H. C. DANN THE CANCELLATIONS OF THE RHODESIAS AND NYASALAND

by H. C. DANN

Published by ROBSON LOWE LTD. 50 Pall Mall, London, S.W. I Also at Bournemouth, Philadelphia, Melbourne and Bombay Printtd in Grt4t Britain bl' William Brendon and Sott, Ltd. The Moyflowrr Press (/ato of Plymo11tll), nt Bushey Mill La11c Watford, Herts. Hoisting the Union Jnck at Salisbury, 1890

7 "0 CONTENTS

FOREWORD II PREFACE I3 SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Post Towns and Agencies r6 The Barred Diamond 40 The Barred Oval 4I )l'oRTHERN RHoDESIA: Post Towns and Agencies 42 Derivation of Names sr BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA 53 NYASALAND 57 OFFICIAL FRANKS 6r

PLATES

APPENDICES I. PosTAL HISTORY 70 II. POSTA!. RATES 75 III. The RHODESIAN REMAINDER CANCELLATIONS 77 IV. CANCELLATIONS SINCE 1935: Southern Rhodesia Northern Rhodesia Nyasaland

V. CANCELLATIONS OF THE R.A.F. CAMP POST OFFICES IN SOUTHERN RHODESIA ss MAPS CENTRAL AFRICA IS THE EARLY MAIL RouTES 70

9 1902. The Post Office at Nawalia-now closed

10 FOREWORD

HENRY C. DANN was born m June r863. The particular reason for his mterest in the postal history of Rhodesia is not known to me but he contributed a long series of interesting articles on the subject in the London Philatelist during the years 1931 to 1947 (Vols. XL to LVI). In 1940 he wrote a book, largely reprmted from these articles entitled "The Romance of the Posts of Rhodesia"* This volume has become a standard work of reference. He had hoped to bring out in 1941 the smaller work which is here offered to t.he student. The difficulties of wartime production an.d his failing health were the reasons for the delay. Dann joined the Royal Philatelic Society in 1927. He was a founder member of the Postal History Society in 1936, being elected an Honorary Life Member on his eightieth birthday in recognition of his pioneer work in aiding the studies and pleasures of his fellow studen.ts. He died on 28th November, 1948, and will be remembered by those who knew him as one of the most kindly and helpful philatelists they had met. For some time before his passing, he had been unable to keep these records up to date and through the research work necessary, to produce the African volume of the Encyclopaedia, t I have been able to add less than one per cent to his original work on the cancellations. A summary of the postal history of Rhodesia appears in the Addenda which is reprinted from the Encyclopaedia. This is appropriate, for this was almost entirely based on Dann's writings. I have to acknowledge the assistance of three friends for their help­ J. H. Sinton, who has checked the galley proofs with his collection (untiL recently owned by C. E. Nelson and which incorporates the Dann collection of cancel­ lations) and lent certain rare items for illustration, Arthur Strutt who lent me the drawing from which the illustrations on pages ro and so were made, and W. G. Nodder, the Secretary of the Rhodesian Study Circle, who read the proofs, adding the most recent amendments and supplying the supplementary information in the Appendices IV and V. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to the Council of the Royal Philatelic Society for giving me the opportunity of publishing this tribute to the memory of a dear friend. RoBsoN LoWE. rst january, 1950.

* Published by Frank Godden Ltd. t The Encyclopaedia of Empire Postage Stamps, Vol. II. 11 12 PREFACE URING the last twenty years the study of Postal History has become increasingly popular, and this has stimulated the collecting of used D stamps and covers. There are few countries within His Majesty's dominions in which the creation and expansion of the postal services has been of such fascinating interest as Rhodesia. It is a land where adventure and hardship have been closely interwoven with its romantic development. British enterprise and justice have so efficiently worked within the short space of fifty years, that where tnurder, torture, rapine and bloodthirsty raids were of almost everyday occurrence, a well-organized community has been brought into being. Southern Rhodesia has become an important dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations, whilst the vast territory of Northern Rhodesia, under its enterprising Legislative Council, is making steady progress. With regard to postal markings-it is only those who attempt to collect and classify them who know how extremely difficult it is to find Rhodesian cancellations, other than those of a few places, especially in a complete or decipherable condition. One must remember that during the prospecting and opening out of the then unknown country-of some 438,200 square miles-especially in the wilderness of the north, a roadside hut often served as a post office for travellers and prospectors. Many of these answered their temporary purpose and have been long since closed, and in some cases a mystery exists as to their actual sites. Many never appeared on any map (as far as I can trace), and it is only by information from those who used them that one can locate the places where they existed. When we consider that many of these offices were opened to deal with an emergency, such as an outbreak of cattle plague, or sleeping sickness, and in the north as a check on slave-raiders, and where in some cases there were only three or four white men, one can easily realize how few letters Were collected by the "runners," and consequently how few cancellations can possibly exist-this scarcity being affected by the fact that many cancellations are incomplete, the stamps having been removed from the covers. Another cause of scarcity is that the northern district was found to be unsuitable for settlement because of the unhealthy climate, and the presence of tsetse fly-so the country south of Lake Tanganyika was described as "deadly" and consequently closed to settlers. Many post offices which appeared for a time on the maps ceased to be shown later on. Postal markings of these offices are usually very rare, and I think it is not an unsafe prophecy to make that Rhodesian stamps and covers with these cancellations will become "classics" in years to come. As evidence of the difficulty of locating post offices (and by tbat term I include postal agencies) which have disappeared, I had occasion to make inquiries 13 14 PHEFACE as to the position of a certain post office of which I had three or four date-stamps (one of which is now in the Royal Collection). I was officially infonned that no such place existed, or had ever existed, i.It the territory, but from personal evidence I had from those who knew the country in the old days and had direct work in the administration of the dishict, I was able to prove that a post office had existed at the spot, although it had been closed and reopened, and then finally closed, n1any years ago. I know of no less than eighty-four post offices in Southern and Northern Rhodesia that have been closed (and there a:re probably others), havmg served their temporary purpose or having been rendered unnecessary by the substitution of quick intercommunication for the old "runner" services. After intensive search durmg several years I have managed to collect more than nine hundred different postal cancellations, inclusive of those used in British Central Africa during the administration of the British South Africa Company, and I am extremely grateful to the late Postmaster-General of Southern Rhodesia, Mr. Collyer, who is now retired, for the great amount of trouble to which he went in order to obtain information for me, with full details of the opening of the post offices in his territory, and dates of closing, where such happened. Also to the late Postmaster-General of Northern Rhodesia, J.\ilr. Storm, who went to a lot of trouble, entailing corre;;pondence with outlymg places which took weeks to obtain. Both these gentlemen also supplied me with numerous copies of obsolete postmarks of much interest. Mr. C. J. Swift, the present Postmaster­ General of Southern Rhodesia, has not only supplied me with valuable information, but has also sent me impressions of old and interesting cancellation stamps discovered after many years in the G.P.O. at Salisbury. Colonel Stephenson, of Ndola, informs me that up to a few years ago every post office off the railway line, except Fort Jameson (N.E.R.) and possibly Abercorn at tin1es, was run by a District Officer or a native clerk. This would account for many curiosities in the defacing of stamps. Anything that might be handy, such as a rubber office dating stamp, would be used for postal defacing purposes if the proper cancelling stamp happened to be mislaid or out of order. Similarly any ink-pad would be used if the post office pad "'ras dried up. Hence the use of coloured defacing inks, and I have seen some brown ones which look suspiciously like blood. These outside post offices functioned only for the receipt and despatch of mails, and, owing to the small population they served, the postal work was spasmodic and a corner of the district official's office used, only to come into action for a jew mim~tes of every week. The old pattern defacing stamps used in Northern Rhodesia and British Central Africa had removable type, hence errors and inversions. These stamps were frequently changed by office-cleaners (natives) a:nd semi-educated clerks. At one time a few defacing stamps were purchased in which the whole of the type (name, country, date, etc.) was removable. These were obtained to be used in an emergency, owing to the delay in getting the proper solid stamps from England. PREFACE 15 It is therefore quite possible that there may be some very queer distortions of names and dates, as the type could be removed by the native and reset to spell anything. I have seen many such distortions in dates and they are also to be found in the irregularity of letters in several date-stamps of places in North-Eastern Rhodesia. These date stamps were very rarely used and were not satisfactory owing to the difficulty of fitti11g the type.

I' ) \ BCLGIAN \ .., t CONGO •• • • J

___ .. .,~

ANGOL.O.

!3tCHUAN"'LAND

l''ROTECTO'II"'TE

A map of Central Africa showing the main post•towns. The districtrof Tanganyika in Rhodesia should not be confused with the country that was once German East~Africa . SOUTHERN RHODESIA

POST TOWNS AND AGENCIES TO THE END OF 1935

(The dates of opening, closing or reopening have kindly been supplied and authenti­ cated by the Postmaster-General of Southern Rhodesia, C.]. Swift, Esq.) THE cancellations are described from copies in my collection, and the references are as follows, and they can be identified by the types at the end of the lists: S.C. indicates that the name is in a single circle, usually 22 to 25 mm., date in centre. D.C. that the name is between two concentric circles, date in centre. Various dimensions are given where the postmark varies from the usual diameters of 27 or 38 mm. T.C. that the name is between three circles, two outer ones close together and an inner one. Date in centre. D.C.A. The name is behveen two circles, the inner one of which is broken into two arcs, intersected by the date. D.C. joined arcs. The ends of the arcs are joined, forming a short straight line over and below the date. D.C.T. The straight lines go through to the outer circle, forming a tablet containing the date. D.C. and double arcs. The lines of the arcs are doubled and closed by a complete tablet containing the date. Loose letters to form the names were not often used as in Northern Rhodesia; consequently they are not found misspelt. Many of these cancellations are extremely rare and ·much more diffimelt to find than a scarce stamp. A few coloured ones can be found; those in blue, "Bulawayo," "Umtali" and "Essexvale," are com­ paratively common. There may be others than those given. The following letter from the Postmaster-General of Southern Rhodesia, under date of znd March, 1939. shows the interest he takes in this work: "What appears to be an interesting discovery was made this week when examining an assortment of obsolete date-stamps, which have been stored for probably well over forty years. Six date-stamps-some slightly rusty-were

16 SOUTHERN RHODESIA - 17

.. ...~ ) ' .. ·'" ... _ ..

•

.. '< "'· A rare combination cover showing impressions of the "C" (Umtali) and "K" (Salisbury) date- ·:unps, sec text pages 16 and 18. The letter entered to Salisbury post office at Hartley Hill on _· anuary 1st, 1892 when the adhesives were cancelled with the "K" in barred diamond ru1d tht:: cover .r.lck-stamped with the "K" dare-stamp. The letter passed through Umtali and received the "C" .;are-stamp on January 27th. At Beira, the Portuguese Mozambique adhesives were added wd :he framed "SHIP LETTER" stamp applied on its arrival by private ship at Durban on March 7th. It left the same day by mail steamer arriving at Port Elizabeth on March 11th

a 18 SOUTHERN RHODESIA

found to give the impressions shown on the enclosed sheet. Without unearthing old records or making any inquiries, it seems fairly safe to assume that these date-stamps were about-if not-the first in use in Rhodesia; probably issued to points where names had not been designated for official purposes and used until a 'name' had been agreed upon. They were apparently used for the last time on the dates indicated and then returned to this office." The letters indicated the post offices as listed on page 40.

