DOCSLIB.ORG

THE FUTURE of SPANISH in the UNITED Rodolfo Gutiérrez Is a Professor of Sociology at José Antonio Alonso Is a Doctor of Eco- the World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

RODOLFO GUTIÉRREZ The United States is home to the second JOSÉ ANTONIO ALONSO largest number of Spanish speakers in THE FUTURE OF SPANISH IN THE UNITED Rodolfo Gutiérrez is a Professor of Sociology at José Antonio Alonso is a Doctor of Eco- the world. This is due in part to the fact the University of Oviedo. From 2002 to 2007, STATES: THE LANGUAGE OF HISPANIC nomics and Professor of Applied Economics at the he was the Director of the Research Unit at the that Spanish is the original language Complutense University of Madrid. He served as Economic and Social Council in Spain. His research of a fraction of the U.S. population, but MIGRANT COMMUNITIES Cooperating Economic Director at the Institute of has focused primarily on issues in economic more significantly, to the comprehensive Ibero-American Cooperation and as Vice-Chancellor sociology. Dr. Gutiérrez and José Antonio Alonso and growing diaspora of Latin American José Antonio Alonso of Menéndez Pelayo International University. co-authored the book Migration and Language. Dr. Alonso specializes in growth and develop- The Role of Spanish in International Migration migrants that have arrived to the country. Jorge Durand ment, and international economic relations. He (Ariel-Fundación Telefónica, 2010). He recent- Rodolfo Gutiérrez is currently a member of the United Nation’s ly coordinated a research study on employment U.S. leadership will be a strong factor in Committee for Development Policy, ECOSOC. and poverty in Europe and his results were the persistence of Spanish in its midst as He is also a member of the European Advisory published in the book Working Poverty in a living language will be a powerful factor Group of the Bill and Melinda Gates Founda- Europe. A Comparative Approach, by N. Fraser, R. tion. Dr. Alonso has published papers in various Gutiérrez and R. Peña-Casas, (Palgrave-Macmillan, in the strengthening of the language on academic journals. His most recent books are 2011). the international stage. In this volume, Development Cooperation in Times of Crisis, Co- a number of specialists, all professors lumbia University Press, New York, 2012 (with of Latino origins currently working in J.A. Ocampo), Spanish edition in Fondo de Cul- tura Económica; and Alternative Development U.S. universities, analyze a variety of Strategies for the Post 2015 Era, Bloomsbury, factors, from different perspectives, New York (with G. Cornia and R. Vos). that play a role in the present and future vitality of Spanish as a second language in the U.S. The result is a rich JORGE DURAND and complex work surrounding a crucial issue that will influence the future of Jorge Durand is a Professor and Researcher at Spanish as an international language. the University of Guadalajara in Guadalajara, Mexico and the Center for Research and Teach- MIGRANT COMMUNITIES MIGRANT ing in Economics (CIDE) in Mexico. Since 1987, he has served as co-director of the Mexican Mi- gration Project with Douglas S. Massey, and is a Level III member of the National System of STATES: THE LANGUAGE OF HISPANIC STATES: THE FUTURE OF SPANISH IN THE UNITED THE FUTURE OF SPANISH IN UNITED Researchers. Dr. Durand is a member of both the Mexican Academy of Sciences and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Throughout the course of the last thirty years, he has studied mi- gration between Mexico and the United States and has published extensively on the subject. Book 21 cap1.indd I 12/11/14 15:01 cap1.indd II 12/11/14 15:01 Th e Economic Value of Spanish: A Multinational Business Research conducted by José Luis García Delgado, José Antonio Alonso and Juan Carlos Jiménez cap1.indd III 12/11/14 15:01 The Economic Value of Spanish (II): Challenges and Opportunities Titles published in this series: 1. The Spanish of International Relations Javier Rupérez and David F. Vítores 2. Spanish, Language of Scientifi c Communication J. L. García Delgado, J. A. Alonso and J. C. Jiménez (eds.) 3. The Future of Spanish in the United States: The Language of Hispanic Migrant Communities José Antonio Alonso, Jorge Durand and Rodolfo Gutiérrez cap1.indd IV 12/11/14 15:01 THE FUTURE OF SPANISH IN THE UNITED STATES: THE LANGUAGE OF HISPANIC MIGRANT COMMUNITIES José Antonio Alonso Jorge Durand Rodolfo Gutiérrez cap1.indd V 12/11/14 15:01 Th is work has been published by Ariel and the Telefónica Foundation in collaboration with Editorial Planeta. Th e publishers do not necessarily share the views expressed in the contents of this work. Th e contents included are the sole responsibility of the authors. © Fundación Telefónica, 2014 Gran Vía, 28 28013 Madrid (España) © Editorial Ariel, S. A., 2014 Avda. Diagonal, 662-664 08034 Barcelona (España) © Texts: Fundación Telefónica © Cover Illustration: Freelance artist / Shutterstock; Auremar / Shutterstock Editorial coordination at Fundación Telefónica: Rosa María Sáinz Peña This dossier is published under a Creative License Non commercial - Share alike First Edition December 2014 Legal Deposit: B. 25.704-2014 Printing and binding: BOOK PRINT DIGITAL Printed in Spain Th e paper used for the printing of this book is one hundred percent chlorine-free and is certifi ed ecological paper. cap1.indd VI 14/11/14 10:38 Table of Contents Preface . XIII Chapter 1.