3.1 Tibeto-Burman Languages 3.2 Indo-Aryan Languages and Others • Section 4
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A Comparative Study on Negative and Interrogative Transformation in English Andmangpahang Rai
A ComparativeA Study o A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE TRANSFORMATION IN ENGLISH ANDMANGPAHANG RAI nAndNegative Interroga A Thesis tive Transformationtive inEnglish a Submitted to the Department of English Educationin Partial fulfillment for Master of Education in English Submitted by ndMangpahangRai Hem JyotiRai T.U. Regd. No.: 6-1-202-529-2004 Exam Roll No.: 2140143 Academic Year: 2069/070 110 Faculty of Education Hem JyotiRaiHem 2016 Tribhuvan University Sukuna Multiple Campus, Koshiharaincha, Morang, Nepal 2016 DECLARATION I hereby declare to the best of my knowledge that this thesis is original; no part of it was earlier submitted for the candidature of the research degree to any University. Date: 5th April 2016Hem JyotiRai -23/12/2072 2 RECOMMENDATION FOR ACCEPTANCE This is to certify that Hem JyotiRai has prepared this thesis entitled „A Comparative Study on Negative and Interrogative Transformation in English and MangpahangRai‟ under my guidance and supervision. I recommend the thesis for acceptance. Date: 6th April 2016 ……………………… -24/12/2072Mr. Shankar Dewan Teaching Assistant Department of English Sukuna Multiple Campus, Morang 3 RECOMMENDATION FOR EVALUATION This thesis has been recommended for evaluation from the following „Research Guidance Committee.’ Mr.Guru Prasad Adhikari Lecturer and Head………………………… Department Head of English Chairperson Sukuna Multiple Campus, Morang Mr.Shankar Dewan(Guide) ………………………… Teaching Assistant Member Department of English Sukuna Multiple Campus, Morang Mr.BasudevDahal ………………………… Teaching Assistant Member Department of English Sukuna Multiple Campus, Morang Date:8th April 2016 -26/12/2072 4 DEDICATION Dedicated to My parents: Khobendra and Hari Maya Rai 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to extend my humble and sincere gratitude to my thesis supervisorMr.Shankar Dewan for his continual friendly co-operation, encouragement and inspiration to accomplish this thesis. -
Syntactic Aspects of Nominalization in Five Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Himalayan Area1
Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area Volume 31.2 — October 2008 SYNTACTIC ASPECTS OF NOMINALIZATION IN FIVE TIBETO-BURMAN LANGUAGES OF THE HIMALAYAN AREA1 Carol Genetti University of California, Santa Barbara Research Centre for Linguistic Typology A.R. Coupe Ellen Bartee Kristine Hildebrandt You-Jing Lin La Trobe University SIL SIUE UC Santa Barbara The goal of this paper is to describe some of the syntactic structures that are created through nominalization processes in Himalayan Tibeto-Burman languages and the relationships between those structures. These include both structures involving the nominalization of clauses (e.g. complement clauses, relative clauses) and structures involving the nominalization of verbs and predicates (e.g. the derivation of nouns and adjectives). We will argue that, synchronically, clausal nominalization, structurally represented as [clause]NP, is the basic structure underlying many of the nominalizing constructions in these languages, even though individual constructions embed and alter this structure in interesting ways. In addition to clausal nominalization, we will illustrate the presence of derivational nominalization, represented as [V-NOM]N and [V-NOM]ADJ, although some nominal derivations target the predicate, not the verb root as their domain. We will also demonstrate that derivational nominalization can be seen as having developed from clausal nominalization, at least for some forms in some languages, and that the opposite direction of development, from derivational to clausal structures, is also attested. We will conclude with some syntactic observations pertinent to recent claims made on the historical relationship between nominalization and relativization, demonstrating that there are various ways that these structures can be related. -