AMANDAS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. in two types, inner circle 18 mm. (1931) or 20 rnm. (1930). Opened 1914 as CONCESSION RAIL, renamed AMANDAS in rgz8, renamed CONCESSION in 1935. (See Photo, page 68.) ANTELOPE M., S. RHODESIA. S.C. 1908. 1\NTELOPE MINE, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Variety: error of date, "8r AU rgr3." ANTENIOR MINE, S. RHODESIA. S.C. Prior to 1902. Varieties: year omitted, "0 AU 3," also in blue and in purple. ARCTURUS P.O., S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1910. ARCTURUS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. AVILIN, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1925, closed 1926. Very rare. AVONDALE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1914. (See photo, page 67.) AYRSHIRE MINE, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 1902. AYRSHIRE MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. AYRSHIRE MINE, S. RHODESIA. T.C. Outer double circles. BALLA BALLA, S. RHODESIA. S.C. ="Koodoo antelope." Prior to 1902. In the first word the "LL" probably made from "zz," top lines cut off, or possibly two inverted sevens-77. (See illustration, page 65.) BALLA BALLA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 26 mm. BALTA BALLA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. BANKET JUNCTION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Variety: in blue-green. 1906. BANKET JCTN., S. RHODESIA. D.C. in two types, 26 mm. and 28 mm. BATTLEFIELDS MINE, S. RHODESIA. T.C. Outer double circles. :1902. Changed to BATTLEFIELDS in 1912. BATTLEFIELDS, S. RHODESIA. T.C. With the word "1\UNE" cut out from above brass cancellation stamp. (See illustration, page 66.) BATTLEFIELDS, S. RHODESIA. S.C. BATTLEFIELDS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. BEATRICE MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. rgrr. Also in red. BEATRICE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. In magenta. SOUTHERN RHODESIA 19

BEITBRIDGE, S RHODESIA. D.C. 1929. Originally LIMPOPO. Renamed BEITBRIDGE in same year, after Sir Alfred Beit, one of the first directors of the B.S.A.C., who gave very large sums of money for the building of railways and other developments. (See photo, page 58.) BELINGWE, MATABELELAND. S.C. ="Kill tiger!" Rare. BELING';VE, RHODESIA. D.C. Prior to 1902. BELINGWE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Variety: date in Taal, "9 MRT :L2." BELLEVUE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 28 mm. 1928. BELLEVUE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. large, 38 mm. BEMBESI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Imbembesi. 1905. BIKITA, s. RHODESIA. D.C. small, 24 nun. rgzo. Rare. BIKITA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. (See photo, page 68.) BINDURA, S RHODESIA. D.C. small type. 1904. BINDURA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. ="A turning." Opened in 1904 as KIMBERLEY REE!IS, renamed BINDURA in 1913. BIRCHENOlJGH BRIDGE, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Named after Sir Henry Birchenough, Bart., I<.C.M.G., President of the B.S.A.C. Bridge opened 20th December, 1935. Commemorative cancellation. BLANKET MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1906. Very rare. BLINKWATU<, ~. l

A A B B AU 21 88 AU 21 88 20 SOUTHERN RHODESIA

B & M & R RLYS., KASRITU STATION. S.C. GUBULAWAYO, BECHUANALAND. S.C. on Bechuanaland stamps. Only seven copies known. 'Au 21 88." (See photo A on page rg.) GUBULAWAYO. (BECHUANALAND cut out, leaving space on brass cancellation stamp.) S.C. Also showing traces of the word "Bechuanaland" cut out. (See photo Bon page rg.) Variety "FE zr 95" ("2" inverted). BULAWAYO, MATABELELAND. S.C. 22 mm. Also With "r" or "2" over date. Variety FE rzs. Varieties: ".MR 22 V)g" (for "gs"); "z"sideways overdate; "2" upright over date; no year; "9-" for year. (See illustration, page 65.) BULUWAYO, MATABELELAND. S.C. 22 mm. "97" to "oo." Varieties: "4" (sideways), "5," "6," "7," "8," "g" over date "JY 6 ro" (note spelling). BUL.'\WAYO, RHODESIA. S.C. "96" to "g8." Also in violet, blue-black, and red. BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. S.C. "g8" on. Variety "sp s; 02" ("5" inverted). BULAWAYO, RHODESIA. D.C. "gg" on. BULAWAYO, RHODESIA. D.C.A. Also in Taal, "MRT," "MEI," during several days in March and May rgoo! During the Boer War this date-stamp was used on Bechuanaland Protectorate stamps. JAN oo, ro MRT oo, 17 MRT oo, 26 MRT oo, ro AP oo, 2 MEI oo, 16 MEl oo, 24 MEI oo. Others have been noted. BULAWAYO, RHODESIA. D.C.A. joined. BULAWAYO, RHODESIA. D.C.A., wider letters. Also in blue, in green and in blue­ black. BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C.A. lines double. Circles joined by five horizontal lines. BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C.A. joined. (See illustration, page 66.) BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. large, 38 rum. BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. narroW, 31 rom. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5· BULAWAYO (only) D.C. 25 mm. Also in red. BULAWAYO, A. S. RHODESIA. D.C. BOLAWAYO, N. S. RHODESIA. D.C. The "N" indicates "Native COWlter." BULAWAYO, S. S. RHODESIA. D.C. BULAWAYO, NATIVE CTR, D.C. Large 38 mm. BULAWAYO, REGISTERED (at top). S.C. Variety: no year. BULAWAYO REGISTERED (at top). D.C. large. BULAWAYO, REGD. S. RHODESIA. D.C. BULAWAYO, REGD. S. RHODESIA. S.C. BULAWAYO, REGISTERED, (A). D.C.

BUL'\W1\Y01 PARCELS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. BULAWAYO STATION ( + at foot). D.C. Two types (a) 26 mm., (b) 28 mm. BULAWAYO STATION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. also in green. BULAWAYO STATION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. narrow, 3I mm. BULAWAYO STATION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 38 mm. B.S.A.P. CMfP, BULAWAYO (Police camp). S.C. (See illustration, page 64.) BULAWAYO, HILLSIDE. D.C.A. SOUTHERN RHODESIA

RULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C.A. Error "R." RULAWAYO, MATABELELAND. S.C. Error "R." POSTE RESTANTE, BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. wide 38 mm., large lettering. BULAWAYO, S. RHODESB. (at foot), REGISTERED (at top), D.C. wide 38 mm., large lettering. PARCELS, BULAWAYO. RHODESIA. (all at top). D.C. BOULOUWAYO, RHODESIA. I90I. Another cancellation has reached me from San Francisco, California, and it shows a novel spelling of Bulawayo. It is impressed on a fro, r8go, stamp, in itself a doubtful sign. "BOULOUWAYO." I have made extensive inquiries with regard to this spelling, and none of the officials who were out there in those early days, including the High Commissioner for Southern Rhodesia, Mr. Lagnian O'Keeffe, c.M.G., and Mr. Percy Baird, c.B.E., Ron. Secretary of the B.S.A.C., have ever known it. Probably a fake on a cleaned stamp. I once had a much-travelled cover. It was posted in Beira (P.E.A.) to an addressee, "c/o The Standard Bank, Mafeking," during the Boer War. It bears the impression of a postage franking stamp in blue, "cmt:PA.l'HA DE MOCAl\1- BrQUE. BEIRA," between double circles surrounding "coRREIO. 17 JUL oo. DA." and a "T" in a circle, also in blue. It reached "sALISBURY JY. zz oo" and "BULAWAYO. 26 JUL oo." Here a B.S.A.C. "Large Arms" zd. stamp was affixed and cancelled "BULAWAYO. 30 JUL oo." It was next dated at "MAKEKING. AU 20 oo." As the addressee had ]eft there it was re-addressed to him cfo a firm in London. But there is no stamp to indicate the date of arrival there. Another cover posted in "BULAWAYO. OCT II 99," addressed to "JOHANNES­ BURG," bears four "Large Arms" zd. stamps, has printed across the face in a long oblong "MAIL SERVICE SUSPENDED" in violet ink. It is backstamped in double circles "RETUR!:'<'ED LETTER BRANCH. G.P.O. SALISBURY. 14 FEB. 00." Hung up for four months! Another very interesting cover is postmarked "GUBULAWAYO. FE r6 4" (i.e. r894), about three months after the entry of the British troops into the ruins of that town, which had been blown up and burned by Lobengula. Dawson's stores was the only brick building which remained, and it will be remembered that this was the original "Post Office." Here also was kept the celebrated "Elephant" seal of the king, and the cancellation stamp described above, both of which were saved. The cover had apparently been sent from up country by one of the troopers who were in pursuit of Lobengula and the Matabele, postmarked at Gubulawayo and dispatched to "vRYBURG" in Bechuanaland, whence it was forwarded on "~1R 5 94" to an addressee in Surrey, being backstamped "LONDON. s.w. MR.27.94." At the top right-hand corner is inscribed, in ink, "Matebeleland [sic] no stamps available," beneath which is, in large coarse type, "6n," cancelled in blue pencil; below it another ''6D" with "F.B." under, the £gure being in thin type, an inch high, and a thick "T" sideways. The cover bears also the words "Service" in pencil. I do not think there can be many 5Uch covers extant. 22 SOUTHERN RHODESIA

CHARTER. S.C. zz mm. Opened r8go, closed 1913. Rare. (See illustration, page 65.) CHARTER, MASHONALAND. S.C. zz mm. Variety: no year. Rare. CHARTER, S. RHODESIA, S.C. CHAKARI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened as TURKOIS MINE in 1907, renamed SHAGARI in rgrr, renamed CHAKARI in 1923. Rare. (See photo, page 67.) CHATSWORTH, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1919. Originally MAKOWRIES. CHESHIRE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1921, closed 1931. (See photo, page 67.) CHIBI, s. RHODESIA. D.C. 1912. Chibi was a chief after whom this place was named. Lobengula had him decapitated and retained his head as a trophy. Rare. CHIBUZANA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. ="A kid." Opened 1921, closed I934· Rare (See photo, page 67.) CHIGWELL, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1920. Rare. CHILIMANZI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. ="Water." Opened 1925, closed 1933. Was named after a chief. Lobengula roasted alive two of his children. CHIN MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1912. Also in blue. CHIPINGA, S. RHODESIA. S.C. ="A jungle." rgrr. CHIPINGA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Rare. CHIPINGA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 29 mm. CHISENGWE, S. RHODESIA. S.C. rgoz. Very rare. CHIRESA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Variety in purple. Opened 1921, closed 1931. CHRISTMAS PASS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1924, closed 1934· (See photo, page 67.) COLLEEN BAWN, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1907. CONCESSION RAIL, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Refer to AMANDAS. Opened 1914. CONCESSION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Lettering spaced. CRAIGMORE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1925. (See photo, page 68.) DAISYF1ELD, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1914. (See photo, page 67.) DAISYFIELD, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Small. DARWENDALE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1923. (See photo, page 68.) DAR\VENDALE, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Small letters. DAWSONS, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Named after a trader who volunteered to carry a message to Lobengula during his flight from Bulawayo in 1893, and who was the first to learn of his death from smallpox on the Malindi River early in r894. 1927. Rare. DEKOCKS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1914. Rare. DELANO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1930, closed 1934· (See photo, page 67.) DETT, s. 'RHODESIA. D.C. 1904. Two types (a) 25 rom., also in blue-black, (q) zg mm. (See photo, page 67.) DUCHESS HILL, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1912.

An interesting piece is known from this town. It consists of a linen tie-on docket, which had been used, probably on a parcel of gold, from Duchess Hill during the Great War. The postage fee was £z r6s. 4d., and as apparently there /

SOUTHERN RHODESIA 23 e no high-value stamps in stock, the following were used. On the front of me docket are: oblong pink registration label, No. 94, under which is written ink the amount of the postage as above; two 3s., r8g8, S.G. 86; two 2d.

~· .• . ..

The front of the docket described above 24 SOUTHERN RHODESIA

The back of the docket described on pages 22, 23 and 25 SOUTHERN RHODESIA 25 :\d.mirals, Die I, S.G. 209, and a block of 6 (3 x 2) 2s. 6d. Admirals, Die II, S.G. 23G. On the back are: a block of 10 (5 X 2) vertical, and a strip of four vertical, of the 2s. 6d. as above. The cancellations are "DUCHESS HILL. 23 MAR. 1915." The twenty 2s. 6d. stamps are all officially painted in, the head plate having been set too low thus necessitating the filling in in colour of the prominent white space over the cap. The address was evidently on the parcel. The stamps are apparently all from the same pane. This docket supports the statement that there were no stamps higher than 3s. (hut-tax value) at that post office (see photos on pages 23 and 24).

