WORLD ARCHITECTURE 1900-2000: A CRITICAL MOSAIC VOLUME 3

NORTHERN EUROPE, CENTRAL EUROPE AND WESTERN EUROPE

General Editor: Kenneth Frampton Volume Editor: Wilfried Wang

bifid 3225 CHINA ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING PRESS

SpringerWienNewYork CONTENTS

Complimentary Remarks by Sara Topelson de Grinberg, Past President of the International Union of Architects (UIA) XI

Complimentary Remarks by Vassilis Sgoutas, President of the International Union of Architects (UIA) XII

Complimentary Remarks by Ye Rutang, President of the Architectural Society of China (ASC)

- A Recrord of 20th Century World Architecture XII

General Introduction by Kenneth Frampton XIV

Introductory Essay by Wilfried Wang XVH

Selected Buildings (in chronological order of years of design)

1900-1919 The Stock Exchange, Amsterdam, , 1885, 1898-1903, arch. Hendrik P. Berlage 4 House of the People, Brussels, Belgium, 1895-1899, arch. 6 Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, Scotland, 1896-1899, West Wing 1907-1909, arch. Charles Rennie Mackintosh Ernst Ludwig House, Darmstadt, , 1899-1900, arch. Josef Maria Olbrich Hvittrask House, Kikkonummi, Finland, 1901-1903, arch. H. Gesellius, A. Lindgren, E. Saannen St. John's Cathedral, Tampere, Finland, 1902-1907, arch. Lars Sonck Town Hall, Stockholm, , 1902, 1908-1923, arch. Ragnar Ostberg Post Office Savings Bank, Vienna, Austria, 1903-1906, 1910-1912, arch. Otto Wagner Railway Station, Helsinki, Finland, 1904, 1911-1919, arch. Eliel Saarinen Balasz Villa, Budapest, Hungary, 1905 , arch. Odon Lechner Palais Stoclet, Brussels, Belgium, 1905, 1906-1911, arch. Josef Hoffmann AEG Factory, , Germany, 1908-1909, arch. Peter Behrens Emile Jaques-Dalcroze Institute for Rhythmic Gymnastics, Hellerau, Germany, 1910, 1911-1912, arch. Heinrich Tessenow Fagus Works, Alfeld, Germany, 1911-1913, arch. Walter Gropius, Adolf Meyer Chemical Factory, Luban, , 1912, arch. Centennial Hall, Wroclaw, Poland, 1912-1913, arch. Max Berg Hodek's Apartment, Prague, Czech Republic, 1913, arch. Josef Chochol Town Hall Conversion and Extension, Goteborg , Sweden, 1913, 1934-1937, arch. Erik Gunnar Asplund The Woodland Cemetery, Stockholm, Sweden, 1915, 1926-1934, arch. Erik Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz Eigen Haard Housing Estate, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1917-1920, arch. Michel de Klerk Einstein Tower, Potsdam, Germany, 1919-1921, arch. Erich Mendelsohn 1920-1939

Hradcine, Prague, Czech Republic, 1920-1931, arch Jose Plecnik Garkau Farm, Garkau, Germany, 1924-1925, arch. Hugo Haring 54 Schroder House, Utrecht, Netherlands, 1924-1925, arch. 56 Town Hall, Hilversum, Netherlands, 1924, 1927-1930, arch. Willem Marinus Dudok 58 Hufeisen-Settlement, Berlin, Germany, 1925, arch. 60 Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany, 1925-1926, arch. Walter Gropius 62 Weissenhof Settlement, Stuttgart, Germany, 1925-1927, arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 64 Kiefhoeck Housing Estate, , Netherlands, 1925-1928, arch. Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud 66 Zonnestraal Sanatorium, Hilversum, Netherlands, 1926-1928, arch. Johannes Duiker 68 Karl-Marx-Hof-Housing, Vienna, Austria, 1927, arch. Karl Ehn 70 St. Antonius, Basel, Switzerland, 1927, arch. Karl Moser 72 Hotel Avion, Brno, Czech Republic, 1927-1928, arch. Bohuslav Fuchs 76 Romerstadt Settlement Estate, Frankfurt, Germany, 1927-1928, arch. Ernst May et al. 78 Van Nelle Factory, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1927-1929, arch. Michiel Brinkman et al. 82 Victorius Mother of God Votive Church of Saint Roch Parish, Biatystok, Poland, 1927-1944, arch. Oskar Sosnowski 86 Muller House, Prague, Czech Republic, 1928, 1929-1931, arch. Adolf Loos 88 Open Air School, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1928-1930, arch. Johannes Duiker 92 Federal School of the General German Trade Unions, Bernau, Germany, 1928-1930, arch. Hannes Meyer and Hans Wittwer 94 Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic, 1928-1930, arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 98 Machnac Sanatorium, Trencianske Teplice, Slovakia, 1929, 1930-1932, arch. Jaromir Krejcar 102 Dr. Beer House, Vienna, Austria, 1929-1931, arch. Josef Frank, Oskar Wlach and Oskar Wlach 104 Colonnade Bridge, Piest'any, Slovakia, 1929-1931, arch. Emil Bellus 106 Dammann House, , , 1930-1932, arch. Arne Korsmo 108 Boots' Factory, Nottingham, England, 1930-1933, arch. E. Owen Williams 112 Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, 1931, 1935-1941, arch. Kay Fisker, 114 C.F. M0llerand Povl Stegrnann Schwandbach Bridge, Hinterfultigen, Switzerland, 1933, eng. Robert Maillart 116 The Bellavista Housing Estate and the Bellevue Theater, Copenhagen, Denmark, 118 1933-1934, 1934-1935, arch. Arne Jacobsen Schunck Department Store, Heerlen, Netherlands, 1933-1935, arch. F. P. Josephus Peutz 122 Highpoint One, London, England, 1933-1935, arch. Berthold Lubetkin 126 Town Planning, Zlin, Czech Republic, 1933-1938, arch. Frantisek Lydie Gahura 128 and Vladimir Karfik Locomotive Factory, Malaxa, Bucharest, Romania, 1936-1938 arch. Horia Creanga 132 Municipal Court Building, , Poland, 1936-1939, arch. Bohdan Pniewski 134 Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, Denmark, 1936, 1937-1939, arch. Vilhelm Lauritzen 136 Workers' Association, Oslo (Norway), 1936, 1938-1940, arch. Ove Bang 138 Villa Mairea, Noormarkku, Finland, 1937-1939, arch. Alvar Aalto 140 Resurrection Chapel, Turku, Finland, 1938, 1939-1941 , arch. Erik Bryggman 142