– Th e Persistence of Spanish among Hispanic Groups in the United States: an Introduction José Antonio Alonso, Jorge Durand and Rodolfo Gutiérrez . 1 1. Introduction . 1 2. Th e Value of Language . 6 3. Th e Unique Persistence of Spanish and the Composition of Hispanic Groups in the United States . 11 4. Language and Civilization . 20 5. Th e Value of Language Skills for Immigrants . 29 6. Structure of the Book . 38 Bibliography . 41 Chapter 2.– Spanish Literacy and Language in the Southwest United States: Hegemonic Language Politics from the Colonial Period to the Present Carlos G. Vélez-Ibáñez . 45 1. Introduction . 45 2. Historical Junctures of Empires and National States . 46 cap1.indd VII 12/11/14 15:01 VIII The Future of Spanish in the United States: The Language... 3. Spanish Literacy and Language Development in the Southwest North American Region . 49 3.1. Literacy Levels . 49 3.2. Early Spanish and Mexican Letters . 54 4. Changing and New Clashing Regimes: Th e Mexican and American Republics . 55 5. Political Process and the Naturalization of English: the case of Arizona and New Mexico . 57 6. Th e Preservation of Spanish in the Region . 64 6.1. Continued Movement of Mexican Populations to the New North and the Expansion of Spanish Literacy and Practices. 64 6.2. Th e Explosion of Spanish Literacy and Language . 66 7. Th e Present: Spanish Literacy and Language, Bilingual Education, and the Rise of English Only . 73 7.1. Th e Present . 73 7.2. Bilingual Education . 75 8. Th e English Only Movement: Responses in the Present to Immigration and the Rearticulation of an «American» Cultural Prism through «White» Neo-liberal Th eories. 79 8.1. «White Racism» . 79 8.2. Political Demography and English Only . 81 8.3. English Only Rationales, Fears, and its Totemic Founders and Relations . 85 8.4. Totemic Founder . 89 8.5. Th e Future of Spanish Literacy and Language: the rise of Bilingualism . 92 9. Conclusions . 93 Bibliography . 96 cap1.indd VIII 12/11/14 15:01 Table of Contents IX Chapter 3.– Th e Confl icted Origins and Future of Spanish in the United States Carlos J. Ovando . 105 1. Abstract . 105 2. Confl icted Beginnings . 106 2.1. Th e Permissive Period (1700s-1880s). 110 2.2. Th e Restrictive Period (1880s-1960s). 111 2.3. Th e Opportunist Period (1960s-1980s). 113 2.4. Th e Dismissive Period (1980s-Present) . 120 2.5. Th e Growing Presence of Spanish in the World . 123 3. Spanish and English in the 21st Century USA: Friends or Foes? . 123 3.1. Foreign-Born Hispanic Immigrants. 125 3.2. Spanish-English Language Shift. 126 3.3. Impact of the Foreign-Born in U.S. Schools. 130 3.4. Th e Myth of Latino Resistance. 131 4. Th e Future of Spanish in the United States: Certain, Uncertain, or Guarded? . 134 Bibliography . 142 Chapter 4.– Spanish as a Vehicle of Adaptation between First and Second Generation Immigrants in the United States Patricia Fernández-Kelly . 153 1. Introduction . 153 2. Language as a Social Product in a Historical Context . 157 3. Immigration in the United States . 161 4. Bilingualism, Discrimination and Assimilation in the United States . 165 5. New Voices of Spanish in the United States . 188 6. Conclusion . 200 Bibliography . 203 cap1.indd IX 12/11/14 15:01 X The Future of Spanish in the United States: The Language... Chapter 5.– Bilingual Illiterates? Th e Linguistic Practices of Puerto Ricans of the Island and in the Diaspora Jorge Duany . 213 1. Introduction . 213 2. Th e Language Issue in Puerto Rico . 217 3. Th e Puerto Rican Diaspora . 225 4. Conclusion . 233 Bibliography . 235 Chapter 6.– Th e Enclave, Ideology and Language Preference among Cuban-Americans in Miami: Language and the Exile Ideology Guillermo J. Grenier 241 1. Introduction . 241 2. Cubans in the U.S. Now: Exceptional Latinos? . 243 2.1. Demographic Profi le . 243 2.2. Cuban Migration to the United States . 246 3. Th e Cuban American Enclave and the Spanish Language Media . 250 4. Th e Enclave and Linguistic Acculturation . 253 5. Language Preference and the Persistence of the Exile Ideology . 259 5.1. Data . 261 5.2. Results . 263 6. Conclusions . 266 Bibliography . 268 Chapter 7.– Spanish Bilingualism in the United States: Context, Scope, Characteristics and Viability Rodolfo O. de la Garza .
Recommended publications
  • 'Qui C'est Ce Monsieur Mali Qui Remplace Les Francais?' Analyzing the Kel Tamasheq Conflict of Mali from the Perspective