OU:-I PHAILE SI DING, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 1920. LJU:-ESI.\. D.C. Prior to 1902. Rare.

c 26 SOUTHERN RHODESIA

FORT TOLl. See TULI. FORT USHER, S. RHODESIA. S.C. Prior to 1902. Very rare. FORT VICTORIA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened as FORT VICTORV\ in 1891, changed to VICTORIA in 1899, reverted to FORT VICTORIA in 1921. In three types, 28. 29, 31 mm. (See photo, page 68.) FORT VICTORIA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. large, 38 mm. See also VICTORIA. FRANCESTOWN, s. AFRIC::A. S.C. Also used in S. Rhodesia. GADZE:MA, S. RHODESIA. S.C. GADZEMA, RHODESIA. D.C. Prior to 1902. GADZEMA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. GADZEMA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 28 mm. GATOOMA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. ="A little hill." Three types 26 mm., 28 mm., 29 mm. Also in green. 1905. GATOO).SA, S. RHODESIA . D.C. 38 mm. GATOOMA. l'OSTAGE PAID lN CASH. D.C. GEELONG, RHODESIA. D.C. 1901. Rare. GEM MI.l\'E, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1912. Very rare. GLENDALE STATION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1915. GLENDALE STN., S. RHODESIA. D.C. GLENDAI.E, S. RHODESIA. D .C. GLENDALE, S. RHODESL>\. D.C. 28 mm. Small type. GOKWE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. large, 38 mm. 1926. (See photo, page 68.) GOLDEN l~OPJE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 191I. Also in red. GOLDEN VALLEY, S. RHODESIA. S.C. Opened 1907, closed 1917, reopened 1925. GOLDEN VALLEY, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in red. GOLDE!\ VALLEY, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 28 mm. GOROllfONZI, RHODESIA. S.C. 1913. Rare. GOTHIC MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1912, closed 1931. Rare. GOTHIC !41NE, S. RHODESIA. S.C. na.rrow letters. Rare. GREAT ZIMBABWE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. ="Stone buildings." Opened as ZIMBABWE in 1912, altered to GREAT ZIMBABWE in 1914. Wonderful mystery ruins here, ancient gold workings and probably King Solomon's Mines. (See photo, page 67.) GREYSTONE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1924. (See photo, page 58.) GUTU, S. RHODESL\. D.C. ="A quivet," also "fine rain." 19II. GWAAI SETTLEMENT, S. RHODESIA. D.C. GWAAI SIDING, S. RHODESIA. D.C. GWAAl , s. RHODESIA. D.C. ="Tobacco." 1906. Rare. GWANDA, MASHONALAND. S.C. 22 mm. GWANDA, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 22 mm. ="Increase." GWANDA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. GWANDA, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Small letters. GWELO, MATABELELAND. S.C. 22 mm. ="A ladder," also a species of bird. I 894· SOUTHERN RHODESIA 27

( ~ ') . ' • ("1 "'-'"'--- ... r .{-

··=- The Gwclo cover described below cwELO. + at bottom. D.C. Rare. GWELO, RHODESIA. D.C. G'WELO, S. RHODESIA. D.C.A. GWELO, RHODESIA. D.C. wider type. GWELO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 28 mm. GWEI.O, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 30 mm. GWELO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. NaiTOW circles. Small type. 30 mm. GWELO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. wide 38 rom. large lettering. GWELO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 38 rom. GWELO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 25 mm. large lettering. GWELO, s. RHODESIA. D.C. 26 mm. lettering very widely spaced. GWELO. "POSTAGE PAID IN CASH." D.C. Also in red. GWELO. PARCELS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in red. As evidencing the difficulties of communication during the rebellion, I had an interesting cover in my collection. It bears the cancellation of the laager at "GWELO. YATABELELAND. MY r2 g6" (S.C.) and it arrived at, or was dispatched from ''BULAWAYO. RHODESIA. JU I g6" (S.C.). Twenty days. As the distance is only about roo miles, there was considerable delay somewhere. The cover is franked by a strip of three 2d. green and red, r8gr issue, and these are cancelled by the barred oval obliteration, 951, which is also that of Gwelo (See photo above). It is backstamped "CAPETOWN. JU I4 6" (S.C.) also "SEA POST OFFICE. D. JL 20 g6" (S.C.), and the town in India to which it was addressed, "sECUNDERABAD DECCAN. 27 JL g6." Thus having taken seventy-six days to reach its destination! 28 SOUTHERN RHODESIA

I had another cover, also posted at Gwelo to the same destination, "20 AU 99. ", which arrived on "oc 6 99·" Backstamped at Bulawayo, "Au 21," Kimberley "Au 27," Durban (indistinct), Calcutta, "oc 3," and Secunderabad, "oc 6." Forty-seven days only.

HARTLEY HILL, MASHONALAND. S.C. 22 rom. Rare. HARTLEY, RHODESIA. S.C. 25 mm. About 1900. Variety "oc 31 h" ("14" inverted). HARTLEY, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in red. Named after Hartley, a hunter and well-known early explorer. HAHTLEY, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Large type. 29 mm. IlATfiELD, S. RHODESIA. D.C. large, 38 mm. 1931. HATFIELD, SALISBURY, S. RHODESB. D.C. large, 38 mm. HEADLANDS, RHODESIA. D .C. HEADLANDS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. About 1902. HEANY, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Named after Maurice Heany, an early pioneer. HEA.NY STATION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Copy dated "AUG 1930." HOPE FOUNTAIN, s. RHODESIA. D.C.A. Early L.M.S. Station. First "P.O." in Rhodesia. IIUNTCROr"'T, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1926, closed 1927. Very rare. HUNTERS ROAD, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Igii. Also in blue. (See photo, page 67.) Th!PERL>\.L PRESS CONFERENCE, S. RHODESL... D.C. 29 mm. Special cancellation 13 and 14 Feb. 1934. 1 NDARAMA, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1907, closed 1914. Rare. INDlVA SIDING, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1909, closed 19II. Very rare. INEZ MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1904. Rare. INGWANIA, MATABELELA.ND. S.C. 25 mm. ="Crocodile." Pen-dated. 1899. Known also undated. (See illustration, page 64.) INGWENIA. S.C. 25 mm. INORO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. ="Buffalo." Opened 1913, closed 1931. INSIZA, RIIODESJA. S.C. ="Something helpful." About 1895. ~.:r el INSEZA, RHODESIA. S.C. Error "E." Curious arrangement 95 INSIZA STATION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. INYANGA, RHODESIA. S.C. 25 mm. Prior to 1902. INYA.NGA, S. RHODESB.. D.C. ="The moon.'' Also in violet. I had a very rare cover posted there, addressed to Armagh, Ireland. It bears two ztd. stamps of Great Britain, purple on blue, S.G. zor, cancelled "rNYA.J.-.GA. RHODESIA. JY 21 99," also "T" over ''6o c." in an octagon, cancelled in blue pencil. lt is backstamped "UMTALI. MASHONALAND. JY 24 99·" It was evidently sent down to Beira by rail, and thence by steamer. The envelope is an official one of the British South Africa Company. The arrival date-stamp is "Aru.!AGH. AU r g 99·" (See photo opposite.) t ,, .. v •• eF• ':. l<. · • l ·.-· ·· ~~·_...... ,..,:: , -. i {·, t. I I"' i' S ~O~' I ,_I..·f\• \4 b- .,Y ~ ~~fl~-·•· ·· _:,• . .• ~1 : , ~· .., rt~l''!-l, fJ· 11 llj 99 . ~ ~

...... ' .. ~ • ..: J .- (f) 0 c: ~ ....>-! t:1- ::::!z ::::! ::: 0 t:l t:1 (/).... :>

The cover showing :British stamps used_in_Inyanga described on page 28

""\0 30 SOUTHERN RHODESJA

INYATI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. ="Nyati, a buffalo." Opened 1903, closed 1934· Also in violet. INYATZITZT, l'lfASHONALAND. S.C. 22 mm. Rare. (See illustration, page 64.) INYAZURA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. small. 1904. (See illustration, page 67.) INYAZURA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. INYOKA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. = "Nyoka, a snake." 1908. IRON MINE HILL, RHODESIA. S.C. About 1895. Variety: no year. (See photo, page 41.) IRON MINE HILL, S. RHODESIA. Small. 26 mm. Also in 27 mm. Larger type. D.C. Also in blue. JENKL.'

MATOPOS, S. RHODESIA. T.C. outer circles double. = "l\1ountains." 1903. (See illustration, page 66.) MATOPPOS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 25 nun. Opened about 1902, changed to MARSHLANDS in 1903. MATAP();; DAM, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1908. MAYFAIR MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1929, closed 1931, reopened 1934· (See photo, page 68.) MAZOE, RHODESI'A. S.C. small type. Before r8g6. Rare. MAZOE, RHODESIA. S.C. Jarge type. 25 mm. Variety APL ~ 03 ("5" inverted). (See illustration, page 64.) MAZOE, s. IUIODESIA. D.C. Two types (a) 28 rnm. lettering spaced, (b) 29 nun. lettering close. MAZUNGA. S. HIIODESIA. D.C. 1910. MDANJT, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1903. MELSETER, MASHONALAND. S.C. 22 mm. (One "T".) About 1899. (See illustration, page 64.) MELSETIER, s. RHODESIA. S.C. Variety: "

POSTMASTER GENERAL (in line above), POSTAL SERVICE, G.P.O., S. RHODESIA. D.C. below. NATIVE DEPT., SALISBURY. D.C. ="Native counter." Also T.C. SALISBURY, N. S. RHODESIA. ="Native counter." Also T.C. I

SHANGANI, MATABELELAND. S.C. small, 2I mm. ="::t junction." Postmark "MR 5 g6." SHANGANI, RHODESIA. S.C. Curious varieties of dates can be found, sometimes in manuscript. SHANGANI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. SHANGANI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. smaller type. SHANKURU l.HNE, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened and closed rgu. SHILOH, S. RHODESIA. S.C. An old London Missionary Society's station. SHILOH was so named by the Rev. T. M. Thomas, the missionary. It was a farm presented to him by Lobengula in 1875 on his retirement. His son, David, was murdered in r885 at his post on the Zambesi at the age of twenty-five. A mail runner was bringing letters for him from his father at Shiloh, and found his body hacked to death. Later Lobengula sent a punitive expedition and burned the kraal, but the murderer escaped. SIBALI, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 19II. SlBALI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. SINOIA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Three types in 28 mm., 29 mm., 31 mm. Originally LOMAGUNDI in r8g6, renamed SINOIA in rgo8 after a chief, Chinoia. SINOIA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. wide 38 mm. SIPOLILO, s. RHODESIA. D.C. 26 mm. Name of chief. Also in purple. 1903. Closed 1910, reopened 1913. Office of Game Reserve. Rare. SOMABULA, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Name of chief. 1914. Closed 1919, reopened 1922. SOTI SOURCE, S. RllODESIA. D.C. SOUTH HELVETIA, S. RHODESIA. S.C. Rare. SOUTH HELVETIA, S. RITODESIA. D.C. Opened 1910, closed 1922. SOUTH HELVETIA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. narrow circles, 29 mm. SPES BONA, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 1905. Rare. SPRINGVALE, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1924, closed 1927. Rare. STEYNSTROOM, RHODESIA. D.C. Opened prior to 1902, closed 1911. Very rere. SUSANNAH MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in violet. 1913. Very rare. SYRINGA, s .. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1903, closed 1929, reopened same year. Rare. (See photo, page 68.) TAFUNA, s. RHODES!i\. D.C. Name of royal family. Rare. SOUTHERN RHODESIA 3'/

TANDAAI, S. RHODESV\. D.C. Originally JOHA~NESRUST in 1926, renamed 1929. Rare. (See photo, page 68.) TARN ESTATE, S. RHODESI.\. D.C. 1913. TATI in manuscript. 15. 8. 88. Very rare. (See photo, page 36.) TAn. S.C. In July r8g6 stamps were unobtainable and letters were taxed 6d. "zAR-uPu." T 6o in octagon. TAn, MAT•\BELELAND. S.C. (See illustrations on page 36.) TEBE!ffi'E. S.C. Rare. TETE, A.T.T. COMPANY, P.O. ZA~ffiESIA. S.C. Very rare. THE RANGE, S. RHODESIA. 1903. Very rare. THE SPRINGS, S. RHODESIA. 1915. Very rare. THETA MINE, S. RHODESIA. 1904. Very rare. THEYDON, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Rare. T.P.O. UP., s. RHODESTA. D.C. Travelling post office, in use lC;)IZ-21. Rare. T.P.O. DOWN, S. RHODESL-\. D.C. Tra\·elling post office, in use 1912-21. Very raxe.

TRELAWNEY, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1926. (See photo, page 68.) TULI. S.C. r8go. FORT TULI. Mr. A. A. Jurgens has been good enough to send me the tracing of a hand stamp which did not appear in my lists. He discovered it on a letter sent from Fort Tuli to Mafeking, and it is in violet ink. There are no adhesive stamps on the cover, and the "MAFEI

UMLUGULU, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 22 nun. = "Whortleberry." About rgoo. Rare. (See illustration, page 64.) UMNIATI, s. RHODESit\. S.C. 25 mm. Rare. (See illustration, page 64.) UMSURURU, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1916. UMSWESWE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. ="A track by a river." 1907. u:r.tvuKWE, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1922, closed 1931. UMVUMA, s. RHODESTA. S.C. narrow type. rgo8. Rare. UMVUMA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. In three types, 27 mm., 28 mm., 29 mm. Uli1ZlNGWANI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Very rare. UMTALI (only). S.C. "r" over date. UMTALI, 1-IASHO!'t\LAND. S.C. ="Golden rod." Also in blue. I894· UMTALI, RHODESIA. S.C. ·without number over date, and with "o," "r," "2," "3," "4,'' "5," "6," "7'' or "g" over date ("8" probably exists). Nole.­ cancelled reroain<.lers have large "4." UMTALI, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in blue and purple. UMTALI, s. RHODESIA. D.C.A. Two types, 28 mm. and 31 rom., large wide lettering. UMTALI, s. RHODESIA. D.C. inner arcs joined. Also in blue and in blue-black. UMTALI, S. RHODESIA. D.C.A. Narrow circles, small type. 31 rum. U?>ITALT, S. RHODESIA. D.C. large, 38 mm. U1>1TALT, REGISTERED. In long oblong. UMTALI, POSTAGE PAID IN CASH. D.C. in red. UMTALI, NATIVE DEPT. D.C. See also OLD UMTALI. UMTAL!. FrontierstationonBeira by entry of Portuguese EastAfrica.Beira Railway. All inscriptions in long oblong frames. "Undelivered for reasons stated." "Return INCONNU. PARTI. to Unknown Gone away. sender." "Posted tate." "Posted on trai?~." "Without special fee." "TO PAY (at top). LINE FOR AMOUNT (centre) . U.T." (at foot). in large circle

