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VALODA: NOZĪME UN FORMA 4 Kategoriju Robežas Gramatikā

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VALODA: NOZĪME UN FORMA 4 Kategoriju Robežas Gramatikā Latvijas Universitāte Humanitāro zinātņu fakultāte Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības katedra VALODA: NOZĪME UN FORMA 4 Kategoriju robežas gramatikā Andra Kalnača un Ilze Lokmane (krājuma sastādītājas un redaktores) LANGUAGE: MEANING AND FORM 4 Boundaries of Categories in Grammar Andra Kalnača and Ilze Lokmane (editors) LU Akadēmiskais apgāds UDK 811.174(082) Va 390 Valoda: nozīme un forma 4. Kategoriju robežas gramatikā = Language: Meaning and Form 4. Boundaries of Categories in Grammar : LU Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības katedras rakstu krājums; krājuma sastādītājas un redaktores Andra Kalnača un Ilze Lokmane. – Rīga : LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2014. – 180 lpp. Rakstu krājums Valoda: nozīme un forma. 4. Kategoriju robežas gramatikā izdots ar Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes Domes 2014. gada 3. marta sēdes lēmumu, protokola Nr. 9. Redaktore / Editor Andra Kalnača, Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultāte Redaktores vietniece / Assistant Editor Ilze Lokmane, Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultāte Redakcijas kolēģija / Editorial Board Ilze Auziņa, Latvijas Universitātes Matemātikas un informātikas institūts Juris Grigorjevs, Latvijas Universitātes Latviešu valodas institūts Magdalene Hilmane (Magdalene Huelmann), Vestfāles Vilhelma universitāte, Minstere, Vācija Karls Pajusalu (Karl Pajusalu), Tartu Universitāte, Igaunija Jurģis Pakeris (Jurgis Pakerys), Viļņas Universitāte, Lietuva Svetlana Polkovņikova, Daugavpils Universitāte Ilze Rūmniece, Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultāte Iļja Seržants, Konstances Universitāte, Vācija; Lietuviešu valodas institūts, Viļņa, Lietuva Visi krājumā ievietotie raksti ir anonīmi recenzēti. Korektore Gita Bērziņa Maketu un vāka noformējumu veidojusi Andra Liepiņa © Latvijas Universitāte, 2014 © I. Auziņa, A. Butāne, L. Ciematniece, D. Horiguči, B. Ivulāne, A. Kalnača, K. Kibermane, I. Kuplā, T. Kuzņecova, M. Laizāns, L. Lauze, O. Lāms, I. Lokmane, M. Madisone, G. Nešpore, K. Pajusalu, B. Saulīte, I. Urbanoviča, E. Zilgalve ISSN 2255-9256 ISBN 978-9984-45-852-6 Saturs Priekšvārdi .............................................................................................................. 5 Anita Butāne Vārddarināšanas kalku paveidi un to norobežošanas kritēriji Sub-types of loan-formations and criteria of their separation .................................................................................................. 7 Līga Ciematniece Teikuma struktūra un pārejamība The sentence structure and transitivity .................................................................. 14 Daiki Horiguči (Daiki Horiguchi) Some remarks on Latvian aspect Dažas piezīmes par latviešu valodas aspektu ........................................................ 22 Baiba Ivulāne Darbības vārda morfoloģiskās un sintaktiskās palīgnozīmes robežas Borders of verb functions as morphologic or syntactic auxiliaries ....................... 33 Andra Kalnača Darbības vārda veids un modalitāte Verbal aspect and modality .................................................................................... 41 Kertu Kibermane (Kerttu Kibbermann), Merle Madisone (Merle Madisson) Igauņu translatīva atbilsme latviešu valodā Expressing Estonian translative case in Latvian ................................................... 49 Tatjana Kuzņecova Regulārie vārddarināšanas procesi: starp vārddarināšanu un formveidošanu Regular derivational processes: between derivation and inflection ...................... 66 Ieva Kuplā Kompleksa pieeja daudznozīmīga verba semantiskās struktūras analīzē Complex approach to semantic structure analysis of polysemous verb ................ 77 Mārtiņš Laizāns, Ojārs Lāms Aristoteļa Runas mākslas (Rētorikas) latviskošanas pieredze – sengrieķu substantivējumu tulkošana Translating Aristotle’s “Rhetoric” into Latvian – rendition of Ancient Greek substantivations .......................................................... 93 Linda Lauze Kategoriju robežu noteikšanas problēmas mutvārdu tekstā Issues related to fixing boundaries between categories in spoken text ................ 102 Ilze Lokmane Verbāls sastata izteicējs latviešu valodā Verbal compound predicate in Latvian .................................................................. 111 Karls Pajusalu (Karl Pajusalu) Verbal categories in Salaca Livonian grammar Darbības vārda kategorijas Salacas lībiešu gramatikā ........................................... 119 Baiba Saulīte, Gunta Nešpore, Ilze Auziņa Latviešu valodas verbu valences marķēšanā izmantojamās semantiskās lomas The set of the semantic roles for annotation of the Latvian verb valency ............. 