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Steven H. Newton KURSK the GERMAN VIEW
TRANSLATED, EDITED, AND ANNOTATED WITH NEW MATERIAL BY Steven H. Newton KURSK THE GERMAN VIEW Eyewitness Reports of Operation Citadel by the German Commanders Translated, edited, and annotated by Steven H. Newton DA CAPO PRESS A Member of the Perseus Books Group Copyright © 2002 by Steven H. Newton All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Designed by Brent Wilcox Cataloging-in-Publication data for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 0-306-81150-2 Published by Da Capo Press A Member of the Perseus Books Group http://www.dacapopress.com Da Capo Press books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the U.S. by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 11 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, or call (617) 252-5298. 12345678 9—05 04 03 02 CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi PART 1 Strategic Analysis of Operation Citadel Eyewitness Accounts by German Commanders 1 Operation Citadel Overview by General of Infantry Theodor Busse APPENDIX 1A German Military Intelligence and Soviet Strength, July 1943 27 Armeeabteilung Kempf 29 by Colonel General Erhard Raus APPENDIX 2A Order of Battle: Corps Raus (Special Employment), 2 March 1943 58 APPENDIX -
Switzerland in the Second World War
To Our American Friends: Switzerland in the Second World War By Dr. Hans J. Halbheer, CBE Honorary Secretary of the American Swiss Foundation Advisory Council in Switzerland and a Visiting Scholar at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California Dr. Halbheer wrote the following essay in 1999 to offer a Swiss perspective on some issues of the recent controversy to American friends of Switzerland. In addressing the arguments raised by U.S. critics of the role of Switzerland during the Second World War, I am motivated both by my feelings of friendship towards America and by my Swiss patriotism. For both of these reasons, I feel deeply hurt by both the charges against my country and the vehemence with which they have been expressed. During a recent period of residency at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, one of the leading U.S. think tanks, I sought to present my personal standpoint regarding the lack of understanding about Switzerland’s role during the Second World War in many discussions with Americans both young and old. On these occasions, I emphasized my awareness of the fact that the criticisms of Switzerland came only from a small number of Americans. Despite the settlement reached in August 1998 between the two major Swiss banks (Credit Suisse Group and UBS) and two Jewish organizations (the World Jewish Congress and the World Jewish Restitution Organization), the matter has still not run its course, although it has widely disappeared from the American media. Unfortunately, I must maintain that as a result of the generally negative portrayal of Switzerland over the past few years, the image of Switzerland has suffered. -
3. Claus Schenk Graf Von Stauffenberg Und Operation Walküre
DIPLOMARBEIT „Geschichte des Widerstandes in Film und Fernsehen“ Die Inszenierung der Stauffenberg-Thematik und das tatsächliche Ereignis des 20. Juli 1944 Verfasserin Marlies Bauer angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, Mai 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuerin / Betreuer: Doz. Dr. Clemens Stepina FÜR HELGA UND WILHELM BAUER Danksagung Vielen lieben Dank an meine Familie. Ich danke Isabella und meinem Vater Gerhard, meinem Bruder Oliver und meiner Oma Helga. Ein herzliches Dankeschön an Dr. Clemens Stepina für die großartige Betreuung. Danke an all meine lieben Freunde. Besonderen Dank für geduldiges Zuhören und spontanen Einsatz an: Jürgen Millautz, Kathleen Moser, Christian Podlipnig, Sabine Riedl, Davor Tadic, Magdalene Wyszecki und Oliver Zopper. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung..................................................................................................... 1 2. Umsturzpläne in der NS-Zeit: Der Weg hin zum Stauffenberg-Attentat....... 5 2.1. Exkurs - Die ersten einsamen Helden des zivilen Widerstandes - Maurice Bavaud und Georg Elser ..........................................................6 2.2. Stimmen aus den eigenen Reihen - der Beginn des militärischen Widerstandes .......................................................................................11 2.2.1. Die letzte Chance? Der Verschwörerkreis um Hans Oster ..........12 2.2.2. Eine Flasche Cognac für das Führerflugzeug..............................16 -