    'Qui C'est Ce Monsieur Mali Qui Remplace Les Francais?' Analyzing the Kel Tamasheq Conflict of Mali from the Perspective

    Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen MSc Human Geography, specialisation: Conflicts, Territories and Identities Supervised by Dr. Henk van Houtum ‘Qui c’est ce monsieur Mali qui remplace les Francais?’ Analyzing the Kel Tamasheq conflict of Mali from the perspective of identity Ieteke Elze Schouten [email protected] Amsterdam, August 2010 OI VA VOI1,2 Hora It's all about identity Construction of a family Of difference and simile What I give you and you give me It's all about identity This tribal sense of dignity Of tolerance and unity Of prejudice and bigotry It's all about identity A web of who we'd like to be Let's cut and paste our memory A dark and timeless industry It's all about identity A strength and solidarity A dazed, confused desire to find A place and time in history It's all about identity Or how the sheer majority Impose a predetermined badge And wait to judge you silently It's all about identity A retrospective odyssey But where I live and who I meet Are stronger in defining me From the album: Laughter Through Tears (2003) 1 Saint Girons, 2008:27 2 Oi Va Voi is a Klezmer/dance band influenced by folk music from eastern Europe. The band originates from London and most of the members have a Jewish background. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When writing the acknowledgements, I cannot help to ponder over the fact that I am so grateful that this work is now completed. The patience the people close to me have showed was unending.
  • Attitudes Towards Linguistic Diversity in the Hebrew Bible

    Attitudes Towards Linguistic Diversity in the Hebrew Bible

    Many Peoples of Obscure Speech and Difficult Language: Attitudes towards Linguistic Diversity in the Hebrew Bible The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Power, Cian Joseph. 2015. Many Peoples of Obscure Speech and Difficult Language: Attitudes towards Linguistic Diversity in the Hebrew Bible. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845462 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA MANY PEOPLES OF OBSCURE SPEECH AND DIFFICULT LANGUAGE: ATTITUDES TOWARDS LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN THE HEBREW BIBLE A dissertation presented by Cian Joseph Power to The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2015 © 2015 Cian Joseph Power All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Peter Machinist Cian Joseph Power MANY PEOPLES OF OBSCURE SPEECH AND DIFFICULT LANGUAGE: ATTITUDES TOWARDS LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN THE HEBREW BIBLE Abstract The subject of this dissertation is the awareness of linguistic diversity in the Hebrew Bible—that is, the recognition evident in certain biblical texts that the world’s languages differ from one another. Given the frequent role of language in conceptions of identity, the biblical authors’ reflections on language are important to examine.
  • Perceptions of Dialect Standardness in Puerto Rican Spanish

