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The Lower Paleozoic Stratigraphy of Western Part of the Southern Shan State, Burma
Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bulletin 6, July 1973; pp. 143-163. The Lower Paleozoic Stratigraphy of Western Part of the Southern Shan State, Burma MYINT LWIN THEINl Abstract: Rocks of all periods of the Lower Paleozoic are exposed at the western part of the Southern Shan State, typically at the Pindaya and Bawsaing (formerly known as Mawson) ranges. The Cambrian rocks are recently discovered, the Ordovician and Silurian rocks have been systematically restudied and grouped into formal lithostratigraphical units. The Cambrian (Upper), Molohein Group proposed here as a new lithostratigraphic unit, is essentially made up of clastic sediments, and composed of slightly metamorphosed mica ceous, fine-grained, pinkish to brown sandstones, and light-colored quartzites as principal rock types, and coarse-grained, pinkish sandstones, grits, greywacke, conglomerates and dolomites as minor rock types. These rocks are exposed as the cores of Pindaya Range and Hethin Hill in Bawsaing Range. The discovery of Saukiella and related genera from the mica ceous sandstones enabled the assignment of the unit as Upper Cambrian. The thickness of the group is about 3,500 feet. The lower boundary of the unit in contact with the Chaungmagyi rocks of the pre-Cambrian age (La Touche, 1913) is unconformable, while the upper bound ary in contact with the lower boundary of the Lokepyin Formation (Ordovician) is grada tional. The Ordovician rocks of the Southern Shan State can conveniently be grouped into the Pindaya Group which includes the Pindaya Beds and Mawson Series of Brown and Sondhi (1933). The Pindaya Group, herein, could be differentiated into four newly proposed forma tions, viz., (from lowest to uppermost), Lokepyin Formation (essentially containing grey siltstones), Wunbye Formation (essentially containing bedded limestones with burrowed structures and interbedded grey siltstones), Nan-on Formation (essentially containing yellow to buff color siltstones and mudstones, and Tanshauk Member (containing purplish shales and siltstones) of Nan-on Formation. -
Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State
A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State ASIA PAPER May 2018 EUROPEAN UNION A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State © Institute for Security and Development Policy V. Finnbodavägen 2, Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.isdp.eu “A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State” is an Asia Paper published by the published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy. The Asia Paper Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Institute’s Asia Program, and addresses topical and timely subjects. The Institute is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and cooperates closely with research centers worldwide. The Institute serves a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. It is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion. This publication has been produced with funding by the European Union. The content of this publication does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the paper lies entirely with the authors. No third-party textual or artistic material is included in the publication without the copyright holder’s prior consent to further dissemination by other third parties. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. © European Union and ISDP, 2018 Printed in Lithuania ISBN: 978-91-88551-11-5 Cover photo: Patrick Brown patrickbrownphoto.com Distributed in Europe by: Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden Tel. -
Financial Inclusion
ANNUAL REPORT 2020 I LIFT Annual Report 2020 ANNUAL REPORT 2020 II III LIFT Annual Report 2020 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank LBVD Livestock Breeding and Veterinary ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Department CBO Community-based Organisation We thank the governments of Australia, Canada, the European Union, LEARN Leveraging Essential Nutrition Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and CSO Civil Society Organisation Actions To Reduce Malnutrition project the United States of America for their kind contributions to improving the livelihoods and food security of rural poor people in Myanmar. Their DAR Department of Agricultural MAM Moderate acute malnutrition support to the Livelihoods and Food Security Fund (LIFT) is gratefully Research acknowledged. M&E Monitoring and evaluation DC Donor Consortium MADB Myanmar Agriculture Department of Agriculture Development Bank DISCLAIMER DoA DoF Department of Fisheries MEAL Monitoring, evaluation, This document is based on information from projects funded by LIFT in accountability and learning 2020 and supported with financial assistance from Australia, Canada, the DRD Department for Rural European Union, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, the United Development MoALI Ministry of Agriculture, Kingdom, and the United States of America. The views expressed herein Livestock and Irrigation should not be taken to reflect the official opinion of the LIFT donors. DSW Department of Social Welfare MoE Ministry of Education Exchange rate: This report converts MMK into -
Early Childhood Care and Development- END of PROGRAMME EVALUATION !
