Contest 2015 Title: “Slip Rate and Paleoseismicity of the Kekerengu Fault: an Anchor Point for Deformation Rates and Seismic H
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Geology of the Wairarapa Area
GEOLOGY OF THE WAIRARAPA AREA J. M. LEE J.G.BEGG (COMPILERS) New International NewZOaland Age International New Zealand 248 (Ma) .............. 8~:~~~~~~~~ 16 il~ M.- L. Pleistocene !~ Castlecliffian We £§ Sellnuntian .~ Ozhulflanl Makarewan YOm 1.8 100 Wuehlaplngien i ~ Gelaslan Cl Nukumaruan Wn ~ ;g '"~ l!! ~~ Mangapanlan Ql -' TatarianiMidian Ql Piacenzlan ~ ~;: ~ u Wai i ian 200 Ian w 3.6 ,g~ J: Kazanlan a.~ Zanetaan Opoitian Wo c:: 300 '"E Braxtonisn .!!! .~ YAb 256 5.3 E Kunaurian Messinian Kapitean Tk Ql ~ Mangapirian YAm 400 a. Arlinskian :;; ~ l!!'" 500 Sakmarian ~ Tortonisn ,!!! Tongaporutuan Tt w'" pre-Telfordian Ypt ~ Asselian 600 '" 290 11.2 ~ 700 'lii Serravallian Waiauan 5w Ql ." i'l () c:: ~ 600 J!l - fl~ '§ ~ 0'" 0 0 ~~ !II Lillburnian 51 N 900 Langhian 0 ~ Clifdenian 5e 16.4 ca '1000 1 323 !II Z'E e'" W~ A1tonian PI oS! ~ Burdigalian i '2 F () 0- w'" '" Dtaian Po ~ OS Waitakian Lw U 23.8 UI nlan ~S § "t: ." Duntroonian Ld '" Chattian ~ W'" 28.5 P .Sll~ -''" Whalngaroan Lwh O~ Rupelian 33.7 Late Priabonian ." AC 37.0 n n 0 I ~~ ~ Bortonian Ab g; Lutetisn Paranaen Do W Heretauncan Oh 49.0 354 ~ Mangaorapan Om i Ypreslan .;;: w WalD8wsn Ow ~ JU 54.8 ~ Thanetlan § 370 t-- §~ 0'" ~ Selandian laurien Dt ." 61.0 ;g JM ~"t: c:::::;; a.os'"w Danian 391 () os t-- 65.0 '2 Maastrichtian 0 - Emslsn Jzl 0 a; -m Haumurian Mh :::;; N 0 t-- Campanian ~ Santonian 0 Pragian Jpr ~ Piripauan Mp W w'" -' t-- Coniacian 1ij Teratan Rt ...J Lochovlan Jlo Turonian Mannaotanean Rm <C !II j Arowhanan Ra 417 0- Cenomanian '" Ngaterian Cn Prldoli -
The 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 482 (2018) 44–51 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl The 2016 Kaikoura¯ earthquake: Simultaneous rupture of the subduction interface and overlying faults ∗ Teng Wang a, Shengji Wei a,b, , Xuhua Shi a, Qiang Qiu c, Linlin Li a, Dongju Peng a, Ray J. Weldon a,d, Sylvain Barbot a,b a Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore b Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore c School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, United Kingdom d Department of Geological Science, University of Oregon, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The distribution of slip during an earthquake and how it propagates among faults in the subduction Received 2 August 2017 system play a major role in seismic and tsunami hazards, yet they are poorly understood because Received in revised form 22 October 2017 offshore observations are often lacking. Here we derive the slip distribution and rupture evolution during Accepted 26 October 2017 the 2016 Mw 7.9 Kaikoura¯ (New Zealand) earthquake that reconcile the surface rupture, space geodetic Available online xxxx measurements, seismological and tsunami waveform records. We use twelve fault segments, with eleven Editor: P. Shearer in the crust and one on the megathrust interface, to model the geodetic data and match the major Keywords: features of the complex surface ruptures. Our modeling result indicates that a large portion of the finite rupture model moment is distributed on the subduction interface, making a significant contribution to the far field strong motion surface deformation and teleseismic body waves. -
Geophysical Structure of the Southern Alps Orogen, South Island, New Zealand
Regional Geophysics chapter 15/04/2007 1 GEOPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN ALPS OROGEN, SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND. F J Davey1, D Eberhart-Phillips2, M D Kohler3, S Bannister1, G Caldwell1, S Henrys1, M Scherwath4, T Stern5, and H van Avendonk6 1GNS Science, Gracefield, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, [email protected] 2GNS Science, Dunedin, New Zealand 3Center for Embedded Networked Sensing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA 4Leibniz-Institute of Marine Sciences, IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany 5School of Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand 6Institute of Geophysics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA ABSTRACT The central part of the South Island of New Zealand is a product of the transpressive continental collision of the Pacific and Australian plates during the past 5 million years, prior to which the plate boundary was largely transcurrent for over 10 My. Subduction occurs at the north (west dipping) and south (east dipping) of South Island. The deformation is largely accommodated by the ramping up of the Pacific plate over the Australian plate and near-symmetric mantle shortening. The initial asymmetric crustal deformation may be the result of an initial difference in lithospheric strength or an inherited suture resulting from earlier plate motions. Delamination of the Pacific plate occurs resulting in the uplift and exposure of mid- crustal rocks at the plate boundary fault (Alpine fault) to form a foreland mountain chain. In addition, an asymmetric crustal root (additional 8 - 17 km) is formed, with an underlying mantle downwarp. The crustal root, which thickens southwards, comprises the delaminated lower crust and a thickened overlying middle crust. -
Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 7.8
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth RESEARCH ARTICLE Transpressional Rupture Cascade of the 2016 Mw 10.1002/2017JB015168 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand Key Points: Wenbin Xu1 , Guangcai Feng2, Lingsen Meng3 , Ailin Zhang3, Jean Paul Ampuero4 , • Complex coseismic ground 5 6 deformation can be explained by slip Roland Bürgmann , and Lihua Fang on six crustal fault segments 1 2 • Rupture process across multiple faults Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, School of 3 likely resulted from a triggering Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China, Department of Earth Planetary and Space cascade between crustal faults Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 4Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, • Rupture speed was overall slow, but Pasadena, CA, USA, 5Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 6Institute of locally faster along individual fault segments Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China Supporting Information: Abstract Large earthquakes often do not occur on a simple planar fault but involve rupture of multiple • Supporting Information S1 • Data Set S1 geometrically complex faults. The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, involved the rupture of • Data Set S2 at least 21 faults, propagating from southwest to northeast for about 180 km. Here we combine space • Data Set S3 geodesy and seismology techniques to study subsurface fault geometry, slip distribution, and the kinematics of the rupture. Our finite-fault slip model indicates that the fault motion changes from predominantly Correspondence to: W. Xu, G. Feng, and L. Meng, right-lateral slip near the epicenter to transpressional slip in the northeast with a maximum coseismic surface [email protected]; displacement of about 10 m near the intersection between the Kekerengu and Papatea faults. -
Late Quaternary Faulting in the Kaikoura Region, Southeastern Marlborough, New Zealand
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Russell J. Van Dissen for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on February 15, 1989. Title: Late Quaternary Faulting in the Kaikoura Region, Southeastern Marlborough, New Zealand Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: Dr. Robert 8.0eats Active faults in the Kaikoura region include the Hope, Kekerengu, and Fidget Faults, and the newly discovered Jordan Thrust, Fyffe, and Kowhai Faults. Ages of faulted alluvial terraces along the Hope Fault and the Jordan Thrust were estimated using radiocarbon-calibrated weathering-rind measurements on graywacke clasts. Within the study area, the Hope Fault is divided, from west to east, into the Kahutara, Mt. Fyffe, and Seaward segments. The Kahutara segment has a relatively constant Holocene right-lateral slip rate of 20-32 mm/yr, and an earthquake recurrence interval of 86 to 600 yrs: based on single-event displacements of 3 to 12 m. The western portion of the Mt. Fyffe segment has a minimum Holocene lateral slip rate of 16 + 5 mm/yr .(southeast side up); the eastern portion has horizontal and vertical slip rates of 4.8+ 2.7 mm/yr and 1.7 + 0.2 mm/yr, respectively (northwest side up). There is no dated evidence for late Quaternary movementon the Seaward segment, and its topographic expression is much more subdued than that of the two western segments. The Jordan Thrust extends northeast from the Hope Fault, west of the Seaward segment. The thrust has horizontal and vertical slip rates of 2.2 + 1.3 mm/yr and 2.1 + 0.5 mm/yr, respectively (northwest side up), and a maximum recurrence interval of 1200 yrs: based on 3 events within the last 3.5 ka. -
Quantifying the Incompleteness of New Zealand's Prehistoric
Quantifying the incompleteness of New Zealand’s prehistoric earthquake record A. Nicol, R.J. Van Dissen, M.W. Stirling, M.C. Gerstenberger BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Nicol, A.; Van Dissen, R.J.; Stirling, M.W., Gerstenberger, M.C. 2017. Quantifying the incompleteness of New Zealand’s prehistoric earthquake record. EQC project 14/668 Final Report, 25 p. A. Nicol, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand R.J. Van Dissen, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand M.W. Stirling, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand M.C. Gerstenberger, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand EQC Project 14/668 Final Report 2 CONTENTS LAYMANS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... IV TECHNICAL ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... V KEYWORDS ......................................................................................................................... V 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 6 2.0 DATA SOURCES ....................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Historical Earthquakes .................................................................................................. 8 2.2 active fault earthquake source identification ............................................................... 10 3.0 PROBABILITY OF -
