DOCSLIB.ORG

ZD 221 350 SPONS AGENCY REFORT NO .EDRS PRICE Descriptors Nov 81 72P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ZD 221 350 SPONS AGENCY REFORT NO .EDRS PRICE Descriptors Nov 81 72P DOCUMENT RESUME ZD 221 350 SE 036 065 - ,TITLE ,Puerto Ricans in Science and Biomedicfne.: report of a 'Conference. -INSTITUTION American Association for the Advancement of Science; Washitngton, D.C. SPONS AGENCY National Instituteg of Health (DHHS), Bethesda, Md. REFORT NO AAAS-Pub-81-11=5; ISBN-87168-255-9 .PUB DATE, Nov 81 CONTRACT NIH-263=81-C-0130 MOTE. 72p.; Conference held ig Bethesda D7April 22-24, 1981. .EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage: DESCRIpTORS *Biomedicine;-*Collsge Science; *Conferences; Engineering Education., Enrollment Influences; Higher Education; *Hispanic Americans; Labor Force; Organizations (Groups); *PUerto Ricans; *Science Careers; Science Education; Scientists ABSTRACT Twelve diVi-sxons and-inStitUtes Of, the National ° 'Institutes of Health,(NIH) cogponsored this cohlerence'to,examine'the barriers to participation of Puerto Ricans ih the United ifatee to careers in'science and biomedicine.. Areas addressed during the conference included: (1).perspectivee from.the NIH; (2) historic#1 and modern perspectives of HispanicscontribUtionn to American life; (3) statisti:cal profile of :egrbllmenti, 'degrees, and science/engineering-labor force (including 15 tables); (4) education of Puerto Ricans in the 'United Statesr(5) 'status of sCience in Puerto Ricov(6) organizing Puerto Rican scientists; ,and (7) recommendations, including those relating to pre-college education, college and graduate education, employment and professional Status, compiling a directory of Puerto Rican scientists and engineers, and- establishing a getwork ofTuerto Rican scientists, engineers, and students. (SK) N 4 4********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDAS are the best that can_be' made * . * * . from theoriginal document.' ************************************************************************ v , U.S. DEPANTNIENT,OFEDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCENFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document has been reproduced as -/This received from the person ororganization originating it. Minor changes have beenmade to improve reproduction, quality. Points of view or opinions statedin this docu . ment do not necessarily representoicial NIE positioil or policy 'PERM/SS/ONTO REPRODU4 THIS MATERIAL HAS I3EENGRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER(ERIC)." , PUERTO RICANS. IN SCIENCE, AND BIOMEDICINE REPORT OF A' 'CONFERENCE Prepared by - Offi Ce of Oppôrtunitiesin Science' Ameridan0Association for,the Advancement of Science Jointly. Supported by: American Association for the Advancement of Science NIH Division of Research Resourées NIH Division of Equal Opportunity Natiimal Cancer Institute .National Institute of General Medical Sciences Natiohal Institute of Neurological and Communicative'Disordersand Stroke National Institute of.Aliergy and Infectious Diseases National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Dige§tive Diseases' ,Nationdl Institute of Child Health and Human Development Nationai--.Institute of Dental Research 'National Institute on Aging National Eye's Institute . Fogarty International Center Ca. American Association for the Advancement' of Science 1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. November, 1981 AAAS. Publication 81-R-6 _ 4 Thq Conference of. PuertovRidans in Science and Biomedicine (April 2224, 1981) and this publication were supported by the Nátivnat Institutes of Health.under Contract No. 263-81-C-0130. Any opiniofis, conclu.sions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do nbt necessarily reflect the views of the National Institutes of Health. Copyright 1981 by American Association for the Advancement ,of Science Library of Congreas* Catalog No. 81-69566 ISBN No. 87168-255-9 AAAS Rublication 81-R-5 Printed.in the United States of America ISLA VERDE Verde 'verde es esta isla Ya hoy en amplias ailenidas Isla Verde as' te llamas; se ensancharon tus veredas. Verde del mangle calado Ya el mangle no cala verde - sobre la.playa dorada. ni tus tipleros caminan de a uno en fondo,los domingos. Ribera orlada de sol y de penachos de-coco, Ya tus bohios dejaron de bohios calcinados, el past' a los rascacielos por el salitre del mar donde el olor a tabaco olorosos a tabaco a ron ycaf(tostado, a ron y caf tostado, sp evapora. por los tubas arrullados por la brisa del aire acondicionado. y los cantos del coqui. Ya no' se eschucha el murmullo Veredas que de a uno en 0fondo de tu brisa tropical. caminaban tus tipleros Eh vez se oye el rugir cuando la luna era Rena de cien aviones a chorro y era noche de domingo. que a tus playas aterrizan quemando el mangle y la brisa y fastidiando al coque. Te has convertido en jungla Hace apenas media siglo de cabarets y posadas, asi0estaban tus riberas de mtisicacom plicada caminadas po!' tus gentes de jergas incomprensibles. ' qup bien sabian ,por que Ya no ere§ isla, eresjungla.