Diana Schackow: a Grammar of Yakkha (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 7) Aimée Lahaussois
Diana Schackow: A grammar of Yakkha (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 7) Aimée Lahaussois To cite this version: Aimée Lahaussois. Diana Schackow: A grammar of Yakkha (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 7). 2017, 10.1515/jsall-2017-0015. hal-01657466 HAL Id: hal-01657466 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01657466 Submitted on 6 Dec 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Book Review Diana Schackow. A grammar of Yakkha (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 7). Berlin: Language Science Press, 2015, xvi, 603 pp., ISBN 978-3-946234-11- 1 (Digital); 978-3-946234-12-8 (Hardcover); 978-3-946234-13-5 (Softcover). €70.00 (HB) Reviewed by Aimée Lahaussois, Laboratoire Histoire des Théories Linguistiques, UMR 7597 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Case 7034, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France, E- mail: [email protected] The book under review is a grammatical description of the Yakkha language, a Sino- Tibetan language of the Kiranti branch spoken in the Sankhuwa Sabha and Dhankuta districts of Eastern Nepal. The book is based on the author's dissertation, defended in 2014 at the University of Zurich. -
Map by Steve Huffman Data from World Language Mapping System 16
Tajiki Tajiki Tajiki Shughni Southern Pashto Shughni Tajiki Wakhi Wakhi Wakhi Mandarin Chinese Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Wakhi Domaaki Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Khowar Khowar Khowar Kati Yidgha Eastern Farsi Munji Kalasha Kati KatiKati Phalura Kalami Indus Kohistani Shina Kati Prasuni Kamviri Dameli Kalami Languages of the Gawar-Bati To rw al i Chilisso Waigali Gawar-Bati Ushojo Kohistani Shina Balti Parachi Ashkun Tregami Gowro Northwest Pashayi Southwest Pashayi Grangali Bateri Ladakhi Northeast Pashayi Southeast Pashayi Shina Purik Shina Brokskat Aimaq Parya Northern Hindko Kashmiri Northern Pashto Purik Hazaragi Ladakhi Indian Subcontinent Changthang Ormuri Gujari Kashmiri Pahari-Potwari Gujari Bhadrawahi Zangskari Southern Hindko Kashmiri Ladakhi Pangwali Churahi Dogri Pattani Gahri Ormuri Chambeali Tinani Bhattiyali Gaddi Kanashi Tinani Southern Pashto Ladakhi Central Pashto Khams Tibetan Kullu Pahari KinnauriBhoti Kinnauri Sunam Majhi Western Panjabi Mandeali Jangshung Tukpa Bilaspuri Chitkuli Kinnauri Mahasu Pahari Eastern Panjabi Panang Jaunsari Western Balochi Southern Pashto Garhwali Khetrani Hazaragi Humla Rawat Central Tibetan Waneci Rawat Brahui Seraiki DarmiyaByangsi ChaudangsiDarmiya Western Balochi Kumaoni Chaudangsi Mugom Dehwari Bagri Nepali Dolpo Haryanvi Jumli Urdu Buksa Lowa Raute Eastern Balochi Tichurong Seke Sholaga Kaike Raji Rana Tharu Sonha Nar Phu ChantyalThakali Seraiki Raji Western Parbate Kham Manangba Tibetan Kathoriya Tharu Tibetan Eastern Parbate Kham Nubri Marwari Ts um Gamale Kham Eastern -
Nepal Early Grade Reading Materials Assessment