BEIRA-U111TALI-AMBULANCIA (Travelling Post Office) . In three designs. (See illustrations.) SOUTHERN RHODESIA 39

UMYATI, S. RHODESIA. 25 mm. S.C. Rare (See illustration, page 64.) VERACITY MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened as VERACITY, S. RHODESIA, S.C., about 1900, renamed VERACITY MINE in 1908. Rare. VERMONT, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1924, closed 1926, reopened same year, closed 1929. Rare. VICTORIA. S.C. 22 mm. r8g2. Variety "6" over date. (See illustration, page 65.) VICTORIA, MASHONALAND. S.C. (See illustration, page 64.) VICTOlUA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. VICTORIA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. narrow type. VICTORIA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. large type. See also FOUT VICTORIA. VICTORIA FALLS, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in blue-green. 1904. In 26 mm. and 29 mm. VICTORIA FLS., S. RHODESIA. S.C. Rare. WANDERER MINE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. WANKlES, s. RHODESIA. S.C. 22 mm. = "After a Barotse chief, Uzanke." Called by the natives "Black stones that burn." Now WANKIE. rgoz. (See illustration, page 64.) WANKIES, s. RHODESIA. D.C. 1\vo types, small and medium lettering. Variety: inverted "1" in "1931". WANKIE, s. RHODESIA. D .C. Two types, small and thin small lettering. WANKIE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. large WANKIE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. narrow 37 mm. WANKIE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. wide, 38 mm. WATSOMBA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1923. (See photo, page 68.) WEDZA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 1927. WELLESLEY, S. RHODESIA. D. C. 1921. (See photo, page 67.) WES1'ACRE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 191!. WEST NICHOLSON, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Named after Capt. ]. S. Nicholson, who remained in charge at Bulawayo after the war in 1893. 1905. WILLOUGHBY'S HALT, S. RHODESL<\.. D.C. 19I9. Named after Sir John Willoughby, head of the B.S.A. Police. Also in blue. ZAKA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 30 mm. 1924. (See photo, page 67.) ZALOBA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1928, closed 1931. Rare. ZAWI, s. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1930, closed 1932, reopened same year. (See photo, page 67.) Zl MBABWE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Opened 1912, renamed GREAT ZIMBABWE in 1914- See GREAT ZIMBABWE. 40 SOUTHERN RHODESIA

LETTERS IN BARRED DIAl\IO~D

A used at Salisbury.

B 11 Bulawayo.

C 11 Umtali.

D 11 Bulawayo. E Bulawayo. €fA\? F Victoria. -~.... G 11 Umtali. H , Tuli. I Kopje Salisbury.

I< 11 Hartley Hill. (See p.3oto on page !7) Large thick 13 in barred oval- Bulawayo. Figure in barred diamond-J.

An 1892 cover from Tuli bearing ls. 4d. in B.S.A. Co's stamps cancelled "H" in a barred diamond and Js in Bechuanaland stamps cancelled at Macloustie SOUTHERN RHODESIA 41 FIGURES IN BARRED OVAL It is impossible to trace where most of these were in use. Probably some were used in Nyasatand, although ncarJy all can be found on early B.S.A.C. stamps. Possibly many of them were made up of loose numbers used indiscriminately, simply for cancellation purposes. Those identified are the only ones the G.P.O. at Salisbury are able to trace, or which have been found used conjointly with a town cancellation. 210, 246, 259, 274, 277, 300 (Fort Victoria), 306, 312 (Iron Mine Hill), 312 (in thick type), 390, 520 (Marande!Las), 557, 6o8, 634, 638 (Tati), 678 (Bulawayo, in large figures), 679 (Tati, in large figures), 8og, 816, 818, 822, 825 (Tuli), 826 (Victoria), 827 (Salisbury), 828 (Umtali), 829, 851, Bsz. 853 (Tshik­ wawa), 854, (Blantyre), 855 (Fort Johnston), 856, 859 (Fort Rosebery), 86o (Abercorn), 861 (Fort Lister), 863 (Zomba), 864 (Chinde), 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 871, 872 (Deep Bay in purple), 875, 877, 878, 8g6, 914 (Selukwc), 915, 919,921,924, 941 (Salisbury), 942, 951 (Gwelo), 952 (Plumtree}, 953 (Umtali), 954, 955, 957, 963, 976, 851 to 872 have been found on "B.C.A." overprint stamps (see list). [Publisher's Note: We should be glad to see any covers showing town names authenticating any numbers in above list which are unplaced, or information regarding them. Some may have been used in Northern Rhodesia.]

An example of the barred oval of Iron Mine Hill with the figures "312"

0 N ORTHERN RHODES IA POST TOWNS AND AGENCIES TO THE END OF r935

ABERCORN, B.C.A. S.C. Rare (See illustration, page 65) ABERCORN, N.E. RHODESIA .. D.C. ABERCORN, RHODESIA. D.C. An interesting cover from Abercorn to London shows not only the route followed at the end of r8g7, but also the dates at places en route, the time taken being from 6th J anuary to 8th April, r8g8:

"ABERCORN, B.C.A., JA 6" no year. "FIFE, B.C.A., JA ro" no year. Runner to Karonga. Steamer from ditto. "FORT JOIINSTON, B.C.A., FE rs g8." Runner to Blantyre and Chiromo. Steamer to Chinde. "CHINDE FE ? g8." Steamer to Capetown. "CAPETOWN MR .t8 g8." "LONDON AP 8 g8." Stamped. r8go rf-, B.C.A. overprint; r8gr, 2d. (2), B.C.A. overprint. Registered. Total postage I/4· 92 days. ARMY POST OFFICE, NORTHEHN RHODESIA. D.C. I9I5. (See photo on page 49.) BALOVALE, NORTHERN RHODESIA. D.C. Opened I93L Rare. BROKEN HILL, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C. Two types. 27 mm. and 32 mm. BROKEN HILL, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C.A. BROKEN HILL, N. RHODESIA. D.C.A. BROKEN HILL, N. RHODESIA. D. C. 26 mm., two types, lettering thick and close or tliin and spaced. BROKEN HILL, N. RHODESIA . D.C.T. (See illustration, page 66.) BROKEN HILL, NORTHERN RHODESIA. D.C.T. Two types, 29 mm. and 33 mm. *BWANAMKUBWA, N.w. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in blue. (See illustration, page 65.) *BWANA.MKUBWA, N. RHODESIA. D.C. Now overgrown with grass and bush. *CHANSA, N. RHODESIA. D.C. Very rare. (See illustration, page 65.) *cHIENJI, N.E. RHODESIA. S.C. Very Rare. (See illustration, page 65.) •cHIENGI, N. RHODESIA. D.C. Rare. *CHIENGI, NTH. RHODESIA. D.C. Rare. CHILANGA, NTH. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in blue. *CHINGOLO, N. RHODESIA. D .C. Originally NCHANGA (q.v.) . Rare. CHINSALI, N.E. RHODESIA. D.C. CHIPONGWE, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C. CHISAMBA, NORTHERN RHODESIA. D.C. * Now closed. 42 NORTHERN RHODESIA 43

*CHIWEFWE, N. RHODESIA. D.C. Purple. War-time P.O. I9I7-I8. Very rare. (See illustration, page 65.) CHOMA, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C. There was another CHOMA, at the extreme corner of N .E. RHODESIA. CHOMA, NORTHERN RHODESIA. D.C. Two types. CHOMA, NORTHERN RHODESIA. D.C.T.

*FEIRA. A very rare date-stamp. S.C. with "B.S.A.C." at top, star between two curved arrows at bottom, date in two lines across centre, nnder which, printed separately, "FEIRA" in bold capitals. Also in pw-ple. (See illustration, above.) *FEIRA (only) . SQ.C. Rare. *FEIRA, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C. opened 1901, closed I933· Also in purple. *FIFE, B.C.A. S.C. FIFE, RHODESIA. S.C. *FIFE, N.E. RHODESIA. S.C. Error "r4MY So." Variety, year omitted. *FIFE, NTHN. RHODESIA. D.C. *FIFE, RHODESIA. D.C. FORT JAMESON, N.E. RHODESIA. D.C. Two types, 25 mm. and 27 mm. FORT JM1ESON, N.E. RHODESIA. D.C.A. FORT JAMESON, N.E. RHODESIA. D.C.T. FORT JAMESON, N. RHODESIA. D.C. FORT JMfESON, NORTHERN RHODESIA. D.C.A. Two types, 27 mm. and 29 mm. FORT ROSEBERY, N.E. RHODESIA. S.C. FORT ROSEBERY, N. RHODESIA. D.C. *FUNDU, NTHN. RHODESIA. D.C. This place was in existence for very short periods. It was opened to deal with an outbreak of cattle plague, and the only white men there were a doctor, his assistant, and a policeman. Copy "17 sEP 1912." Also in 1914 "15 MAR 1914." Very rare. (See illustration, page 65.) A rare cover which I had was addressed to Owen Stroud, Esq. MPESENIS KRAAL. B.S.A. FORT JM1ESON ANGONILAND. It was sent from Blantyre by his brother-in­ Jaw, Hugh Marshall. It bears the postmarks "FORT JOHNSTON. 4 JU 99" D.C. "KOTA KOTA B.C.A. JY I 99" S.C. "FORT JAMESON. 21 JY 99" D.C. It should be noted that this letter was addressed to ANGONILAND, and is the only one I have ever seen with that place name. The name MPSENI (also spelt MPESENI) was in use as late as August 1899. Mr. * Now closed. 44 NORTHERN RHODESIA

Arthur Strutt has a cover sent from CHOLO (bearing a British Central Africa rd. stamp, black and blue) addressed to: Owen Stroud, Esq., cfo B.S.A. Co., Fort Jameson, Mpseni, postmarked at "cHOLO AU 5 99" S.C. "BLANTYRE. B.C.A. AU 8 99" S.C. "FORT JOHNSTON. AU 17 99" D.C. "KOTA l

ISOKA, N. RHODESIA. D.C. KAFUE, N.R. RHODESIA. D.C. Note the error "R" instead of "w." KAFVE, N.R. RHODESIA, D.C. Error "v" for "u" and "R" for "w". KALABO, N. RHODESIA. D.C. KALENE HILL, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C. Rare. KALO:MO (at foot), NORTH WESTERN RHODESIA (at top). D.C. First G.P.O. KALOMO, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C. I

LIVINGSTONE, N.W. H!lODESIA. D.C. Two types. LIVINGSTONE, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C.A. LIVINGSTONE, NORTHERN RHODESIA. S.C. 25 mm. Letters "11," "B," "c," " D ," "r:.," "F," "G," "H" and probably others are found under lop inscription. LIVINGSTONE, N. RHODESIA. D.C.A., lines joined to outer circle, 29 mm., also in blue and in blue-black. (See illustration, page 66.) LIVINGSTONE, N. RHODESIA. D.C.T. LIVINGSTOl'm, M.O. BRANCH. G.P.O. used postally, also in purple. LIVINGSTONE, RECORD BRANCH. G.P.O. used postally. OFFICIAL PAID, NORTHERN RHODESIA. In double oval, with crown and "POST OFFICE" in centre, in red. LIVINGSTONE, POSBL\STER GENERAL. D.C. LIVINGSTONE STATION, N. RHODESIA. D.C. RE'fURNED LETTER BRA.'{CH, LIVINGSTONE. N.R. D.C. RETURNED LETTER BRANCH (at top), LIVINGSTONE N.W.R. (at foot), D.C. LUANSHYA, N . RHODESIA. D.C. LUANSHYA, N. RHODESIA. D.C.A. LUANSHYA, NORTHERN RHODESIA. D.C. The great "ROAN ANTELOPE" mine. LUNDAZI, N.E. RHODESIA. SQ.C. LUNDAZI, N. RHODESIA. D.C. Two types. 26 mm. LUSAKA$, N.W. RHODESIA. D.C. The name was altered in 1924 to LUSAI

· Now closed. 46 NORTHERN RHODESIA

The front of a remarkable cover posted at Kasama on AP 21 03 and arriving at Mpiga on AP 25 03. where the date-stamp of the squared circle type was applied. Note the position of the town name and the curious "M" which bas an extra leg. Two days later the cover left Mpiga when it received another impression of the date stamp on the back (see page 14)­ note the dUferent "M" as well as the different position of the word and the spacing of the letters NORTHERN RHODES IA 47

' L

The back of the cover: illustrated and described on the previous page. After leaving Mpiga the letter reached Nawalia on AP 28 03 and Salisbury on 28 MY 03. On JU 20 03 the letter passed through London and arrived at Salisbury, Wiltshire on the same day 48 NORTHERN RHODESIA

MONZE, N. I

* Now closed. NORTHERN RHODESI A 49 Petauke N E Rhodesia Mar 111902

PETAUKE (at top), N.E. RHODESIA (centre). Date at foot . In three horizontal lines. Also in purple. Very rare. * RHODESL-\, B.C.A. D.C. Dated JA 4 98. Very rare. *RHODESIA, B.C.A. S.C. Dated NO 17 96. Renamed KALUNGwrsr in 1898. Very rare. *SATI

i' l\ . .t.. ~ ....•....f ~······ ·· ··'··:· .. ···.. ····

The field post office stamp used during the 1914-18 War when a small mixed force of R hodesians and Belgians successfully resisted German attacks against the northern border • Now closed. SO NORTHERN RHODESIA •suMBU, N.E. RHODESIA. D.C. Very rare. (See illustration, page 65.) *TANGANYIKA, B.C.A. D.C. Very rare. (See illustration, page 65.) WALAMBA, N. RHODESIA. D.C. Rare. ZTMBA, NORTHERN RHODESIA. D.C. Rare. PosTAL AGENCIES named in Administrative Reports of r8g8, etc., are all now closed: CHIBWA, CHILABULA, CHILONGA, CHIRENJI, CHITAMBO, CHOMA (near Tanganyika), FORT HARGREAVES, FORT YOUNG, IKAWA, IKOMBA, INGULU, INUGU, JESSIE ?.UNE, JOHNSTON FALLS, KAMBOLE, KAPUTU, KASAKALAWE, KAWIMBWE, KAY AMBO, KAZEMBES, KIEWA, KlTUTA, LUBUNGU, LUENA, MAMBWE MBERESHI, MUSHYOTA, MWANAMWAPl, MWENZO, NGUMBO, NIAMKOLO, NKALA. Of the numerals in barred ovals listed on page 41, none have as yet been identified as being used in Northern Rhodesia.