* te llamaban Isla Verde Ya no se sabe por que v te llamaron Isla Verde. Manuel Garcia Morin Nagam6) 19,3 Copyright 1981 by Manuel Garcia Morin, used by permission._All rights reserved by. the author. r ,11/ TABLE OF CONTiNTB PUERTO RICANS.IN SCIENCE: Report ofa Meeting Held April 22-24, 1981 INTRODUCTION TO CONFERENCE S. Maria Hardy 6 \NIH PERSPECTIVE' --Zora J. Griffo 11 HISPANIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERICAW LIFE:. HISTORICAL AN.D .MODERN PERSPECTIVES Major General Enrique Mendez, Jr. 15 A BLURRED STATISTICAL POkTRAIT OF HISPANIC SCIENTISTS Betty M. Vetter 21 THE EDUCATION OF PUERTO RICANS IN THE UNITED STATES. Shirley Mahaley Malcom 31 STATUS OF PUERTO RICANS IN.SCIE-NCE THE ISLAND Manuel Gomez Rodriguez 37 PUERTO RICANS AND SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZING Michele L. Aldrich 45 RECOMM.ENDATIONS OF THE CONFERENCEOF PUERTO RICAN SCIENTISTS 49 :- BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PUERTO RICANS: EDUCATION AND E MPLOYM ENT Michele r;. Aldrich 57 , APPENDIX. A Final Agenda 63 List of Participants 67 APPENDIX B SCIENCE news article 75 , ,PUERt0 RICANS 11k1 SCIENCE: Iteport of a Meeting Held April 22-24,- 19817 Bethesda, Maryland conducted by the Office ,of Opportunities in Science American Association for the Advancement of Seience . Esta ponencia de Ia reuniOn de abril de 1981 'resume los discursos dados y los debates qostehidos clurante eqta sesiOn.Los resdmenet de los,debatesincluyeninformaciOnsobre'algunasdelas recomendaciones del grupo.La- mayorIa del material presentido en esta ponencia -puede encontrarse en forma 'Integra en otras partes de .este libro. twelVe divisions arid institutes Of She National Institutes of Healthcosponsored this Conference* to examine'the barriers to participation of Puerto Ricans in the United States to careers in science and biomedicine. Thirty-five senior Puerto Rican scientists tobk part in the session, virtually all Working in biomedical fields. Four were employed at universities on the island of Puerto. Rico, and the others worked in scientific'settings on the mainland, including positions in government, acadtme, and the private sector. Twenty science students of Puerto Rican heritage were alsO active participants; they were enrolled in"mainland graduate and undergraduate programs, many of thefn doing research under. Minority Biomedical Support program (mBs) or Minority Access to Research .CareerS Progrsm (MARC) auspices.Also contributing to the meeting were a number of NIH staff members, several Puerto Ricans who work closely with scientists although not trained in those fields, AAAS staff; and a few observers frdni federal agencies interested in the theme of the conference.The meetingconsisted of small workshops alternating with plenary sessions. .0 At the opening plenary session, S. Maria Hardy (Associate Professor of Physiology at Louisiana Slate University, Shreveport, Itnd Chair of the Conferenbe) outlined the history of concern and. involvement by Puerto Rican science professionals that led to the,conceptualization and convening of this.:Conf,erence.She noted the AAAS role in many of these activities including the mfnocitir women scientists conference, the informal meeting of Puerto Rican scientists in New/York in 1476, the Puerto Rican membership on' the AAAS Committee. on Opportunities in Science and the Puerto Rican directory project.She charged the conferees to utilize the opportunity which had been provided them by the NIH to examine .the barriers to, their. participation in science, and to formulate a course of action that would lead to advances in biomedical careers. , Zora Griffo, Special Assistant_ to the Direetor, NIH, outlined the history- of concern by the National Mstitutes of Health for groups.underrepresented in biomedical *Division of Research Resources, Drvision of Equal Opportunity, National Cancer Institute,NationalInstituteofGeneral. MedicalSciences,Natiqnal.jnstituteof Neurological and Communicative DisorderS and Stroke, National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institute on Aging, National Eye Institute, Fogarty International Center. - 4 research.She noted the peed to understand the .particular barriers to career entry by' the various groups and indicated that NIH's missibn required that it attend to the development of needed talent frorh all segments of the Population. %Both speakers noted that the decision to go forth with such efforts was a sign of NII-Ps perception of the importance of this part of its mission in view of the hard choices being made 'in'a time of budget
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Allá Y Acá: Locating Puerto Ricans in the Diaspora(S)
