DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Survey 1994/01

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Ecoomic Suey 119 osecs 3 Ieaioa ecoomy 5 owegia ecoomy 7 vlpnt n 7 1993 Otl fr 199 nd 1995 9 En pl 1 Ecoomic oicy caea 1993 22 Aei tnl nt fr r 3 ew eseac uicaios i Egis 5 h t ff dt fr nfrtn d n th pbltn 2 brr 4. Eioia oa Olv jrhlt (d rtn Ådn Cppln Olv jn Øtn Oln r Slnd Eioia assisas Wnh rz (rtl bth r (n rv esig Enz nr n i lh rttr Eioia aess Sttt r rh prtnt O x 131 p -33 Ol l + 7 / 9 7 lfx + 7 11 1 3 Ecoomic Suey pblhd fr t r b th rh prtnt f Sttt r h rh - prtnt tblhd n 195 h prtnt h bt 9-1 pl (b 199 h rh prtnt td rnzd n fr dvn d f prtnt Olv jrhlt. • vn fr bl En • Mrn vn rtr f rh Olv jn rtr f rh Adn Cppln - bl n tx - n l nl - br rt nl - Mrn dl - Mr ltn dl - Gnrl lbr dl • trl r vn • Mrntr vn rtr f rh Knt . Alfn rtr f rh hn K. v - Envrnntl n - Cnr nd prdr bhvr - Intrntnl nr rt - In dtrbtn nl - trl nd nr nl - Entr thd Symos i aes Symo t nt vlbl t fr pbltn l rvnl r prlnr fr ,, 2 Economic Survey 1194 En rv 1993 Ecoomic Suey osecs At th trt f 199 thr r lr n f rvr n th rn n- ftr th vrt nd t prtrtd rn n th Snd Wrld Wr Add b btntl ntrt rt fll nlnd dnd pd p thrht 1993 h ttn n th lbr rt l d ht brhtr trd th nd f lt r nd pr nd t n r rn n l prd trnd Aprt fr th ntrt rt fll n trn Erp dv- lpnt n th rld n hv d dt ntrbtn t th rv- r S fr pt t rth h bn prvdd b ff-hr nvtnt nd x- pnnr fl pl bt prvt nptn nd nvtnt n th n- lnd tr r n tn vr h dvlpnt rltd t rdl prvnt n th fnnl ttn f ntrpr nd hhld ftr th brrn pr n th d-19 Mrvr th lvl f lbr t n r h rpdl nvrd n th lvl n t trdn prtnr n th t t fr rn nftrr t bnft fr th dt dnd rth nd l t prtpt n th ntr- ntnl rvr tht dl xptd vr thr r btl In ddtn t ntnd nrtnt bt th n- trntnl rvr th rtt nrtnt fr th rn n tth t th l pr nd th t th z f ptrl rnn hd h xtnv dvlpnt f th ptrl tr nd th fl pl xpnn d pbl b th btntl l rvn rn t th tt hv ntr- btd btntll t ntnn th lvl f tvt n th rn n- h pl h nrrntl nrd r l-dpndn vlpnt f th l tr h thrt r nt th frt rn f l-xprtn ntr- h vlnrbl ptn ntln rt r xpr fr hh-t pr- dr Expr n rnt r h bn xrbtd b th lbrltn f - ptl vnt n th ndtrld rld t hh r bln Ex ppl n th l rt nd nrtnt bt OEC rl n th prd hd d th rl pr f l t fll trd th lt lvl fr tnt r rnd th nd f 1993 n r l prdtn p n- d th th lt-vr rl pr f l In th d tr lbl dnd fr l p p nd ntrbt t hhr pr nd n fr ntr th l rrv rnn vr n th lnr tr th ptrl tr n- trbtn t th rn n ll b rdd rrdl nd th vrn- nt t b r thr n pnt fr th fll-ff f rvn h nd ld n tp f th vrnnt nrd pnn bltn - td th th n f th ppltn 3 Ecoomic suey 1993 Economic Survey 1/94 l pr ll ntrbt t dnn n lrd btntl ntrl vrn- nt dft nd thrb rndr fl djtnt vn r dndn h ptrn n th rn n nt prtlrl trn fr th t bn nd ntnd nl drvn b dt fr n th thrt f dfflt h rrd h th hld rt f l pr rn l ltr n th prn A fl ntrtn dpn th rvr On th thr hnd th rn xhn rt r ntrt rt ndr prr f th thrt rn pv A r bnt rvr ntrntnll ll rv r ll n th ttn vr r trd t rt xtnt th th l rpdl xpndn ndtrld n f th rld nd t nl- bl xtnt drtd trd th n brnn ndtrld n thr th EEA rnt nr th n GA rnt ll hn th pt- trn n th hrt tr h rnt ntll hrld frthr lbrltn f trd n d nd rv nd nrd blt f ptl nd lbr h rtr rrnt f pttvn r r nd ndtr h trdtnl prttv r njd b rn r nd nd- tr ll rdll l thr nfn nd prdt dvlpnt ptl t nd ndtn f p nd plnt ll r nrd nfn fr pttvn Indtr bd n ntrl rr ll ntn t prvd pttv dvnt n thr n r bt ll nt b vlbl t pprt thr rl tvt t th xtnt t prnt pt prhnv lbr-rt r nd rrd nbr f t- dnt pl nplnt rnnn t htrll vr hh lvl n r th th hh nplnt lvl nd th dln n th r fr n rnt r vdn btntl bln n th lbr rt d th rth n th nbr f ln-tr npld In th