DOCSLIB.ORG

Natural Hazards and Resilience Natural Hazards and Resilience

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Natural Hazards and Resilience Natural Hazards and Resilience TR4 NATURAL HAZARDS AND RESILIENCE NATURAL HAZARDS AND RESILIENCE HAZARDS NATURAL Sensitivity: General Quality Assurance Prepared by WSP New Zealand Limited Revision History: Revision Author Reviewer Approved for Issue Name Signature Name Signature Date Issue 1 Brabhaharan, P Mason, D Brabhaharan, P 25 Sep 2020 Quality Information Document Title: Ngā Ūranga ki Pito-One Shared Path Project - Te Ara Tupua Natural Hazards and Resilience Version: Issue 1 Date: 25 September 2020 Prepared by: Brabhaharan, P Reviewed by: Mason, D Approved by: Brabhaharan, P File Name: V.04 - Natural Hazards and Resilience Report - Issue 1 - 25 Sep 2020 Disclaimer This report (‘Report’) has been prepared by WSP exclusively for the Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency (‘Client’) in relation to obtaining approvals (‘Purpose’) and in accordance with the agreement for professional services dated 7 October 2019 under the Independent Professional Advisors (IPA) contract No 17 – 286. The findings in this Report are based on and are subject to the assumptions specified in the Report. WSP accepts no liability whatsoever for any reliance on or use of this Report, in whole or in part, for any use or purpose other than the Purpose or any use or reliance on the Report by any third party. This report (‘Report’) has been prepared in support of the notices of requirement and applications for resource consent (‘Purpose’) for the Project made by Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency (‘Client’) under the COVID-19 Recovery (Fast-track Consenting) Act 2020 (COVID-19 Recovery Act). In particular, this report supports the assessment of the Project's effects on the environment as required by the COVID-19 Recovery Act. The requirements of the COVID-19 Recovery Act and an overall assessment of the effects of the Project on the environment are set out in the Assessment of Effects on the Environment. In preparing the Report, WSP has relied upon data, surveys, analyses, designs, plans and other information (‘Client Data’) provided by or on behalf of the Client. Except as otherwise stated in the Report, WSP has not verified the accuracy or completeness of the Client Data. To the extent that the statements, opinions, facts, information, conclusions and/or recommendations in this Report are based in whole or part on the Client Data, those conclusions are contingent upon the accuracy and completeness of the Client Data. WSP will not be liable in relation to incorrect conclusions or findings in the Report should any Client Data be incorrect or have been concealed, withheld, misrepresented or otherwise not fully disclosed to WSP. ©WSP New Zealand Limited 2020 ii Sensitivity: General Contents Disclaimers and Limitations .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Summary .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Qualifications and Experience ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 2 Project Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 3 Project Description ......................................................................................................................................................................................16 4 The Context .......................................................................................................................................................................................................18 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................18 4.2 Strategic transport network ..................................................................................................................................................18 4.3 Government policy statement ...........................................................................................................................................19 4.4 National resilience objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 20 4.5 Regional resilience objectives ............................................................................................................................................. 21 5 Resilience............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22 5.1 Definition.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 5.2 Resilience of transport networks ..................................................................................................................................... 22 5.3 Route resilience .............................................................................................................................................................................. 22 5.4 Resilience from Redundancy and Connectivity ................................................................................................. 24 6 Resilience Context ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 6.1 Importance of context.............................................................................................................................................................. 27 6.2 Natural hazards .............................................................................................................................................................................. 27 6.3 Characterisation of resilience impacts ....................................................................................................................... 