    Diálogo Volume 5 Number 1 Article 4 2001 Allá y Acá: Locating Puerto Ricans in the Diaspora(s) Miriam Jiménez Román Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Jiménez Román, Miriam (2001) "Allá y Acá: Locating Puerto Ricans in the Diaspora(s)," Diálogo: Vol. 5 : No. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo/vol5/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Latino Research at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Diálogo by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Allá y Acá: Locating Puerto Ricans in the Diaspora(s) Cover Page Footnote This article is from an earlier iteration of Diálogo which had the subtitle "A Bilingual Journal." The publication is now titled "Diálogo: An Interdisciplinary Studies Journal." This article is available in Diálogo: https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo/vol5/iss1/4 IN THE DIASPORA(S) Acá:AlláLocatingPuertoRicansy ©Miriam ©Miriam Jiménez Román Yo soy Nuyorican.1 Puerto Rico there was rarely a reference Rico, I was assured that "aquí eso no es Así es—vengo de allá. to los de afuera that wasn't, on some un problema" and counseled as to the Soy producto de la migración level, derogatory, so that even danger of imposing "las cosas de allá, puertorriqueña, miembro de la otra compliments ("Hay, pero tu no pareces acá." Little wonder, then, that twenty- mitad de la nación.
    [Show full text]
  • Crafting Colombianidad: Race, Citizenship and the Localization of Policy in Philadelphia
    CRAFTING COLOMBIANIDAD: RACE, CITIZENSHIP AND THE LOCALIZATION OF POLICY IN PHILADELPHIA A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Diane R. Garbow July 2016 Examining Committee Members: Judith Goode, Advisory Chair, Department of Anthropology Naomi Schiller, Department of Anthropology Melissa Gilbert, Department of Geography and Urban Studies Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas, External Member, City University of New York © Copyright 2016 by Diane R. Garbow All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT In contrast to the municipalities across the United States that restrict migration and criminalize the presence of immigrants, Philadelphia is actively seeking to attract immigrants as a strategy to reverse the city’s limited economic and political importance caused by decades of deindustrialization and population loss. In 2010, the population of Philadelphia increased for the first time in six decades. This achievement, widely celebrated by the local government and in the press, was only made possible through increased immigration. This dissertation examines how efforts to attract migrants, through the creation of localized policy and institutions that facilitate incorporation, transform assertions of citizenship and the dynamics of race for Colombian migrants. The purpose of this research is to analyze how Colombians’ articulations of citizenship, and the ways they extend beyond juridical and legal rights, are enabled and constrained under new regimes of localized policy. In the dissertation, I examine citizenship as a set of performances and practices that occur in quotidian tasks that seek to establish a sense of belonging. Without a complex understanding of the effects of local migration policy, and how they differ from the effects of federal policy, we fail to grasp how Philadelphia’s promotion of migration has unstable and unequal effects for differentially situated actors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Class and Gender Dimensions of Puerto Rican Migration to Chicago
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1993 The class and gender dimensions of Puerto Rican migration to Chicago Maura I. Toro-Morn Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Toro-Morn, Maura I., "The class and gender dimensions of Puerto Rican migration to Chicago" (1993). Dissertations. 3025. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3025 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1993 Maura I. Toro-Morn LOYOLA UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CLASS AND GENDER DIMENSIONS OF PUERTO RICAN MIGRATION TO CHICAGO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY BY MAURA I. TORO-MORN CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MAY, 1993 Copyright, 1993, Maura I. Toro-Morn All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study would not have been possible without the careful reading, support and guidance of my dissertation advisor, Dr. Judith Wittner, who labor with me through innumerable drafts. I am also grateful to Dr. Peter Whalley and Dr. Maria Canabal for their help and confidence in me. My husband, Dr. Frank Morn, provided the everyday support, love, and excitement about the project to get me though the most difficult parts of completing this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Puerto Ricans in Orlando and Central Florida
    Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños Hunter College (CUNY) Policy rePort | VOLUMe 1 | No. 1 |sPriNg 2006 Puerto Ricans in Orlando and Central Florida Jorge Duany Félix V. Matos-roDríguez Puerto Ricans in Orlando and Central Florida Jorge Duany Department of sociology and Anthropology University of Puerto rico, río Piedras This report was sponsored by the Orlando Regional Chamber of Commerce and Orange County Government. Félix V. Matos-roDríguez centro de estudios Puertorriqueños Hunter college, city University of New york Contents Summary of Main Findings . 2 Acknowledgments . 5 Introduction . 5 Changing Settlement Patterns . 8 Historical Background . 12 Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños A Contemporary Socioeconomic Portrait . 15 Hunter College (CUNY) Political Incorporation . 22 695 Park Avenue, Room E-1429 New York, New York 10021 Cultural Identities . 24 212.772.5686 Toward a New Research Agenda . 26 www.centropr.org Conclusion . 29 Notes . 30 References . 33 Biographical Sketches . 39 ...2... ...1... SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS • Between 1990 and 2000, the city of orlando experienced the largest increase (142 percent) in the number of Puerto ricans • During the 1990s, Florida displaced New Jersey as the second largest stateside. today, orlando is the fourth-largest metropolitan concentration of Puerto ricans in the U.s. mainland (after New york). area for Puerto ricans in the United states, after New york city, Florida’s Puerto rican population grew from slightly more than 2 percent Philadelphia, and chicago. of all stateside Puerto ricans in 1960 to more than 14 percent in the year • Puerto rican migration to central Florida is not highly selective by sex. 2000. Furthermore, the number of Puerto rican residents in Florida island-born and mainland-born residents have very similar proportions rose from 482,027 in 2000 to 571,755 persons in 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • 1966 Division Street Riot
    Diálogo Volume 2 Number 1 Article 6 1997 Recollections: 1966 Division Street Riot Mervin Méndez Center for Latino Research Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Méndez, Mervin (1997) "Recollections: 1966 Division Street Riot," Diálogo: Vol. 2 : No. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo/vol2/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Latino Research at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Diálogo by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIALOGANDO Recollections The 1966 Division Street Riots by Mervin Méndez destruction of property and the mis­ Center for Latino Research treatment of community residents by DePaul University the Chicago Police, this event also led to the formation of groups and Violence is initiated by those who organizations to address the con­ oppress, who exploit, who fail to rec­ cerns of the community in areas such ognize others as persons-not by as health, education, housing and those who are oppressed, exploited employment. and unrecognized. It is not the To commemorate the 31st anni­ unloved who initiate disaffection, versary of this important event in the but those who cannot love because history of Chicago’s Puerto Rican they love themselves. It is not the and Latino community, Diálogo set helpless, subject to terror, who initi­ out to interview members of the ate terror, but the violent, who with Puerto Rican community who were their power create the concrete situ­ eyewitnesses to the events of those ation which begets the “rejects of days and who also were active in the life”..
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Nuevo Chicago? Language, Diaspora, and Latina/O Panethnic Formations Jonathan Rosa
    2 Nuevo Chicago? Language, Diaspora, and Latina/o Panethnic Formations Jonathan Rosa INTRODUCTION In February 2010, the Chicago Sun-Times ran a series of stories titled “Nuevo Chicago: How Young Hispanics are Reshaping the Region”. The ambivalent use of English and Spanish in the title of this series corresponds to the stories’ alternate framing of the experiences of Latinas/os 1 growing up in Chicago as “two cultures fi nding a happy medium in the mainstream” and “living in two worlds”. The stories suggest that “emphasis on language and identity seem to go hand in hand” and point to examples such as one young man who “thinks of himself as Mexican” even though he “was born in Chicago and speaks fl uent English without an accent”. This series of stories exemplifi es the contested terrain over which language is positioned as a sign of assimila- tion and distinctiveness for Chicago Latinas/os. It also raises questions about the ways that the relationship between language and “Latina/o-ness” is con- structed within Chicago’s specifi c urban context. In this chapter, I analyze the interplay between ideas about language and place in the construction of panethnic identities. I focus on Chicago as an urban sociolinguistic context and “US Latina/o” as an emergent panethnic category-concept that comprises US–based persons of Latin American descent. Chicago’s Latina/o population is predominated by Mexicans and Puerto Ricans. Many Chicago-based Mexicans and Puerto Ricans engage in diasporic spatial practices by representing different community areas throughout the city as “Mexican Chicago” and “Puerto Rican Chicago”.