1903. The first Post Office at Livingstone DERIVATION OF NAMES. There are in Northern Rhodesia some sixty-eight or seventy tribes, and each has a distinct dialect, many of which differ considerably from the neighbouring group. For that reason no claim is made for exactitude for some of the translations, as the meanings vary according to the tribe, and they present many pitfalls. In some ca~es two meanings are given for that reason. Mr. J. E. Stephenson, who has resided for forty years in the country, has had unique opportunities for learning many of the dialects. He has kindly made special inquiries from native chiefs with regard to the postal names in the list which I sent to him, and has thus enabled me to compile a practically complete series, which is of great interest. The list includes all post offices and postal agencies, and it was checked and passed by the Postmaster-General of Northern Rhodesia as correct in I935·

Abercom, Duke of Abercorn, an attacked by a large body of Arabs original director of the B.S.A.C. and Awemba, and with ten natives Balovale kept them at bay for flve days Broken Hill, after the great mine in until reinforcements arrived. He Australia was watching the slave route near *Bwanamkubwa, great chief Mirongo *Chansa, a great plain, kind of guitar *Fundu, maxims, axioms Chibwa, caracal, S.A. lynx *Ikawa, something is there, look! *Chienji, a fu·ebrand *Ikomba, no reference Chilabula, ransom *Ingulu, leg of meat, thigh Chilanga, the longed for *lnugu, snuff fl:l.vouring Chilonga, big river bank lsoka *Chingolo, uncommon name for zebra *Johnston Falls, Sir Harry H. Johnston Chinsali, untidy, unkempt Kafue, big (or small) river of hippo­ Chipongwe, insistence, to insist potami *Chirenji, a burnt clod of earth Kalabo, evil intent, evil tllought Chisamba, iguana, a reptile *Kalcne Hill *Chitambo, the gazed upon *Kaleya, bend low, my brother, bend *Chiwefwe, hot place low! Choma, big drum Kalomo, little lip *Feira, fair (market), old Portuguese *Kalunguisi, big (or small) green *Fife, Duke of Fife, an original director meadows of the B.S.A.C. *Kambole, ratel, a quadruped Fort Jameson, Dr. L. Starr Jameson Kansanshi, cane rat Fort Rosebery, Lord Rosebery Kapirirnposhi, big (or small) hill of *Fort Young, R. A. Young, who was "mpo" fruit trees •Now closed 51 52 NORTHERN RHODESIA *Kaputu, no reference game, which was appreciated by *Kasakalawe, laterite, bog-iron them, as it was scarce elsewhere. It Kasama, big (or small) clearing in a "stocked the pot." Elephants were wood useful, as they could climb inside, and Kasempa, Kasampa, cutting of tendon cut away at the flesh! One white man *Kashitu, little thicket shot ninety hippos in one season *Katwe, little head Mporokoso, brandishing, flourishing Kawambwa, the nailed one Mufulira, forges *Kawimbe, cucumber *Mulungushi, wide meadowland *Kayambo, question, interrogation Mumbwa, jackal *Kazembe, royal axe, flies *Mushyota, nips *Kazungula, sausage tree *Mwanamwapi, no reference *llibwa, block of salt, big (or small) dog *Mwenzo, fear *Kituta, deadly spot, foolhardiness M winilunga, owner of Lunga River Lealui Mwomboshi, payment of ransom Livingstone, Dr. David Livingstone *Namwabani Luanshya, pleasant meadows Namwala, Mrs. Mwala *Luena, crocodile river *Nawalia, Mrs. Walia Lundazi, affluent river, tributary to *Nchanga, night ape another river or lake Ndola, I see, I am looking! Lusaka, thicket *Ngumbo, no re[erence Luwingu, tax, offering of meal *Niamkolo, Namkola, senior wife *Magoye "" Nkala, I arrest, I hold up! *Mambwe, jackal Nkana, Nkana-ya-lowe, a lunch Mankoya, roots from which drink is Pcmba made Petauke, windings Mazabuka Rhodesia, the fii"st "Rhodesia" *Mbereshi *Sakontwi, spear monkey *l\1irongo,· post formed by Major P. W. Sasare, prickly Forbes, to check Arab slave-dealers Scnango, catcher of chita crossing to P.E.A. Serenje, make-weight when selling Mission siding Shesheke, Sesheke, market town M.kushi, a tree Solwezi, a leader Mongulcalui *Sumbu, hunting net, island Monzc *Tanganyika, after the lake Mpika, cooking pot. Named by natives \Valamba, see inset because it was surrounded by much Zin1ba, skunk, stoat *Now closed. BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA

I HAVE describedt the early postal services of Nyasaland as being the initiation of the "runner" services in that territory under the auspices of the British South Africa Company in its "Sphere of influence"-which e:xtemled beyo~td tl~e borders of what is now Nyasaland, across the northern portion of British Central Africa, subsequently known as North-Eastern Rhodesia. The following post offices in iXyasalancl proper, marked with an asteri:.k, together with those enumerated below!, constitute the complete series of post offices opened at that time (1893) in the "sphere" of Hrilish Central Africa, all connect.ed by river, lake, or "rwmer" services. Several of the following cancellations may be found on th.e British South Africa Company stamps as well as on those overprinted "B.C.A." They are the only ones known to me, of which I had copies, postally used. Some of these date-stamps, such as Zomba, Chiromo, and Chinde, can l>e found on stamps of high denominations: £r, £2, £5, £ro, and £25. In the case of the {,I they may possibly have been genuinely postally used, but with regard to the higher values, Mr. Hugh :Marshall definitely states that they were never thus used, but were in pa:Fment for game licences. It will be remembered that he w;u; administrator and postmaster at the time and dealt with these matters. Very oftC'n a big game hunter, who may ha\·e been a stamp collector, when applying for a licence, made the request that the stamp or stamps affixed to it should be cancelled by the postal cancellation stamp. On the expiration of the licence the stamps could be detached. This accounts for the cancellations being invariably carefully centred on lh.e stamps. As Mr. Marshall remarked to me, "it was immaterial to us how it was done as long as the stamps were cancelled, in fact we used any brass stamp which happenetl. to be at hand, or pen-cancelled them, and that applied to all stamps, postal or others." It may therefore be that stamps which bear the large Hscal cancellation with the place-name in the centre, ".Ruo," "zO;\rB.\," "BL\:\TYRE," etc., have been used postally. Some of the high value stamps may be found carefully clean(;d of the fiscal or pen cancellation, with furgecl postal obliterations. These remarks apply also to the stamps of subsequent issues.

DANDAWE, B.C.A. D.C. *DLANTYRE (only). Double narrow circles. *BLANTYRE, B.C.A. S.C. and SQ.C. *TSHINDE, B.C.A. S.C., later renamed cmNDE. British Concession in P.E.A. Sorting Post Office. •xow closed t"The Romance of the Posts of Rhodesia." tAbercom, Fife, Katwe, Rhodesia and Tanganyika. 53 54 BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA

*CHINDE, B.C.A. SQ.C. and S.C. *TSHIKWAWA, B.C.A. S.C., later renamed CHIKWAWA. *CHIJ

NI

1894. One of the rare covers show;ng the use of the rare "K" in barred circle at Mlanje

•Now closed 56 BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA

.... ) c;1.

An early Ruo cover, 1892

l

The Mail Coach Office at Bulawayo- VAN ZEEDERBURG'S Coach starting for Salisbury NYASALAND. IN dealing with the cancellation of Nyasaland Protectorate, formerly known as British Central Africa, those of a later date should be added to those already given, and the following probably complete those in use up till 1933. In the future they will possibly be included in the Rhodesian group, as there appears to be a prospect that the two Rhodesias and Nyasaland may be amalgamated. Some of those enumerated below are obsolete, as the post offices have been closed.

DATE-STAMPS.

BALAKA, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 29 mm. BLANTYRE, NYASALA.. 'In (at top). Thick segment of circle, with dot in centre (at foot). SQ.C. BLANTYRE, NYASALAND. D.C.T. BLANTYRE, NYASALAND. D.C.A. BLANTYRE (only). D.S.C. (See illustration, page 6g.) BLANTYRE, REGISTERED. D.C.T. BLANTYRE, NYASALAND. D.C. with slogan attached: "NYASALAND. DARKEST AFRICA IN FAIREST MOOD." CHIKWAWA, NYASALAND. D.C.A. CHILEKA, NYASALAND. D.C. Special post o:tlice for Air Rally, 23rd and 24th May, I933· Near Blantyre. Rare. (See illustration, page 6g.) CHINDE, B. P.o. (at top only). SQ.C. Thick segment at foot. Also with two segments with + in centre. Rare. CHINDE (at foot), BRITISH CONCESSION (at top). D.C.T. CHINTECHE (only). D.C.S. CHINTECHE, NYASALAND. D.C.A. CHIRADZULU, NYASALAND. D.C.T. (See illustration, page 6g.) CHIROMO, NYASALAND. D.C.A. CHIROMO, M.O.B., NYASALAND. SQ.C. CHOLO, NYASALAND. D.C.A. DEDZA, NYASALAND. D.C.A. Closed I8gg, reopened 1905, DEDZA (only). D.C.S. DOMIRA BAY, NYASALAND. D.C.T. Rare. DOWA, NYASALAND. D.C.T. and SQ.C. FORT JOHNSON, NYASALAND, D.C.T. Error, "T" omitted. FORT JOHNSTON (only) . D.C.S. Two types, lettering spaced and close (See illustra­ tion, page 6g.) FORT JOHNSTON, NYASALAND. D.C.T. FORT JOHNSTON, M.O.B., NYASALAND. SQ.C. 57

E 58 BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA

FOIH LISTER (only). D.C.S. FORT LISTER (in penscript). S.C. No name stamp available. FORT MANNING (only). D.C.S. FORT MANNING, NYASALA~D. D.C.A. KARONGA, NYASALAND. D.C.A. Formerly the port on the lake connecting with the old Stephenson Road. KJ\RONGA, M.O.B., NYASALAND. SQ.C. KASUNGU, NYASALAND. D.C.T. Replaced NGARA (q.v. B.C.A.) 1<)22. KOTA-KOTA (only). D.C.S. KOTA-KOTA {only) S.C. KOTA-KOTA, NYASALAND. D.C.A. (See illustration, page 6g.) LAKE POST, NYASALAND. Double narrow circles. Jn violet Mr. Jepson, at one time P.M.G. of Nyasaland, now retired and resident in England informs me that the Government steamer Gumwl~len made a monthly trip round Lake Nyasa, being away a fortnight. People could post their letters on board. The steamer picked up and deposited mails where there was a post office. This date-stamp was used on board. LIKO:!IfA (only). D.C.S. Island on the Jake. LILONGWE, ~LO.B., NYASALAtm. SQ.C. LILONGWE, NYASALAND. D.C.A. / LILONGWE, NYASALAND. D.C.T. LILONGWE (only). D.C.S. LIMBE, NYAS:\LAND. S.C. Headquarters of the railway system. LIMBE, NYASALAND. D.C.T. LIMBE {only). D.C.S. LIMBE SHOWGROUND. D.C. Agricultural Show, special post office. One day only, 16th July, 1932. Rare. LIMBE, NYASALAND. D.C. with slogan attached: "S)WKE D1PERI.\LLY." LIVINGSTONIA, NYASAL:u'IID. D.C.A. Established in 1875 on the lake. Later removed to Bandawe as it was an unhealthy spot. Founded to suppress the slave trade. LIV1NGSTONIA NYASALAND. SQ.C. LIWONDE, NYASALAND. S.C. LIWONDE, NYASALAND. D.C.A. LOMBADZI (only). D.C. (large). Temporary station for tobacco-buyers, 28th. July, 1933. (See illustration, page 69.) LUCHENZA (only). D.C.T. LUCHENZA, NYASALAND. D.C.A. (See iilustration, page 6g.) LUJIRE (only). SQ.C. Rare. LUJIRE (only) . D.C.S. MIKOLONGWE, NYASALAND. D.C./\.. ~m\OLONGWE (only). D.C.S. MKOHMA, NYASALAND. S.C. Rare. (See illustration, page 69.) 'MJ,ANGENI, NYASALAND. D.C.T. BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA 5?

