Language Situation in Latvia: 2010–2015
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Studies on Language Change. Working Papers in Linguistics No. 34
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 286 382 FL 016 932 AUTHOR Joseph, Brian D., Ed. TITLE Studies on Language Change. Working Papers in Linguistics No. 34. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Linguistics. PUB DATE Dec 86 NOTE 171p. PUB TYPE Reports - Evaluative/Feasibility (142) -- Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Arabic; Diachronic Linguistics; Dialects; *Diglossia; English; Estonian; *Etymology; Finnish; Foreign Countries; Language Variation; Linguistic Borrowing; *Linguistic Theory; *Morphemes; *Morphology (Languages); Old English; Sanskrit; Sociolinguistics; Syntax; *Uncommonly Taught Languages; Word Frequency IDENTIFIERS Saame ABSTRACT A collection of papers relevant to historical linguistics and description and explanation of language change includes: "Decliticization and Deaffixation in Saame: Abessive 'taga'" (Joel A. Nevis); "Decliticization in Old Estonian" (Joel A. Nevis); "On Automatic and Simultaneous Syntactic Changes" (Brian D. Joseph); "Loss of Nominal Case Endings in the Modern Arabic Sedentary Dialects" (Ann M. Miller); "One Rule or Many? Sanskrit Reduplication as Fragmented Affixation" (Richard D. Janda, Brian D. Joseph); "Fragmentation of Strong Verb Ablaut in Old English" (Keith Johnson); "The Etymology of 'bum': Mere Child's Play" (Mary E. Clark, Brian D. Joseph); "Small Group Lexical Innovation: Some Examples" (Christopher Kupec); "Word Frequency and Dialect Borrowing" (Debra A. Stollenwerk); "Introspection into a Stable Case of Variation in Finnish" (Riitta Valimaa-Blum); -
ECFG-Latvia-2021R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: A Latvian musician plays a popular folk instrument - the dūdas (bagpipe), photo courtesy of Culture Grams, ProQuest). The guide consists of 2 parts: ECFG Part 1 “Culture General” provides the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment with a focus on the Baltic States. Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of Latvia Latvian society. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your deployment location. This section is designed to complement other pre-deployment training (Photo: A US jumpmaster inspects a Latvian paratrooper during International Jump Week hosted by Special Operations Command Europe). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. -
Diaspora Engagement Possibilities for Latvian Business Development
DIASPORA ENGAGEMENT POSSIBILITIES FOR LATVIAN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BY DALIA PETKEVIČIENĖ CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Diaspora Engagement Possibilities for Business Development .................. 3 1. Foreword .................................................................................................................... 3 2. Introduction to Diaspora ............................................................................................ 5 2.1. What is Diaspora? ............................................................................................ 6 2.2. Types of Diaspora ............................................................................................. 8 3. Growing Trend of Governments Engaging Diaspora ............................................... 16 4. Research and Analysis of the Diaspora Potential .................................................... 18 4.1. Trade Promotion ............................................................................................ 19 4.2. Investment Promotion ................................................................................... 22 4.3. Entrepreneurship and Innovation .................................................................. 28 4.4. Knowledge and Skills Transfer ....................................................................... 35 4.5. Country Marketing & Tourism ....................................................................... 36 5. Case Study Analysis of Key Development Areas ...................................................... 44 CHAPTER II. -
