AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY READING GUIDE UNIT 3 – CULTURAL PATTERNS & PROCESSES Ch. 5 Rubenstein pages 144-179 Title: Chapter 5: Language

144 1 Introduction 146 A. Define the following: language, literary tradition, official language 147 B. Explain how languages achieve globalization 147 C. Explain how languages preserve local diversity

147 2 Key Issue #1 – Where are English-language speakers distributed? A Origin and diffusion of English 1. English is spoken fluently by how many people? 2. Which language has more speakers than English? 3. How has the English language diffused? 4. Which peoples originated English in England? B Dialects of English 1. Define: dialect & standard language 2. Explain why there are differences between British & American English 3. List the 2 types of differences between British & American English 4. Dialects in the Eastern USA are divided into 3 speech areas – what are they? 5. Define: isogloss

Use the language visual organizer and questions that will be provided in class as note-taking for Ch. 5 Key Issues 2 & 3 – You do NOT need to take your own separate notes for Key Issues 2 or 3.

153 3 Key Issue #2 – Why is English related to other languages? A Indo-European branches B Origin and diffusion of Indo-European 161 4 Key Issue #3 – Where are other language families distributed? A Classification of languages B Distribution of language families

167 5 Key Issue #4 – Why do people preserve local languages? 168 A Preserving language diversity 1. Define: extinct languages 2. Identify an extinct language that has been revived 3. Identify an endangered language that is in need of preserving 4. What does the survival of any language depend on? 5. Identify two multilingual states and the languages predominant in each 6. Define: isolated languages 7. Describe the language of the Basque and the language of the Icelandic. 171 B Global dominance of English 1. Define: lingua franca, pidgin language, Ebonics, Franglais, Spanglish, Denglish 2. Give an example of a pidgin language 3. Describe positive and negative aspects of the use of languages such as Ebonics, Franglais, Spanglish, and Denglish

Don’t forget to read the summaries of the answers to the key issue questions at the end of Ch. 5