Medeola Virginiana L. Indian Cucumber-Root

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Kasey Hartz Natural Area Reference Sheet Medeola virginiana L. Indian Cucumber-root LILIACEAE (Lily Family) Blooming season: May-June Plant: Unbranched perennial, 30-75 cm high; rhizome 2.5-7.5 cm long Leaves: 2 leaf whorls - the upper at top of stem, the lower halfway up. Upper: usually 3 short petioled or sessile leaves 2.5-5 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm wide; by fall stained deep red in center. Lower: 5-11 sessile leaves 5-13 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide. Leaves 3-5 nerved, narrowed at base, apex tapered to a point; persisting through fall. Flower: Yellow to greenish yellow, 1 cm. Drooping from pedicel about 1 cm long, becoming erect in fruit. 3 equal perianth segments, recurved, with 3 recurved styles. Terminal umbels of 2-9 flowers. Fruit: Dark purplish black berry, 0.6-1.2 cm in diameter. Ripens in September. Can be confused with: Trientalis borealis, Starflower, which has only one tier of whorled leaves. Geographic range: Type specimen location: Along creek valley path. State: Throughout lower peninsula and eastern half of upper. Regional: Quebec to Minnesota, south to Florida and Iowa. Kasey Hartz Natural Area Reference Sheet Medeola virginiana L. 2 Indian Cucumber-root Habitat: Local: Riparian. Regional: “Usually in moist or swampy woods...less often in oak or pine woods.” Voss 1972, p.405. Common local companions: Starflower, maples, and pine. Usages: Human: For Native Americans the rhizome was a minor source of food, reportedly tasting cucumber-like, and used medicinally: various dried plant parts were prepared as an infusion given to colicky babies and to adults as a mild diuretic (Millspaugh 1892, 1974). Why is it called that? Medeola: “Because of its medicinal properties” (Smith 1966) it was supposedly named for the mythical sorceress Medea. The genus name, virginiana, means “of Virginia”, perhaps where the type specimen came from. Indian cucumber-root for the crisp texture and cucumber-like taste of the rhizome, and its usage by Native Americans as a vegetable. Prepared by: Barbara Lukacs Grob December 2007 .

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