Youth Policies in Latvia
Youth Wiki national description Youth policies in Latvia 2019 The Youth Wiki is Europe's online encyclopaedia in the area of national youth policies. The platform is a comprehensive database of national structures, policies and actions supporting young people. For the updated version of this national description, please visit https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/en/youthwiki 1 Youth 2 Youth policies in Latvia – 2019 Youth Wiki Latvia ................................................................................................................. 7 1. Youth Policy Governance................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Target population of youth policy ............................................................................................. 9 1.2 National youth law .................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 National youth strategy ........................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Youth policy decision-making .................................................................................................. 12 1.5 Cross-sectoral approach with other ministries ....................................................................... 13 1.6 Evidence-based youth policy ................................................................................................... 14 1.7 Funding youth policy .............................................................................................................. -
Water Tourism D
5 POTTERY WORKSHOP OF VALDIS PAULINS CATERING SERVICES Hello, traveller! Address: Dumu Street 8, Kraslava, Kraslava municipality, Latvia 13 JAUNDOME ENVORONMENTAL EDUCATION CENTRE AND EXHIBITION HALL 21 MUSIC WORKSHOP “BALTHARMONIA” Mob.: +371 29128695 DINING HALL „ DAUGAVA” Address: Novomisli, Ezernieki rural territory, Dagda municipality, Latvia Address: "Bikava 2a", Gaigalava, Gaigalava rural territory, Rezekne municipality, Latvia CAFE “PIE ČERVONKAS PILS” This is a guide-book that will help you to experience an exciting trip along The Green Routes E-mail: [email protected] Address: Rigas Street 28, Kraslava, Mob.: +371 25960309 Phone: +371 28728790, + 371 26593441 Address: Cervonka-1, Vecsaliena rural territory, of the border areas of Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus. Routes leading to specially protected nature Website: http://www.visitkraslava.com/ Kraslavas municipality, Latvia E - mail: [email protected] E - mail: [email protected] Daugavpils municipality, Latvia areas under the state care are called “green” ones. These routes are “green” because providers of GPS: X:697648, Y:199786 / 55° 54' 10.30", 27° 9'42.27" Phone: +371 65622634, Mob.: +371 29112899 Website: www.visitdagda.com Website: http://www.baltharmonia.lv Mob.: +371 29726105 tourism service take care of accessibility of environment for people with disabilities. The workshop is around on the territory of the protected landscape Fax: +371 65622266 GPS: X:723253, Y:227872 / 56° 8' 36.72", 27° 35'88" GPS: X:687623, Y:291964 / 56° 44' 1.98", 27° 4'2.23" GPS: X: 673571, Y: 189832 / 55° 49’ 22.13’’, 26° 46’ 14.74’’ You are welcome at the places, where you will get acquainted with the values of the nature area „Augšdaugava”. -
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT June of LATVIA 2015 REPORT
MINISTRY OF ECONOMICS REPUBLIC OF LATVIA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT June OF LATVIA 2015 REPORT RIGA Ministry of Economics Republic of Latvia ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF LATVIA REPORT RIGA JUNE 2015 Comments, questions or suggestions are welcome: Ministry of Economics of the Republic of Latvia Brīvības iela 55, Riga, LV-1519, Latvia Phone: 371-67013293 Fax: 371-67280882 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.em.gov.lv Authors: O.Barānovs (overall compilation, 1., 4.1.1.), I.Skribāne (2., 3.1.3., 4.3., 5.2.), E.Gergelevičs (2., 3.1.4.), J.Salmiņš (2., 3.2.1., 3.2.2., 3.3.), L.Stelmaka-Leja (3.1.1., 3.1.2, 4.1.2., 4.1.3., 5.2.), G.Piņķe (3.3.), I.