Variability in Single Event Slip and Recurrence Intervals for Large
Variability of single event slip and recurrence intervals for large magnitude paleoearthquakes on New Zealand’s active faults A. Nicol R. Robinson R. J. Van Dissen A. Harvison GNS Science Report 2012/41 December 2012 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Nicol, A.; Robinson, R.; Van Dissen, R. J.; Harvison, A. 2012. Variability of single event slip and recurrence intervals for large magnitude paleoearthquakes on New Zealand’s active faults, GNS Science Report 2012/41. 57 p. A. Nicol, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand R. Robinson, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand R. J. Van Dissen, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand A. Harvison, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand © Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, 2012 ISSN 1177-2425 ISBN 978-1-972192-29-0 CONTENTS LAYMANS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... IV TECHNICAL ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... V KEYWORDS ......................................................................................................................... V 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 GEOLOGICAL EARTHQUAKES ................................................................................ 2 2.1 Data Sources ................................................................................................................. 2 2.2 -
Archaeology of the Wellington Conservancy: Wairarapa
Archaeology of the Wellington Conservancy: Wairarapa A study in tectonic archaeology Archaeology of the Wellington Conservancy: Wairarapa A study in tectonic archaeology Bruce McFadgen Published by Department of Conservation P.O. Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand To the memory of Len Bruce, 1920–1999, A tireless fieldworker and a valued critic. Cover photograph shows a view looking north along the Wairarapa coastline at Te Awaiti. (Photograph by Lloyd Homer, © Insititute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences.) This report was prepared for publication by DOC Science Publishing, Science & Research Unit; editing by Helen O’Leary and layout by Ruth Munro. Publication was approved by the Manager, Science & Research Unit, Science Technology and Information Services, Department of Conservation, Wellington. All DOC Science publications are listed in the catalogue which can be found on the departmental website http://www.doc.govt.nz © May 2003, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISBN 0–478–22401–X National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication Data McFadgen, B. G. Archaeology of the Wellington Conservancy : Wairarapa : a study in tectonic archaeology / Bruce McFadgen. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-478-22401-X 1. Archaeological surveying—New Zealand—Wairarapa. 2. Maori (New Zealand people)—New Zealand—Wairarapa— Antiquities. 3. Wairarapa (N.Z.)—Antiquities. I. New Zealand. Dept. of Conservation. II. Title. 993.6601—dc 21 ii Contents Abstract 1 1. Introduction 3 2. Geology and geomorphology 6 3. Sources of information 8 4. Correlation and dating 9 5. Off-site stratigraphy in the coastal environment 11 5.1 Sand dunes 12 5.2 Stream alluvium and colluvial fan deposits 13 5.3 Uplifted shorelines 14 5.4 Tsunami deposits 15 5.5 Coastal lagoon deposits 15 5.6 Correlation of off-site stratigraphy and adopted ages for events 16 6. -
Paleoseismology of the 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) Earthquake Source, Greendale Fault, New Zealand