1940-1959

Stuhmer Factory, Budapest, Hungary, 1941, arch. Olgyay & Olgyay 146 Central Department Store, Warsaw, Poland, : 1946-1950, arch. Zbigniew Ihnatowicz et al. 148 Reconstruction of the Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany, 1946- 1973, arch. Hans Dollgast Saynatsalo Town Hall, Saynatsalo, Finland, 1949, 1950-1952, arch. Alvar Aalto St. Anna's Church, Duren, Germany, 1951-1956, arch. Rudolf Schwarz Hochschule fur Gestaltung, Ulm, Germany, 1953-1956, arch. Max Bill Otaniemi University Chapel, Helsinki, Finland, 1954, 1955-1957, arch. Kaija & Heikki Siren Halen Settlement, Bern, Switzerland, 1955-1961, arch. Atelier 5 The Philharmonie, Berlin, Germany, 1956, 1960-1963, arch. Hans Scharoun Orphanage, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1957-1960, arch. Aldo van Eyck Luisiana Museum, Humlebaek, Denmark, 1958-1991, arch. J0rgen Bo & Vilhelm Wohlert

1960-1979

St. Petri Church, Klippan, Sweden, 1962, 1963-1969, arch. Sigurd Lewerentz New National Gallery, Berlin, Germany, 1962-1967, arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Crematorium and Urn Grove, Bratislava, Slovakia, 1962-1967, arch. Ferdinand Milucky Hafsteinhus - House at Bakkaflot, Gardahreppur, Iceland, 1963-1967, arch. Hogna Sigurdardottir-Anspach Olympic Stadium, Munich, Germany, 1967-1972, arch Gunther Behnisch with Frei Otto and Leonhardt + Andre St. Willibrord, Waldweiler, Germany, 1968, arch. Heinz Bienefeld Byker Housing, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, 1968, 1969-1981, arch. Ralph Erskihe Hedmark Cathedral Museum, Hamar, Norway, 1968-1988, arch. Sverre Fehn Medical Faculty, Woluve-St. Lambert, La Meme, Brussels, Belgium, 1969, 1970-1977, arch. Lucien Kroll Kulturhuset - Cultural Center, Stockholm, Sweden, 1970, arch. Peter Celsing Central Beheer Headquarters, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, 1970-1972, arch. Herman Hertzberger Bianchi House, Riva San Vitale, Switzerland, 1971, 1972-1973, arch. Mario Botta Municipal Museum, Monchengladbach, Germany, 1972, 1973-1975, arch. Hans Hollein New Parliament, Bonn, Germany, 1972, 1987-1992, arch. Gunther Behnisch Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church, Firhouse, Ireland, 1976-1978, arch. Shane de Blacam and John Meagher Urban Revitalization of Monte Carasso, Ticino, Switzerland, since 1977, arch. Luigi Snozzi Extension of the Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart, Germany, 1977, 1980-1983, arch. Stirling & Wilford Collino d'Oro School, Montagnola, Switzerland, 1978, 1982-1984, arch. Livio Vacchini

1980-1999

Myyrmaki Church and Parish Center, Helsinki, Finland, 1980, 1982-1984, arch. Juha Leiviska Airport, Stansted, England, 1981, 1987-1990, arch. Norman Foster Salzamt Restaurant, Vienna, Austria, 1981- 1983, arch. Hermann Czech Poleeni Cultural Center, Pieksamaki, Finland, 1982-1989, arch. Kristian Gullichsen et al. HebelstraBe Apartment Building, Basel, Switzerland, 1984-1988, arch. Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron Faculty of Journalism, Eichstatt University, Eichstatt, Germany, 1985-1987, arch. Karljosef Schattner HochstraBe Office Building, Basel, Switzerland, 1986-1988, arch. Diener & Diener Children's Day Care, Berlin, Germany, 1986-1988, arch. Alvaro Siza Braun Factory, Melsungen, Germany, 1986- 1992, arch. James Stirling etal. Kunsthall, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1988, 1990-1992, (arch. OMA 234 Jewish Museum, Berlin, Germany, 1989, 1991-1998, arch. Daniel Libeskind 238 La Congiunta, Giornico, Switzerland, 1990-1993, arch. Peter Markli 242 Academy of Arts and Architecture, Maastricht, Netherlands, 1990-1993, arch. Wiel Arets 244 Waterloo International Terminal, London, England, 1990-1993, arch. Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners 248

Nominatiors' Statements 250

Nominators' Statements Claes Caldenby (Goteborg) Neve Fuchs-Mikacs (Oslo) Otto Kapfinger (Vienna) Robert Maxwell (London) Akos Moravanszky (Zurich) Marja-Riitta Norri (Helsinki) Vladimir Slapeta (Prague)

Voting Summary 256

Biographical Notes 262

Index 308