    [Show full text]
  • Manovich Umn 0130E 17039.Pdf
    “Is This a Real Neighborhood?”: Universities, Urban Development, and Neighborhood Change in the Twentieth Century United States A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Ellen L. Manovich IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Donna Gabaccia, Steven Ruggles May 2016 © Ellen Manovich 2016 Acknowledgements The first place I truly felt at home in Minnesota was on the waters of the Mississippi River, where the University of Minnesota Women’s rowing team welcomed me as a graduate student athlete. Even though the NCAA eventually blocked my participation in competition, I owe my thanks to those students and coaches for giving me a training and competitive home, for helping me pursue my athletic as well as my academic goals, for orienting me to campus, and for telling me kindly about the apparel needed to row in Minnesota (“My hands and feet are so cold!” “Welcome to Minnesota. You need woolen socks and pogies.”) I spent much of my first years at Minnesota as an itinerant, scrambling up the banks of the Mississippi, dragging my bike up the hill and across the river to the west side of campus, striding across the skyways and through the tunnels between the History department and the Minnesota Population Center. In other words, I am fortunate to have had many homes, personal and academic, on- and off- campus. For funding and office space throughout my time in graduate school, I thank the Minnesota Population Center, where I served as grad RA and doctoral fellow, and the History department, where I worked as a TA and an instructor.
    [Show full text]
  • Ment in Puerto Rican Chicago by Karen Serwer Secrist
    Construyendo nuestro pedacito de patria: Space and Dis(place)ment in Puerto Rican Chicago by Karen Serwer Secrist Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Antonio Viego, Supervisor ___________________________ Esther Gabara ___________________________ Walter Mignolo ___________________________ Claudia Milián ___________________________ Richard Rosa Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 ABSTRACT Construyendo nuestro pedacito de patria: Space and Dis(place)ment in Puerto Rican Chicago by Karen Serwer Secrist Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Antonio Viego, Supervisor ___________________________ Esther Gabara ___________________________ Walter Mignolo ___________________________ Claudia Milián ___________________________ Richard Rosa An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright by Karen Serwer Secrist 2009 Abstract This dissertation explores the relationship between identity and place in the imagination, performance and production of post-World War II Puerto Rican urban space in Chicago. Specifically, I contend that the articulation of Puerto Rican spatiality in the city has emerged primarily as a response to the threat of local displacement as a byproduct of urban renewal and gentrification. I further argue the experience of displacement, manifested through territorial attachment, works to deepen the desire for community and belonging. Through a performance and cultural studies approach, this project works to track this recent history of Puerto Rican geographic and psychic displacement within Chicago as it is evidenced by various performative spatial interventions and manifested within the community’s expressive culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Latino-Police Relations in 1960'S Chicago Crisol G
    McNair Scholars Journal Volume 19 | Issue 1 Article 4 2015 "They Do Not Treat Us Like Human Beings": Latino-Police Relations in 1960's Chicago Crisol G. Beliz Grand Valley State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/mcnair Recommended Citation Beliz, Crisol G. (2015) ""They oD Not Treat Us Like Human Beings": Latino-Police Relations in 1960's Chicago," McNair Scholars Journal: Vol. 19 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/mcnair/vol19/iss1/4 Copyright © 2015 by the authors. McNair Scholars Journal is reproduced electronically by ScholarWorks@GVSU. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/ mcnair?utm_source=scholarworks.gvsu.edu%2Fmcnair%2Fvol19%2Fiss1%2F4&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages “They Do Not Treat Us Like Human Beings”: Latino-Police Relations in 1960’s Chicago Instances of police brutality against even though the issue of police brutality unarmed African-Americans dominate continued to negatively affect the the news and media outlets. Stories community. Their efforts were not in vain; of police brutality against unarmed instead, their actions were able to bring citizens across the United States have the Latino community of Chicago into garnered the attention of a worldwide the larger national conversation about the audience. Names such as Eric Garner mistreatment of marginalized groups in and Rodney King were embedded in the 1960’s. people’s memories, but what about names like Manuel Ramos? Members Puerto Ricans in Chicago of the Latino1 community have also Puerto Ricans have been migrating to been victims of police brutality, even Chicago since the early years of the though this community is often left twentieth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Nationalism and Racial Formation in Puerto Rican Chicago, 1946-1994