Šnīdere (4.2.), V.Skuja (4.4.), N.Ozols (5.1., 5.3.), A.Rožkalne, J.Ušpelis (5.4.), Č.Gržibovskis, R.Rimša (6.1.), G.Silovs (6.2.1., 6.8., 6.12.), D.Klinsone, M.Rone, L.Stauvere, D.Šikova (6.2.2.), M.Ivanova, V.Laizāns, A.Upīte (6.2.3.), K.Soms (6.3.), A.Leite, R.Meijers, I.Niedrīte (6.4.), R.Kņūtiņa, S.Soila, I.Strazdiņa, R.Špade (6.5.), M.Lūka, I.Šīrava (6.6), I.Lore (6.7., 6.8.), E.Fernāts (6.8., 6.12.), M.Jansons (6.9.), L.Neiders, (6.10.), I.Kabanova (6.11.), A.Krūze, M.Zondaks (6.12.), M.Ivanova, L.Kauliņa (6.13.), B.Mistre, J.Reinsone (6.14.), M.Drāke (6.15., 6.16.), D.Freimane (6.17.). All figures and data, unless indicated otherwise, have been obtained from the Central Statistical Bureau of the Republic of Latvia. -
Parent Perceptions on Identity Formation Among Latvian Emigrant Children in England Kamerāde, D and Skubiņa, I
Growing up to belong transnationally : parent perceptions on identity formation among Latvian emigrant children in England Kamerāde, D and Skubiņa, I http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12092-4 Title Growing up to belong transnationally : parent perceptions on identity formation among Latvian emigrant children in England Authors Kamerāde, D and Skubiņa, I Type Book Section URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/49752/ Published Date 2019 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. IMISCOE Research Series Rita Kaša Inta Mieriņa Editors The Emigrant Communities of Latvia National Identity, Transnational Belonging, and Diaspora Politics IMISCOE Research Series This series is the official book series of IMISCOE, the largest network of excellence on migration and diversity in the world. It comprises publications which present empirical and theoretical research on different aspects of international migration. The authors are all specialists, and the publications a rich source of information for researchers and others involved in international migration studies. The series is published under the editorial supervision of the IMISCOE Editorial Committee which includes leading scholars from all over Europe. The series, which contains more than eighty titles already, is internationally peer reviewed which ensures that the book published in this series continue to present excellent academic standards and scholarly quality. -
Path Dependency and Landscape Biographies in Latgale, Latvia: a Comparative Analysis
Europ. Countrys. · 3· 2010 · p. 151-168 DOI: 10.2478/v10091-010-0011-7 European Countryside MENDELU PATH DEPENDENCY AND LANDSCAPE BIOGRAPHIES IN LATGALE, LATVIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Anita Zarina1 Received 30 September 2010; Accepted 15 October 2010 Abstract: This paper focuses on the path dependency of landscapes in Latgale, Latvia from the present perspective at the regional and local scale. During the last centuries Latvia’s landscapes have passed through radical changes, which were driven by political events. Each new political era discarded the ideas of the previous era and subsequently reorganized the land(scape) according to the new views. At the regional level the role of history is significant in analyzing landscapes while at the local level the main force is people, often themselves not knowing the history of the place but putting the existing path dependency into practise or disregarding it. The biographies of two former villages are discussed: one which is nearly deserted but filled with forgotten or neglected cultural heritage values and the other – alive and interwoven with some old (almost forgotten) cultural practises. Path dependency in landscapes is relevant only regarding the attachment of people to a place and the experience on which their further desires are based. Key words: Landscape biographies, landscape change, Latgale, path dependency Rezumējums: Raksta pamatā ir pēctecīguma (path dependence) izpausmes Latgales ainavā reģionālā un lokālā mērogā no šodienas skatupunkta. Pēdējo gadsimtu laikā Latvijā ir notikušas dramatiskas ainavas pārmaiņas, to galvenie rosinātāji – politisko varu maiņas. Katra jaunā politiskā ēra veidoja jaunas ainavas saskaņā ar tās ideoloģiju un idejām. Rakstā tiek diskutēts, ka reģionāla mēroga ainavas studijas ir cieši saistītas ar vēstures izpratni un tās lomu, kamēr lokālā mērogā galvenie ainavas veidotāji ir cilvēki un to darbības, kuri bieži vien pat neapzinās vietas/reģiona vēsturi, bet praktizē vai ignorē daudzas paražas vai telpiskās struktūras pēctecības ainavā. -
