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LA FRANCOPHONIE À La Portée De Tous Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė LA FRANCOPHONIE à la portée de tous MÉTHODE DE FRANCOPHONIE 2011, Vilnius UDK 811.133.1(075.8) Vi331 Recenzentai: Doc. dr. SNIEGUOLĖ LIBERIENĖ Doc. dr. RASA MATONIENĖ Doc. dr. IRINA MIKALKEVIČIENĖ Knyga apsvarstyta Vilniaus universiteto Filologijos fakulteto mokslo tarybos (2011 02 11; protokolo Nr. 4) ir rekomenduota spausdinti kaip studijų knyga bakalaurams ir magistrantams Knyga leidžiama įgyvendinant projektą „Aukštos kvalifikacijos vertėjų rengimo kokybės gerinimas ir plėtra“. Projektą vykdo Vilniaus universiteto Filologijos fa- kulteto Vertimo studijų katedra. © Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė, 2011 © Vilniaus universitetas, 2011 ISBN 978-9955-786-24-5 2 Remerciements Je souhaiterais accorder toute ma reconnaissance au doyen de la faculté des Let- tres de l’Université de Vilnius Antanas Smetona et à la directrice du Département d’Interprétation et de Traduction Mme Nijolė Maskaliūnienė pour leur contribution morale et matérielle tout au long de la rédaction de ce livre. Tous mes remerciements aux auteurs de sa critique – Mmes I. Mikalkevičienė, S. Liberienė (Université de Vilnius) et R. Matonienė (Université pédagogique de Vilnius) ainsi qu’à toute l’équipe du Département de Philologie française de l’Uni- versité de Vilnius avec Mme Genovaitė Dručkutė à sa tête. 3 4 MÉTHODE DE FRANCOPHONIE Table des matières Avant-propos ...........................................................................................................7 Chapitre I. Notions principales de la francophonie (avec une initiale minuscule) ..............................................................................................................9 1. Définitions et acceptions du motfrancophonie ..............................................9 2. Origine du mot francophonie et celle de France ..........................................12 3. Activités de vocabulaire thématique .............................................................15 Chapitre II. Notion de la Francophonie (avec une initiale majuscule) ..........19 1. Historique .....................................................................................................20 2. Structure de la Francophonie ........................................................................22 3. Activités de vocabulaire thématique ............................................................27 Chapitre III. Place du français dans le monde et la distribution des francophones .......................................................................................................33 1. Poids de la langue française dans le monde .................................................33 2. Distribution des francophones ......................................................................34 3. Francophonie en Lituanie .............................................................................38 4. Activités de vocabulaire thématique ............................................................42 Chapitre IV. Statut juridique du français .........................................................49 1. Français – langue officielle ...........................................................................50 2. Français – langue de culture .........................................................................53 3. Français – langue internationale ...................................................................54 4. Français – langue de travail ..........................................................................55 5. Français – langue étrangère/langue seconde ou langue d’enseignement .....55 6. Français – langue maternelle ........................................................................57 7. Activités de vocabulaire thématique .............................................................58 Chapitre V. Français en Europe ........................................................................64 1. Francophonie de l’Europe ............................................................................65 2. Français en Suisse .........................................................................................67 3. Français en Belgique ....................................................................................71 4. Français au Luxembourg ..............................................................................78 5. Français en Italie et dans les îles anglo-normandes ......................................79 6. Activités de vocabulaire thématique .............................................................81 5 Chapitre VI. Français d’Afrique .......................................................................90 1. Continent africain à travers les langues ........................................................91 2. Bref parcours géographique politico-linguistique ........................................93 2.1. États africains où le français est une langue officielle ou de facto officielle ........................................................................................................93 2.2. États africains où le français est couramment utilisé .......................... 111 2.3. Autres états africains membres de l’OIF ............................................. 114 3. Afrique et la francophonie .......................................................................... 119 4. Français d’Afrique, ses particularités. ........................................................120 5. Activités de vocabulaire thématique ...........................................................127 Chapitre VII. Français au Canada, en Louisiane et en Amérique centrale ...............................................................................................................136 1. Francophones en Amérique ........................................................................136 2. Le Canada et français canadien ..................................................................138 2.1. Québéc et français québécois ..............................................................141 2.2. Français acadien et terre-neuvien ........................................................154 3. Louisiane et français louisianais (cadien et créole louisianais) ..................155 4. Activités de vocabulaire thématique ...........................................................158 Chapitre VIII. Présence du français en Océanie, en Asie et dans l’Océan Indien .................................................................................................................166 1. Français en Océanie ....................................................................................167 2. Français dans l’Océan Indien .....................................................................177 3. Français en Asie ..........................................................................................179 4. Activités de vocabulaire thématique ...........................................................184 Chapitre IX. Outre-mer français .....................................................................191 1. Ex DOM-TOM français ..............................................................................191 2. Nouveau vocabulaire européen administratif accepté ................................192 3. Régions et territoires français d’outre-mer en fonction de leur ancien et nouveau statut .................................................................................................194 4. Activités de vocabulaire thématique ...........................................................205 Corrigés .......................................................................................................... 211 Questionnaire ......................................................................................................218 Bibliographie .......................................................................................................223 Sources d’Internet ...............................................................................................227 Annexe: tableaux ................................................................................................229 6 LA FRANCOPHONIE à la portée de tous MÉTHODE DE FRANCOPHONIE Avant-propos Avec ce livre didactique et culturel nous entamons un long, parfois controversé, mais toujours passionnant « parcours » à travers le monde de la francophonie. L’ouvrage est destiné avant tout aux apprenants universitaires du français langue étrangère FLE, c’est-à-dire aux philologues (ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui s’intéressent aux mouvements perpétuels de la vie des langues). C’est pourquoi l’information essentielle spécifique sur la francophonie qui y est fournie se superpose avec le matériel supplémentaire pédagogique portant sur la linguistique ainsi que sur l’ap- prentissage du français langue étrangère. La présente méthode comprend 9 chapitres, portant sur les thèmes, à notre avis, les plus importants de la francophonie: – les notions principales de la francophonie (avec une initiale minuscule et une initiale majuscule); – la place et le statut juridique du français dans le monde et la distribution des francophones; – les particularités du français sur tous les continents francophones (en Europe, en Afrique, en Amérique, en Océanie, en Asie). La structure de tous les neuf chapitres est identique: le matériel informatique – didactique des cours sur la francophonie est accompagné d’activités pédagogiques suivantes: 1. Activités de vocabulaire thématiques: mots – clés, activités lexicales, sémanti- ques: rubriques « à savoir », « le saviez-vous?», discussions, réponses
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