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Giuseppe Conte, Andrea Serra E Marcello Mele

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Giuseppe Conte, Andrea Serra E Marcello Mele Agrobiodiversità e produzioni animali: stato dell’arte sulle risorse genetiche autoctone e focus sui casi della Pecora Massese, Pecora Garfagnina Bianca e Mucco Pisano %"HF8CC8'(A*G8 ,*7.83'08..3 13.2833A'1838 La perdita di biodiversità animale Nel settore zootecnico si sta assistendo da tempo ad una rapida perdita di biodiversità dovuta alla +01 sostituzione delle razze locali con razze selezionate -,.($ /(% specificatamente perché più produttive e adatte ad un 01 allevamento di tipo industriale. 1$(($(( ,.1 +.1 $ %$%$ ()(( $%$,-,.($ /(% 43G"'5,6 / 1// 2// 3// 4// 0/// 01// 02// 03// 04// '()*+*,-./0-( .2-)2( 3*,-./0-( 4/()(./-,2- Biodiversità delle popolazioni zootecniche in Italia Nel contesto italiano, il concetto di biodiversità è da riferirsi a: ! razze autoctone a limitata diffusione, ! caratterizzanti le zone rurali svantaggiate, ! generalmente legate a tradizioni storiche allevatoriali, ! produzioni tipiche locali. La scomparsa di queste razze può determinare: ! un impoverimento del patrimonio naturalistico nazionale; ! lo spopolamento e l’abbandono dei territori rurali; ! l’aumento del degrado ambientale; ! perdita delle produzioni tipiche locali e delle tradizioni culturali. Classificazione FAO delle razze 1'2./'. 5.-*%* !""" " !""" 6 1'2./'. !"" $ !"" 7)$'02'% #./.$%5'.-)*3.3%$) ,%2./'*1'/1.1233.1' ),,'-)*1'/1.12331'.' Situazione delle razze autoctone toscane considerate a rischio 1 razza asinina: Asino dell’Amiata ; 1 razza avicola: Valdarnese Bianca ; 6 razze bovine: Calvana, Garfagnina, Maremmana, Mucco Pisano, Pontremolese, Romagnola ; 2 razze caprine: Capra della Garfagnana e Capra di Montecristo ; 4 razze equine: Cavallo Appenninico, Cavallo Bardigiano, Cavallo Maremmano, Cavallo Monterufolino ; 6 razze ovine: Appenninica, Garfagnina Bianca, Massese, Pecora dell’Amiata, Pomarancina e Zerasca ; 2 razze suine: Cinta senese e Macchiaiola Maremmana . 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(A*G."5HG" ! ."733HG3.8'"3'F8GGA.8'*83'CAFGS 0V Fase II : Mucco Pisano (1 ° caso studio) L03,39,1%01313%-111A-5923 ! 1AG"7"'783'."F28"A'8FG"*R"A*8O o 2"*2"%%4*E,)%,EE4)18C)#1428,28EE,A4 o ,11,*3"*"),).,4"%4)38)%,EE4)#1428,28EE,A4 o /,*2,*E,)38)8*8E8,A844)274)4,2"%8EE8*")2,)%,EE,)) ! 0H::8.";8*G" o C,668"%8)8*44#A8/4*A8)OM-,P o C,668"%4)ABA42,)3422,).8284%, ! 18.23GA o B#")#2"%%4AA")342)*"/4)NCB22")M8#,*"O)274) 2%4,)2"*.B#8"*4)A%,)8)2"*#B/,A"%8 o 1%"/B"44%4)/,668"%8)8*8E8,A844)38)2""14%,E8"*4) 14%)1%"/B"44%4)2,)%,EE,),)284422")/438,A82" ! 3122/'0/,$0(55(0.',$'1&(,2$'7/'$,,(8$0,$ Fase II : Mucco Pisano (1 ° caso studio) L03,39,3%#B11-%11331%KRNDLNK. ! *A*'GHGG"'8.3*A'3'2A*AF28*R3'78338'9":H.3' 7833WR333873GA.8'2HFGA78R ! .8CHG3*A'33'9":H.3'7833WR333873GA.8'2HFGA78R'H*' 733).8'3::=H*GA ! 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(A*7HR"A*8O' :,/828,%4 ! 0G.HGGH.8O o -A,22, o :84*824 o -82"# o '/18,*A8)38)/,28*,E8"*4 ! 0HC8.9"2"8'3R"8*7338O' UIRQQ &3 ! ,8."A7A'7"'333873;8*GAO' o 3,)3844%#4)64*4%,E8"*8 o 3,)1"278),**8)O4##4*E8,2/4*A4)68"4,*8P ! ,.A7HR"A*8O' 82)2,AA4)484*4)2,#48.82,A" 8*) ,E84*3,)4)8)1%"3"AA8)44*3BA8)38%4AA,/4*A4),2) 2"*#B/,A"%4I Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 ° caso studio) 41#539,1%-,37-13 ! ,33873;8*GAO' .84*4),2244,A,)4#22B#84,/4*A4)2,) C,##4#4 ! ."C.A7HGGA."O o SIW)%81%"3BAA"%8)O2,/18,A8)"6*8)TIU),**8P o WQITWQ)%81%"3BAA%828 o ,81%"3BAA"%8)%414%8A8)3,2)24*A%")64*4A82")38) R#28,*")O-'P ! 582A*73R"A*8O' *,AB%,24)#4*E,),##8#A4*E,)*48)18,*8)38) ,22"118,/4*A" Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 ° caso studio) H/115-%03%-111A-21%1-%2-::- ! TH8FG"A*"'3998GG"78 ! 0.37"R"A*8'7"'93;":3"3 ! 1AG"7"'FGA."2" ! 1A3A*G4'7"'333873.8'H*3'.3RR3'3HGA2GA*3 ,-,5-333 ! HA*3'.8F3'23F83."3 ! 6GG";A'373GG3;8*GA'3'RA*8';3.:"*33" ! 6GG";3'DH33"G4'7"'33GG8'8'23.*8 Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 ° caso studio) L03,39,1%01313%-111A-5923 ! 1AG"7"'783'."F28"A'8FG"*R"A*8O o S244,A")A,##")38)/,#A8A4 o R%%4A%,A4EE,)38)/"2A8),2244,A"%8 o S%%,A4)64#A8"*8),2244,A"%8,28 ! 0H::8.";8*G" o '*A4*#8.82,%4)24)8*8E8,A844)38)4,2"%8EE,E8"*4),224)+B,28) ABAA8)1,%A42814%4114%" o ')2"*A%81BA8),223,2244,/4*A")#"*")#B..8284*A80)/,) 18#"6*,)3,%4)/,668"%4)#1,E8"),224),AA848A0)38) /4%2,A" ! 18.23GA o .,2"%8EE,E8"*4)342)%,11"%A")2"*)82)A4%%8A"%8")O(/)Q)4) 18"2"682"P ! 3122/'0/,$0(55(0.',$'1&(,2$'7/'$,,(8$0,$ Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 ° caso studio) L03,39,3%#B11-%11331%KRNDLNK.
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