NEPAL EARLY GRADE READING MATERIALS ASSESSMENT A Report Submitted to United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Nepal Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal Submitted by Research Management Cell (RMC) Kathmandu Shiksha Campus (KSC) Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal May 9, 2014 1 Study Team Core Team SN Name of the Consultant Position/Area of Expertise 1 Prof. Dr Prem Narayan Aryal Team Leader and Early Childhood Development Expert 2 Prof. Dr Yogendra Prasad Yadava Team Member and Linguist 3 Prof. Dr Ram Krishna Maharjan Team Member and Educationist 4 Prof. Dr Hemang Raj Adhikari Team Member and Nepali Language Subject Expert 5 Dr Sushan Acharya Team Member and Gender, Child and Social Inclusion Expert 6 Mr Karnakhar Khatiwada Team Member and Linguist 7 Mr Bhagwan Aryal Team Member and Educationist 8 Mr Shatrughan Prasad Gupta Project Manager and Educationist Advisory Input - Prof. Dr Basu Dev Kafle Subject Experts (Evaluators) SN Name of the Nepali Language Name of the Mother Tongue Language Subject Experts Subject Experts 1 Prof. Dr Hemang Raj Nepali Mr Surya Prasad Yadav Maithili Adhikari 2 Prof. Dr Madhav Bhattarai Nepali Mr Jeevan Kumar Maharjan Nepal Bhasa 3 Prof. Dr Kedar Sharma Nepali Mr Padam Rai Bantawa 4 Prof. Maheshwor Neupane Nepali Mr Purna Bahadur Gharti Magar Athara Magarat 5 Prof. Dr Sanat Kumar Wasti Nepali Mr Jai Prakash Lal Srivastav Awadhi 2 6 Dr Madhav Prasad Poudel Nepali Mr Khenpo Gyurme Tsultrim Mugali 7 Mr Diwakar Dhungel Nepali Ms Bagdevi Rai Chamling 8 Mr Ganesh Prasad Bhattarai Nepali Mr Krishna Raj Sarbahari Tharu 9 Mr Hari Prasad Niraula Nepali Mr Rajesh Prasad Sah Bajjika 10 Ms Rajni Dhimal Nepali Dr Lal-Shyãkarelu Rapacha Sunuwar 11 Prof. -
Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo
Asia No. Language [ISO 639-3 Code] Country (Region) 1 A’ou [aou] Iouo China 2 Abai Sungai [abf] Iouo Malaysia 3 Abaza [abq] Iouo Russia, Turkey 4 Abinomn [bsa] Iouo Indonesia 5 Abkhaz [abk] Iouo Georgia, Turkey 6 Abui [abz] Iouo Indonesia 7 Abun [kgr] Iouo Indonesia 8 Aceh [ace] Iouo Indonesia 9 Achang [acn] Iouo China, Myanmar 10 Ache [yif] Iouo China 11 Adabe [adb] Iouo East Timor 12 Adang [adn] Iouo Indonesia 13 Adasen [tiu] Iouo Philippines 14 Adi [adi] Iouo India 15 Adi, Galo [adl] Iouo India 16 Adonara [adr] Iouo Indonesia Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Russia, Syria, 17 Adyghe [ady] Iouo Turkey 18 Aer [aeq] Iouo Pakistan 19 Agariya [agi] Iouo India 20 Aghu [ahh] Iouo Indonesia 21 Aghul [agx] Iouo Russia 22 Agta, Alabat Island [dul] Iouo Philippines 23 Agta, Casiguran Dumagat [dgc] Iouo Philippines 24 Agta, Central Cagayan [agt] Iouo Philippines 25 Agta, Dupaninan [duo] Iouo Philippines 26 Agta, Isarog [agk] Iouo Philippines 27 Agta, Mt. Iraya [atl] Iouo Philippines 28 Agta, Mt. Iriga [agz] Iouo Philippines 29 Agta, Pahanan [apf] Iouo Philippines 30 Agta, Umiray Dumaget [due] Iouo Philippines 31 Agutaynen [agn] Iouo Philippines 32 Aheu [thm] Iouo Laos, Thailand 33 Ahirani [ahr] Iouo India 34 Ahom [aho] Iouo India 35 Ai-Cham [aih] Iouo China 36 Aimaq [aiq] Iouo Afghanistan, Iran 37 Aimol [aim] Iouo India 38 Ainu [aib] Iouo China 39 Ainu [ain] Iouo Japan 40 Airoran [air] Iouo Indonesia 1 Asia No. Language [ISO 639-3 Code] Country (Region) 41 Aiton [aio] Iouo India 42 Akeu [aeu] Iouo China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, -
31 October 2019