    Perceptions of Dialect Standardness in Puerto Rican Spanish

    Perceptions of Dialect Standardness in Puerto Rican Spanish Jonathan Roig Advisor: Jason Shaw Submitted to the faculty of the Department of Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Yale University May 2018 Abstract Dialect perception studies have revealed that speakers tend to have false biases about their own dialect. I tested that claim with Puerto Rican Spanish speakers: do they perceive their dialect as a standard or non-standard one? To test this question, based on the dialect perception work of Niedzielski (1999), I created a survey in which speakers of Puerto Rican Spanish listen to sentences with a phonological phenomenon specific to their dialect, in this case a syllable- final substitution of [R] with [l]. They then must match the sounds they hear in each sentence to one on a six-point continuum spanning from [R] to [l]. One-third of participants are told that they are listening to a Puerto Rican Spanish speaker, one-third that they are listening to a speaker of Standard Spanish, and one-third are told nothing about the speaker. When asked to identify the sounds they hear, will participants choose sounds that are more similar to Puerto Rican Spanish or more similar to the standard variant? I predicted that Puerto Rican Spanish speakers would identify sounds as less standard when told the speaker was Puerto Rican, and more standard when told that the speaker is a Standard Spanish speaker, despite the fact that the speaker is the same Puerto Rican Spanish speaker in all scenarios. Some effect can be found when looking at differences by age and household income, but the results of the main effect were insignificant (p = 0.680) and were therefore inconclusive.
  • Europeanness in Aarhus 2017'S Programme of Events: Identity

    Europeanness in Aarhus 2017'S Programme of Events: Identity

    Culture, Practice & Europeanization, 2020, Vol. 5, No. 1, 16-33 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Europeanness in Aarhus 2017’s programme of events: Identity constructions and narratives Antoinette Fage-Butler ([email protected]), Katja Gorbahn ([email protected]) Aarhus University, Denmark _________________________________________________________________________ According to EU cultural policy, European Capitals of Culture (ECOCs) should include a ‘Eu- ropean dimension’ that promotes cultural collaborations across EU countries and high- lights the diversity and similarity of European cultures. However, the European dimension has been underplayed in ECOC events (Lähdesmäki, 2014b) and has not been particularly visible in official communication about ECOC events (European Commission, 2010). The purpose of this study is to investigate narratives of Europeanness that provide templates for identification in the official programme of events for Aarhus 2017, using a qualitative discourse analytical approach and computational tools. The findings reveal that ‘Europe’ is linked to other spatial/geopolitical levels, and that narratives of Europeanness draw on discourses of categorical identity and relational identity. The various representations of Europeanness in Aarhus 2017’s programme of events are discussed with respect to exist- ing empirical studies and theories of European identity, as well as the evolving aims of ECOC. Keywords: European Capitals of Culture (ECOCs), Narratives, Europeanness, European identity, Discourse, Digital text analysis, Aarhus 2017, ECOC programme of events 1. Introduction The European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) project has been in existence since 1985. It has been described as “a flagship cultural initiative of the European Union” (Barroso, 2009, 1), which should further civic identification with the EU, and political integration (Shore, 2000) by winning over EU citizens’ “hearts and minds” (Patel, 2013, 2).
  • NRC Visit of Dr. Agustin Alonso, Commisioner of the Spanish