Vollmer, Double Life Doppelleben
Antje Vollmer, A Double Life - Doppelleben Page 1 of 46 TITLE PAGE Antje Vollmer A Double Life. Heinrich and Gottliebe von Lehndorff and Their Resistance against Hitler and von Ribbentrop With a recollection of Gottliebe von Lehndorff by Hanna Schygulla, an essay on Steinort Castle by art historian Kilian Heck, and unpublished photos and original documents Sample translation by Philip Schmitz Eichborn. Frankfurt am Main 2010 © Eichborn AG, Frankfurt am Main, September 2010 Antje Vollmer, A Double Life - Doppelleben Page 2 of 46 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface History and Interest /9/ Six Brief Profiles /15/ Family Stories I – Illustrious Forebears /25/ Family Stories II – Dandies and Their Equestrian Obsession /35/ Childhood in Preyl /47/ The Shaping of Pupil Lehndorff /59/ Apprenticeship and Journeyman Years /76/ The Young Countess /84/ The Emancipation of a Young Noblewoman /92/ From Bogotá to Berlin /101/ Excursion: The Origin, Life Style, and Consciousness of the Aristocracy /108/ Aristocrats as Reactionaries and Dissidents during the Weimar Period /115/ A Young Couple. Time Passes Differently /124/ A Warm Autumn Day /142/ The Decision to Lead a Double Life /151/ Hitler's Various Headquarters and "Wolfschanze” /163/ Joachim von Ribbentrop at Steinort /180/ Military Resistance and Assassination Attempts /198/ The Conspirators Surrounding Henning von Tresckow /210/ Private Life in the Shadow of the Conspiracy /233/ The Days before the Assassination Attempt /246/ July 20 th at Steinort /251/ The Following Day /264/ Uncertainty /270/ On the Run /277/ “Sippenhaft.” The Entire Family Is Arrested /285/ Interrogation by the Gestapo /302/ Before the People's Court /319/ The Escape to the West and Final Certainty /334/ The Farewell Letter /340/ Flashbacks /352/ Epilogue by Hanna Schygulla – My Friend Gottliebe /370/ Kilian Heck – From Baroque Castle to Fortress of the Order. -
Odgovornost Nemških Vojaških Poveljnikov Za Vojne Zločine V 2
UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE BORUT VALENČIČ ODGOVORNOST NEMŠKIH VOJAŠKIH POVELJNIKOV ZA VOJNE ZLOČINE V 2. SVETOVNI VOJNI DIPLOMSKO DELO LJUBLJANA 2004 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE AVTOR: BORUT VALENČIČ MENTOR: DOC. DR. DAMIJAN GUŠTIN ODGOVORNOST NEMŠKIH VOJAŠKIH POVELJNIKOV ZA VOJNE ZLOČINE V 2. SVETOVNI VOJNI DIPLOMSKO DELO LJUBLJANA 2004 ZAHVALA Pričujoče diplomsko delo je nastalo zaradi mojega velikega in neprestanega zanimanja za vojno tematiko. K pisanju me je nedvomno pritegnilo dejstvo, da je o temi malo zapisanega, nenazadnje pa tudi zanimiva dejstva o odgovornosti častnikov za storjene vojne zločine. Ob tem velja moja zahvala mentorju doktorju Damijanu Guštinu, ki mi je svetoval pri pravilni izbiri virov in me vodil skozi vsebino diplomskega dela. 1. UVOD................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. METODOLOŠKO-HIPOTETIČNI OKVIR.................................................................................................. 5 2. 1. OPREDELITEV PREDMETA PROUČEVANJA ……...………………………………………………..5 2. 2. CILJI PROUČEVANJA………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 2. 3. HIPOTEZE ………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 2. 4. METODE RAZISKOVANJA …………………………………………………………………………….6 3. OPREDELITEV TEMELJNIH POJMOV..................................................................................................... 7 4. POTEK DRUGE SVETOVNE VOJNE......................................................................................................... -
Order of Battle, Mid-September 1940 Army Group a Commander-In-Chief