early childhood care and Development- END OF PROGRAMME EVALUATION ! Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations!..................................................................................................................................................!5! Tables and figures!.....................................................................................................................................................................!6! 1.! EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS!.........................!7! 2. INTRODUCTION – ORGANIZATIONAL AND PROGRAMMATIC RELEVANCE!............!14! 3. METHODOLOGY!......................................................................................................................................!15! 3.1 ! INTRODUCTION!.....................................................................................................................................................!15! 3.2 ! DATA TOOLS AND DESIGN PROCESS!...............................................................................................................!16! 3.3 ! SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SELECTION!....................................................................................................................!17! 3.4 ! FIELD RESEARCH AND DATA COLLECTION!...................................................................................................!18! 3.5 ! LIMITATIONS!..........................................................................................................................................................!18! -
Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar
Myanmar Development Research (MDR) (Present) Enlightened Myanmar Research (EMR) Wing (3), Room (A-305) Thitsar Garden Housing. 3 Street , 8 Quarter. South Okkalarpa Township. Yangon, Myanmar +951 562439 Acknowledgement of Myanmar Development Research This edition of the “Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar (2010-2012)” is the first published collection of facts and information of political parties which legally registered at the Union Election Commission since the pre-election period of Myanmar’s milestone 2010 election and the post-election period of the 2012 by-elections. This publication is also an important milestone for Myanmar Development Research (MDR) as it is the organization’s first project that was conducted directly in response to the needs of civil society and different stakeholders who have been putting efforts in the process of the political transition of Myanmar towards a peaceful and developed democratic society. We would like to thank our supporters who made this project possible and those who worked hard from the beginning to the end of publication and launching ceremony. In particular: (1) Heinrich B�ll Stiftung (Southeast Asia) for their support of the project and for providing funding to publish “Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar (2010-2012)”. (2) Party leaders, the elected MPs, record keepers of the 56 parties in this book who lent their valuable time to contribute to the project, given the limited time frame and other challenges such as technical and communication problems. (3) The Chairperson of the Union Election Commission and all the members of the Commission for their advice and contributions. -
Yangon University of Economics Department of Economics Master of Development Studies Programme
YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME A STUDY ON WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN THE KACHIN LITERATURE AND CULTURE ASSOCIATION, LASHIO, NORTHERN SHAN STATE L JI MAI EMDEVS -16 (15TH BATCH) NOVEMBER, 2019 i YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME This is to certify that thesis entitled “A Study on Women Participation in the Kachin Literature and Culture Association, Lashio” submitted as a partial fulfillment toward the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies, has been accepted by the Board of Examiners. BOARD OF EXAMINERS 1. Dr. Tin Win Rector Yangon University of Economics (Chief Examiner) 2. Dr. Ni Lar Myint Htoo Pro-Rector Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 3. Dr. Kyaw Min Tun Pro- Rector (Retired) Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 4. Dr. Cho Cho Thein Professor and Head Department of Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 5. Daw Yin Myo Oo Associate Professor Department of Econimics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) November, 2019 ii YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME A STUDY ON WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN THE KACHIN LITERATURE AND CULTURE ASSOCIATION, LASHIO A thesis submitted as a partial fulfilment towards the requirement of the Degree of Master of Development Studies (EMDevS) Supervised by: Submitted by: Daw Than Win Htay L Ji Mai Lecturer Roll No.16 Department of Economics EMDevs -15th batch Yangon University of Economics (2017-2019) November, 2019 iii ABSTRACT In Myanmar, women are still mostly excluded from full and equal participation in decision-making and leadership at all levels of society due to the traditional culture, norms, and stereotypes which favour and prefer men to take up leadership opportunities. -