27 6.4 Wellington region resilience context ...........................................................................................................................29 7 Natural Hazards ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 34 7.1 Hazards context ............................................................................................................................................................................. 34 7.2 Storms .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 7.3 Coastal erosion ............................................................................................................................................................................... 36 7.4 Landslides ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 37 7.5 Earthquakes....................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 7.6 Tsunami ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 49 7.7 Sea level rise ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 ©WSP New Zealand Limited 2020 iv Sensitivity: General 8 Shared Path ......................................................................................................................................................................................................53 8.1 Description .........................................................................................................................................................................................53 8.2 The Shared Path Bridge ..........................................................................................................................................................53 8.3 Shared path along harbour edge .................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 133 June 2014
    JUNE 2014 JOURNAL ISSUE # 133 PUBLISHED BY FEDERATION OF RAIL ORGANISATIONS NZ INC : P O BOX 140, DUNEDIN 9054 PLEASE SEND CONTRIBUTIONS TO EDITOR, SCOTT OSMOND, BY E-MAIL : [email protected] IN THIS Conference 2014 1 Members Classifieds 8 ISSUE FRONZ Awards 2014 2 David Webb Consultancy 8 From the Man Cave 4 NZDDA Training 9 News From Our Members 5 ABExplorer Tours 9 FRONZ Web Site 7 North Auckland Line Update 10 Tracksafe Foundation 7 Picture of the Month 11 UK Rail Accident Report 7 CONFERENCE 2014 I hope all of our 104 delegates, partners and visitors got something valuable out of conference. We are happy to hear feedback on anything good or bad that can help us make future conferences better. Firstly again we must thank our sponsors; NZ Transport Agency, Rail Heritage Trust, and Z Energy/Minitankers. Without sponsorship of conference the costs for delegates would be considerably higher. Also we need to thank Rob Riley, our coach driver, who allowed us to get a good price for the coach as he donated his time. The coach was well used for the travellers to and from Wellington and the local use around Wanganui. Our host group SteamRail Wanganui did a great job of making us welcome, and putting together interesting and useful delegate packs. Thanks to the team led by Blair Jordon, particularly Ray Deerness, who at the last minute agreed to guide a local tour that included many locations of both railway and tramway heritage around the city. Our guest speaker Chris Northover gave a very interesting presentation on the early days at Taieri Gorge Railway as it was ushered from a small volunteer organisation into a major professional tourist operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 7.8
    PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth RESEARCH ARTICLE Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 10.1002/2017JB015168 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand Key Points: Wenbin Xu1 , Guangcai Feng2, Lingsen Meng3 , Ailin Zhang3, Jean Paul Ampuero4 , • Complex coseismic ground 5 6 deformation can be explained by slip Roland Bürgmann , and Lihua Fang on six crustal fault segments 1 2 • Rupture process across multiple faults Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, School of 3 likely resulted from a triggering Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China, Department of Earth Planetary and Space cascade between crustal faults Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 4Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, • Rupture speed was overall slow, but Pasadena, CA, USA, 5Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 6Institute of locally faster along individual fault segments Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China Supporting Information: Abstract Large earthquakes often do not occur on a simple planar fault but involve rupture of multiple • Supporting Information S1 • Data Set S1 geometrically complex faults. The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, involved the rupture of • Data Set S2 at least 21 faults, propagating from southwest to northeast for about 180 km. Here we combine space • Data Set S3 geodesy and seismology techniques to study subsurface fault geometry, slip distribution, and the kinematics of the rupture. Our finite-fault slip model indicates that the fault motion changes from predominantly Correspondence to: W. Xu, G. Feng, and L. Meng, right-lateral slip near the epicenter to transpressional slip in the northeast with a maximum coseismic surface [email protected]; displacement of about 10 m near the intersection between the Kekerengu and Papatea faults.