Operation “Seelöwe” (Sea Lion) Order of Battle, mid-September 1940 Army Group A Commander-in-Chief: Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt Chief of the General Staff: General der Infanterie Georg von Sodenstern Operations Officer (Ia): Oberst Günther Blumentritt 16th Army Commander-in-Chief: Generaloberst Ernst Busch Chief of the General Staff: Generalleutnant Walter Model Operations Officer (Ia): Oberst Hans Boeckh-Behrens Luftwaffe Commander (Koluft) 16th Army: Oberst Dr. med. dent. Walter Gnamm Division Command z.b.V. 454: Charakter als Generalleutnant Rudolf Krantz (This staff served as the 16th Army’s Heimatstab or Home Staff Unit, which managed the assembly and loading of all troops, equipment and supplies; provided command and logistical support for all forces still on the Continent; and the reception and further transport of wounded and prisoners of war as well as damaged equipment. General der Infanterie Albrecht Schubert’s XXIII Army Corps served as the 16th Army’s Befehlsstelle Festland or Mainland Command, which reported to the staff of Generalleutnant Krantz. The corps maintained traffic control units and loading staffs at Calais, Dunkirk, Ostend, Antwerp and Rotterdam.) FIRST WAVE XIII Army Corps: General der Panzertruppe Heinric h-Gottfried von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel (First-wave landings on English coast between Folkestone and New Romney) – Luftwaffe II./Flak-Regiment 14 attached to corps • 17th Infantry Division: Generalleutnant Herbert Loch • 35th Infantry Division: Generalleutnant Hans Wolfgang Reinhard VII Army -
Die Adaptionen Des Attentats Vom 20. Juli 1944 in Ausgewählten Literarischen Werken Und Filmen
Die Adaptionen des Attentats vom 20. Juli 1944 in ausgewählten literarischen Werken und Filmen Kesić, Ana-Marija Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2016 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Filozofski fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:142:149677 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-02 Repository / Repozitorij: FFOS-repository - Repository of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Osijek Sveučilište J.J.Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Osijek Jednopredmetni diplomski studij njemačkog jezika i književnosti nastavničkog usmjerenja Ana-Marija Kesić Adaptacije atentata na Hitlera 20. srpnja 1944. u odabranim književnim djelima i filmovima Diplomski rad Mentor: prof.dr.sc. Željko Uvanović Osijek, 2016 Sveučilište J.J.Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Osijek Odsjek za njemački jezik i književnost Jednopredmetni diplomski studij njemačkog jezika i književnosti nastavničkog usmjerenja Ana-Marija Kesić Adaptacije atentata na Hitlera 20. srpnja 1944. u odabranim književnim djelima i filmovima Diplomski rad Humanističke znanosti, filologija, germanistika Mentor: prof.dr.sc. Željko Uvanović Osijek, 2016 J.-J.-Strossmayer-Universität in Osijek Fakultät für Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften Osijek Diplomstudium der deutschen Sprache und Literatur – Lehramt Ein-Fach-Studium Ana-Marija Kesić Die Adaptionen des Attentats vom 20. Juli 1944 in ausgewählten literarischen Werken und Filmen Diplomarbeit Mentor: prof.dr.sc. Željko Uvanović Osijek, 2016 J.-J.-Strossmayer-Universität in Osijek Fakultät für Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften Osijek Abteilung für deutsche Sprache und Literatur Diplomstudium der deutschen Sprache und Literatur – Lehramt Ein-Fach-Studium Ana-Marija Kesić Die Adaptionen des Attentats vom 20. -
1940 Commandés À Plusieurs Chantiers Navals Néerlandais, Seuls Quatre Exemplaires (T-61 À T-64) Doivent Être Poursuivis, Les Autres Seront Annulés