'MLANGENr (only). D.C. MLANJE (only). D.C.S. (See illustration, page 6g.) MLANJE, NYASALAND. SQ.C. Rare. Also D.C.T. MLANJE, ::-IYASALAND. D.C. with slogan attached: "DIUNK NYASALAND TEA." MZIMBA, NYASAL,\ND. SQ.C. Rare. MZIMBA, NYASALAND. D.C.T. (See illustration, page 6g.) NA~IADZJ, NYASALAND. D.C.T. NAMWERA (only) . D.C.S. NCHEU, NYASALAND. S.C. Rare. Also D.C.T . NENO, NYASALAND. D.C:.t\. NENO, M.O.D., NYASALAND. SQ.C. NENO (only). D.C.S. NJULI, NYASALAND. D.C.T. (See illustration, page 6g.) :NTOND\VE, NYASALAND. D.C.T. N YA SALAND. F.F. over elate. SQ.C. ?\o. 23 14. Note irregular spacing. Rare. NYASALAND F.F. (followed by 2, 3, 5, I4 or 23 over date). SQ.C. PORT HERALD, NYASALAND. D.C.T. PORT HERALD, M.O.B., NYASALAND. SQ.C. SANDA~M. NY.\SALAND. D.C.T. (See illustration, page 69.) SHR TPO (ai. top). SQ.C. Irregular loose type. Shire Highland Railway. Travelling post office. Rare. (See illustration, page 6g.) SHR., TPO. (only). D.C.S. Rare. T.P.o., NYASALAND. D.C.T. Tra,·elling post office. T.r.o ., NORTH. D.C.S. VUA (only). Rare. SQ.C. (See illustration, page 69.) \'UA (only). D.C.S. Very l~arc. zo~mA, NYASALAND. Thick segment at fout. SQ.C. 20;\fBA, NYASALAND. D.C.T. ZOMBA (only). D.C.S. ZOMBA, NYASALAND. D.C. ZOMBA, lii.O.B., NYASALAND. SQ.C. ZOMBA, NYASAL:\ND. D.C. with slogan attached: "DRINK NYASALi\ND TEA .1\ND COFFEE." ZOMBA. OFFICIAL PAID. NYASALAND (date at foot). S.C. OFFICIAL PAID (at top), ZO.MBA (at foot). S.C. In red. ZOMBA (at top), REGISTERED (at foot). D.C.T. F.P.o . (only) double narrow circles. Also in violet. F.P .o . (broken segment at foot with number I, 2, 3 or 4 between). D.C. FffiLD POST OFFICE (with number 5, 7, 8 or 9 at foot.) D.C. F .P.O. NO (followed by I or 6) (only). SQ.C. F.P .O. (at top), 7 or to (over date) B.C.A. (at foot). SQ.C. FIRST NYD AIRMAIL (at top), D.C. 32 nun. NYD N RHOD AIRMAIL (at top) D .C. 32 m.m. 60 DRITISII CENTRAL AFRICA

The "zoMBA, NYASALAND," SQ.C., date-stamp is also to be found on "N.F." A curious thick arrowhead obliteration was also used for bulk parcels. There may be date-stamps of l\Iatopc, Ekwcndeni, Bandawe, fort l\faquire, Kasanga, Salima, Mpandas and Lw1zu, but I had no copies.

The first Post Office r•t Marandillas OFFICIAL FRANKS No more striking evidence can be produced than this list of "Official Franks" of the various Government Departments, to show the remarkable development of Rhodesia during the first fifty years of British administration. They speak for themselves and necessitate .no further comments from me. They are from the collection of Mr. Hugh Saunders, B.A., F.R.P.S.L., who has had unique opportunities for collecting them and they C0\'er the period up to 1935 only. SALISBURY Name in oval surmounted by a In oblong "box" crown. Ministry of Co-ordination of Supplies In purple or black ink. and Industrial Development. 19II Prime Minister Department of Agriculture Name in plain oval without crown Department of Internal Affairs Department of Civil Aviation Department of Justice Department of Customs and Excise Department o£ Lands Department of J ustice. 1934 Department of Mines and Public Works Chief Native Commissioner Department of Publicity Chief Registering Office Criminal Investigation Department Chief Veterinary Surgeon Defence Department District Postmaster's Office Imnrigration Department Government Archivist Native Development Department Governor's Office Government Hospital Geological Survey Office High Court of Southern Rhodesia The Hospital Government Archives l\fines and Works Legislative Assembly Office of the Forest Officer Treasury Paymaster for Defence. 1934 Accountant Mines and Works Revenue Office. Treasury Chief Entomologist Public Health Department Fixed Centre Paymaster Water Registrar Registrar of Deeds and Patents School Revenue Office In one straight line Income Tax Department Chief Engineer. G.P .O. BULAWAYO Name in plain oval without crown Chief Superintendent B.S.A. Police District Paymaster's Office Asst. Master's Office District Veterinary Surgeon Asst. Magistrate Education Department British Empire Service League Hospital 61 62 OF FICIAL FRANKS Inspector of Schools Name in oval without crown Magistrate A.\1ANDAS, Native Commissioner Matopo School of Agriculture BEIT.BIUDGE, Pass Officer Roads Office BlKITA, Native Commissioner Technical School EN~ELDOORN, Public School G'WAND;\, Civil Commissioner In oblong "box" GWANDA, G.C. and Magistrate Central Fingerprint Bureau. C.I.D. GWELO, Magistrate's Office Headquarters Office Investigation Dept. GWELO, Hospital In straight line GATOOMA, Hospital District Forest Officer- Matabeleland H.\RTLEY, Native Commissioner Principal BuJawayo Coloured School PLUMTREE, Plumtree School Name in oval surmounted by a UMTALI, Umtali Hospital · crown UMT.\LI, Public School Governor UMTt\LI. Immigration Dept. G.C. and Magistrate V1CTORIA FALLS, The Curator The Chief Immigration Officer VJCTORL\ F.\LLS. B.S.A. Police Income Tax Office WANJ\IE, Native Commissioner Education Officer NORTHERN RHODESIA Name in oval surmounted by a Name in oval without crown crown LIVINGSTONE, Administrator General LUSAKA, Governor's Office LIVINGSTONE, Chief Secretary's Office LIVINGSTONE, Commissioner of Income N ame in oval without crown Tax LUSAKA, Attorney General's Office LIVINGSTONE, Controller of Customs LUSAKA, Chief Secretary's Office UVINGSTONE, Department of Lands and LUSAJCO, Dbtrict Commissioner KALOMO, District Commi.c;.s1oner SESHEKE, District C<>mmissioner KALOMO, Post Office (in two lines) Other Dbtrict Commissioners bad KALOMO, District Officer in Charge "franking stamps" KASAMA, District Commissioner At the end of March 1939 an interesting discovery was made at Salisbury by C. ]. Swift, Esq., the Postmaster-General. Following on the find of the earliest Rhodesian cancellations, illustrated on pages 16 and 18, a further search was made, and several other stamps were found, many of them being those of the rarest town stamps used on the early stamps. T hese are illustrated here. It will be noted thnt four of them arc impressions of Bcchuannland settlements, and they were evidently used on the mail train on letters collected ul '"'"' 111111111 ~. lh·t>l'l' llu· tliNt:ov<·ry ()(the cancdltnion stnmps at Snlif!bury zz ...... x- . o.s

Abave. Left and below. "S.C." Types of "D.C."Typesof single circles double circles

J 66 OFFICIAL FRANI

• S t AU'' Types of "Squared circles" (loose type)

L "T.C." Types of three circles

r- r-

D.C.A. D.C. arcs joined· D.C.T.

r------::- I A -- l. ~ID-:?,...... _... ..-...... s ' ~ " L ·- • D.C. double arcs Barred diamond Barred oval Double circle impressions supplied by the post office in 1935 Double circle impressions supplied by the post office in 1935 r~v4~ tl PM ~~E~ ... . -SQ.C

s.c D.C.

SQ.C. Squared circle. S.C. Sinl!'lc: circle. D.C. Double circle. D.C.T. ":-!YASALA.'ID" at foot. D.C.S. th1ck 'legmcnt of circle at foot, D.C.A. Arcs. Types of Nyasaland postmarks APPENDIX I* POSTAL HISTORY

SOUTHERN RHODESIA

The Mashonaland Mail service was first opened by Capt. Selous in the eighties when he opened up the road to Fort Tuli in the extreme south of the count-ry. The southem terminus was Mafeking (in British Bechuanaland) and it coincided with the route to Matabeleland th1·ough Kanye and Molepolole to Palachwe (Bechuanaland Protectorate) where it branched off east along the northern bank of the Limpopo. The next post town was Macloutsie (the last in the Protectorate) and the road then crossed the Shashi river to Fort Tuli. The extension of the road north to Hampden Hill was organised by Rhodes and his colleagues, and the party left Tuli on nth July, r8go. Huts were ercclcd every twenty miles to serve as postal relay stations and Forts established at Victoria

SM.IS8 UllJ

l!fCHUIINALIINll

'PftOTECTO'RIIT £

P1HTORIA

*The Appendices I, II and III :'Ire all reprinted from the Encyclopaedia of Empire Postaue Stamp~. Vol. II, 1949. Appendix I is based on the late H. C. Dann's work "The Romance of the Posts of Rhodesia" 70 APPENDIX I 71 (August 13th), Charter (September 3rd) and Salisbury (September IIth). A reguJar horse post service was immediately established and at first the stamps of British Bechuanaland were used. Illustrated is one of the early covers from Fort Tuli in 1891 before the use of the B.S. A. Co. adhesives and another of 1892 with adhesives (see pages 37 and 40). The Mafeking-Gubulawayo R1m1£er P ost. This service was proposed by the Rev. J. S. Moffat, Assistant Commissioner of Northern Bechuanaland and put into operation on 7th August, r888; it lasted for little over a year by which time the postal service had so far developed that a mail cart service was started. The runner service has a romantic history which may be studied by the collection of the cancellations. An extra postal charge of 2d. per t oz. was made within the Protectorate and 4d. per t oz. for mail carried beyond. Five postal agencies were established on the road north of Mafeking-Kanye, Molepolole, Shoshong, Tati and Gubulawayo. All these were issued with a circular, date stamp, with the name of the agency at the top and "BECHUANALAND' at the foot. Examples of this cancellation for Tati and Gubulawayo are only known dated 2u•t August, 1888, for immediately after the name Bechuanaland was erased from the date stamp and later dates have the word omitted. On the only previous (the first) trip, the mail at Tati was cancelled in MSS., being later obliter­ ated with the Mafeking numeral "638." The mail ran weekly between Mafekin.g and Shoshong and fortnightly between Shoshong and Gubulawayo, then the capital of Matebeleland. The first inter-colonial postal service on a permanent basis came into operation on August rst, 1892 and was between British Bechuanaland, the Cape Colony and the British South Africa Co. The rates of postage are fully detailed in Jurgens' work* and the letter rates per t oz. were: for delivery within Mashonaland or the Trans-Protectorate, 2d.; where addressed to Bechuanaland, the Protectorate, Orange Free State, South African Republic, the Cape Colony or Natal, 4d.; for the U.K. and elsewhere overseas, Bechuanaland rates plus zd. per -!oz.; to or from Mashonaland to any part of the world other than the Trans-Pro­ tectorate, zd. Registration was 4d. per item. The Tati District saw the use of the British South Africa Company's stamps from April 1894 until September r8g8, for the last fourteen months of this period, the District was no longer under the administration of the Company but the latter administered the postal system.