PROGRAM SCHEDULE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIGENOUS AND LESSER STUDIED LANGUAGES CENTRE FOR ENDANGERED LANGUAGES, TEZPUR UNIVERSITY 29 – 31 OCTOBER 2019 DAY I TUESDAY, 29 OCTOBER VENUE: CONFERENCE HALL, ROOM NO 11, G WING DEPARTMENT OF EFL, TEZPUR UNIVERSITY 2.00pm - 2.30pm REGISTRATION 2.30pm - 2.45pm INAUGURAL SESSION 2.45pm - 3.30pm SESSION I : Plenary Talk on Living in the shadow of English: prospects for the Gaelic group and lesson for the minority language condition Speaker: Prof Conchur O Giollagain Chair: Prof Prashant Kumar Das, Dean, School of HSS 3.30pm - 3.45pm Tea Break 3.45pm – 5.00pm TECHNICAL SESSION I – Morphology Venue: Room No 11, G Block Chair: TBA 3.45pm – 4.05pm Verbal Inflection in Molsom Pradip Molsom and Shyamal Das 4.05pm – 4.25pm Ambiguity in Manipuri Dhanapati Shougrakpam 4.25pm – 4.45pm Case Marker in Barman Thar Riju Bailung and Moyoor Sharma 4.45pm – 5.00pm Number of Bodo and Deuri: A Comparative Study Abu Bakkar Siddique and Md. Shajahan Ahmed 5.00pm – 6.00pm Screening of Island Voices Films by Gordon Wells followed by Discussion DAY II WEDNESDAY, 30 OCTOBER VENUE: CONFERENCE HALL, ROOM NO 11, G WING DEPARTMENT OF EFL, TEZPUR UNIVERSITY 9.30am -10.30am SESSION II : Plenary Talk on Raji Revitalization Program: Challenges and Learning Speaker: Prof Kavita Rastogi, University of Lucknow Chair: Prof Madhumita Barbora, Coordinator, CFEL, TU 10.30am – 10.45am Tea Break 10.45am - 12.45pm Technical Session II Phonetics and Phonology Syntax Venue: Room No 11, G Block Venue: Room No 08, G Block Chair: TBA Chair: TBA 10.45am- 11.05am A note on Syllable structure in Onaeme Structure of verbal negations in Kokborok Bobita Sarangthem Ashmita Dutta 11.05am – 11.25am Markedness, Laryngeal Neutralisation and the Case of Voiceless Positive Polarity Items in Nepali Sonorants in Hrangkhol Bhim Kumar Sharma Bipasha Patgiri 11.25am – 11.45am The Phoneme Inventory of Yimchunger Functions of Nominal constituents in Yimchunger I.D. -
Map by Steve Huffman Data from World Language Mapping System 16
Mandarin Chinese Evenki Oroqen Tuva China Buriat Russian Southern Altai Oroqen Mongolia Buriat Oroqen Russian Evenki Russian Evenki Mongolia Buriat Kalmyk-Oirat Oroqen Kazakh China Buriat Kazakh Evenki Daur Oroqen Tuva Nanai Khakas Evenki Tuva Tuva Nanai Languages of China Mongolia Buriat Tuva Manchu Tuva Daur Nanai Russian Kazakh Kalmyk-Oirat Russian Kalmyk-Oirat Halh Mongolian Manchu Salar Korean Ta tar Kazakh Kalmyk-Oirat Northern UzbekTuva Russian Ta tar Uyghur SalarNorthern Uzbek Ta tar Northern Uzbek Northern Uzbek RussianTa tar Korean Manchu Xibe Northern Uzbek Uyghur Xibe Uyghur Uyghur Peripheral Mongolian Manchu Dungan Dungan Dungan Dungan Peripheral Mongolian Dungan Kalmyk-Oirat Manchu Russian Manchu Manchu Kyrgyz Manchu Manchu Manchu Northern Uzbek Manchu Manchu Manchu Manchu Manchu Korean Kyrgyz Northern Uzbek West Yugur Peripheral Mongolian Ainu Sarikoli West Yugur Manchu Ainu Jinyu Chinese East Yugur Ainu Kyrgyz Ta jik i Sarikoli East Yugur Sarikoli Sarikoli Northern Uzbek Wakhi Wakhi Kalmyk-Oirat Wakhi Kyrgyz Kalmyk-Oirat Wakhi Kyrgyz Ainu Tu Wakhi Wakhi Khowar Tu Wakhi Uyghur Korean Khowar Domaaki Khowar Tu Bonan Bonan Salar Dongxiang Shina Chilisso Kohistani Shina Balti Ladakhi Japanese Northern Pashto Shina Purik Shina Brokskat Amdo Tibetan Northern Hindko Kashmiri Purik Choni Ladakhi Changthang Gujari Kashmiri Pahari-Potwari Gujari Japanese Bhadrawahi Zangskari Kashmiri Baima Ladakhi Pangwali Mandarin Chinese Churahi Dogri Pattani Gahri Japanese Chambeali Tinani Bhattiyali Gaddi Kanashi Tinani Ladakhi Northern Qiang -
A Comparative Study of Negation and Interrogation Between Yamphu and English Language
