Agrobiodiversità e produzioni animali: stato dell’arte sulle risorse genetiche autoctone e focus sui casi della Pecora Massese, Pecora Garfagnina Bianca e Mucco Pisano
%=HF8CC8'!A@G8 ,@7E83'/8EE3 )3E68>>A')8>8 La perdita di biodiversità animale
Nel settore zootecnico si sta assistendo da tempo ad una rapida perdita di biodiversità dovuta alla +-1 sostituzione delle razze locali con razze selezionate -,&#' "#% specificatamente perché più produttive e adatte ad un -1 allevamento di tipo industriale. !'(#$(# ,.1 +.1 ' %$%' #)(# $%$,-,&#' "#%
"3G='$,+ / 1// 2// 3// 4// 0/// 01// 02// 03// 04// !('*#*)&*$%&( *+&'+( 3*)&*$%&( "$('(*$&,+& Biodiversità delle popolazioni zootecniche in Italia
Nel contesto italiano, il concetto di biodiversità è da riferirsi a: ! razze autoctone a limitata diffusione, ! caratterizzanti le zone rurali svantaggiate, ! generalmente legate a tradizioni storiche allevatoriali, ! produzioni tipiche locali.
La scomparsa di queste razze può determinare: ! un impoverimento del patrimonio naturalistico nazionale; ! lo spopolamento e l’abbandono dei territori rurali; ! l’aumento del degrado ambientale; ! perdita delle produzioni tipiche locali e delle tradizioni culturali. Classificazione FAO delle razze 1*2&)*.
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#./.+%5*.-(*3.3%+( !%2&)**1*/1.'433.1* (,,*-(*1*/1.'4331*&* Situazione delle razze autoctone toscane considerate a rischio
1 razza asinina: Asino dell’Amiata ;
1 razza avicola: Valdarnese Bianca ;
6 razze bovine: Calvana, Garfagnina, Maremmana, Mucco Pisano, Pontremolese, Romagnola ;
2 razze caprine: Capra della Garfagnana e Capra di Montecristo ;
4 razze equine: Cavallo Appenninico, Cavallo Bardigiano, Cavallo Maremmano, Cavallo Monterufolino ;
6 razze ovine: Appenninica, Garfagnina Bianca, Massese, Pecora dell’Amiata, Pomarancina e Zerasca ;
2 razze suine: Cinta senese e Macchiaiola Maremmana . Attività svolte nell’ambito del progetto
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HA@3'E8F3'63F83E=3 ! +GG=?A'373GG3?8@GA'3'KA@8'?3E;=@3>= ! +GG=?3'DH3>=G4'7='>3GG8'8'63E@8 Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 ° caso studio) (:585981%01365%-661?-=9;5 ! )AG=J='78>'E=F6<=A'8FG=@K=A@8O o #94D/A<)A/@@<)38):/@A8A4 o R??4A?/A4EE/)38):<9A8)/994D/AB/98) ABAA8)=/?A428=4?4114?< o ')2<;A?81BA8)/99K/994D/:4;A<)@<;<)@B558284;A8G):/) 18@<6;/)3/?4):/668 ! )8E63GA o ./9 ! #322+'0+)$0(%%(0.',$'1&(,2$''+'$,,(4$0,$ Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 ° caso studio) (:585985%<>66-%61331%KRNDLJKO ! *A@'GHGG='8E3@A'3'6A@AF68@K3'78>>8':=;HE3' 78>>QR3>>8J3GAE8'6HFGA78R ! .8CHG3@A'>3':=;HE3'78>>QR3>>8J3GAE8'6HFGA78R'H@' J3>AE8'3;;=H@GA ! '>'?3E6<=A'@3K=A@3>8'6<8'=78@G=:=6<='>QR3>>8J3GAE8' 6HFGA78R'9'H@A'FGEH?8@GA'C8E'J3>AE=KK3E8'=>'EHA>A' 78>>Q3>>8J3GAE8 ! ,AF=G=J3'9'>Q=FG=GHK=A@8'7='H@3'.8G8'@3K=A@3>8'7=' 3>>8J3GAE='6HFGA7='C8E':3JAE=E8'H@'?3;;=AE8'E3CCAEGA' 6A@'FGEHGGHE8'F6=8@G=:=6<8P Fase II : Pecora Garfagnina Bianca (I1I ° caso studio) !-;-==1;5<=5/41%01661%-@51801 ! !A@7HK=A@8O' $/:898/?4 ! /GEHGGHE8O o -A/99/ o JJII ! /HC8E:=6=8'3K=8@73>8O' UNRQQ &3 ! ,8E=A7A'7='3>>8J3?8@GAO' o 3/)38D4?@4)64;4?/E8<;8 o 3/)=<278)/;;8)O4@@4;E8/9:4;A4)68 ! ,EA7HK=A@8O' o 89)9/AA4)D84;4)2/@48582/A< 8;)/E84;3/)4)8)=?<3 #1<=5981%-857-65 ! ,>>8J3?8@GAO' .84;4)/994D/A/)4@29B@8D/:4;A4)9/) %/?5/6;8;/) 8/;2/ ! .=CEA7HGGAE=O o RNV)?8=?<3BAA ! $86A@73K=A@8O' ;/AB?/94)@4;E/)/@@8@A4;E/);48)=8/;8)38) /22<==8/:4;A ! )AG=J='78>'E=F6<=A'8FG=@K=A@8O o !<:=4A8E8<;4)2<;)?/EE4)=8C)=?<3BAA8D4 o +<278)8;D4@A8:4;A8)3/)=/?A4)348)68 ! )8E63GA o -5?BAA/?4)89)?B<9<)349):/?278<)LR6;499<)%/?5/6;8; ! #322+'0+)$0(%%(0.',$'1&(,2$''+'$,,(4$0,$ Fase II : Pecora Garfagnina Bianca (I1I ° caso studio) (:585985%<>66-%61331%KRNDLJKO ! 0HGG='8E3@A'3'6A@AF68@K3'78>>8':=;HE3'78>>QR3>>8J3GAE8' 6HFGA78R ! .8CHG3@A'>3':=;HE3'78>>QR3>>8J3GAE8'6HFGA78R'H@' J3>AE8'3;;=H@GA ! 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