VALTS ERNÇSTREITS (Riga) LIVONIAN ORTHOGRAPHY Introduction the Livonian Language Has Been Extensively Written for About
Linguistica Uralica XLIII 2007 1 VALTS ERNÇSTREITS (Riga) LIVONIAN ORTHOGRAPHY Abstract. This article deals with the development of Livonian written language and the related matters starting from the publication of first Livonian books until present day. In total four different spelling systems have been used in Livonian publications. The first books in Livonian appeared in 1863 using phonetic transcription. In 1880, the Gospel of Matthew was published in Eastern and Western Livonian dialects and used Gothic script and a spelling system similar to old Latvian orthography. In 1920, an East Livonian written standard was established by the simplification of the Finno-Ugric phonetic transcription. Later, elements of Latvian orthography, and after 1931 also West Livonian characteristics, were added. Starting from the 1970s and due to a considerable decrease in the number of Livonian mother tongue speakers in the second half of the 20th century the orthography was modified to be even more phonetic in the interest of those who did not speak the language. Additionally, in the 1930s, a spelling system which was better suited for conveying certain phonetic phenomena than the usual standard was used in two books but did not find any wider usage. Keywords: Livonian, standard language, orthography. Introduction The Livonian language has been extensively written for about 150 years by linguists who have been noting down examples of the language as well as the Livonians themselves when publishing different materials. The prime consideration for both of these groups has been how to best represent the Livonian language in the written form. The area of interest for the linguists has been the written representation of the language with maximal phonetic precision. -
The Use of Renewable Energy in Latvia's Rural Areas 2010
The use of renewable energy in Latvia's rural areas Latvian Fund for Nature Rīga 2010 The publication was prepared in the NCM Office in Lithuania financed project `Nordic- Baltic NGOs’ Cooperation for Sustainable Energy` Author: Andžela Pētersone, Ministry of Environment of Latvia Editor: Liene AuniĦa, Latvian Fund for Nature Acknowledgements Author is grateful to Mr. Elmārs Pēterhofs, director of Dundaga municipality for providing information on Dundaga Health and Social Assistance Centre, and to Mr. Jānis Cīrulis from Salacgriva City Council on providing information on autonomous lighting lanterns that run on solar and wind energy in Salacgriva. The information presented in different workshops by Ms.Iveta Grudovska, SIA LLU MPS „Vecauce” was used in preparation of the material on the Vecauce biogas plant. Latvian Fund for Nature, 2010 2 The use of renewable energy in Latvia's rural areas 1. The main guidelines for the use of renewable energy resources in Latvia (2006 – 2016) In general, Latvia has the highest penetration of renewable energy among the EU member states Share of renewables in gross inland energy consumption, 2006 1.1. Objectives. In general, the main goal of State Renewable Energy Policy is to promote its use, by respecting environment and achieving a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The State Renewable Energy Resource Policy is defined in three basic policy documents: Guidelines for Development of Energy Sector for 2007-2016, Strategy for use of renewable energy resources 2006 – 2013 and the Programme for the production and use of biogas from 2007 until 2011. They outline the following objectives: increasing the proportion of energy generated from renewable energy sources (RES), reducing dependence on imported energy resources, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy sector. -