ttn thr lttl frt n th nld tht nplnt btntll lr n r thn n n thr Erpn ntr It rn t b n hthr th hn n ntrntnl frr ndtn nd ht rtr nt n th n n fltt rtrn t rlr lvl f nplnt hr r hrdl d rnd fr pt n th rpt fr th r dtl hd 4 Economic Survey 1/94 Ecoomic suey 1993 Ieaioa ecoomy Although economic growth in other parts of the world eco- resumed an upward trend, partly because of the upswing in nomy, especially Asia, was buoyant in 1993, the OECD the economy. Forecasts point towards a short-term interest countries were in the throes of a serious recession. GDP rate level of almost 4 per cent in the second half of 1994, growth from 1992 to 1993 in the OECD as a whole is put while long rates will probably remain at around 6 per cent. at just under 1 per cent. However, the economic situation varied widely from area to area. Whereas the US economy Japan is in the throes of an unusually deep recession. The showed clearer signs of recovery throughout last year, the weakness displayed by the economy is primarily due to the EU countries combined experienced their weakest econo- decline in domestic demand, accompanied by a marked mic growth since the Second World War. Close to zero drop in private investment after several years of over-in- growth in the Japanese economy also contributed to pul- vestment and property- and asset-price inflation. Private ling down total growth in the OECD area. The outlook for consumption also showed sluggish growth, partly as a re- the western industrialised countries in 1994 is somewhat sult of a weak income trend. Exports have been checked in brighter: continued low interest rates in the US and Japan recent years by the appreciation of the yen; in volume and falling rates in Europe will stimulate economic activi- terms exports expanded by a mere 1 per cent between ty. However, growth will be moderate, and unemployment 1992 and 1993, which is a very low figure by Japanese - which in the OECD as a whole rose above 35 million per- standards. Nevertheless, a weak import trend left Japan sons in 1993 - seems set to continue to increase. with a substantial balance of payments surplus in 1993. The strong financial position of Japan's general govern- After a moderate rise over the past two years, the rate of ment sector lays the basis for providing impetus to the eco- growth in the US picked up in 1993. A number of indica- nomy through fiscal policy. However, unstable political tors rose strongly in the second half of last year and, accor- conditions have impeded agreement on a focused expansio- ding to preliminary national accounts figures, GDP expan- nary policy. So far the measures presented do not seem to ded by almost 3 per cent from 1992 to 1993. The rate of have had more than a modest impact. Growth impulses growth in the economy is expected to remain at this level from public sector demand and the residential market will in 1994. The main force behind the improved trading con- nonetheless facilitate some pick-up of GDP growth this ditions in the US is increased domestic demand. The lar- year. gest upswing in 1993 was in private business fixed invest- ment which expanded by more than 11 per cent on the pre- In Europe the currency market turbulence continued in vious year according to preliminary estimates. The buo- 1993. Around the end of July and start of August the tur- yant expansion is probably attributable to the low level of moil culminated in agreement on wider swing margins interest rates.
Recommended publications
  • The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School