    BETWEEN TWO FLAGS: CULTURAL NATIONALISM AND RACIAL FORMATION IN PUERTO RICAN CHICAGO, 1946-1994 BY MICHAEL J. STAUDENMAIER DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor David R. Roediger, Chair Professor Adrian Burgos, Jr., Co-Chair Professor Antoinette Burton Professor Jerry Dávila Professor Kevin Mumford Abstract This dissertation traces the history of Chicago’s Puerto Rican community between 1946 and 1994, a period of sustained growth and repeated transformations. Throughout this period, cultural nationalism proved itself a valuable tool to mobilize support for multiple and competing political projects, including both those that supported and those that rejected independence for the island of Puerto Rico. As such, I argue, cultural nationalism played a key role in shaping the racial formation of the local community and, eventually, the emergence of “Latina/o” as a novel racial category on a broader scale. Drawing on a wide range of archival sources, including newspapers, government documents, ethnographic field notes, and polemical writings produced within social movements, Between Two Flags sheds new light on the history of attempts by forces within Chicago’s Puerto Rican community to define its identity in the face of external pressures. The first two chapters investigate three early efforts to deploy cultural nationalism on a local scale, all of which promoted (in different ways) the eventual assimilation of Puerto Ricans into whiteness. Chapters three and four examine the collapse of these early models, first by excavating in detail the pivotal three-day Division Street Riots of 1966, and then by looking at the gendered experience of poverty in the community.
    [Show full text]
  • A Puerto Rican Business District As a Community Strategy for Resisting Gentrification in Chicago
    A Puerto Rican Business District as a Community Strategy for Resisting Gentrification in Chicago Ivis García* Abstract This article outlines the strategies for economic and community development in a neighborhood in Chicago, mainly composed of Puerto Rican migrants, that has been experiencing gentrification since the 1990s. This paper argues that the Puerto Rican leadership has attempted, with some degree of success, to promote economic development in the form of businesses and institutions that reproduce the Puerto Rican culture in a commercial district known as Paseo Boricua without resulting in the displacement of the pre-existing community. This has been made possible by a community plan, which balances projects aimed at creating jobs with social interests. In particular, this research explores the elements of that plan, along with other strategies, which have contributed to the prosperity of Paseo Boricua, as well as some of the challenges the district confronts. This research is based on 4 and a half years of ethnographic work with an organization of community leaders named the Puerto Rican Agenda. Besides ethnographic methodology, the study is based on interviews, focus groups and surveys.[Keywords: Business District, Puerto Rican, Gentrification, Community Development, Economic Development]. Introduction Gentrification refers to a process of neighborhood change where people with more purchasing power move into a working-class neighborhood resulting in rent, housing and tax increases ultimately displacing original residents (Smith and Williams, 1996). Long-term residents often contest the forces of gentrification by organizing a number of grassroots campaigns and directly protesting the building of condominiums and the creation of businesses that they are not able to afford (Levy, Comey and Padilla, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • KEYFINDINGS Economic Development
    2 KEY FINDINGS: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • In 2010, 9% of Puerto Ricans in Chicago were unemployed—more than Mexicans (7%) and whites (5%), but less than African Americans (11%).1 This level of unemployment reflects national and historical trends wherein Puerto Ricans have the highest unemploy- ment among Latinos.2 • Chicago Puerto Ricans were comparatively underrepresented in management, business, science and arts occupations in 2010. Whites were almost twice as likely to be employed in these occupations.1 • 18% of Puerto Ricans in Chicago worked for the government in 2010, substantially more than Mexicans (6%) or whites (11%), but less than African Americans, 22% of whom had public employment in 2010.1 • In focus groups, Puerto Rican business owners indicated a need for improved access to capital, especially short-term small business loans. • In the PRIA, it seems likely that Puerto Ricans and other consumers are having to travel outside their neighborhood to shop for some key consumer goods, especially clothing and footwear. This leakage may represent a latent opportunity for entrepreneurs.3,4,5,6,7 1. 2006 - 2010 AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY (4 YEAR) 2. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, THE LATINO LABOR FORCE IN THE RECOVERY (2011) 3. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY TABLES (2010) 4. US CENSUS BUREAU DECENNIAL CENSUS (2010) 5. US CENSUS BUREAU COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS (2010) 6. US CENSUS BUREAU ZIP CODE BUSINESS PATTERNS (2010) ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE SALES TAX REPORTING 31 | PUERTO RICAN AGENDA RESEARCH PROJECT 7. (2011)
    [Show full text]