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Odgovornost Nemških Vojaških Poveljnikov Za Vojne Zločine V 2

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Odgovornost Nemških Vojaških Poveljnikov Za Vojne Zločine V 2 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE BORUT VALENČIČ ODGOVORNOST NEMŠKIH VOJAŠKIH POVELJNIKOV ZA VOJNE ZLOČINE V 2. SVETOVNI VOJNI DIPLOMSKO DELO LJUBLJANA 2004 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE AVTOR: BORUT VALENČIČ MENTOR: DOC. DR. DAMIJAN GUŠTIN ODGOVORNOST NEMŠKIH VOJAŠKIH POVELJNIKOV ZA VOJNE ZLOČINE V 2. SVETOVNI VOJNI DIPLOMSKO DELO LJUBLJANA 2004 ZAHVALA Pričujoče diplomsko delo je nastalo zaradi mojega velikega in neprestanega zanimanja za vojno tematiko. K pisanju me je nedvomno pritegnilo dejstvo, da je o temi malo zapisanega, nenazadnje pa tudi zanimiva dejstva o odgovornosti častnikov za storjene vojne zločine. Ob tem velja moja zahvala mentorju doktorju Damijanu Guštinu, ki mi je svetoval pri pravilni izbiri virov in me vodil skozi vsebino diplomskega dela. 1. UVOD................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. METODOLOŠKO-HIPOTETIČNI OKVIR.................................................................................................. 5 2. 1. OPREDELITEV PREDMETA PROUČEVANJA ……...………………………………………………..5 2. 2. CILJI PROUČEVANJA………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 2. 3. HIPOTEZE ………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 2. 4. METODE RAZISKOVANJA …………………………………………………………………………….6 3. OPREDELITEV TEMELJNIH POJMOV..................................................................................................... 7 4. POTEK DRUGE SVETOVNE VOJNE.......................................................................................................... 8 4. 1. KRATKA ZGODOVINA NEMČIJE ......................................................................................................... 9 4. 2. KRVAVI DAVEK, KI GA JE TERJALA DRUGA SVETOVNA VOJNA............................................... 9 4. 3. NEMŠKI VOJAŠKI SISTEM................................................................................................................... 10 4. 4. VOJNI ZLOČINI NEMCEV MED DRUGO SVETOVNO VOJNO ....................................................... 12 4. 4. 1. NEMŠKA OKUPACIJSKA POLITIKA .......................................................................................... 12 4. 4. 2. POMOR IN ZLORABLJANJE PREBIVALSTVA NA ZASEDENEM OZEMLJU ..................... 14 4. 4. 3. ODVAJANJE MILIJONOV LJUDI IZ ZASEDENIH DEŽEL NA PRISILNO DELO............... 15 4. 4. 4. POBIJANJE IN MUČENJE VOJNIH UJETNIKOV.................................................................... 15 4. 4. 5. POBIJANJE IN TRPINČENJE CIVILNEGA PREBIVALSTVA................................................. 16 4. 4. 6. ROPANJE JAVNEGA IN ZASEBNEGA PREMOŽENJA............................................................ 17 4. 4. 7. POLITIKA PRISILNEGA DELA.................................................................................................... 17 4. 4. 8. RAZDEJANJE VELIKIH IN MAJHNIH MEST IN VASI BREZ VOJAŠKO UTEMELJENE NUJE ............................................................................................................................................................ 18 4. 4. 9. PONEMČEVANJE ZASEDENIH POKRAJIN.............................................................................. 19 5. NEMŠKI VOJAŠKI POVELJNIKI, OBTOŽNICE IN SODBE ZOPER NJIH....................................... 21 5. 1. HERMANN WILHELM GÖRING .......................................................................................................... 28 5. 2. WILHELM BODEWIN JOHANN GUSTAV KEITEL .......................................................................... 29 5. 3. ALFRED JODL ....................................................................................................................................... 30 5. 4. ERICH RAEDER..................................................................................................................................... 30 5. 5. KARL DÖNITZ........................................................................................................................................ 31 6. KRIVDA ALI NEKRIVDA POSAMEZNIH OBTOŽENCEV TER OBSODBE NA GLAVNEM NÜRNBERŠKEM PROCESU ........................................................................................................................... 31 6. 1. HERMANN WILHELM GÖRING .......................................................................................................... 32 6. 2. WILHELM BODEWIN JOHANN GUSTAV KEITEL ........................................................................... 33 6. 3. ALFRED JODL ........................................................................................................................................ 33 6. 