    The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School

    Nordic Journal of Political Economy Volume 33 2007 Article 1 The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School ‡ Ib E. Eriksen* Tore Jørgen Hanisch † Arild Sæther * University of Agder, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Kristiansand, Norway ‡ University of Agder, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Kristiansand, Norway † University of Agder, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Kristiansand, Norway This article can be dowloaded from: http://www.nopecjournal.org/NOPEC_2007_a01.pdf Other articles from the Nordic Journal of Political Economy can be found at: http://www.nopecjournal.org The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School 1 Ib E. Eriksen, Tore Jørgen Hanisch1, Arild Sæther The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School2 Abstract In 1931 Ragnar Frisch became professor at the University of Oslo. By way of his research, a new study programme and new staff he created the ”Oslo School”, characterised by mathematical modelling, econometrics, economic planning and scepticism towards the market economy. Consequently, detailed state economic planning and governance dominated Norwegian economic policy for three decades after WWII. In the 1970s the School’s dominance came to an end when the belief in competitive markets gained a foothold and the economy had poor performance. As a result a decentralized market economy was reintroduced. However, mathematical modelling and econometrics remain in the core of most economic programmes. JEL classification: B23, B29,B31, B59, O21, P41, P51 1. Introduction The main purpose of this presentation is to tell the story of how Ragnar Frisch founded the so-called Oslo School in economics, and secondly, to outline the main features of this School and investigate its major influence on the Norwegian post-war economy.
  • Hva Skal Vi Gjøre Med Oljerikdommen?

    Hva Skal Vi Gjøre Med Oljerikdommen?

    Hva skal vi gjøre med oljerikdommen? Forvaltningen av Norges petroleumsinntekter fra 1970 til 2001 Vegard Røneid Erikstad Masteroppgave i historie Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie Det humanistiske fakultet UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Våren 2016 i Hva skal vi gjøre med oljerikdommen? Forvaltningen av Norges petroleumsinntekter fra 1970 til 2001 Vegard Røneid Erikstad Masteroppgave i historie Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie Det humanistiske fakultet Universitetet i Oslo Våren 2016 ii © Vegard Røneid Erikstad 2016 Hva skal vi gjøre med oljerikdommen? - Forvaltningen av Norges petroleumsinntekter fra 1970 til 2001 Vegard Røneid Erikstad http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Webergs Printshop iii Forord Å skrive en masteroppgave er en lang og ensom reise. Det er en stor oppgave du til syvende og sist må fullføre alene. Jeg var ikke helt forberedt på hva jeg tok fatt på. Valget av tema for oppgaven gjorde det nok ikke mye enklere for meg, men det gjorde reisen interessant og lærerik, kanskje til og med nyttig. Reisen har ikke bare vært ensom. Underveis har jeg blitt kjent med mange på masterprogrammet i historie, som jeg kommer til å ha kontakt med lenge. Jeg vil først og fremst takke Even Lange for uvurderlig veiledning. Han har vært tålmodig, grundig, konstruktiv, ærlig og hyggelig. Jeg kunne ikke bedt om en bedre veileder. Hjelp og støtte har jeg også fått fra andre. Mamma og pappa har lest gjennom og gitt innspill. Kirsti har gjort det samme, og hun har oppmuntret meg hele veien. I tillegg vil jeg trekke frem min tvillingbror, Anders, som også leverer masteroppgave nå. Vi har vært i samme situasjon, og vi har kunnet dele våre gleder og sorger.
  • November 16,1979 Wing Gains in Local Elections

