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Technologies Des Transports Transport Des Personnes Résumé | Les Systèmes De Transport CIV6707A ! Par Pierre-Léo Bourbonnais Référence Principale: VUCHIC, Vukan R

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Technologies Des Transports Transport Des Personnes Résumé | Les Systèmes De Transport CIV6707A ! Par Pierre-Léo Bourbonnais Référence Principale: VUCHIC, Vukan R Technologies des transports Transport des personnes Résumé | Les systèmes de transport CIV6707A ! Par Pierre-Léo Bourbonnais Référence principale: VUCHIC, Vukan R. Urban Transit Systems and Technology, 2007 Chapitres 2 & 5 à 10 Des extraits du livre VUCHIC, Vukan R. Urban Transit Systems and Technology,1 © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. sont insérés dans ce document avec la permission de l’éditeur CIV6707A Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Classification des systèmes de transport Contenu de la présentation • Priorités de passage et • Modes sur rail • Comment les évaluer? vitesses • Tramway (Streetcar) • Courtes distances • Évolution optimale d’une • SLR • Téléphériques ville • SRR / Métros • Bateaux et traversiers • Modes sur rue • Trains régionaux / Trains • Modes parallèles • Minibus de banlieue • Location de voitures et • Midibus • Tram-train covoiturage • Bus régulier • Véhicules et design • Semi-public • Bus articulé et bi-articulé • Impacts • Autopartage • Bus à impériale • Coûts • Taxi • Trolleybus • Tendance et rôles futurs • Transport à la demande • Bus guidé • TGV • Rôle des modes parallèles • Bus interurbain • Modes spécialisés • Choix des technologies et • Modes de propulsion AGT des modes et • comparaisons • Design • APM • Traitements préférentiels • Monorail • Tableau récapitulatif • SRB PRT • Conclusions et • perspectives 2 CIV6707A Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Classification des systèmes de transport Systèmes de transport collectif Priorité de passage / Right of way (ROW) Niveau de service, capacité, vitesse Catégorie C Catégorie B Catégorie A ‣ circulation mixte ‣ voies séparées physiquement ‣ priorité de passage entièrement ‣ voies réservées optionnelles (barrière, bordure, dénivelé, etc.) contrôlée et exclusive ‣ signalisation ou lignes sur ‣ en site propre ‣ possibilité de traverses mais la chaussée ‣ intersections partagées entièrement prioritaires (trains de banlieue/régionaux) ‣ Exemples: ‣ signalisation prioritaire ‣ en site propre ‣ tramway sur chaussée (souvent) partagée ‣ peut approcher/atteindre la ‣ accès interdit à tout autre véhicule ou personne ‣ voies réservées pour vitesse des déplacements voiture autobus urbains ‣ Exemples: ‣ peut atteindre/dépasser la vitesse des déplacements voiture ! ‣ SLR / LRT (nouveau tramway) ‣ Exemples: ! ‣ SRB / BRT (service rapide par bus) ‣ tunnel, (métro) ! ! ‣ aérien (sky train) ! ! ‣ chemins de fer régionaux Niveau de service, capacité, vitesse 3 CIV6707A Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Classification des systèmes de transport Systèmes de transport collectif Relation entre la priorité de passage et la vitesse Modes collectifs associés: Vitesse basée surtout sur la catégorie de priorité de passage ‣ Bus navette ‣ sur rue (plutôt lent) (catégorie C) ‣ Bus régulier ‣ semi-rapide (toutes catégories, mais surtout B) ‣ Bus express sur rue sur rue ‣ peut approcher/atteindre la vitesse des déplacements voiture ‣ Trolleybus ‣ rapide (catégorie A) ‣ Tramway / Streetcar ‣ toujours guidé et automatisé à un certain degré ! ‣ peut atteindre/dépasser la vitesse des déplacements voiture ‣ SRB / BRT • Service rapide par bus ‣ Technologies spécialisées / non conventionnelles ‣ SLR / LRT • Nouveau tramway semi-rapide ‣ certains AGT (automated guideway transit) ‣ Navette AGT et APM (automated people mover) ‣ traversiers ‣ AGT ‣ funiculaires ‣ SRLR / LRRT ‣ trottoirs roulants ‣ Métro sur pneus ‣ téléphériques... ! ‣ Métro sur rail rapide ! ‣ Monorail ! ‣ Trains régionaux ! ‣ Trains de banlieue 4 CIV6707A | Cours 2 Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Classification des systèmes de transport Évolution optimale du réseau de transport d’une ville Étapes d’évolution VUCHIC, Vukan R. Urban Transit Systems and Technology | Figure 2.4 5 CIV6707A | Cours 2 Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Classification des systèmes de transport Modes sur rue • Bus Caractéristiques 3 types Avantages Bus conventionnel ‣ faible coût d’investissement ‣ catégorie C, circulation mixte/partagée ‣ fexibilité (changements de routes, d’arrêts, detours...) ‣ adéquat pour service local ‣ implantation rapide ‣ non compétitif avec l’auto (vitesse, confort, etc.) ‣ les véhicules les plus économiques entre 15 et ‣ Amérique du Nord | souvent perception à l’avant 60 passagers par unité seulement et arrêts à chaque intersection ! ‣ embarquements plus lents Avantage