    [Show full text]
  • Contest 2015 Title: “Slip Rate and Paleoseismicity of the Kekerengu Fault: an Anchor Point for Deformation Rates and Seismic H
    Contest 2015 Title: “Slip Rate and Paleoseismicity of the Kekerengu Fault: An anchor point for deformation rates and seismic hazard through central New Zealand” Leader: Timothy A. Little Organisation: Victoria University of Wellington Total funding (GST ex): $182,778 Title: Slip Rate and Paleoseismicity of the Kekerengu Fault: An anchor point for deformation rates and seismic hazard through central New Zealand Programme Leader: Timothy A. Little Affiliation: Victoria University of Wellington Co-P.I.: Russ Van Dissen (GNS Science) A.I.: Kevin Norton (VUW) Has this report been peer reviewed? Provide name and affiliation. Part of it: the paper by Little et al. was published in 2018 in the Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, which is a peer-reviewed international journal. Table of Contents: 1. Key Message for Media 2. Abstract 3. Introduction/ Background 4. Research Aim 1: Determining Kekerengu Fault Paleoseismic History 5. Research Aim 2: Determining the Late Quaternary Slip Rate of the Kekerengu Fault 6. Conclusions & Recommendations 7. Acknowledgments 8. References 9. Appendices Key Message for Media: [Why are these findings important? Plain language; 5 sentences.] Prior to this study, little scientific data existed about the rate of activity and earthquake hazard posed by the active Kekerengu Fault near the Marlborough coast in northeastern South Island. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that this fault carries most of the Pacific-Australia plate motion through central New Zealand, and is a major source of seismic hazard for NE South Island and adjacent regions straddling Cook Strait—something that had previously been encoded in the NZ National Seismic Hazard Model.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying the Incompleteness of New Zealand's Prehistoric
    Quantifying the incompleteness of New Zealand’s prehistoric earthquake record A. Nicol, R.J. Van Dissen, M.W. Stirling, M.C. Gerstenberger BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Nicol, A.; Van Dissen, R.J.; Stirling, M.W., Gerstenberger, M.C. 2017. Quantifying the incompleteness of New Zealand’s prehistoric earthquake record. EQC project 14/668 Final Report, 25 p. A. Nicol, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand R.J. Van Dissen, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand M.W. Stirling, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand M.C. Gerstenberger, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand EQC Project 14/668 Final Report 2 CONTENTS LAYMANS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... IV TECHNICAL ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... V KEYWORDS ......................................................................................................................... V 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 6 2.0 DATA SOURCES ....................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Historical Earthquakes .................................................................................................. 8 2.2 active fault earthquake source identification ............................................................... 10 3.0 PROBABILITY OF
    [Show full text]
  • 2001/02 Annual Plan Vol. I Submissions
    2001/02 Annual Plan Vol. I Submissions 16 1 Annual Plan Submissions Note: Those submitters identified in bold type have expressed a desire to be heard in support of their submissions. 1. Norm Morgan Acquisition of TranzMetro, Kick start funding, Water integration, effectiveness of submission process 2. Steve Ritchie Bus service for Robson Street and McManaway Grove , Stokes Valley 3. Nicola Harvey Acquisition of TranzMetro, Kick start funding, Water integration, Marine conservation project for Lyall Bay 4. Alan Waller Rates increases, upgrade to Petone Railway Station 5. John Davis Acquisition of TranzMetro, Water integration, MMP for local government, Emergency management 6. Wellington City Council Floodplain management funding policy 7. Kapiti Coast Grey Power Annual Plan presentation, acquisition of TranzMetro, Kick Assn Inc start funding, rates, operating expenditure, financial management, land management, Parks and Forests, Investment in democracy, 8. John Mcalister Acquisition of TranzMetro, Kick Start funding, Water integration, water supply in the Wairarapa 9. Hutt 2000 Limited Installation of security cameras in Bunny Street Lower 16 Hutt 10. Walk Wellington Inclusion of walking in Regional Land Transport Strategy 11. Hugh Barr Acquisition of TranzMetro, Kick Start funding, Water integration, public access to Water collection areas 2 12. Porirua City Council Bulk Water levy, Transparency of Transport rate, support for Friends of Maara Roa, environmental management and Biodiversity 13. Keep Otaki Beautiful Otaki Bus Shelter 14. Barney Scully Cobham Drive Waterfront/Foreshore 15. Upper Hutt City Council Acquisition of TranzMetro, Water Integration, Hutt River Floodplain Management 16. Wairarapa Green Acquisition of TransMetro, Rick start funding, Issues Network environmental education, rail services, biodiversity 17.