    November 16,1979 Wing Gains in Local Elections

    November 16,1979 KEESING'S CONTEMPORARY ARCHIVES 29939 A. NORWAY Cabinet Reshuffle following punishment - Right_ had been abolished under ordinary criminal law in wing Gains in Local Elections - Complete Abofido; of 1905, the dealh penalry could still be Capital invoked in iime of war Punishment - Extension of Barents Sea Fishing u-nder.tne,mrhtary penal code (as it was after the Second Wtrld Agreement with Soviet Union War in the case of certain collaborators *iif, if,. German occupying forces). Following a serious setback for the Labour party in local ..Grey electionselecnons:ctions heldnetd on sept.Sept. l6-1716-17 andand corresponding gains for the Extension of Barents Sea Zone" Fishins Asreement wilh rigtrt, an extensive reshuffle of the minority Libour Cabinet Soviet Union - Crash of Soviet \4'arplane dn forwegian Territory Ied bybv Mr Odvar Nordli was announcedennnrrnned ^-on Oct.A^r 5.< TheTl,- ^h-----changes constituted the first major reorganization of the Cabinet siice . T!.e Noryggian-Soviet provisional agreement on fishing in the disputed Mr Nordli assumed the premiership in January 1976 [see "grey zone" of the Barents Sea-which had blen signed in January 1978 ?75-!p A!, although_following the September 1977 elections fsee [see 2890j A) and which had been 28670 Al certain adjustments had been made in Januarv and extended for a l2-month period from July l, 1978-was December 1978 [see 28833 B; 29445 B]. extended-for a further year under an exchange of letters be- tween officials in Oslo on July 19'19. Sincelhe signature In the local elections the Labour Party's share the vote fell l, of of to the provisional fishing agreement, negotiations 36.5 per cent compared with 38.1 per cent in the corresponding elec- had continued tions in 1975 and 42.4 per cent in the 1977 general election,-while on the substantive issue of the delimitation of the Barents Sea that of the Conservatives increased to 29.2 per cent from 22.6 per {see also 276m A), but by mid-October 1979 no agreement cent in 1975 and 24.7 per cent in 1977.
  • 6 Norsk Utenrikspolitikk Og Den Latinamerikanske «Venstrebølgen»: Mellom Ideologi Og Realpolitikk Benedicte Bull

    6 Norsk Utenrikspolitikk Og Den Latinamerikanske «Venstrebølgen»: Mellom Ideologi Og Realpolitikk Benedicte Bull

    6 Norsk utenrikspolitikk og den latinamerikanske «venstrebølgen»: mellom ideologi og realpolitikk Benedicte Bull En vårkveld i 2011 stod ikke mindre enn fem ministre samtidig på podiet på Litteraturhuset. De overgikk hverandre i superlativer for å beskrive betydnin- gen av samarbeidet med et latinamerikansk land. Anledningen var lanseringen av regjeringens nye Brasil-strategi. Daværende utenriksminister Jonas Gahr Støre skrev at: «Hvorfor skal Norge satse på Brasil? Kortversjonen er at økt tilstedeværelse i dette nye maktsenteret er i vår egen interesse og i vår felles interesse. Brasil-strategien er ikke bare regjeringens strategi, den er blitt til i tett samspill med alle interesserte i Norge – fra næringsliv til kultur, fra akade- mia til frivillige organisasjoner og urfolks organisasjoner. Dermed er dette Norges strategi for norske aktører og interesser med nedslagsfelt i Brasil. Vår ambisjon er å bli en foretrukket og naturlig samarbeidspartner for Brasil» (Støre 2011: 57). Brasil-strategien kom fem år etter Utenriksdepartementets første Latin- Amerika-strategi. I løpet av de fem årene hadde statsministeren og ulike ministre vært i hektisk reisevirksomhet til regionen, mens fire presidenter og en rekke ministre på den latinamerikanske venstresiden hadde kommet den 161 kapittel 6 andre veien.1 Mens Latin-Amerika historisk verken hadde hatt særskilt stor politisk eller økonomisk betydning for Norge, hadde regionen plutselig krab- bet oppover på den norske utenrikspolitiske agendaen. Opposisjonen hevdet at Latin-Amerika-satsingen var et resultat av en ideo- logisk basert nyorientering mot en region som hadde tatt et klart skritt til ven- stre. Allerede i en utviklingspolitisk debatt i 2006 sa Høyre-leder Erna Solberg at: ”Norge er ikke tjent med ideologisk basert støtte til autoritære regimer i Latin-Amerika.
  • FORMAL COMPLAINT VS the KINGDOM of NORWAY 1 by Wilh