*"The Bechuanalands" by A. A. Jurgens. 72 APPENDIX I

NORTHERN RHODESIA In order that this subject may be more clearly understood we will first deal with North West Rhodesia, the old kingdom of Barotseland. About 1890 there were some ten whites in this territory which was over zoo,ooo square miles in area. The first mail route north of Bulawayo was opened in 1897 to Livingstone and Kalomo. From these settlements a runner service went north-west to Lealui (the first capital sometimes spelt Mongulealui) with a branch track to Mankoya. A northerly service ran through Namwala, Mwnbwa to Kasempa, where the road forked to the north-west to Mwinilunga and north to Solwezi. Prior to building of the railway north of the Zambesi river which was commenced in 1904, all mail was carried by runners. Also in the late nineties, the great North Road was opened up with a runner service aJld tills travelled from Kalomo through Mazabuka, Lusaka and Broken Hill to Ndola. At Lusaka and and at Broken Hill, there were branches which led to N .E. Rhodesia, the first via Petauke to Fort Jameson and the second via Mkushi to Serenje and Mpika (see N.E. RHODESIA}. The Air M a·il Service was inaugurated on December r8th, 1931 when the Broken Hill-Cape Town route was opened, picking up mail at Salisbury, Bulawayo and Johannesburg en route. The first service north was flown on January 28th, 1932, when some hundred letters were carried from Bulawayo and a hundred and fifty from Salisbury to Athens, via Cairo. On the following day another plane left Broken Hill for Athens via Nairobi. Other first flights in 1932 were: January 29th: Mpika and Broken Hill to Cape Town. March znd: Mpika or Broken Hill to Nairobi. June znd: Mpkia and Broken Hill to England. August 26th: Broken Hill to Elizabethville. North Eastern Rhodesia. The first posts were those carried by the nmners employed by the missionaries sending their mail to Portuguese Territory so that it could reach a port and so find its way on to a steamer bound for Europe. In r886 the African Lakes Corporation opened a trading station at Mandala (now Blantyre in Nyasaland Protectorate) and handled for an additional charge such little pre­ paid mail as came out of Central Africa. Tllese letters were forwarded to the British Vice-Consul at Quillemaine (Portuguese East Africa) where local adhesives were affixed to carry the mail to its destination. From r89r to 1894 this area was administered from Zomba (now Nyasaland) but in that year it passed into the hands of the British South Africa Co. It is not generally appreciated that the area under the Company's administration included most of the country that was later to become Nyasaland. In 1889 the Company's charter was amended to cover this area and in the same year the British Govern­ ment declared a protectorate over the Shire district with Blantyre as the centre. Two years later the area protected was extended to include South Nyasa with Zomba as the chief town. The northern area still remained under the B.S.A. Co.'s APPENDIX I 73

administration using their stamps overprinted "B.C.A." until r895. These stamps are listed under Nyasaland Protectorate although they could with equal merit be included with the early issues of Rhodesia, for they are known used at Abercorn, Fife, Fort Rosebery, Chienji and Sumbu. In 1893-94, twenty-three post offices were opened in what is now Nyasaland and N.E. Rhodesia, those in the latter being Abercom, Fife, Katwe, Tanganyika (the village and district in Rhodesia, not to be confused with Tanganyika Ter­ ritory), Sumbu, Rhodesia (later Kalunguisi), Johnston Falls, Fort Rosebery, Chienji and Sakontwi; there were also several postal agencies opened south of Lake Tanganyika. In 1891 a concession was obtained from the Portuguese to use Tshinde (later Chinde) at the mouth of the Zambesi where mail to and from Northern Rhodesia and British Central Africa (as well as the Congo and Tanganyika Terri­ tory) could be handled by a British clearing post office. This concession ceased in 1923. From time to time post offices were closed and others opened and in I935 the far north only had seven-Abercorn, Chinsali, Fort Rosebery, Isoka, Kasarna, Kawambwa and Mporokoso. Frequently names were changed. The roads from Broken Hill (see earlier paragraphs on North Western Rhodesia) led to Mpika, the centre from which runner services served the thirteen post offices at Fort Jameson (G.P.O.), Petauke, Serenje, Sakontwi, Fort Rosebery, Luena, Mporokoso, Kasama, Abercorn, Fife, Mirongo, Nawalia and Kalungwisi. In 1908 the arrival of the head of the railway at Broken Hill caused a complete change in the routing of letters, which then travelled to Cape Town direct and so on to England. In the early days it was customary to send the postal charges for a letter with the runners when the adhesives of the locality to which they were addressed were affixed. This fact accounts for the mail. from Matabeleland and Northern Rhodesia bearing Bechuanaland, Z.A.R. Transvair, Natal and or Portuguese East African adhesives. 19r4-18 War. Rhodesian Police occupied the Caprivi Concession in. S.W.A. in 1914 and it is possible that a field post office was used but we have been unable to find any record of such. A small mixed force of Rhodesians and Belgians successfully resisted German attacks against northern border and the defence of Saisi in June 1915 was a notable affair. A field post office stamp is known as illustrated on page 49· The ftrst Rhodesian Regiment fought under Botha in S.W.A. and the second Regiment left in March 1915 for German East Africa. Early in 1916 Brig. Gen. Northy assumed command and crossed the N.E. border into German Territory.

F 74 APPENDIX I

NYASALAND The first postal service was the unofficial runner service initiated to carry mail from the missionary stations around the south of Lake Tanganyika and the north of Lake Nyasa. The mail went by runner through Nyasaland to Lake Nyasa which was crossed by steamer, then by runners to the Shire River, from whence the mail was carried by steamer to Chinde. In r8gr the Imperial post opened its first post office at Chiromo and Port Herald. In 1893 the postal service was greatly extended throughout the British South Africa Company's territory in British Central Africa and the following post offices opened in 1893 or 1894 in what is now the protectorate: Blantyre, Tshinde (later Chinde), Tshikwawa (later Chikwawa), Tshiromo (later Chiromo) , Deep Bay, Fort Lister, Fort Anderson, Fort Johnston, Karonga, Leopard Bay, Likoma, Fort Liwonde (later Liwonde), Mpimbi, :MJ.anje, Fort Mlanje, Port Herald and Zomba. The growth of the postal service closely followed that of Northern Rhodesia, with which it was closely connected.

The "Zambesia Mail and Passenger Service" coach APPENDIX II

POSTAL RATES

SOUTHERN RHODESIA

(unless otherwise mentioned letters per t oz., newspapers per 2 oz.) 1888: Matabeleland Gubuluwayo-Mafeking Runner Post (see page 7r) 6d. r8go: To England, 6d. r8gr: To England, 4d. r8g2: Within Mashonaland- letters, 2d.; newspapers, td. per 4 oz.; books, td. per oz.; parcels, zd. per 4 oz. Elsewhere in South Africa-letters, 4d.; newspapers rd. per 4 oz.; books, rd. per oz.; zd. per 2 oz., 3d. per 4 oz.; parcels, 3d. per 4 oz. Overseas-Bechuanala.nd rates plus zd. pert oz. Registration, 4d. r8gg: Letters to Cape, 3d.; to U.K., 4d.; to other countries, sd.; postcards to Cape, rtd.; to U.K., 2d.; to other countries, ztd. On April rst r goo Southern Rhodesia joined the U.P.U. rgoo: To countries overseas--letters, 4d., postcards, rd.; newspapers, rd.; To N.E. Rhodesia-letters, zd. To South Africa outside S.R. and South of the Zambesi -letters, 2d.; postcards, rd.; newspapers, td. rgor: Letters-internal, rd.; other parts of Africa, zd.; overseas, 4d. Postcards­ anywhere, rd. Newspapers-internal, td. per 4 oz.; other parts of Africa, td. per 2 oz.; overseas, rd. per 4 oz. r902: Letters overseas, z!d. r903 : Letters anywhere in Africa, rd. r9o6: All Rhodesia to B.C.A.-letters, rd.; postcards, td.; newspapers, td.

NORTHERN RHODESIA

In N.E. Rhodesia the letter rate prior to r9oo was 6d. to U.K. but in that year it was reduced to 4d. Letters to Southern Rhodesia were zd. per t oz. r903: Letters-anywhere in Rhodesia, rd.; to B.C.A., G.E.A., and British South Africa, zd.; overseas, ztcL. Postcards-internal (i.e. N.E.R. ),td.; elsewhere, rd.; newspapers, td. except overseas, rd. No definite information is available about the postal rates in N.W. Rhodesia but it is probable that as the country was opened up that S. Rhodesia rates were introduced.

75 76 APPENDIX 11

NYASALAND r8gr. Within Shire province, Id. per oz.; elsewhere in B.C.A. zd. per oz.; to Portuguese East Africa, British South Africa, Zanzibar, Aden and India, 4d. per ! oz.: elsewhere, 6d. per t oz. 1907. Unit of weight raised to Id. for I oz. internal, for U.K. and for Egypt; other places overseas, zd. and 3d. 1918: Unit reduced to t oz. and a war tax of Id. added to all inland letters. 1920: British Empire, zd. per oz.; elsewhere, ztd. and sd. British Central Africa entered the U.P.U. in 1895· There is much to learn about postal rates. 1948. Inland letters, Id. per oz.; postcards, td. Empire and Mandated Terri­ tories, zd. per oz.; Itd. each additional oz.; postcards, xfd. Foreign, 3d. per oz., zd. each additional oz. Airmail. Internal, Id. per oz. S. and N. Rhodesia. P.E.A., zd. per! oz. Union. of S Africa and Belgian Congo, 4d. pert oz. U.K. and most Empire CoWltrics, IS. 3d. per toz.; letter cards, 6d.; postcards, 7!rl.

Post runners and armed escort at Kasama APPENDIX III

THE RHODESIAN REMAINDER CANCELLATIONS.

In I924 2,7oo,ooo stamps of various issues from I89o to 19Io were cancelled to order and disposed of to the stamp trade. They may be distinguished by the date stamps which are: "BULUWAYO MATABELELAND" 20. I. 98; 8. 3· 99; 23. 5· 99; 7· 7· 00. "GWELO MATABELELAND" 0. 3· 97; 27. 9· 97; 21. II. 98; 20. 4· 99; 19. 6. gg; 4· 9· 99; 27. II. 99· "SALISBURY ?t1ASHONALAND." II. 7· 97· "uMTALI RHODESIA." Jan. 1897; Jan. I898; Dec. I8g8; July I899· Also with a large "4" 29. 1. 97; 23. 5· 97; I8. 7· 97; IO. 8. 97; 20. I. 98; 7· I2. g8; I9. 7· 99; 5· 3· oo; 23. S· oo. "GWELO S. RHODESIA." 24. II. g8; 26. 12. 95; 20. I. 05; 22. 2. I2. "SALISBURY RHODESIA." 20. II. 97; 21. II. 03; I6. I. 00; July 1904; April Igoo; 17. 6. oo; Dec. Igoo; Nov. 1905; 28. 8. 07; 24. II. IO. "DULUWAYO RHODESIA." I2. 8. II. "SALISBURY S. RHODESIA." 22. 4· 03; 4· 6. 09; I2. !2. 09; 2. 9· IO; 23. 9· IO; 23. 10. ro.

.,... •# ., ,.J!H, ,.(, ...., . ~ - ~.,..

First offices of the British South Africa Company at Salisbury, 1890

77 APPENDIX IV* CANCELLATIONS OF POST OFFICES AND POSTAL AGENCIES IN SOUTHERN RHODESIA OPENED SINCE 1935, TOGETHER WITH NEW TYPES OF CANCELLATIONS FOR EXISTING OFFICES

AVONDALE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Also in green and in purple ARDBENNIE, S. RHODESIA. D. C. 29 mm. 194I. BALLA BALLA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 29 mm. BANKET, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 26 rnm. 1948. Originally BANKET J UNCTION 1906. BANKET, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 29 mm. Two types, (a) inner circle 19 mm., (b) inner circle 20 mm. BEITBRIDGE; S. RHODESIA, S.C. 26mm. BINDURA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 29 mm. large lettering. BULAWAYO, s. RHODESIA. D.C. narrow 31 mm. Also in brown and in red-brown. BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Two types (a) 28 mm., (b) 29 mm. BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. double arcs with oblong ~-=p-=o-=s:-::T::-A:-G=-=E-1 PAID in red. at Side IN CASH BULAWAYO, s. RHODESIA. D.C. double arcs with oblong I POSTAGE 1· d at side P~!fs~N m re · POSTAGE PAID BULAWAYO (at top), S. RHODESB (at foot). D.C. 30 nun. in red. ENGINEER'S BRANCH, BOLAWAYO. D.C. 29 mm. M.O.CTR. BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 29 mm. M.O.CTR. =Money order Counter. DlV ENGINNER G.P.O., BULAWAYO. D.C. 30 mm. PARCELS (at top), BULAWAYO STATION S.R. (at foot) . D.C. 29 mm. POSTAGE PAID (at top), BINDURA S. RHODESIA (at foot). D.C. 29 mm. in red. BORROWDALE, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 26 mm. 1948. Variety, day of month inverted BORROWDALE, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 27 nun., large lettering. BRITWELL, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 28 mm. CAUSEWAY, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 26 mm. 1949· CAUSEWAY, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Two types, (a) 26 mm., (b) 31 mm., variety of date 7· JUN 1949 (opened I JUL. 1949). CUIEF ENGINEER G.P.O., S. RHODESL•\. D.C. 29 mm. COLLEEN BAWN, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 26 mm. Reopened 1948. COLLEEN BAWN, S. RHODESIA. D.C. Narrow, small lettering, spaced. CONCESSION, S. RHODESIA. D.C. lettering close. *Complete up to Decembrr 1949. 78 APPENDIX IV 79