    [Show full text]
  • Variability in Single Event Slip and Recurrence Intervals for Large
    Variability of single event slip and recurrence intervals for large magnitude paleoearthquakes on New Zealand’s active faults A. Nicol R. Robinson R. J. Van Dissen A. Harvison GNS Science Report 2012/41 December 2012 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Nicol, A.; Robinson, R.; Van Dissen, R. J.; Harvison, A. 2012. Variability of single event slip and recurrence intervals for large magnitude paleoearthquakes on New Zealand’s active faults, GNS Science Report 2012/41. 57 p. A. Nicol, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand R. Robinson, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand R. J. Van Dissen, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand A. Harvison, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand © Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, 2012 ISSN 1177-2425 ISBN 978-1-972192-29-0 CONTENTS LAYMANS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... IV TECHNICAL ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... V KEYWORDS ......................................................................................................................... V 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 GEOLOGICAL EARTHQUAKES ................................................................................ 2 2.1 Data Sources ................................................................................................................. 2 2.2
    [Show full text]
  • Wellington Regional TRAILS for the FUTURE a Strategic Framework for Trails in the Wellington Region
    Wellington Regional TRAILS FOR THE FUTURE A strategic framework for trails in the Wellington Region September 2017 Acknowledgements The Wellington Regional Trails Framework has been prepared by TRC Tourism Ltd (www.trctourism.com) for the government authorities and trails partners of the Wellington Region. The assistance of the working group and all stakeholders who contributed is greatly appreciated. Authors: Janet Mackay, Chris Rose. Cover photo credit: Erica Herron ISBN: 978-0-947521-06-6 Disclaimer Any representation, statement, opinion or advice expressed or implied in this document is made in good faith, but on the basis that TRC Tourism is not liable to any person for any damage or loss whatsoever that has occurred or may occur in relation to that person taking or not taking action in respect of any representation, statement or advice referred to in this document. Wellington Regional TRAILS FOR THE FUTURE A strategic framework for trails in the Wellington Region ii Wellington Regional Trails for the Future Executive Summary Introduction The Wellington region sits on the southern end of New Zealand’s North Island and contains some outstanding trail-based experiences and the potential to significantly grow the use of outdoor trails. Many other destinations internationally are growing their trail-based tourism infrastructure, marketing, and cooperative efforts to capitalise on their region’s strengths in order to offer world class experiences. The Wellington region has the potential to be such a destination, adding to its already very successful positioning as a capital city with a great cultural scene based on Te Papa and other assets and events, and a thriving food, wine and craft beer scene.
    [Show full text]
  • Fault Zone Parameter Descriptions, GNS Science Report 2012/19
    BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Litchfield, N. J.1; Van Dissen, R.1; Sutherland, R.1; Barnes, P. M.2; Cox, S. C.1; Norris, R.3; Beavan, R.J.1; Langridge, R.1; Villamor, P.1; Berryman, K.1; Stirling, M.1; Nicol, A.1; Nodder, S.2; Lamarche, G.2; Barrell, D. J. A.1; 4 5 1 2 1 Pettinga, J. R. ; Little, T. ; Pondard, N. ; Mountjoy, J. ; Clark, K . 2013. A model of active faulting in New Zealand: fault zone parameter descriptions, GNS Science Report 2012/19. 120 p. 1 GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand 2 NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand 3 University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 4 University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand 5 Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand © Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, 2013 ISSN 1177-2425 ISBN 978-1-972192-01-6 CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... IX KEYWORDS ........................................................................................................................ IX 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 ACTIVE FAULT ZONE AND PARAMETER DEFINITIONS ...................................... 25 2.1 DEFINITION OF AN ACTIVE FAULT ZONE .............................................................25 2.1.1 Definition of active ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tsunami Hazard Posed by Earthquakes on the Hikurangi
    CONFIDENTIAL This report has been prepared by the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science) exclusively for and under contract to EQC Research Foundation. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, all liability of GNS Science to any other party other than EQC Research Foundation in respect of the report is expressly excluded. The data presented in this Report are available to GNS Science for other use from May 2008 Project Number: EQC Project 06/521 Confidential 2008 CONTENTS TECHNICAL ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................III LAYMAN’S ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................IV KEYWORDS ............................................................................................................................V 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................6 2.0 METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................................7 2.1 Deformation modelling .................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Tsunami modelling ........................................................................................................ 7 2.3 Limitations of modelling................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Run-up estimation ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Project to Understand Earthquake Risk in the Wellington Region
