaldo & Lisa Lim LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT AND PRESERVATION IN SOUTH ASIA iii CONTRIBUTORS E. ANNAMALAI ([email protected]) is director emeritus of the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore (India). He was chair of Terralingua, a non-profit organization to promote bi-cultural diversity and a panel member of the Endangered Languages Documentation Project, London. -
Gazetteer of India Tirap District
Gazetteer of India ARUNACHAL PRADESH Tirap District GAZETTEER OF INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH TIRAP DISTRICT ARUNACHAL PRADESH DISTRICT GAZETTEERS TIRAP DISTRICT Edited by S. DUTTA CHOUDHURY GOVERNMENT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH 1980 Published by Shri R.N. Bagchi Director of Information and Public Relations Government of Arunachal Pradesh, Shillong Printed by N.K, Gossain & Co. Private Ltd. 13/7ArifFRoad Calcutta 700 067 © Government of Arunachal Pradesh First Edition: 1980 First Reprint Edition: 2008 ISBN--978-81-906587-1-3 Price: Rs. 225/- Reprinted by M/s Himalayan Publishers Legi Shopping Con^jlex, BankTinali,ltanagar-791 111. FOREWORD I am happy to know that the Tirap District Gazetteer is soon coming out. This will be the second volume of District Gazetteers of Arunachal Pradesh — the first one on Lohit District was published during last year. The Gazetteer presents a comprehensive view of the life in Tirap District. The narrative covers a wide range of subjects and contains a wealth of information relating to the life style of the people, the geography of the area and also developments made so far in various sectors. The Tirap District Gazetteer, 1 hope, would serve a very useful purpose as a reference book. Raj Niwas R. N. Haldipur ltanagar-791111 Lieutenant Governor, Arunachal Pradesh May 6. 1980 PREFACE The present volume is the second in the series of Arunachal Pradesh District Gazetteers. The publication of this volume is the work of the Gazetteers Department of the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, carried out persistently over a number of years. In fact, the draft of Tirap District Gazetteer passed through a long course of examinations, changes and rewriting until the revised draft recommended by the Advisory Board in 1977 was approved by the Government of Arunachal Pradesh in 1978 and finally by the Government of India in 1979. -
Elective English - III DENG202
Elective English - III DENG202 ELECTIVE ENGLISH—III Copyright © 2014, Shraddha Singh All rights reserved Produced & Printed by EXCEL BOOKS PRIVATE LIMITED A-45, Naraina, Phase-I, New Delhi-110028 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara SYLLABUS Elective English—III Objectives: To introduce the student to the development and growth of various trends and movements in England and its society. To make students analyze poems critically. To improve students' knowledge of literary terminology. Sr. Content No. 1 The Linguist by Geetashree Chatterjee 2 A Dream within a Dream by Edgar Allan Poe 3 Chitra by Rabindranath Tagore 4 Ode to the West Wind by P.B.Shelly. The Vendor of Sweets by R.K. Narayan 5 How Much Land does a Man Need by Leo Tolstoy 6 The Agony of Win by Malavika Roy Singh 7 Love Lives Beyond the Tomb by John Clare. The Traveller’s story of a Terribly Strange Bed by Wilkie Collins 8 Beggarly Heart by Rabindranath Tagore 9 Next Sunday by R.K. Narayan 10 A Lickpenny Lover by O’ Henry CONTENTS Unit 1: The Linguist by Geetashree Chatterjee 1 Unit 2: A Dream within a Dream by Edgar Allan Poe 7 Unit 3: Chitra by Rabindranath Tagore 21 Unit 4: Ode to the West Wind by P B Shelley 34 Unit 5: The Vendor of Sweets by R K Narayan 52 Unit 6: How Much Land does a Man Need by Leo Tolstoy 71 Unit 7: The Agony of Win by Malavika Roy Singh 84 Unit 8: Love Lives beyond the Tomb by John Clare 90 Unit 9: The Traveller's Story of a Terribly Strange Bed by Wilkie Collins 104 Unit 10: Beggarly Heart by Rabindranath Tagore 123 Unit 11: Next Sunday by -
Report, Part I, Vol-XII , Burma
CENSUS OF INDIA, 190 1. VOLUME XII. BURMA. PART I. REPORT. BY c. C. LOWIS, OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE, SUPERINTENDENT, CENSUS OPERATIONS. RANGOON: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 1902. ~'t-icc" @b. 3-6-0 = 5". PREFACE. I FIND it impossible to place adequately on record my acknow edgments to those who have laboured with me in the preparation of this Report. To review the proofs. as a connected whole is to realize, to an overwhelming degree, how much I am beholden to others and to take the measure of my indebtedness is to be seized with an uneasy sense of the hopelessness of attempting to compound, even to the Scan tiest extent, with all of my many creditors. I must leave it to the pages of the Report itself to bear grateful testimony to my obli gations. A glance at the language chapter will tell how shadowy a production it would have been without the benefit of Dr. Grierson's erudition. Every paragraph of the caste, tribe and race chapter will show with how lavish a hand I have drawn upon Sir George Scott for my material. I would, however, take .this opportunity of specially thanking Dr. Cushing and Mr. Taw Sein Kho, who have responded more than generously to my appeals for assistance and advice. The great.er part of the Report has been shown to Mr. Eales, and it is to his ripe experience that I am indebted for hints which have led me to alter portions. To Mr. Regan, Superintendent of Government Printing, my thanks are due for having, in the face of sudden and quite excep tional difficulties, succeed'ed in passing this volume through the Press without undue delay.