Appendice 1 Ordre de bataille de l’Armée Rouge sur le front au 1er juin 1943 (forces principales) (pour les deux Fronts Baltes – les indications pour les autres Fronts ne sont entièrement valables qu’à partir du 1er juillet) 1er Front de la Baltique (M.M. Popov) Du sud de Parnu (Estonie) au sud de Võru (Estonie). – 1ère Armée (A.V. Kourkine) – 4e Armée (N.I. Gusev) – 7e Armée (A.N. Krutikov) – 42e Armée (V.I. Morozov) – 12e Corps Blindé (V.V. Butkov) – 15e Corps Blindé (F.N. Rudkin) Aviation subordonnée : 13e Armée Aérienne (S.D. Rybalchenko) 2e Front de la Baltique (K.A. Meretskov) Du sud de Pskov (Russie) au nord de Vitebsk (Biélorussie). – 27e Armée (N.E. Berzarine) – 34e Armée (A.I. Lopatine) – 39e Armée (A.I. Zigin) – 55e Armée (V.P. Smiridov) – 13e Corps Blindé (B.S. Bakharov) – 14e Corps Blindé (I.F. Kirichenko) – 101e Brigade Blindée lourde Aviation subordonnée : 14e Armée Aérienne (I.P. Zhuravlev) 1er Front de Biélorussie (A.I. Eremenko) De Vitebsk (Biélorussie) à Orsha (Biélorussie) – 20e Armée (P.A. Kourouchkine) – 1ère Armée de la Garde (I.M. Chistiakov) – 3e Armée de la Garde (I.G. Zakharkine) – 63e Armée (V.I. Kuznetsov) – 18e Corps Blindé (A.S. Burdeiny) Aviation subordonnée : 2e Armée Aérienne (N.F. Naumenko) 2e Front de Biélorussie (I.S. Koniev) D’Orsha (Biélorussie) à Gomel (Biélorussie). – 2e Armée de la Garde (L.A. Govorov) – 29e Armée (I.M. Managrov) – 15e Armée (I.I. Fediouninski) – 54e Armée (S.V. Roginski) – 3e Armée de Choc (M.A. Purkayev) – 7e Corps Blindé (A.G. -
Deutsche Generäle in Britischer Gefangenschaft 1942–1945. Eine
289 Von vielen deutschen Generälen des Zweiten Weltkriegs sind häufig nur die Laufbahndaten bekannt; Briefe und Tagebücher liegen nur wenige vor. Für die For schung sind sie oft genug nur eingeschränkt zugänglich. So fällt es nach wie vor schwer, zu beurteilen, wie die Generale selbst die militärischen und politischen Geschehnisse der Zeit zwischen 1939 und 1945 rezipiert haben und welche Folgerungen sie daraus zogen. Wichtige Aufschlüsse über ihre Kenntnisse von den nationalsozialistischen Massenmorden oder ihr Urteil über den deutschen Widerstand gegen Hitler bieten jedoch die Abhörprotokolle deutscher Stabsoffiziere in britischer Kriegsgefangen schaft. Sönke Neitzel Deutsche Generäle in britischer Gefangenschaft 1942-1945 Eine Auswahledition der Abhörprotokolle des Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre UK Die deutsche Generalität hat sich der öffentlichen Reflexion über ihre Rolle wäh rend des Zweiten Weltkrieges weitgehend verschlossen. Das Bild, das sie vor allem in ihren Memoiren von sich selbst zeichnete, läßt sich verkürzt auf die Formel bringen: Sie hat einen sauberen Krieg geführt, hatte von Kriegsverbrechen größe ren Ausmaßes keine oder kaum Kenntnis, und die militärische Niederlage war zu einem Gutteil den dilettantischen Eingriffen Hitlers als Obersten Befehlshaber in die Kriegführung zuzuschreiben. Es erübrigt sich näher darauf einzugehen, daß dieses Bild von der Geschichts wissenschaft längst gründlich widerlegt worden ist. Aber nach wie vor wissen wir wenig darüber, wie die Generäle die Zeit zwischen 1939 und 1945 rezipiert haben, welche Kenntnis sie von den militärischen und politischen Geschehnissen hatten, die über ihren engen Arbeitsbereich hinausgingen, und welche Schlußfolgerungen sie hieraus zogen. Zur Durchleuchtung dieses Komplexes ist vor allem der Rück griff auf persönliche Quellen wie Briefe und Tagebücher notwendig, die allerdings nur von einem kleinen Personenkreis vorliegen und zudem oft auch nur beschränkt zugänglich sind, da sie sich in Privatbesitz befinden1. -
Operation Sealion: 24 September, 1940
OPERATION SEALION: 24 SEPTEMBER, 1940. STRATEGIC OVERVIEW Herr Hitler has decided, in light of the illogical Britischer refusal to come to peace terms, to proceed with the invasion of England. Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Runstedt has been appointed as Commander-in-Chief (CIC) of Heeresgruppe A , which is to land on the south-east coast of England, establish a bridgehead, capture at least two workable ports and airfields, eliminate all military opposition, and advance as far as the Second Operational Objective shown on the map below. The Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine will lend their support to the Army’s efforts… STRATEGIC MAP This is the overall picture of the general invasion area of Heeresgruppe A , consisting of 9 Armee & 16 Armee : In addition, you will be given more detailed maps (Ordnance Survey (OS) Series, 1 square = 1 kilometre) which are used to plan your deployments and attacks in more detail. ORDER OF BATTLE (see separate