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEGATION AND INTERROGATION BETWEEN YAMPHU AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE A Thesis Submitted to the Department of English Education In Partial Fulfillment for the Master of Education in English Submitted By Basanti Thebe Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University Janta Multiple Campus Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal 2016 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEGATION AND INTERROGATION BETWEEN YAMPHU AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE A Thesis Submitted to the Department of English Education In Partial Fulfillment for the Master of Education in English Submitted By Basanti Thebe Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University Janta Multiple Campus Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal 2016 T.U. Regd No: 8363-92 Date of Approval of the Thesis Second Year Examination Proposal: 2072-10-15 (2016-1-29) Roll No: 2180034 (2067/2010) Date of Submission of the Thesis: Campus Roll No: 120 (2065/2008) 2072-12-25 (2016-4-7) 2 DECLARATION I hereby declare to the best of my knowledge that this thesis is original; no part of it was earlier submitted for the candidature of research degree to any university. Date: 2072-12-14 (2016-3-27) ……………………………… Basanti Thebe 3 RECOMMENDATION FOR ACCEPTANCE Date: 2072-12-18 This is to certify that Ms Basanti Thebe has prepared this thesis entitled A Comparative Study of Negation and Interrogation between Yamphu and English Language under my guidance and supervision. I recommend the thesis for acceptance. Date: 31st March 2016 Mr. Kamal Raj Dahal (Guide) Lecturer and Head Department of English Education 4 RECOMMENDATION FOR EVALUATION Date: 2072-12-30 This thesis has been recommended for evaluation by following "Research Guidance Committee." Mr. -
Tentative Program Schedule HLS23
TENTATIVE PROGRAM 23RD HIMALAYAN LANGUAGES SYMPOSIUM CENTRE FOR ENDANGERED LANGUAGES, TEZPUR UNIVERSITY 5 – 7 JULY 2017 DAY I WEDNESDAY 5 JULY VENUE: COUNCIL HALL, TEZPUR UNIVERSITY 09.00 - 10.00 Registration 10.00 - 11.00 INAUGURAL SESSION 10.00-10.15 Welcome Address by the Coordinator, 23rd HLS Organizing Committee 10.15-10.30 Introducing the theme of the Symposium 10.30-10.45 Inaugural Address by the Honourable Vice Chancellor, Tezpur University 10.45-10.50 Address by Dean, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tezpur University 10.50-11.05 Address by Prof. Van Driem 11.05-11.10 Vote of Thanks 11.10-11.30 Tea break 11.30-12.30 Keynote Address: Prof. George van Driem 12.30-01.30 SESSION- I Language and Linguistics Chair: K.V. Subbarao Venue: Council Hall 12.30-12.50 The Development and Implementation of a Writing System: Koĩc (Kiranti, Tibeto-Burman): Dorte Borcher 12.50-01.10 The Consequence of Code-Mixing the Adjective in NPs in Meiteilon-English: Tanmoy Bhattacharya 01.10-01.30 Raji: A Tibeto-Burman or Austro - Asiatic Language?: Kavita Rastogi 01.30-02.30 Lunch Break 02.30-03.30 Session II Venue: Department of EFL, HSS Building Acoustic Phonetics Syntax Ethnolinguistics Applied Linguistics Room No (to be announced) Room No (to be announced) Room No (to be announced) Room No (to be Chair: Temsunungsang T. Chair: Tanmoy Bhattacharya Chair: Hari Madhab Ray announced) Chair: Deepa Boruah 02.30-02.50 Acoustic analysis of the Nepali Tracing Burushaski through Tribal Development Boards and Influence of Assamese L2 plosives Case-marking -
Endangered Languages of Northeast India