    FORMAL COMPLAINT VS the KINGDOM of NORWAY 1 by Wilh

    United Nations petition — incomplete report Date: April ……. , 2009 Plaintiff: Surname: Winther First names: Wilhelm Werner Gender: Male Birthplace/-date: NO-Ålesund — May 17, 1963 Nationality: Norwegian Present address: Åsen 4, NO-6270 Brattvåg, Norway Contact information: Norwegian authorities should send their communications/representatives etc to my counsellor in NO-Ålesund, Mr Johs. A ASPEHAUG (P.O Box 837, 6001 Ålesund [PRV: Kipervikg. 5 — ―Grimmergården‖ — Ålesund]). Due to persistent, dangerous and totally illegal harassment and interference from Norwegian authorities, representatives from foreign governments, human rights organizations and tribunals etc should apply couriers satisfyingly identifying themselves as authentic messengers — no letters should be forwarded through, e.g, the official postal services of Norway (i.e ―Posten Norge BA‖) or DHL, and no confidential information should be transferred by telecommunication or direct consultation with aforesaid counsellor (Mr Aspehaug is trustworthy enough, but his office etc ‘ve been unlawfully surveilled by Norwegian author- ities for years). Norwegian authorities are much likely to v.g; obstruct phone calls, steal telefac- similes/letters, erase e-mails and to bug/surveil/eavesdrop clothes, luggage, PCs, calculators, cellular phones, hotel rooms, restaurants, shops, public health facili- ties, libraries, closed sessions, cars/taxicabs, parks and — pet animals etc. 1 FORMAL COMPLAINT VS THE KINGDOM OF NORWAY 1 by Wilh. Werner WINTHER, Norway United Nations petition — incomplete
  • Ragnar Frisch and the Postwar Norwegian Economy · Econ Journal Watch: History of Economic Thought,Ragnar Frisch,Norway,Scandina

    Ragnar Frisch and the Postwar Norwegian Economy · Econ Journal Watch: History of Economic Thought,Ragnar Frisch,Norway,Scandina

    Discuss this article at Journaltalk: http://journaltalk.net/articles/5819 ECON JOURNAL WATCH 11(1) January 2014: 46-80 Ragnar Frisch and the Postwar Norwegian Economy Arild Sæther1 and Ib E. Eriksen2 LINK TO ABSTRACT In Norwegian academic life the memorial Nobel Prize winner Ragnar Frisch (1895–1973) is still a major figure, and he is universally recognized as a great economist. Here the story will be told how he built up the Oslo School of economic teaching and research, and how the Oslo School influenced economic policy in the small, homogeneous, and relatively culturally insular country of Norway. That influence moved the Norwegian economy toward economic planning. During the postwar decades the Norwegian economy achieved economic growth rates similar to other OECD countries, but with significantly higher investment ratios. The Norwegian economy was getting less ‘bang for its buck,’ with the result being lower rates of consumption. At the end of the 1970s the lagging economic performance impelled a change. Much of the present article is a reworking of materials that we have published previously, some with our late colleague Tore Jørgen Hanisch, particularly articles in the Nordic Journal of Political Economy (Eriksen, Hanisch, and Sæther 2007; Eriksen and Sæther 2010a). This article hopes to bring the story and its lessons to a wider audience.3 Translations from Norwegian sources are our own, unless otherwise noted. 1. Agder Academy of Sciences and Letters, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway. 2. School of Business and Law, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway. 3. The present article incorporates some material also used in our ideological profile of Frisch (Sæther and Eriksen 2013) that appeared in the previous issue of Econ Journal Watch.
  • Investing with a Mandate Norges Bank Investment Management