sheet for detailed orbats – all army units are elite , some are fanatics ): • 16.Armee — Generaloberst Ernst Busch (Demarcation Area East = Folkestone to Hastings) First Wave • XIII.Armee-Korps — General Heinrich-Gottfried von VietinghoffgenanntScheel . o 17.Infanterie-Division o 35.Infanterie-Division o Luftwaffe II./Flak-Regiment 14 • VII.Armee-Korps — Generaloberst Eugen Ritter von Schobert o 1.Gebirgs-Division o 7.Infanterie-Division o Luftwaffe I./Flak-Regiment 26 • Independent tank units: o Amphibious Tank Battalion A o Amphibious Tank Battalion B o Tank Detachment 100 (3 flammpanzer companies) o 4 StugIII panzerjaeger batteries o 4 Panzerjaeger I AT companies (1 per Division) o 1st Battalion Bau-Lehr-Regiment z.b.V. -
Kiev 1941: Hitler's Battle for Supremacy in the East
Kiev 1941 In just four weeks in the summer of 1941 the German Wehrmacht wrought unprecedented destruction on four Soviet armies, conquering central Ukraine and killing or capturing three-quarters of a million men. This was the battle of Kiev – one of the largest and most decisive battles of World War II and, for Hitler and Stalin, a battle of crucial importance. For the first time, David Stahel charts the battle’s dramatic course and after- math, uncovering the irreplaceable losses suffered by Germany’s ‘panzer groups’ despite their battlefield gains, and the implications of these losses for the German war effort. He illuminates the inner workings of the German army as well as the experiences of ordinary soldiers, showing that with the Russian winter looming and Soviet resistance still unbroken, victory came at huge cost and confirmed the turning point in Germany’s war in the east. David Stahel is an independent researcher based in Berlin. His previous publications include Operation Barbarossa and Germany’s Defeat in the East (Cambridge, 2009). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Kiev 1941 Hitler’s Battle for Supremacy in the East David Stahel Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107014596 c David Stahel 2012 This publication is in copyright. -
Abbreviations Used in Notes and Bibliography
Abbreviations Used in Notes and Bibliography AUA-M Air University Archive, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama ANL Archives Nationales Luxembourg BaB Bundesarchiv Berlin BaMF Bundesarchiv Militärarchiv Freiburg BaZnsA Bundesarchiv Zentralnachweisestelle Aachen GHM German History Museum Berlin HsaD Hauptstaatsarchiv Düsseldorf HasH Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover HSaM Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg HStAWi Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden HIADL Hoover Institute Archives, Stanford Library, Daniel Lerner Collection IWML Imperial War Museum London IfZM Institut für Zeitgeschichte München IMTN International Military Tribunal Nuremberg LaSaar Landesarchiv Saarland LaSpey Landesarchiv Speyer LWVH Landeswohlfahrtsverband Hessen MHAP Military Historical Archive, Prague NAA National Archives of Australia NAL National Archives Kew Gardens, London NAW National Archives Washington D.C. OKaW Österreichisches Kriegsarchiv Wein ÖStA Österreichisches Staatsarchiv Vienna PMGO Provost Marshall General’s Office (U.S.A) SaL Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg SaW Staatsarchiv Würzburg SAB State Archive Bydgoszcz, Poland TBJG Elke Frölich, Die Tagbücher von Joseph Goebbels: Im Auftrag des Institute für Zeitsgeschichte und mit Unterstützung des Staatlichen Archivdienstes Rußlands. Teil II Dikate 1941–1945 (Münich 1995–1996). WLC Weiner Library Collection 191 Notes Introduction: Sippenhaft, Terror and Fear: The Historiography of the Nazi Terror State 1 . Christopher Hutton, Race and the Third Reich: Linguistics, Racial Anthropology and Genetics in the Third Reich (Cambridge 2005), p. 18. 2 . Rosemary O’Kane, Terror, Force and States: The Path from Modernity (Cheltham 1996), p. 19. O’Kane defines a system of terror, as one that is ‘distinguished by summary justice, where the innocence or guilt of the victims is immaterial’. 3 . See Robert Thurston, ‘The Family during the Great Terror 1935–1941’, Soviet Studies , 43, 3 (1991), pp. 553–74.