ou inconvénient selon le contexte ‣ vitesses commerciales ↓ ‣ faible infuence sur l’aménagement urbain BTS (Bus transit system) Désavantages ‣ catégorie C améliorée ‣ sensibles à la congestion (catégorie C) ‣ optimisation et intégration des lignes ‣ faible identité (image) ‣ traitement préférentiel (voies réservées...) ‣ capacités limitées ‣ applicable presque partout ‣ automatisation impossible SRB / BRT (Service rapide par bus) ‣ optimisation de la main d’œuvre difficile/impossible fréquente confusion ‣ catégorie B ‣ pollution, bruit ‣ véhicules à haute performance ‣ dimensions régies par des lois ‣ meilleure image ! ‣ capacités plus élevées ‣ traitement prioritaire marqué ! ‣ coûts d’implantation élevés ! ‣ pas applicable partout 6 CIV6707A Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Modes sur rue Modes sur rue Mercedes Sprinter Minivan et minibus Longueur Capacité Coût Masse Utilisations optimales assises/debout 50 000 $ • Transport adapté • Rabattement vers les modes + lourds 4 à 9 m 7 à 20 / 0 à 20 75 000 $ 4 à 6 t • Navettes + • Routes à faible / moyenne densités 7 CIV6707A | Cours 3 Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Modes sur rue Modes sur rue Midibus Longueur Capacité Coût Masse Utilisations optimales assises/debout 200 000 à • Rabattement vers les modes + lourds 7,5 à 10 m 20 à 40 / 20 à 40 10 à 20 t • Petites villes, banlieues 400 000 $ • Routes à faible / moyenne densité Eldorado EZ-Rider II Midibus MAN Mercedes Cito Prototype de midibus 8 CIV6707A | Cours 3 Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Modes sur rue Modes sur rue Bus régulier Longueur Capacité Coût Masse Utilisations optimales ! assises/debout 300 000 à • Le plus utilisé 10 à 15 m 25 à 60 / 30 à 80 • Villes de toutes tailles 700 000 $ 15 à 30 t ! (12 m) (25 à 50 / 30 à 60) • Routes à moyenne / haute densité et + • Rabattement vers les modes + lourds ! Caractéristiques ‣ durée de vie limitée (5 à 12 ans, jusqu’à 20 dans certains cas) ‣ produits en grande quantité (économies d’échelle) ‣ plusieurs options (moteur, transmission, design, aménagements intérieurs…) ! Hauteur du plancher Bus à plancher haut (GM Classic) ‣ Plancher haut ‣ Plancher bas Bus CNG à Singapour (moins d’espace à cause des roues et du moteur) ‣ Entrée basse 9 CIV6707A | Cours 3 Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Modes sur rue Modes sur rue Bus régulier Plusieurs exemples de véhicules (site du transporteur suisse CarPostal) : http://www.carpostal.ch/pag-startseite/pag-ueberuns/pag-portrait/pag-fahrzeugflotte/pag-fahrzeugflotte-fahrzeuge.htm CarPostal Mercedes Citaro (2 portes) CarPostal Setra 15 m Prototype Credo E-Bone CarPostal MAN Lion’s City (3 portes) Prototype Scania NovaBus LFS 10 CIV6707A | Cours 3 Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Modes sur rue Modes sur rue Bus régulier York FTR Design d’intérieur des autobus Assemblage modulable CO-BOLT (Hess) 11 CIV6707A | Cours 3 Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Modes sur rue Modes sur rue Bus articulé et bi-articulé Longueur Capacité Coût Masse Utilisations optimales total 500 000 à • Routes à haute densité 16 à 18 m Total 130 + 25 à 40 t 900 000 $ • Routes avec virages limités 22 à 24 m Total 190 + et + ? • Perception automatisée et + • SRB / BRT Longueuil VanHool AG300 STM NovaBus Artic Volvo BRT bi-articulé Hannover Mercedes Citaro CNG MAN articulé version longue CarPostal Mercedes Citaro 12 CIV6707A | Cours 3 Technologies des transports • Transport des personnes | Modes publics et privés • Modes sur rue Modes sur rue Nombre de voies d’accès : nombre de personnes pouvant entrer simultanément dans le véhicule Bus articulé Bus bi-articulé Caractéristiques, avantages et inconvénients Caractéristiques, avantages et inconvénients ‣ productivité de main d’œuvre ↑ ‣ productivité de main d’œuvre ↑↑ ‣ capacité ↑, véhicules plus spacieux ‣ capacité ↑↑ ‣ trajectoire de virage aussi bonne que bus ‣ trajectoire de virage plus large (sécurité et complexité) régulier, sinon meilleure ‣ espaces d’arrêt ↑↑ ‣ petite perte de confort à l’arrière ‣ manœuvres encore plus difficiles aux terminus, (amplifcation des mouvements du bus) pentes, etc. ‣ souvent, on doit les utiliser en hors pointe sur ‣ doivent garder le même ratio de voies d’accès les mêmes lignes, même si la demande ↓ (door channel) par passager que les bus réguliers ‣ un système de perception automatique est ‣ espaces d’arrêt ↑ essentiel ‣ manœuvres plus difficiles aux terminus, ‣ souvent utilisé avec les SRB / BRT pentes, etc. ‣ doivent garder le même ratio de voies d’accès (door channel) par passager que les bus Bus bi-articulé hybride à Hambourg réguliers ‣ un système de perception automatique à au moins une des portes arrières doit être inclus pour que son utilisation soit justifée (STM?) ‣ différents emplacements de moteurs 13
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