    Investing with a Mandate Norges Bank Investment Management

    Investing with a mandate Norges Bank Investment Management Our mission is to safeguard and build financial wealth for future generations Investing with a mandate The 30-year history 1 Contents 1 The fund The history ________________________________ 13 The governance ____________________________ 18 The mandate ______________________________ 23 2 3 The index The mandate The fund index __________________________ 33 A global investor ________________________ 69 The equity index ________________________ 42 A responsible investor ___________________ 79 The fixed-income index __________________ 54 A long-term investor ____________________ 85 Appendix Endnotes _______________________________90 Methodology____ _______________________ 94 Glossary ________________________________96 The 30-year history 4 1997 40 percent 1996 in equities 1990 First inflow Petroleum Fund Act 2019 10,000 billion kroner in the fund 2017 70 percent in equities 2010 Real estate 2007 60 percent 5 in equities Resultatene | Årsrapport 2019 | Statens pensjonsfond utland Introduction Investing for future generations Norway first discovered oil in the North Sea on 25 October 1969. Fifty years later to the day, on 25 October 2019, the market value of the oil fund hit 10,000 billion kroner. During this half-century, Norway went from being an oil nation to becoming an oil fund nation. The creation of a fund to avoid the economic and preference has also been for liquid investments social costs of swings in oil prices was first that can be represented by an index. formally proposed in April 1983. 1 The fund was established in 1990, and the initial transfer from The choice and evolution of the benchmark the government followed in 1996. Today, the fund index have been rooted in long-term viability is among the largest in the world and the single rather than any market view or circumstance.
  • FORMANNEN: Jeg Går Ut Fra at Vi Bþr Avvikle Dette Mfitefffiktivt-Sõm Mulig, Og Gir Därfor" Ordet Til Statsmini-Steren Med En Gang

    FORMANNEN: Jeg Går Ut Fra at Vi Bþr Avvikle Dette Mfitefffiktivt-Sõm Mulig, Og Gir Därfor" Ordet Til Statsmini-Steren Med En Gang

    HEMMELIG 90 (AGo) MøTB i den utvidede utenriks- og konstitusjonskomite fredae den f. desember 1 978 kl. 15.00. Finanskomiteens med,lemmer var også innkalt. Mltet ble ledet av formannen, Reiulf Steen. Fra den utvidede utenriks- og konstitusjons- komite mltte: Johan J. Jakobsen, Per Karstensen, Lars Korvald, Odd Lien, Reiulf Steen, Kåre Ï¡lilloch, Liv Aasen, Guttorm Hansen, Per Hysing-Dahl, Kjell Magne Bondevik, Rolf Fjeldvær, Arvid Johanson, Håkon Kyllingmark, per A. Utsi, Einar Flrde, Ingvar Bakken, Sverre L. Mo, Torstein Tynníng, Thor Knudsen-og Kåre Rlnning. Fra finanskomiteen mþtte: Gunnar Berge, Thor-Eirik Gulbrandsen, Harry Hansen, Sverre Helland, Anne-Olaug Ingeborgrud, Kristin Llnningdal, Rolf presthus, Jan P. Syse, Stein ØrnhØi, Arne Skauge. Av Regjeringens medlemmer var til stede: statsminister Odvar Nordli, utenriksminister Knut Fryden- lund, statsråd Hallvard Bakke, Handelsd.epartementetr og statsråd Per Kleppe, Finansd.epartementet. Fllgende embetsmenn ble gitt adgang ti1 mltet: Finansråd Bivind Erichsen og sjefdirektþr rnut Getz l,rlold (Norges Bank). Videre var til stede komiteenes sekretærer, Knut Mlrkved og Haakon Bingen. Dagsorden: Det europeiske valutasamarbeidet . - Statsministeren og finansministeren orienterer. FORMANNEN: Jeg går ut fra at vi bþr avvikle dette mfiteFffiktivt-sõm mulig, og gir därfor" ordet til statsmini-steren med en gang. STATSMINTSTER ODVAR NORDLI: Re gjeringen har bedt om dette mþtet for å konsultere den utvidede uten- rikskomite og finanskomiteen i enkelte splrsmål i for- bindelse med vår holdning ti1 det vedtak om et utvidet valutasamarbeid i Buropa som vi forutsetter vil bli fattet i EFs rådsnlte 4. og 5. desember. Jeg har t-yst til kort HEMMELIG 9t (aco) innledningsvis igjen å presentere noen synspunkter som jeg gav uttrykk for i Stortinget den 29.
  • F"¡F'lëllg Tær, Knut

