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Family: Salicaceae Taxon: Dovyalis caffra Synonym: Aberia caffra Hook. f. & Harv. (basionym) Common Name: kei apple wild apricot Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Assessor Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Assessor WRA Score 6 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 y 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 11/20/2013 Dovyalis caffra (Salicaceae) Page 1 of 8 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 3 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 n 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 6 Print Date: 11/20/2013 Dovyalis caffra (Salicaceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 2008. National Research Council. Lost Crops of [Is the species highly domesticated? No evidence] "There are few established Africa. Volume III: Fruits. National Academies superior cultivars, but many good ones could be quickly developed by selecting Press, Washington, D.C. from wild or seedling populations." 102 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1988. FAO. Traditional Food Plants: A Resource [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Indigenous to Book for Promoting the Exploitation & southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya and Zambia." Consumption of Food Plants in Arid, Semi-arid & Sub-humid Lands of Eastern Africa. Food & Nutrition Paper 42. Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, 202 1988. FAO. Traditional Food Plants: A Resource [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Book for Promoting the Exploitation & Consumption of Food Plants in Arid, Semi-arid & Sub-humid Lands of Eastern Africa. Food & Nutrition Paper 42. Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, 203 1987. Morton, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Kei [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "The kei apple is Apple (Dovyalis caffra). J.F. Morton, Miami, FL subtropical; does poorly at sea-level in the Philippines but thrives at and above http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/kei_a 2,600 ft (800 m). Introductions have failed to survive in Malaya. In Florida, the pple_ars.html [Accessed 15 Nov 2013] plant has been grown in a small way as far north as Gainesville, enduring brief drops in temperature to 20º F (-6.67º C) but descents to 16º F (-8.80º C) have been lethal in this state and in California." 203 1988. FAO. Traditional Food Plants: A Resource [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Common from 800- Book for Promoting the Exploitation & 1200 m, but found up to 2450 m in Kenya." [Environmental versatility - elevation Consumption of Food Plants in Arid, Semi-arid & range exceeds 1000 m] Sub-humid Lands of Eastern Africa. Food & Nutrition Paper 42. Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, 203 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kindt, R./Jamnadass, [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Altitude: 200-2450 m, R./Simons, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree Mean annual rainfall: 1500-3000 mm, Mean annual temperature: 11 31 deg.C" reference and selection guide version 4.0. World [Environmental versatility - elevation range exceeds 1000 m] Agroforestry Centre, (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/) 204 1988. FAO. Traditional Food Plants: A Resource [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Book for Promoting the Exploitation & "Indigenous to southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya and Consumption of Food Plants in Arid, Semi-arid & Zambia." Sub-humid Lands of Eastern Africa. Food & Nutrition Paper 42. Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, 205 1987. Morton, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Kei [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Apple (Dovyalis caffra). J.F. Morton, Miami, FL range? Yes] "It is cultivated in the Transvaal. In 1838, it was introduced into http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/kei_a England and from there distributed to Egypt, Algeria, southern France and Italy, pple_ars.html [Accessed 15 Nov 2013] the Philippines, northwestern Australia, Jamaica, southern California and Florida." 205 2008. Janick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Encyclopedia of [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishing, Wallingford, UK range? Yes] "…widely cultivated for its edible fruit and as an impenetrable spring hedge when planted close together. The plants have become naturalized in southern Africa. It has been grown in England and Australia since 1878 and is now grown as a garden plant in Israel." 301 1997. Benson, D./McDougall, L.. Ecology of [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] ""Conservation: Occasionally naturalised, Sydney Plant Species. Part 5. Dicotyledon often persisting around old habitations" families Flacourtiaceae to Myrsinaceae. Cunninghamia. 5(2): 330-544. 301 2013. Hyde, M.A./Wursten, B.T./Ballings, P.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Trees are often planted as hedge plants Flora of Zimbabwe: Cultivated Plants: Species and for the edible fruits and have become naturalised in many areas outside their information: Dovyalis caffra. natural habitats, usually close to habitation. " http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/speci es.php?species_id=140800 [Accessed 19 Nov 2013] Print Date: 11/20/2013 Dovyalis caffra (Salicaceae) Page 3 of 8 302 2012. Queensland Government. Waterwise Plant [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? Possibly. Impacts unspecified] "This plant is Selector - Kei Apple (Dovyalis caffra). considered a weed in some parts of Queensland. Check with your local Council http://www.nrm.qld.gov.au/waterwise/plantselector/before planting." details.php?plant_id=1785 [Accessed 20 Nov 2013] 302 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? Listed as a weed of unspecified impacts] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 304 2003. Hacker, B.. Kei apple – Dovyalis caffra – [Environmental weed? Potentially] "Driving through the Moggill area recently, I yet another thorny weed?. The Node Newsletter noted several shrubs which were clearly flourishing in the drought and also did not of BRAIN — The Brisbane Rainforest Action & appear to be native. At the Queensland Herbarium a specimen was identified for Information Network. 24: 5. me as Dovyalis caffra, the kei apple (kei pronounced as in ‘my’). Several shrubs were fruiting heavily, whereas others lacked fruit. I am told that there is one area near Moggill where this species has formed a thicket, and it appears to be in the early stages of naturalisation.
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  • Diversity and Evolution of Rosids

    Diversity and Evolution of Rosids

    *Malpighiales • large and diverse group of 39 families - many of them Diversity and contributing importantly to tropical Evolution of Rosids forest diversity . willows, spurges, and maples . *Salicaceae - willows, poplars *Salicaceae - willows, poplars Chemically defined by salicins (salicylic acid). Many 55 genera, 1000+ species of shrubs/trees - 450 are willows members of the tropical “Flacourtiaceae” with showy flowers (Salix), less numerous are poplars, aspens (Populus). also have salicins and are now part of the Salicaceae Populus deltoides - Salix babylonica - Dovyalis hebecarpa Oncoba spinosa American cottonwood weeping willow 1 *Salicaceae - willows, poplars *Salicaceae - willows, poplars Willows (Salix) are dioecious trees of temperate regions with female male • nectar glands at base of bract allows reduced flowers in aments - both insect and wind pollinated insect as well as wind pollination • fruit is a capsule with cottony seeds for wind dispersal female male Salix babylonica - weeping willow *Salicaceae - willows, poplars *Salicaceae - willows, poplars • species vary from large trees, shrubs, to tiny tundra subshrubs • many species are “precocious” - flower before leaves flush in spring Salix discolor - pussy willow Salix herbacea - Salix pedicellaris - Salix fragilis - dwarf willow bog willow crack willow 2 *Salicaceae - willows, poplars *Salicaceae - willows, poplars Populus - poplars, cottonwood, aspens male • flowers possess a disk • cottony seeds in capsule female Populus deltoides American cottonwood Populus deltoides - American cottonwood *Salicaceae - willows, poplars *Salicaceae - willows, poplars Populus balsamifera Balsam poplar, balm-of-gilead P. tremuloides P. grandidentata trrembling aspen bigtooth aspen • aspens are clonal from root sprouts, fast growing, light Populus alba wooded, and important for White poplar pulp in the paper industry Introduced from Europe 3 *Euphorbiaceae - spurges *Euphorbiaceae - spurges Euphorbiaceae s.l.