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Hornblow, S.; Nicol, A.; Quigley, M.; Van Dissen, R. J. 2014. Paleoseismology of the 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake source, Greendale Fault, New Zealand, GNS Science Report 2014/26. 27 p. S. Hornblow, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand A. Nicol, GNS Science, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand M. Quigley, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand R. J. Van Dissen, GNS Science, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand © Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, 2014 ISSN 1177-2425 (Print) ISSN 2350-3424 (Online) ISBN 978-1-927278-50-5 CONTENTS LAYMAN’S ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... III TECHNICAL ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... IV KEYWORDS ........................................................................................................................ IV 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 TECTONIC, GEOLOGIC AND GEOMORPHIC SETTING .......................................... 4 3.0 GEOMETRY AND SLIP OF THE DARFIELD EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE ................. 6 4.0 FAULT TRENCHING .................................................................................................. 7 4.1 HIGHFIELD ROAD .............................................................................................. -
Highly Variable Latest Pleistocene-Holocene Incremental
This is a repository copy of Highly variable latest Pleistocene-Holocene incremental slip rates on the Awatere fault at Saxton River, South Island, New Zealand, revealed by lidar mapping and luminescence dating. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/124358/ Version: Published Version Article: Zinke, R. orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-3137, Dolan, J.F. orcid.org/0000-0002-6799-5781, Rhodes, E.J. orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-8637 et al. (2 more authors) (2017) Highly variable latest Pleistocene-Holocene incremental slip rates on the Awatere fault at Saxton River, South Island, New Zealand, revealed by lidar mapping and luminescence dating. Geophysical Research Letters. ISSN 0094-8276 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075048 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. -
Marlborough Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan
Marlborough Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan 2018-2023 Seddon Marlborough Civil Defence Emergency Management Group Improving the resilience of the District to all foreseeable emergency events through the active engagement of communities and the effective integration of support agencies. Contents Glossary of Terms ...................................................................................................1 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................4 1.1 Setting the Scene......................................................................................................... 4 1.2 The Marlborough Context ............................................................................................ 5 1.3 National Context .......................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Marlborough CDEM Vision and Goals ....................................................................... 10 2. Marlborough’s Risk Profile ........................................................................ 11 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Detailed Risk Analysis ............................................................................................... 12 2.3 Marlborough CDEM Group Environment ................................................................... 18 3. Reducing Marlborough’s Hazard Risks ................................................... -
Paleoseismology and Slip Rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault at Greenburn Stream, South Island, New Zealand
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 46, N. 5, October 2003 Paleoseismology and slip rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault at Greenburn Stream, South Island, New Zealand Robert Langridge (1), Jocelyn Campbell (2), Nigel Hill (1), Verne Pere (2), James Pope (2), Jarg Pettinga (2), Beatriz Estrada (2) and Kelvin Berryman (1) (1) Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand (2) Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract The Conway Segment of the dextral-slip Hope Fault is one of the fastest slipping fault segments along New Zealand’s plate boundary, but has not ruptured co-seismically in the historic period and little paleoseismic data exist to constrain its large earthquake record. Two paleoseismic trenches were opened adjacent to Greenburn Stream near Kaikoura for the 2001 ILP Paleoseismology Conference. Both trenches were excavated into deposits ponded against an uphill-facing shut- ter scarp. Trench 1, dug through a cobbly soil and surface deposit was dominated by a thick fan/fluvial sequence that was radiocarbon dated at 4409 ± 60 C14 years BP (4844-5288 cal years BP) at the base of the trench. This trench exhibited evidence of complex deformation from many paleoseismic events. The most recent earthquakes are difficult to constrain due to a lack of cover stratigraphy on the fan deposits. However, the modern soil appears to be faulted and is covered by cobbles with a weathering rind-derived age of 220 ± 60 years. Trench 2, dug ¾ 50 m to the west has an expanded sequence of the younger cover deposits.