    NRC Visit of Dr. Agustin Alonso, Commisioner of the Spanish

    October 18, 2000 MEMORANDUM TO: Chairman Meserve Commissioner Dicus Commissioner Diaz Commissioner McGaffigan Commissioner Merrifield FROM: Janice Dunn Lee, Director /RA/ Office of International Programs SUBJECT: NRC VISIT OF DR. AGUSTIN ALONSO, COMMISSIONER OF THE SPANISH CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD NUCLEAR (OCTOBER 24, 2000) Attached please find a schedule of appointments, biographical and background information, and talking points for the NRC visit of Dr. Augustin Alonso, Commissioner of the Spanish Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN), October 24, 2000. Attachments: As stated cc: SECY OGC EDO RES NRR NMSS AEOD OIP CONTACT: B. Doroshuk (Tel. 415-2775) DISTRIBUTION: OIP R/F SSchuyler-Hayes, Team B B. Doroshuk, Team A ADAMS - IP-2A-46 DOCUMENT NAME: G:\Spain\Alonso00.wpd To receive a copy of this document, indicate in the box: "C" = Copy without enclosures "E" = Copy with enclosures "N" = No copy OFFICE OIP/Team B OIP/Team A OIP/D OIP/D NAME SSchuyler-Hayes:vl EDoroshuk RHauber J Dunn Lee DATE 10/17/00 04/ /01 04/ /01 04/ /01 04/ /01 OFFICIAL RECORD COPY NRC VISIT OF COMMISSIONER AGUSTIN ALONSO SPANISH CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD NUCLEAR (CSN) OCTOBER 24, 2000 Schedule Tuesday, October 24: 1:15-1:45 Meeting with Commissioner Merrifield in his office 2:00-2:30 Meeting with Chairman Meserve in his office 3:00-3:30 Meeting with Commissioner Diaz in his office Accompanied by Commissioner Alonso will be accompanied to the above noted appointments by OIP staff. Purpose of the Visit Dr. Agustin Alonso, Commissioner, Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (the Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear or CSN), will be in the U.S.
  • Chinglish: an Emerging New Variety of English Language?

    Chinglish: an Emerging New Variety of English Language?

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Vol 4. No. 1 Mar 2009 Journal of Cambridge Studies 28 provided by Apollo Chinglish: an Emerging New Variety of English Language? ∗ You WANG PhD Candidate, Centre for Language and Language Education, Central China Normal University School of Foreign Languages and Research Centre for Languages and Literature, Jianghan University ABSTRACT: English, as a global language, is learned and used in China to fulfil the needs of international communication. In the non-Anglo-American sociocultural context, English language is in constant contact with the local language, Chinese. The contact gives birth to Chinglish, which is based on and shares its core grammar and vocabulary with British English. This paper investigates and tries to offer answers to the following two questions: 1. To what extent can Chinglish be tolerated in China? 2. Could Chinglish be a new variety of English language? KEY WORDS: Chinglish, Standard varieties of English, Non-native varieties of English INTRODUCTION For a long time, studies and learning of English in China have been focused on native-speaker Englishes, especially British English, and little attention has been paid to non-native varieties of English. At the times when non-native varieties were mentioned, it was often for the purpose of pointing out their deviances from Standard English. However, the status of English language in the world today is no longer what it used to be like. It is a property of the world, not only belonging to native-speakers, but to all speakers of English worldwide.
  • A Ame Elaf F

    A Ame Elaf F

    AM ELAF Asociación Mexicana de Laboratorios Farmacéuticos AC SEPTIEMBRE 04, 2019 CARPETA INFORMATIVA INDICE: SOBRESALIENTE DEL SECTOR FARMACEUTICO SOBRESALIENTE DEL DIA OCHO COLUMNAS PRIMERAS PLANAS ECONOMIA Y FINANZAS COLUMNAS POLITICAS COLUMNAS FINANCIERAS ORGANISMOS INTERNACIONALES Las notas que integran lo Sobresaliente del Sector Farmacéutico se pueden ver al final de esta Carpeta Informativa. SOBRESALIENTE DEL SECTOR FARMACÉUTICO AMELAF Activo Empresarial / En plena crisis, los dejan plantados 2 Excélsior - Dinero / Falla de origen - Pág. 1 - José Yuste ( Columna ) Salud y Negocios / La reunión del Cofinece y una oportunidad perdida 4 El Economista - Empresas y Negocios - Pág. 22 - Maribel R. Coronel ( Columna ) Cuenta Corriente / #CFE, ¿y la certificación del gasoducto? 5 Excélsior - Dinero - Pág. 5 - Alicia Salgado ( Columna ) Trascendió 7 Milenio Diario - Opinión - Pág. 2 - Sin autor ( Columna ) #Política Confidencial 8 Publimetro - Primera - Pág. 2 - Sin autor ( Columna ) Gente Detrás del Dinero / Los ahorros por huachicol 9 La Razón - Negocios - Pág. 20 - Mauricio Flores ( Columna ) Laboratorios Aviso a los proveedores de Nadro, S.A.P.I. de C.V. y publico en general: 11 Reforma - Ciudad - Pág. 7 - Manuel Espinosa Escandón ( Aviso ) Aviso / Nadro, S.A.P.I. de C. V. 12 El Financiero - Economía - Pág. 9 - Manuel Espinosa ( Aviso ) Se eliminará en un año el riesgo de nueva escasez de metotrexato 13 La Jornada - Sociedad - Pág. 36 - Ángeles Cruz Martínez ( Nota Informativa ) Consumo no básico despega en la Bolsa 14 El Economista - Termómetro Económico - Pág. 8 - Claudia Tejeda ( Nota Informativa ) Cápsulas de salud / El IMSS ratificó la denuncia penal respecto a los hechos de la Guardería ABC 15 Diario Imagen - Nacional - Pág.
  • English in France - Linguistic Dominance and Ambivalence Chloe Kampf Grand Valley State University