The Burma Army's Offensive Against the Shan State Army
EBO The Burma Army’s Offensive Against the Shan State Army - North ANALYSIS PAPER No. 3 2011 THE BURMA ARMY’S OFFENSIVE AGAINST THE SHAN STATE ARMY - NORTH EBO Analysis Paper No. 3/2011 On 11 November 2010, a fire fight between troops of Burma Army Light Infantry Division (LID) 33 and Battalion 24 of the Shan State Army-North (SSA-N) 1st Brigade at Kunkieng-Wanlwe near the 1st Brigade’s main base, marked the beginning of the new military offensive against the ethnic armed groups in Shan and Kachin States. Tensions between the Burma Army and the ethnic groups, which had ceasefire agreements, started to mount after the Burma Army delivered an ultimatum in April 2009 for the groups to become Border Guard Forces. Prior to this, the Burma Army had always maintained that it did not have jurisdiction over political issues and that the groups could maintain their arms and negotiate with the new elected government for a political solution. Most of the larger ethnic groups refused to become BGFs, and in August 2009 the Burma Army attacked and seized control of Kokang (MNDAA), sending shock waves through the ethnic communities and the international community. Following the outcry, the Burma Army backed down and seemed content to let matters die down as it concentrated on holding the much publicized general elections on 7 November 2010. The attack against the SSA-N is seen was the first in a series of military offensives designed to fracture and ultimately destroy all armed ethnic opposition in the country’s ethnic borderlands.1 While the SSA-N lost its bases, this is unlikely to reduce its ability to conduct guerrilla operation against the Burma Army. -
June Chronology 2019
JUNE CHRONOLOGY 2019 Myo Hein Swe tortured by military Summary of the Current Situation: There are 466 individuals oppressed in Burma due to political activity. 34 are currently serving prison sentences, 161 are awaiting trial inside prison, Accessed June ©Narinjara 271 are awaiting trial outside prison. WEBSITE | TWITTER | FACEBOOK MONTH IN REVIEW June in Numbers Sentenced: 8 Arrests: 86 Charged: 76 Released: 7 ●●● ●●● “As a consequences of the June Month in Review continued conflict between the military and the Arakan International Day in Support of Victims of Army(AA) in June, a Torture worryingly high level of ethnic June 26 is the International Day in Support of people have been arrested and Victims of Torture; however in Burma, people who tortured.” have been tortured have received neither ●●● compensation or support. Furthermore, torture is continuing across the country. Meanwhile the perpetrators of such torture enjoy impunity as most of them are in positions of power. As a consequences of the continued conflict between the military and the Arakan Army(AA) in June, a worryingly high level of ethnic people have been arrested and tortured. Consequences of Conflicts Occurring in Ethnic Areas Torture Myo Hein Swe and Soe Maung Than, residents of Tin Htein Kan village in Mrauk-U Township, Arakan State, were arrested and charged under the Counter-Terrisom Law and Explosive Act, testified at the Kyauktaw Township Court that they had been tortured while they were being investigated. Furthermore, Nay Myo Tun, Pauk Taw Pyin Villager in Mrauk-U Township, died while he was under investigation (Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun of the Tatmadaw True News Information team said the detainee’s health had deteriorated while he was in custody, and he died en route to the hospital) In addition, civilians in other parts of the country are still suffering torture at the hands of the States security forces. -
Gazetteer of Upper Burma. and the Shan States. in Five Volumes. Compiled from Official Papers by J. George Scott, Barrister-At-L