    F"¡F'lëllg Tær, Knut

    Hf;f"¡f'lËLlG ro6 (ew ) MØTE i den utvidede uLenriks- og konstitusjonskomite mandaq den 11. desember 1978 l< 1. 15.3o. Ti1 møtet var innkalt finanskomiteens med- lemmer. Møtet ble ledet av formannen, Reiulf Steen. Til stede var: Fra den utvidede utenriks- og konstitusjons- komite: Johan J. Jakobsen, Lars KorvaLd, Odd Lien, Reiulf Steen, Svenn Stray, Paul Thyness, Kåre tn/il loch, Jakob Aano, Per Hysing-Dah1-, Kjel1 Magne Bondevik, Rolf Fjeldvær, Arvid Johanson, Lars Roar Langslet, Ingvar Bakken (for Trygve Bratbli), Geirmund fhle (for per Karstensenl, Asbjørn Sjøthun (for Mar.git TøsdaI), Liv Stubberud (for Guttorm Hansen), Torstein Tynning (for Karin Hafstad ) Fra finanskomiteen: Gunnar Berge, Jens p. F1å, Einar Førde, Thor-Eirik Gulbrandsen, Harcy Hansen, Sverre Hel1and, Anne-Olaug fngeborgrud, Kristin Lønning- da1, Rolf Nilssen, RoIf Presthus, Arne Skauge, Jan p. Syse, Stein Ørnhøi. Av Reqjeringens medlemmer var til stede: Statsminister Odvar Nordli, utenriksminister Knut Fry- denlund og statsråd Per Kleppe, Finansdepartementet. Følgende embetsmann ble gitt adgang ti1 møtet: Fra Finansdepartementet: departementsråd E. Eriksen, foruten som ledsagere til finansministeren: direktørene H. Skånland og Arne Lie (Norges Bank). Des suten var ti 1 stede komiteens faste sekre- tær, Knut Mørkved, samt finanskomiLeens sekretær Haakon Bi ngen. Da sorden Regjeringen orienterer om valutasamarbeidet. FORMANNEN: Dct er Regjeringen som har anmodet om dette møtet for å orientere om sitt syn på Norges forhold ti1 det europeiske valutasamarbeid som det ble gjort vedtak om på EFs rådsmøte tirsdag. Jeg gir ordet ti1 statsministeren. HEI't¡,IELIG 107 ( Bv\¡ ) STATSMfNISTER ODVAR NORDLI : Regjeringen vi1 gjerne f a ovt 1 over ord enne kom te å presentere en kort opp summering og også tilrå over for komiteen en kon- klusjon som følgende: Regjeringen vedtok 30.
  • Is Indonesia's Debt to Norway Illegitimate?

    Is Indonesia's Debt to Norway Illegitimate?