136 Inta Urbanoviča Deminutīvu darināšana un lietvārdu deklinācijas Derivation of diminutives and nouns declensions .................................................. 146 Evelīna Zilgalve Vārdu pāra ja – tad funkcionālā analīze Semantic analysis of the word pair ja – tad ‘if – then’ .......................................... 160 Kategoriju robežas gramatikā Priekšvārdi Rakstu krājums Valoda: nozīme un forma. 4. Kategoriju robežas gramatikā ir LU 71. konferences Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības katedras 27.02.2013. rīkotās sekcijas referātu apkopojums. LU konferences sekcijā Kategoriju robežas gramatikā ietilpa divdesmit divi referāti, no kuriem trīspadsmit tikuši iesniegti krājumam raksta veidolā. LU Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības ka- tedras sekcijā Kategoriju robežas gramatikā bija izveidota arī plaša stenda referātu kopa, kas Latvijas humanitārajās zinātnēs pagaidām ir salīdzinoši jauna zinātnisko pētījumu prezentēšanas forma. Šāds referātu pasniegums LU 70. konferences Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības sekcijā tika aizsākts 2012. gadā ar deviņiem referātiem, 2013. gada LU 71. konferences sekcijā jau tika prezentēti divpadsmit stenda referāti. Ikvienas valodas gramatiskajā un semantiskajā sistēmā blakus skaidri defi- nē jamām parādībām ir arī dažādi fakti, kas tradicionāli sagādā grūtības inter - pre tācijā un klasifikācijā. Tā kā LU Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības katedras docētāji 2008.–2013. gadā ir piedalījušies jaunās Latviešu valodas gramatikas (Rīga: LU Latviešu valodas institūts, 2013) izstrādes autorkolektīvā un ir bijuši saistīti ar LU pētniecības projektu Mūsdienu latviešu gramatika, tad darba gaitā aktualizējušies arī dažādi ar latviešu gramatiku saistīti kategoriju robežošanās problēmjautājumi. To risināšanai būtiskas ir diskusijas ar Latvijas un ārvalstu kolēģiem, tāpēc arī 2013. gada LU 71. konferences sekcija tika veltīta valodas gramatiskās un semantiskās sistēmas robežjautājumu analīzei – darbības vārda un lietvārda gramatiskajām kategorijām, sintaktiskajam lietojumam un darināšanai, latviešu valodas patskaņu un līdzskaņu sistēmas interpretācijai, teksta resp. diskursa analīzei dažādos aspektos, nolieguma problemātikai, kā arī valodu gramatiskajam sastatījumam un valodu kontaktu pētniecībai. Krājumā Valoda: nozīme un forma. 4. Kategoriju robežas gramatikā ietilpst piecpadsmit rakstu, jo LU 71. konferences Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības katedras sekcijas ziņojumus papildina arī divi atsevišķi tapuši pētījumu. Rakstu autori ir gan LU Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes docētāji (Ilze Lokmane, Andra Kalnača, Inta Urbanoviča, Līga Ciematniece, Baiba Ivulāne, Ojārs Lāms) un doktoranti vai jaunie zinātnieki (Evelīna Zilgalve, Tatjana Kuzņecova, Mārtiņš Laizāns), gan Liepājas Universitātes valodniece Linda Lauze, gan LU Latviešu valodas institūta (Anita Butāne, Ieva Kuplā) un LU Matemātikas un informātikas institūta (Ilze Auziņa, Gunta Nešpore, Baiba Saulīte) pētnieki. Patiess prieks, ka rakstu krājumā piedalās arī Tartu Universitātes kolēģi Karls Pajusalu (Karl Pajusalu), Kertu Kibermane (Kerttu Kibbermann), kura ir arī LU HZF docētāja, un Merle Madisone (Merle Madisson), kā arī Daiki Horiguči (Daiki Horiguchi) no Cukubas Universitātes (Japānā). 5 VALODA: NOZĪME UN FORMA 4 Īpašs valodas gramatiskās un semantiskās sistēmas robežjautājumu analīzei veltīts rakstu krājums latviešu valodniecībā tiek publicēts pirmo reizi. Tas būs noderīgs ne tikai kā mūsdienīgas valodniecības teorijas izmantojuma avots, bet arī kā mācību līdzeklis dažādos latviešu, vispārīgās valodniecības u. c. studiju kursos. Krājuma sastādītājas pateicas visiem autoriem par ieguldīto darbu rakstu sa- ga tavošanā, kā arī recenzentiem par ieteikumiem publikāciju pilnīgošanā. Īpaša pateicība pienākas Latvijas Universitātei, kas finansējusi projektu Nr. 2012/ZP-113, kā arī LU Akadēmiskajam apgādam. Andra Kalnača, Ilze Lokmane, krājuma Valoda: nozīme un forma. 4. Kategoriju robežas gramatikā sastādītājas un redaktores 6 Kategoriju robežas gramatikā Vārddarināšanas kalku paveidi un to norobežošanas kritēriji Sub-types of loan-formations and criteria of their separation Anita Butāne Latvijas Universitātes aģentūra „Latvijas Universitātes Latviešu valodas institūts” Akadēmijas lauk. 1, Rīga, LV-1050 E-pasts: [email protected] Rakstā sniegts ieskats kalku pētniecības aizsākumos un vēlākos pētījumos, kas ļauj secināt, ka vārddarināšanas kalki ir tradicionāls kalku veids, kas analizēts gan senākos, gan jaunākos kalku aprakstos. Piedāvāta jauna vārddarināšanas kalku definīcija, un minēti apsvērumi, kas bijuši pamatā, lai attiecīgā kalku veida apzīmēšanai no latviešu valodniecībā lietotajiem terminiem izvēlētos tieši terminu vārddarināšanas kalki. Aplūkojot dažādos pētījumos nošķirtos vārddarināšanas kalku paveidus, iezīmētas vērojamās
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