    English in France - Linguistic Dominance and Ambivalence Chloe Kampf Grand Valley State University

    Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Honors Projects Undergraduate Research and Creative Practice 8-2019 English in France - Linguistic Dominance and Ambivalence Chloe Kampf Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, English Language and Literature Commons, and the French Linguistics Commons ScholarWorks Citation Kampf, Chloe, "English in France - Linguistic Dominance and Ambivalence" (2019). Honors Projects. 745. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/honorsprojects/745 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research and Creative Practice at ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. !1 English in France - Linguistic Dominance and Ambivalence Chloe Kampf Grand Valley State University !2 Abstract Whenever English is perceived as a threat to a nation’s language, English proficiency suffers, and France is guilty as charged. Many people know France as a nation with exceptional cuisine, famous artists, and breathtaking countrysides. What many are not aware of, on the other hand, is that France has the least proficient English speakers out of any EU country. Through in-depth research, literature reviews, interviews with French citizens, and analyzations of personal experiences, I attempt to expose the underlining truth behind this intriguing phenomenon. Keywords: English Proficiency, Threat, Politics, Lingua Franca, Pride, Ambivalence, Franglais, Centralization, Education System, Germanic !3 The French are exceptionally talented at a number of things - gastronomy, art, and somehow making the ugliest of words sound like pure silk to the ear.
  • Researcher 2015;7(8)

    Researcher 2015;7(8)

    Researcher 2015;7(8) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher “JANGLISH” IS CHEMMOZHI?...(“RAMANUJAM LANGUAGE”) M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. M.Arulmani, B.E. V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil. (Engineer) (Biologist) [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Presently there are thousands of languages exist across the world. “ENGLISH” is considered as dominant language of International business and global communication through influence of global media. If so who is the “linguistics Ancestor” of “ENGLISH?”...This scientific research focus that “ANGLISH” (universal language) shall be considered as the Divine and universal language originated from single origin. ANGLISH shall also be considered as Ethical language of “Devas populations” (Angel race) who lived in MARS PLANET (also called by author as EZHEM) in the early universe say 5,00,000 years ago. Janglish shall be considered as the SOUL (mother nature) of ANGLISH. [M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. “JANGLISH” IS CHEMMOZHI?...(“RAMANUJAM LANGUAGE”). Researcher 2015;7(8):32-37]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7 Keywords: ENGLISH; dominant language; international business; global communication; global media; linguistics Ancestor; ANGLISH” (universal language) Presently there are thousands of languages exist and universal language originated from single origin. across the world. “ENGLISH” is considered as ANGLISH shall also be considered as Ethical dominant language of International business and global language of “Devas populations” (Angel race) who communication through influence of global media. If lived in MARS PLANET (also called by author as so who is the “linguistics Ancestor” of EZHEM) in the early universe say 5,00,000 years ago.
  • Descendants of the Anusim (Crypto-Jews) in Contemporary Mexico

    Descendants of the Anusim (Crypto-Jews) in Contemporary Mexico

    Descendants of the Anusim (Crypto-Jews) in Contemporary Mexico Slightly updated version of a Thesis for the degree of “Doctor of Philosophy” by Schulamith Chava Halevy Hebrew University 2009 © Schulamith C. Halevy 2009-2011 This work was carried out under the supervision of Professor Yom Tov Assis and Professor Shalom Sabar To my beloved Berthas In Memoriam CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................7 1.1 THE PROBLEM.................................................................................................................7 1.2 NUEVO LEÓN ............................................................................................................ 11 1.2.1 The Original Settlement ...................................................................................12 1.2.2 A Sephardic Presence ........................................................................................14 1.2.3 Local Archives.......................................................................................................15 1.3 THE CARVAJAL TRAGEDY ....................................................................................... 15 1.4 THE MEXICAN INQUISITION ............................................................................. 17 1.4.1 José Toribio Medina and Alfonso Toro.......................................................17 1.4.2 Seymour Liebman ...............................................................................................18 1.5 CRYPTO‐JUDAISM
  • In Puerto Rico, Michigan Reducing the Number of Credits and of Engineering, Respectively Agr