    A project to understand earthquake risk in the Wellington region Russ Van Dissen (on behalf of the It’s Our Fault Team) GeoPRISMS Planning Workshop for New Zealand, April 2013 www.gns.cri.nz/ItsOurFault It’s Our Fault – The Goal To see Wellington positioned to become a more resilient region through a comprehensive study of the likelihood of large Wellington earthquakes, the effects of these earthquakes, and their impacts on humans and the built environment NHRP It’s Our Fault – Major Sponsors A multi-year applied research project funded by New Zealand’s • Earthquake Commission • Accident Compensation Corporation • Wellington City Council • Greater Wellington Regional Council • Wellington Region Emergency Management Office • Natural Hazards Research Platform NHRP Some Accomplishments and Highlights over the last eight years NHRP Active fault mapping, slip rates, paleo- earthquakes & probability of rupture www.gns.cri.nz/ItsOurFault Active Fault Mapping (defining the geometry of deformation) (Pondardal.JGR) et Slip rate & paleo-earthquake sites Select It’s Our Fault study sites Wellington Fault Conditional Probability of Rupture (accounting for) • Elapsed time since most recent rupture Slightly younger than previously thought (~ 300 years ago) • Timing of older ruptures Slightly less frequent than previously thought (~ every 800-1000 years) • Single event displacement size Slightly larger than previously thought (~ 5 m per rupture) • Slip rate Slightly slower than previously thought (~ 6 mm/year) • Rupture statistics of the Wellington-Wairarapa fault pair in a synthetic earthquake catalogue derived from a physics-based numerical model Rupture of nearby Wairarapa Fault “unloads” Wellington Fault • Various recurrence-time models Exponential, Lognormal, Weibull, inverse Gaussian (Rhoades et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium
    The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium 150 years of thinking about magnitude 8+ earthquakes and seismic hazard in New Zealand 8–10 September 2005 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Proceedings Volume Compiled by John Townend, Rob Langridge, and Andrew Jones The papers collated in this volume have been reformatted, where necessary, from the authors’ originals, but have not otherwise been edited. The views expressed in these papers are those of the respective authors. The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium — Proceedings Volume Published by Greater Wellington Regional Council Greater Wellington Publication Number: GW/RINV-T-05/205 ISBN: 0-909016-87-9 September 2005 PREFACE John Townend, Organising Committee Chair Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington ([email protected]) The 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake and tsunami remind us of the brutal levels of destruction that a large earthquake can wreak. This symposium, held to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the 1855 Wairarapa earthquake, is intended to facilitate discussion between people working on different facets of the problem of understanding and anticipating earthquakes in New Zealand. During planning for this event, the invited speakers were asked to address one or more of four key themes: what happened then; what has happened since; what is happening now; and where should we focus future efforts? As the abstracts in this volume attest, the significance of the 1855 Wairarapa earthquake lies not simply in the dramatic scale of its immediate geological and social effects, but in the much longer-term, ongoing influence it has exerted on research and practice in New Zealand science, engineering, and civil defence and emergency management planning.
    [Show full text]
  • 3671-The Neotectonics of the Ruahine and Mohaka Faults, Between The
    S&G 3671 FINAL PROGRESS REPORT Submitted to EARTHQUAKE AND WAR DAMAGE COMMISSION on the project 'THE NEOTECTONICS OF THE RUAHINE AND MOHAKA FAULTS, BETWEEN THE MANAWATU GORGE AND PUKETITIRI' December 1995 Principal Investigators Associate Professor V E Neall and Ms J A Hanson Department of Soil Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North -- 0.-------------------1.. ABSTRACT New Zealand lies across the active IndoAustralian-Pacific plate boundary. Volcanic activity and earthquakes are a direct result of interaction between these two plates. The Wellington and Ruahine Faults are major strike-slip faults that have formed due to this interaction. These faults move sideways in a horizontal motion so that the area west of, and including the Central Ranges is moving northward while the East Coast of the southern North Island is moving southward. If earthquake activity is averaged out on a yearly basis, these two sections of the North Island move past each other at a rate of 5 to 7 mm (for the Wellington area) and up to 15 mm per year for the Dannevirke area. These rates of motion are high by world standards. The purpose of this study was to establish a record of past earthquake events which would allow future estimates of fault behaviour to be made in the region between the Manawatu Gorge and the Napier-Taupo highway. Trenches have been excavated through these faults in mainly swampy environments. Within these trenches are layers of earthquake debris, deformation and layers of peat. The layers of peat have been radiocarbon dated to give the approximate ages of the underlying and overlying earthquake debris.
    [Show full text]