Latviešu-Lībiešu-Angļu Sarunvārdnīca Leţkīel-Līvõkīel-Engliškīel Rõksõnārōntõz Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book
Valda Šuvcāne Ieva Ernštreite Latviešu-lībiešu-angļu sarunvārdnīca Leţkīel-līvõkīel-engliškīel rõksõnārōntõz Latvian-Livonian-English Phrase Book © Valda Šuvcāne 1999 © Ieva Ernštreite 1999 © Eraksti 2005 ISBN-9984-771-74-1 68 lpp. / ~ 0.36 MB SATURS SIŽALI CONTENTS I. IEVADS ĪEVAD INTRODUCTION __________________________________________________________________ I.1. PRIEKŠVĀRDS 5 EĆĆISÕNĀ 6 FOREWORD 6 I.2. LĪBIEŠI, VIŅU VALODA UN RAKSTĪBA 7 LĪVLIST, NÄNT KĒĻ JA KĒRAVĪŢ LIVONIANS, THEIR LANGUAGE AND ORTOGRAPHY 12 I.3. NELIELS IESKATS LĪBIEŠU VALODAS GRAMATIKĀ 9 LĪTÕ IĻ LĪVÕ GRAMĀTIK EXPLANATORY NOTES ON THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE LIVONIAN SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION 14 _____________________________________________________________________________ II. BIEŽĀK LIETOTĀS FRĀZES SAGGÕLD KȬLBATÕT FRĀZÕD COMMON USED PHRASES __________________________________________________________________ II.1. SASVEICINĀŠANĀS UN ATVADĪŠANĀS 16 TĒRIŅTÕMI JA JUMĀLÕKS JETĀMI GREETINGS II.2. IEPAZĪŠANĀS UN CIEMOŠANĀS 16 TUNDIMI JA KILĀSTIMI INTRODUCING PEOPLE, VISITING PEOPLE II.3. BIOGRĀFIJAS ZIŅAS 17 BIOGRĀFIJ TEUTÕD PERSON'S BIOGRAPHY II.4. PATEICĪBAS, LĪDZJŪTĪBAS UN PIEKLĀJĪBAS IZTEICIENI 18 TIENĀNDÕKST, ĪŅÕZTŪNDIMI JA ANDÕKS ĀNDAMI SÕNĀD EXPRESSING GRATITUDE, POLITE PHRASES II.5. LŪGUMS 19 PÕLAMI REQUEST II.6. APSVEIKUMI, NOVĒLĒJUMI 19 2 VȮNTARMÕMI CONGRATULATIONS, WISHES II.7. DIENAS, MĒNEŠI, GADALAIKI 20 PǞVAD, KŪD, ĀIGASTĀIGAD WEEKDAYS, MONTHS, SEASONS II.8. LAIKA APSTĀKĻI 23 ĀIGA WEATHER II.9. PULKSTENIS 24 KĪELA TIME, TELLING THE TIME _____________________________________________________________________________ III. VĀRDU KRĀJUMS SÕNA VŌLA VOCABULARY __________________________________________________________________ III.1. CILVĒKS 25 RIŠTĪNG PERSON III.2. ĢIMENE 27 AIM FAMILY III.3. MĀJOKLIS 28 KUOD HOME III.4. MĀJLIETAS, APĢĒRBS 29 KUODAŽĀD, ŌRÕND HOUSEHOLD THINGS, CLOTHING III.5. ĒDIENI, DZĒRIENI 31 SĪEMNAIGĀD, JŪOMNAIGĀD MEALS, FOOD, DRINKS III.6. JŪRA, UPE, EZERS 32 MER, JOUG, JŌRA SEA, LAKE, RIVER III.7. -
The Role of National Language Policy Institutions in the Implementation of the Law on the Official State Language in Latvia
Ina Druviete/Jānis Valdmanis The role of national language policy institutions in the implementation of the law on the Official State Language in Latvia Abstract (Latvian): Valsts valodas politikas institūciju loma Latvijas Valsts valodas likuma īstenošanā 2018. gada 18. novembrī apritēs simt gadu kopš Latvijas Republikas dibināšanas, un šajā gadā īpaši tiek izvērtēta valsts vēsture un valsts simbolu loma. Latviešu valoda ir galvenais, kaut ne vienīgais, Latvijas nacionālās identitātes elements, tāpēc, 1991. gadā atjaunojot neatkarību pēc padomju okupācijas, latviešu valodas statusa nostiprināšanai un valodas attīstīšanai tika pievērsta īpaša uzmanība. Valsts valodas statuss latviešu valodai tika atjau- nots jau 1988. gadā, paredzot arī īpašu pasākumu kompleksu latviešu valodas apguvei un valodas funkciju atjaunošanai pēc intensīvas rusifikācijas un asimetriskā bilingvisma perioda. 1992. gadā, kad tika veikti grozījumi 1989. gada Valodu likumā, tika likts pamats izvērstajai valsts valodas politikas institūciju sistēmai, pamatojoties uz vispusīgu Latvijas valodas situācijas analīzi, ņemot vērā Latvijas Republikas pieredzi no 1918. gada līdz 1940. gadam un apzinot citu valstu valodas politiku. Pašlaik spēkā ir 1999. gadā pieņemtais Valsts valodas likums, kura izpildi konkretizē vairāki Ministru Kabineta noteikumi, kā arī valdības apstiprinātas Valsts valodas politikas programmas (2010-2014, 2015-2020). Raksturīga Latvijas valodas politikas īpatnība no neatkarības atjaunošanas līdz pat mūsu dienām ir profesionālu sociolingvistu iesaiste lingvistiskajā