    Is Indonesia’s debt to Norway illegitimate? Author: Magnus Flacké, Research: Magnus Flacké and Nikmah Khoirun (INFID) 2 Table of contents Is Indonesia’s debt to Norway illegitimate? 1 Abbreviations and explanations 3 Sammendrag – Er Indonesias gjeld til Norge illegitim? 3 Introduction 4 Illegitimate debt 4 Dictator debt 5 Responsible Lending and Borrowing 5 Mechanisms in Norwegian Industry- and development policy creating illegitimate debt: 5 Export Credit Agencies 5 Mixed Credits 5 The Ship Export Campaign 7 Indonesia 9 Corruption in Indonesia 9 The Asia-Plan: Encouraged dictator investments 10 Indonesia’s outstanding debt to Norway 11 Wave Power Plant 13 A technology proven unsuitable 13 Why Indonesia? 13 B.J. Habibie 14 The long and winding road 14 Failure – problems with technology and the sudden financial crisis 15 The struggle for a solution 16 A quick fix 16 What was in it for Indonesia? 17 Irresponsible financing? 17 Overpriced export credit projects 17 Seawatch 19 High hopes 19 What happened? 19 Breach of contract? 20 Irresponsible financing? 21 Conclusions 22 References 23 List of people and institutions met: 24 Published by: SLUG; The Norwegian Coalition for Debt Cancellation, www.slettgjelda.no, and INFID; International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development www.infid.org Layout: Christer M.L. Bendixen, fortelle.no Front page photo: Magnus Flacké Print: Utdanningsforbundet 2009 This report is financed by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) Sammendrag – Er Indonesias gjeld til Norge illegitim? 3 En rekke miljøprosjekter i utviklingsland ble på 1990-tallet finansiert delvis med norske bistandsmidler, og delvis i form av eksportkreditter – statlige garantier som sikrer norske eksportbedrifter for tap.
  • Elite Images and Foreign Policy Outcomes

    Elite Images and Foreign Policy Outcomes

    Elite Images and Foreign Policy Outcomes A Study of Norway PHILIP M. BURGESS $6.25 Elite Images and Foreign Policy Outcomes A Study of Norway BY PHILIP M. BURGESS In the past two decades, the application of the combined skills of various disciplines to the study of those forces that exert a decisive influence in the formulation of foreign pol­ icy has brought increased recognition of the role of social-psychological factors in the decision-making process. To date, however, the significance of the "strategic image" held by any nation's governing elite, by which it selectively defines and evaluates the coun­ try's international position as a determinant of its foreign policy, has been almost totally neglected. By concentrating attention specifically on the strategic images held by successive Nor­ wegian leaders in the 1940's, and by tracing the evolution of the security concept that, in 1949, resulted in Norway's decision to renounce its neutrality and to join the North Atlantic Alliance, Mr. Burgess is able to demonstrate conclusively that an under­ standing of the security image held by the Norwegian authoritative elite serves to ex­ plain on what basis the makers of foreign- policy decisions found options confronting them either acceptable or unacceptable. He finds, furthermore, that the failure of the attempt in 1949 to establish a joint Scandi­ navian defense system, in response to shared societal and political goals clearly working in favor of common policies and programs, is directly attributable to a fundamental dis­ parity in the security concepts of the nego­ tiating parties that effectively prevented their concluding a mutually acceptable defense pact.
  • Governing Innovation for Sustainable Development

    Governing Innovation for Sustainable Development

    Governing Innovation for Sustainable Development: Integration of environmental and innovation policies in Norway Olav Mosvold Larsen Cand. polit Thesis Department of Political Science UNIVERSITY OF OSLO March 7, 2005 2 3 Preface Finally completing this thesis marks the end of a long and winding journey. During fall 2001 I started writing a thesis on policy instruments promoting environmental disclosure in companies’ financial annual reports as a means for achieving sustainable development. One year later I got “an offer I could not refuse”: I was asked to take a full time position as research assistant on ProSus’ CondEcol project (Exploring the Conditions for Adapting Existing Techno-industrial Processes to Ecological Premises). The downside was that I had to scrap my half finished thesis on environmental disclosure and study issues related to innovation and sustainable development instead. The thesis has been written under the research programme ProSus (Programme for Research and Documentation for a Sustainable Society) at Centre for Environment and Development (SUM) and is based on and influenced by work I did as a research assistant for the Norwegian contribution to the OECD-sponsored research project “Monitoring and Implementing Horizontal Innovation Policy” (MONIT). Besides providing me with excellent office facilities, ProSus has offered enthusiastic and supportive colleagues. My supervisor Audun Ruud has shoved remarkable and enduring enthusiasm and patience throughout the process. Together with ProSus’ director, William M. Lafferty, he has given constructive feedback and sound scientific advice and inspired me to get going when the going got tough. Quite frankly I believe that without their support this thesis would not have been completed.