CORO PARK, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 29 mm. 1948. Variety error of date, 1848 for 1948. Abbreviation for Coronation Park. DADAYA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 30 mm. DAHLIA, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 29 mm. 1948. DUCHESS HILL closed 1948. EASTNOR, S. RHODESIA. S.C. 26 mm. 1948. Originally l>IOTAPA MINE. EASTNOR, S. RHODESIA. D.C. 30 mm. ENGINEER'S BRANCH G.P.O. (at top), S. RHODESIA (at foot), D.C. 28 mm. GATH'S l\UNE, S. RHODESL-\, D.C. 29 mm. 1949· GLENGARRY, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 26 mm. 1948. GREYSTONE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. Also in brown. GREAT ZIMBABWE closed 1948. GWAAI SIDING, S. RHODESIA, D.C. Also in green. Closed and re-named GWAAI 1949· CWAAI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 rom. 1949· Originally GWAAI SIDING. GWANDA, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. Diamonds between circles. GWELO (at foot), POSTAGE PAID IN CASH (at top), D.C. 28 mm., in red. GWELO, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 31 mrn. Two types (a) small lettering, (b) mediwn lettering; also in blue. GWELO M, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 26 mm. REGISTERED GWELO, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 31 mm. HATFIELD, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 26 nun. HATFIELD, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. HARARI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mrn. lettering widely spaced 1947· IIEADLANDS, RHODESIA, D.C. Also in brown. HIGHLANDS, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 26 mm. HIGHLANDS, S. RHODESIA, D.C. Narrow 31 mm. Also in violet. HOPE FOUNTAH<, S. RHODESL-\, D.C. 28 mm., Also in brown. INSIZA, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. opened about 1935. KAROl, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mm. 1948. T

MEYRICK PARK, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mm. 1947· MOUNT DARWIN, RHODESIA, D.C. Also in green. MOTAPA MINE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mm. renamed EASTNOR 1948. MNENE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29mm. 1940. Also in purple and in green. MTOKO, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 25mm. MSONNEDDI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. NEWLANDS, SALISBURY, S.R., D.C. 28 mm. 1949· NGESI DAM, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. in dark purple. NGONDOMA, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. 1940. NKAI, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 26 mm. 1949· NKAI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 31 mm. PARK RIVER, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. 1939-1946, Army camp near UMTALI. QUEENSDALE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. RUSAPE, s. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. Two types, (a) inner circle 19 mm., (b) inner circle 20 mm. RUWA, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 26 mm. 1949· SALISBURY, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 21 mm. with seven wavy lines. SALISBURY, S. RHODES][A, S.C. 22 mm. with boxed slogan. SALISBURY, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 27 mm. with boxed slogan. SALISBURY, s. RHODESIA, S.C. 21 mm. with oblong at ,-P-o_s_T_A_G_E_P_A_I_D~ , also side IN CASH in red. SALISBURY, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. Two types (a) inner circle 18 mm., (b) inner circle 20 mm. SALISBURY, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mm. Two types, (a) small lettering, (b) medium lettering. SALISBURY, S.R., REGISTERED, D.C. 29 mm. year abbreviated. PARCELS SALISBURY (at top), S. RHODESIA (at foot), D.C. 29 mm. POSTE RESTANTE SALISBURY (at top), S. RHODESIA (at foot), D.C. 3I mm. SALISBURY M, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 28 mm. M.O. BRANCH (at top), G.P.O. SALISBURY (at foot), D.C. 25 rom. ACCOUNTS BRANCH G.P.O. (at top), SALISBURY (at foot), D.C. 26 mm. ENGINEER'S BRANCH, SALISBURY, D.C. 29 mm. K.G. VI SALISBURY, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. 1939· Army barracks. SANYATWE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 26 mm. 1949· Originally SINYATWE 1948. SAUERSTOWNSHIP, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. APPENDIX IV 81

POSTAGE PAID (at top), SELUKWE S. RHODESIA (at foot), D.C. 29 mro., in red. (See illustration.) SHABANI, s. RHODESIA, D.C. 31 rom. Two types, (a) year abbreviated, (b) year in full. SHAi'I'GANI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 rom. Also in grey-green. SINYATWE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 28 rom. 1948. Renamed SANYATWE 1949· SOMABULA, S. RHODESIA, D.C. Also in blue and blue-black. SURPRISE MINE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. ? date of opening, closed 1949· THORNHILL, S RHODESIA, S.C. reopened 1949, lettering regular (see under R.A.F. Camp Cancellations). THORNHILL, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 27 rom. Small lettering, close. TURK MINE, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 25 rom. TURK MINE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mm. UMNIATI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 rom. Reopened 1948. UMTALI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. Two types, (a) 28 rom. lettering spaced, (b) 29 rom. lettering close. UMTALI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 31 rom. large lettering. UMTALI, S. RHODESIA, D.C. narrow 38 mm. UMTALI (at foot), POSTAGE PAID IN CASH (at top), D.C. 27 mm., in red. UMTALI N, s. RH'ODESIA, D.C. 31 mm. VICTORIA FALLS, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 rom. Two types, (a) inner circle 18 rom., (b) inner circle 19 mm. VUMBA, S. RHODESLJ\, D.C. 29 rom. 1936, closed 1942, reopened 1948. WATSOMBA, S. RHODESIA, D.C. Also in violet. WELLESLEY, S. RHODESIA, D.C. Also in purple. WILTON, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 rom. 1948.

CANCELLATIONS OF POST OFFICES IN NORTHERN RHODESIA OPENED SINCE 1935, TOGETHER WITH NEW TYPES OF CANCEL­ LATIONS FOR EXISTING OFFICES.

ABERCORN, NORTHER.'l RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. Also in blue-green. BATOKA N. RHODESIA D.C.A. 29 nun. Roman figures for month. BROKEN HILL, NORTHERN RHODESLA., D.C. 26 mm. Roman figures for month. 82 APPENDIX IV

BROKEN HILL, N. RHODESIA, D.C.T. Two types, (a) with five wavy lines, (b) with N. RHODESIA between lines adjacent. CHINGOLA, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 26 mm. Roman figures for month. CIDNGOLA, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 26 mm. Roman figures for month. Two types, (a) small lettering, (b) large lettering. CHlNGOLA N.R. (at top), D.C.A. 31 mm. CHINSALI, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 26 mm. CHISAMBA, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 26 mm. Roman figures for month. Also in blue black. CHISEKESI SIDING, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. 1944· Roman figures for month. Originally MISSION SIDING. FIERA reopened 1947 . .FORT JAMESON, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 28 rnm. Roman figures for month, lettering spaced. FORT ROSEBERY, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. Roman figures for month. KABWE MINE, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 26 mm. KAFUBU, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 nun. 1946. KAFUE, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. Also in green. l{ASAMA, NORTfTERN RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. KASETY1PA, N.R. (at top) thick segment at foot D.C. 26 mm. KAWAMBWA, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 25 rom. Roman figures for month. KAZIMULI,'NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 26 mm. 1948. Wide space between "NORTHERN and "RHODESIA." Roman figures for month. (See illustration.) KlTWE, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 26 m .. Roman figures for month. I

LUSAKA, NORTHERN RHODESIA, S.C. 21 rnm. with boxed slogan. LUSAKA, NORTHERN RHODESIA (in two lines) D.C.A. 28 mm. Roman figures for month: hours in continental system (see illustration). MASESE, N RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. 1948. MINDOLA, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. 1946. MISSION SliDING closed 1944 and renamed CHISEKESI SIDING. MPOROKOSO, NORTHERN RH~DESIA, D.C. 26 nun. MSORO, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 28 rnm. 1947· Roman figures for month. MUFULIRA, NORTHERN RHODESIA D.C. Roman figures for month, two types, (a) small lettering, (b) large lettering. li1UFULIRA LOCATION, NORTHERN RHODESIA, (in two lines) D.C. 26 mm. 1948. Roman figures for month. Originally WANGALO MULOBEZI, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 28 mm. 1948. MUMBWA, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 26 nun. Roman figures for month, in violet. NDOLA, N. RHODESIA (at top), PAll) (at foot) D.C. 28 mm. in red. NDOLA, N. RHODESIA, D.C.T. with five wavy lines. NDOLA, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. NDOLA, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. Roman figures for month. Space between "NORTHERN'' and "RHODESIA.'' NEGANEGA, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. 1947· Roman figures for month. RmGEWAY, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. Roman figures for month. RIDGEWAY LUSAKA, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 25 mm. Roman figures for month. SENANGA, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 27 rnm. SERENJI, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mm., in violet. SHIWA NGANDU, NORTHERN RHODESIA, D.C. 26 rom. 1938. Roman figures for month (see illustration). WANGALO, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 28 mm. WUSIKILI, N. RHODESIA, D.C. 28 mm.

CANCELL ATIONS OF POST OFFICES IN .t\TYASALAND OPENED SINCE 1935, TOGETHER WITH NEW TYPES OF CAJ.~CELLATIONS FOR EXISTING OFFICES.

BALAKA, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 31 mm. large lettering. CHIKWAWA (only), D.C.S. 29 mm. CH1LEKA, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 29 nun. CHINTECHI, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 28 mm. (originally spelt CHINTECHE). CHIROMO {only), D.C.S. 28 mm. CHlROMO, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 28 nun. CHOLO, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 28 mm. 84 APPENDIX IV

EKWENDENI, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 28 mm. EMBANGWENI (only), D.C.S. 29· mm. EMBANGWENI, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 29 mm. KARONGA (only), D.C.S. 29 mm. KARONGA, NYAS ..<\LAND, D.C.T. 28 mm. KASUNGU (only), D.C.S. 29 mm. KOTAKOTA, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 29 mm. no hyphen. LIKOMA ISLAND, NYAS •.<\LAND, D.C.T. 28 mm. LILONGWE LI LONGWE POSTAGE PAl 0 POSTAGE PAID 1947, in red (see illustration) . NYASALAND NVASALAND LIMBE, NYASALAND, D.C.T., 28 mm. LIMBE TELS, NYASALAND, D.C.T. 28 mm. (Stamps are not affixed to telegrams in Nyasaland: obliterator must have obviously been used in error to cancel stamp.) LIMBE POSTAGE PAID 1947, in red NYASALAND LIVINGSTONIA (only), D.C.S. 28 mm. LIVINGSTO:-

All the S.C. cancellations are 26 mm. dia., with the lettering of the camp name (at top) irregularly spaced but having "s. RHODESIA" (at foot) identical in size and shaping in all cases. This indicates that a master die with "s. RHODESIA" at the bottom, was prepared, from which as many duplicate handstamps as necessary were made, each office being supplied with loose type for the name of the camp and for the date portion. BELVEDERE CAMP, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. 1940-1944· ITW BULAWAYO, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 1942-1944. ITW= Init ial Training Wing. Varieties (a) space between "y" and "o"; (b) whole of date inverted, year over day and month; (c) day inverted, month omitted; (d) month and year omitted. BULAWAOY ITW, S. RHODESIA, S.C. error of spelling, ITW transposed. Variety, whole of date inverted. I.T.W. CAMP, BULAWAYO, D .C. 30 mm. in use january 1943 to November 1944, variety, in green. I.T.W. CAMP, BULAWAYO, D.C. wide 38 mm. in use June 1944 to March I945· CRANBORNE, S. RHODESIA, S.C. I94I-I947· CRANBORNE, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. GUINEA FOWL, S . RHODESIA, D.C. 29 mm. I94I-I945· HEANY CAMP, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mm. I94I-I946. Variety in violet. INDUNA, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 1942- 1945· lNDUNA, S . RHODESIA, D.C. 29 rom. KUMALO, s. RHODESIA, S.C. 1942-1945· Became an Airways Passenger servicestation from 20 AP. 1945, and re­ named KUMALO AIRPORT, !949· KUl\1ALO, s. RHODESIA, D.C. 26 mm. Variety error of date 5 AP. 54· MOFFAT, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 1942-1945· Named after the Rev. ]. Moffat. l\tOFFAT, s. RHODESL-'\, D.C. 25 mm. MT. HA:\1PDEN, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 1942-1945· MT. HAMPDEN, S. RHODESIA, D.C. 30 mm. THORNHILL, S. RHODESIA, S.C. 1942-1944 reopened in 1949 I as civilian post office (note irregular spacing) (see iliustration). THORNHILL, S. RHODESIA, D .C. 30 mm. 85