ARUNACHAL INSTITUTE RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF TRIBAL STUDIES The foundation of the Ra- The Arunachal Society is multi-cul- jiv Gandhi University (Formerly tural and multi-lingual. Though the rich Arunachal University) was laid on assemblage of myriad cultures and lan- 4th February 1984 by Late Smt. Indi- guages of the state has attracted scholars ra Gandhi, the then Prime Minister and academics over the decades, very NatiONAL ONLINE SEMINAR little headway has been made in the pres- of India. JUNE 15 - 16, 2020 ervation, promotion and projection of their The University is located atop treasured cultural heritage, incredible in- Rono Hills on a picturesque table- Endangered Languages digenous knowledge system etc. land of 302 acres overlooking the of Realizing the great responsibility river Dikrong. The University was cast upon the University, the Center for Trib- converted into a Central University Northeast India al Studies was established with the man- date to run a regular M.Phil programme in with effect from 9th April 2007 as per addition to research programmes. notification of Ministry of Human Re- Prof. Tamo Mibang, who joined the Univer- source Development, Government sity, in the capacity as the Head of the De- of India. Since then Rajiv Gandhi partment of Tribal Studies on 18th August University (Formerly Arunachal Uni- 1995, initiated the activities of the Depart- versity) has carved a niche for itself ment. Thus, the Department came into ex- istence on 18th August 1995. in the educational scenario of the Since then,the department has un- country. The University has contin- dertaken many programmes to preserve, uously maintained its premier sta- promote, project ans sustain the rich her- tus among top hundred (100) edu- itage indigenous knowledge system, es- cational institutions in NIRF ranking pecially in the area of ethno medicine, across India. -
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY of MAGAR (As Spoken in Myagdi District)
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF MAGAR (As Spoken in Myagdi District) A thesis Submitted To The Central Department of Linguistics The Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences Tribhuvan University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for The master's degree in Linguistics By Kasi Raj Gautam Second year exam roll no. 5638 T.U. Regd. No. 1765-99 Central Department of Linguistics Kathmandu, Nepal 2010 Letter of recommendation Date: 2067 This is to certify that Mr. Kasi Raj Gautam has completed this dissertation on the topic A Sociolinguistic Study of Magar (As Spoken in Myagdi District) under my guidance and supervision. I recommend this dissertation for evaluation. ___________________________ Mr. Lekhnath Sharma Pathak Lecturer Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Nepal 2 Letter of Approval This is to certify that A Sociolinguistic Study of Magar (As Spoken in Myagdi District) a dissertation submitted by Mr. Kasi Raj Gautam in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's degree in Linguistics has been duly approved for acceptance. ______________________ Dissertation Supervisor ______________________ External Examiner ______________________ Head of the Department Date: 2067 3 Acknowledgements First of all, I am profoundly indebted to my respected supervisor Mr. Lekhnath Sharma Pathak, Lecturer of Central Department of Linguistics, T.U., Nepal for his scholarly and insightful guidelines, constant encouragement, co-operation and constructive suggestions for successful accomplishment of the present thesis. I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude and honor to Dr. Dan Raj Regmi, Head of Central Department of Linguistics. I am very much thankful to him for his valuable remarks, guidelines and insightful comments.