    In Puerto Rico, Michigan Reducing the Number of Credits and of Engineering, Respectively Agr

    CoHemis...update Overcoming through cooperation Founded with the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) December 1999 University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (UPRM) Vol. 9, No.1 CoHemis facilitates COHEMIS DELIVERS NEW COLLABORATIONS AND course in Uruguay RENEWS OLD CONTACTS IN CENTRAL AMERICA Nitrogen Fixation Module In the Office of the On July, 1999, the Foundation for Chancellor of Microbiology approved an $18,000 grant Guatemala’s for a Nitrogen Fixation Education Mod- University of San ule for Uruguay. The two-year proposal Carlos, CoHemis’ was submitted by Dr. Salvador Curbelo, codirectors Dr. Jorge Vélez-Arocho and Dr. a professor at Uruguay’s Universidad Luis Pumarada- La República, a CoHemis Consortium O’Neill receive USC member. The course’s main resource pins from Chancellor will be Dr. Eduardo Schroder, from the Efrain Medina and UPRM Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. Dean of Engineering Herbeth Miranda- As required by the Foundation, CoHe- Barrios. San Carlos mis will administer the funds as a free was founded in 1676 contribution to the project. by a decree of The 4-week course will be taught to Spain’s Charles II. undergraduate students the first year, and to graduate students in the second. It will alternate theory and laboratory ex- The co-directors of the CoHemis Rico Water Resources and Environmen- periences with visits to the innoculant Center, Drs. Luis Pumarada-O’Neill tal Research Institute, traveled to Central industry and agriculture research cen- and Jorge I. Vélez-Arocho, along with America in mid July, 1999. Drs. Puma- ters. The project will invite other ex- Dr.
  • Teoría Y Evolución De La Telenovela Latinoamericana

    Teoría Y Evolución De La Telenovela Latinoamericana

    TEORÍA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA TELENOVELA LATINOAMERICANA Laura Soler Azorín Laura Soler Azorín Soler Laura TEORÍA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA TELENOVELA LATINOAMERICANA Laura Soler Azorín Director: José Carlos Rovira Soler Octubre 2015 TEORÍA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA TELENOVELA LATINOAMERICANA Laura Soler Azorín Tesis de doctorado Dirigida por José Carlos Rovira Soler Universidad de Alicante Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Departamento de Filología Española, Lingüística General y Teoría de la Literatura Octubre 2015 A Federico, mis “manos” en selectividad. A Liber, por tantas cosas. Y a mis padres, con quienes tanto quiero. AGRADECIMIENTOS. A José Carlos Rovira. Amalia, Ana Antonia, Antonio, Carmen, Carmina, Carolina, Clarisa, Eleonore, Eva, Fernando, Gregorio, Inma, Jaime, Joan, Joana, Jorge, Josefita, Juan Ramón, Lourdes, Mar, Patricia, Rafa, Roberto, Rodolf, Rosario, Víctor, Victoria… Para mis compañeros doctorandos, por lo compartido: Clara, Jordi, María José y Vicent. A todos los que han ESTADO a mi lado. Muy especialmente a Vicente Carrasco. Y a Bernat, mestre. ÍNDICE 1.- INTRODUCCIÓN. 1.1.- Objetivos y metodología (pág. 11) 1.2.- Análisis (pág. 11) 2.- INTRODUCCIÓN. UN ACERCAMIENTO AL “FENÓMENO TELENOVELA” EN ESPAÑA Y EN EL MUNDO 2.1.-Orígenes e impacto social y económico de la telenovela hispanoamericana (pág. 23) 2.1.1.- El incalculable negocio de la telenovela (pág. 26) 2.2.- Antecedentes de la telenovela (pág. 27) 2.2.1.- La novela por entregas o folletín como antecedente de la telenovela actual. (pág. 27) 2.2.2.- La radionovela, predecesora de la novela por entregas y antecesora de la telenovela (pág. 35) 2.2.3.- Elementos comunes con la novela por entregas (pág.