4. ERICH RAEDER...................................................................................................................................... 34 6. 5. KARL DÖNITZ........................................................................................................................................ 34 6. 6. SODBA GENERALŠTABU IN VRHOVNEMU POVELJSTVU NEMŠKE VOJSKE.......................... 35 6. 7. LOČENO MNENJE SOVJETSKEGA SODNIKA .................................................................................. 36 7. SODNI PROCES ZOPER FELDMARŠALA ALBERTA KESSELRINGA............................................. 36 8. SODNI PROCES PROTI GENERALOMA EBERHARDU VON MACKENSENU IN KURTU MAELZERJU ..................................................................................................................................................... 38 9. SODNI PROCES ZOPER GENERALA ANTONA DOSTLERJA............................................................ 39 10. SODNI PROCES ZOPER FELDMARŠALA WILHELMA LISTA IN ENAJST DRUGIH VISOKIH NEMŠKIH VOJAŠKIH POVELJNIKOV ....................................................................................................... 42 10. 1. FELDMARŠAL WILHELM LIST......................................................................................................... 43 10. 2. GENERAL WALTER KUNTZE............................................................................................................ 44 10. 3. GENERAL HERMANN FÖRTSCH ...................................................................................................... 45 10. 4. GENERAL KURT VON GEITNER....................................................................................................... 46 10. 5. GENERAL LOTHAR RENDULIC........................................................................................................ 47 10. 6. GENERAL ERNST DEHNER ............................................................................................................... 48 10. 7. GENERAL ERNST VON LEYSER....................................................................................................... 49 10. 8. GENERAL HELMUTH FELMY ........................................................................................................... 50 10. 9. GENERAL HUBERT LANZ.................................................................................................................. 50 10. 10. GENERAL WILHELM SPEIDEL ..................................................................................................... 51 11. SODBA WILHELMU LISTU IN OSTALIM OBTOŽENIM GENERALOM ....................................... 51 12. PROCES ZOPER FELDMARŠALA WILHELMA VON LEEBA IN TRINAJSTIH DRUGIH NEMŠKIH VOJAŠKIH POVELJNIKOV – »PROCES VRHOVNEGA POVELJSTVA«......................... 54 12. 1. OBTOŽNICA ZOPER WILHELMA VON LEEBA IN TRINAJST DRUGIH NEMŠKIH ČASTNIKOV .......................................................................................................................................................................... 55 12. 2. FUNKCIJE, KI SO JIH V NEMŠKI VOJSKI OPRAVLJALI OBTOŽENI NEMŠKI ČASTNIKI ...... 55 12. 3. DOKAZI TOŽILSTVA, KI SE NANAŠAJO NA DRUGO TOČKO OBTOŽNICE – VOJNE ZLOČINE ......................................................................................................................................................... 57 12. 3. 1. UKAZ O KOMISARJIH ................................................................................................................ 58 12. 3. 2. SODNI UKAZ BARBAROSSA..................................................................................................... 60 12. 3. 3. UKAZ O KOMANDOSIH (PRIPADNIKIH POSEBNIH ENOT) IN UKAZ NOČ IN MEGLA 62 12. 3. 4. UKAZ O ZAJEMANJU TALCEV IN POVRAČILNIH UKREPIH............................................. 63 12. 3. 5. DOKAZNO GRADIVO V ZVEZI S TAKO IMENOVANIM PROTIPARTIZANSKIM VOJSKOVANJEM....................................................................................................................................... 63 12. 3. 6. MORITVE IN NEČLOVEŠKO RAVNANJE Z VOJNIMI UJETNIKI....................................... 64 13. SODBA FELDMARŠALU WILHELMU VON LEEBU IN TRINAJSTIM DRUGIM NEMŠKIM ČASTNIKOM ..................................................................................................................................................... 66 14. SODNI PROCES ZOPER GENERALA ALEXANDRA LÖHRA IN ŠTIRI DRUGE GENERALE NEMŠKE VOJSKE PRED VOJAŠKIM SODIŠČEM V BEOGRADU ........................................................ 67 15. SODNI PROCES ZOPER GENERALA LUDWIGA KÜBLERJA IN HANSA VON HÖSSLINA...... 71 16. OBSODBE ŠE NEKATERIH POMEMBNEJŠIH NEMŠKIH VOJAŠKIH POVELJNIKOV............. 74 17. PROBLEM PRESTAJANJA KAZNI NEKATERIH OBSOJENIH NEMŠKIH VOJAŠKIH POVELJNIKOV ................................................................................................................................................
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