GAZETTEER OF UPPER BURMA. AND THE SHAN STATES. IN FIVE VOLUMES. COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL PAPERS BY J. GEORGE SCOTT, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, C.I.E,M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., ASSISTED BY J. P. HARDIMAN, I.C.S. PART II.--VOL. I. RANGOON: PRINTRD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 1901. [PART II, VOLS. I, II & III,--PRICE: Rs. 12-0-0=18s.] CONTENTS. VOLUME I Page. Page. Page. A-eng 1 A-lôn-gyi 8 Auk-kyin 29 Ah Hmun 2 A-Ma ib ib. A-hlè-ywa ib. Amarapura ib. Auk-myin ib. Ai-bur ib. 23 Auk-o-a-nauk 30 Ai-fang ib. Amarapura Myoma 24 Auk-o-a-she ib. Ai-ka ib. A-meik ib. Auk-sa-tha ib. Aik-gyi ib. A-mi-hkaw ib. Auk-seik ib. Ai-la ib. A-myauk-bôn-o ib. Auk-taung ib. Aing-daing ib. A-myin ib. Auk-ye-dwin ib. Aing-daung ib. Anauk-dônma 25 Auk-yo ib. Aing-gaing 3 A-nauk-gôn ib. Aung ib. Aing-gyi ib. A-nsuk-ka-byu ib. Aung-ban-chaung ib. -- ib. A-nauk-kaing ib. Aung-bin-le ib. Aing-ma ib. A-nauk-kyat-o ib. Aung-bôn ib. -- ib. A-nauk-let-tha-ma ib. Aung-ga-lein-kan ib. -- ib. A-nauk-pet ib. Aung-kè-zin ib. -- ib. A-nauk-su ib. Aung-tha 31 -- ib ib ib. Aing-she ib. A-nauk-taw ib ib. Aing-tha ib ib ib. Aing-ya ib. A-nauk-yat ib. -
On the Ground, the Army Is Taking Advantage of the Silence of the International Community.” Visit Report | Thai-Burma Borderland May 2015
Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust “On the ground, the Army is taking advantage of the silence of the international community.” Visit Report | Thai-Burma Borderland May 2015 CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Executive Summary and Recommendations ................................................................................ 4 1.2. Visit Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3. Terminology .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.4. Quotations .................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Findings ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1. Military Offensives ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Current Ceasefire and Peace Process Negotiations ..................................................................... 9 2.3. Land expropriation and large scale developments ..................................................................... -
Baseline Assessment Report Hydropower
BASELINE ASSESSMENT REPORT HYDROPOWER Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Hydropower Sector in Myanmar © International Finance Corporation 2017. All rights reserved. 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 Internet: www.ifc.org The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly, and when the reproduction is for educational and non-commercial purposes, without a fee, subject to such attributions and notices as we may reasonably require. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal, securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation of any type. IFC or its affiliates may have an investment in, provide other advice or services to, or otherwise have a financial interest in, certain of the companies and parties. -
B U R M a B U L L E T
B U R M A B U L L E T I N A month-in-review of events in Burma A L T E R N A T I V E A S E A N N E T W O R K O N B U R M A campaigns, advocacy & capacit y - building for human rights & democracy Issue 127 July 2017 • UN Special Rapporteur says that Burmese authorities are “presiding over a worsening IN THIS ISSUE security and human rights situation” and urges the govt to accept the UN fact-finding mission. 2 KEY STORY: SECURITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION “WORSENING” • Burmese authorities repeat that a UN 3.New accounts of abuse surface in Arakan investigation in Arakan State will only aggravate State tensions. 3.Insecurity and sectarian violence further • Lower House of Parliament denounces triggered Yanghee Lee’s latest end of mission statement. HUMAN RIGHTS 4.Freedom of expression still threatened • Shan State: deteriorating security situation, MILITARY and inadequate assistance to civilians. 6.Tatmadaw plane crashes due to bad weather, • Insecurity and sectarian violence further say investigators triggered in Arakan State; new accounts of ETHNIC AFFAIRS AND CONFLICT abuse surfaced. 6.Ethnic groups’ confidence in the peace process undermined • Burmese journalists further detained and/or 7.Fighting between the Tatmadaw and ethnic charged for expressing their opinion and doing groups continues their job, despite general outcry and DISPLACEMENT governmental promises to amend the 8.Crackdown on Burmese migrant workers in Telecommunications Law. Thailand • Tatmadaw calls off a Shan meeting in Thailand, HUMANITARIAN further undermining the ethnic groups’ 8 Flooding across Burma displaces thousands, confidence in the peace process kills two 9 Influenza virus plagues Burma • Fighting between Tatmadaw and Northern DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE Alliance continues; hundreds of civilians 9.Tatmadaw urges the government to “take displaced.