Soil Evaluation in Spatial Planning
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Technique of Urban Soil Evaluation in City Regions – Implementation in Planning Procedures Soil Evaluation in Spatial Planning A contribution to sustainable spatial development Results of the EU-Interreg IIIB Alpine Space Project TUSEC-IP Soil Evaluation in Spatial Planning A contribution to sustainable spatial development Results of the EU-Interreg IIIB Alpine Space Project TUSEC-IP Contents Technique of Urban Soil Evaluation in City Regions Introduction – Implementation in Planning Procedures Soil Protection in City Regions 4 The Interreg IIIB Alpine Space Project TUSEC-IP 6 Imprint Project results Publisher Legislative Context 8 Lead partner of TUSEC-IP: City of Munich, Department of Requirements for Soil Evaluation 10 Health and Environment, Germany Soil Evaluation Procedures Order State Environment Agency of the Autonoumus Province of • Soil Evaluation Procedure TUSEC 12 Bolzano - South Tyrol, Italy • UNITO Soil Evaluation Method 14 Realisation Collecting and Evaluating Soil Data European Land and Soil Alliance ELSA e.V. • Data Tool 16 European Secretariat, Osnabrück, Germany •Area Description 18 Editorial team Reto D. Jenny, ELSA e.V. (responsible), Sent, Switzerland •ILSE Information System 20 Clemens Geitner, University of Innsbruck, Austria Strategies and Measures 22 Werner Gruban, City of Munich, Germany Information and Publicity 24 Markus Tusch, blue! advancing european projects, Freising, Germany Translation Project partners Test examples Simone Unger, dito Sprachenservice, Specialist Translations City of Munich 26 No. 1 Munich, Schittgablerstraße 27 and Technical writing, Osnabrück, Germany Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol 28 No. 2 Area of Brunico 29 Articles and pictures Federal Environment Agency 30 No. 3 Ottensheim, Campestrinigründe 31 The texts and illustrations were provided by the individual project partners and working groups. Contributors are Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck 32 No. 4 Wörgl (Tyrol), Commercial Park West33 considered to be all the persons involved in the TUSEC-IP City of Linz 34 No. 5 Linz, Grünzug Bergern 35 project who have been named in the articles in this brochure. Municipality of Reutlingen 36 No. 6 Reutlingen-Sickenhausen, "Hau" 37 Print University of Hohenheim 38 The Soil Evaluation Procedure 39 Karo Druck KG/Sas, Frangart, Italy University of Torino 40 No. 7 Grugliasco, incinerator area 41 Munich and Bolzano, June 2006 Municipality of Maribor 42 No. 8 Maribor, "EUROPAN" area 43 This issue is available in English, German, Italian and Slovenian, also as download document in: www.tusec-ip.org TUSEC-IP Project Coordination Asso- 44 No. 9a Zurich, former flower nursery 45 ciation of Switzerland (Zurich, Chur) No. 9b Chur, munitions site Rossboden 45 Index Addresses of the Project Partners 46 Bibliography 47 2 Foreword Foreword "Sustainable urban development aims to pre- Soil evaluation as an instrument for spatial planning promotes sustainable spatial and settlement serve and improve the quality of life in our cities. development. It serves to protect soil as a resource and contributes to sustaining and improving the Preventive soil protection is a key element of quality of the environment. Soil evaluation is particularly significant in ecologically sensitive areas already sustainable urban development. This is why subject to heavy use where there is great on-going demand for building and development land. Such preventive soil protection must be reinforced in areas include the urban agglomerations and city regions within and on the edges of the Alps. municipal activities in general, but in spatial planning in particular." The aim of soil evaluation is to steer development to ecologically compatible sites which make spatial (TUSEC-IP guiding principle, 2002) planning sense from the point of view of soil protection, and to promote urban planning concepts which protect the soil. This will help to achieve broad acceptance of the planning procedures and greater planning certainty. From the point of view of spatial planning, this entails evaluation of soil quality with the natural properties, functions and capabilities of the existing soils in a way which allows the results to make a contribution to the planning process and be put to practical use. One key challenge will be to transfer the soil evaluation of natural soil functions into planning evaluation of the suitability for use. Development of applied soil evaluation depends on close cooperation between soil experts and planners. The TUSEC-IP project aims to promote active cooperation between soil protection and spatial planners on an international scale. The aim is to illustrate that the problems of land consumption and soil pollution in cities and municipalities can only be solved by a joint effort. Soil evaluation can be a central instrument for preventive soil protection if it is coordinated to soil protection concerns in spatial planning. Evaluation of soil functions and capabilities allow to visualise the value of soil in the urban natural balance and in a social context, illustrating that soils in city regions are more than just a surface and a site for building use. As an instrument for preventive soil protection, soil evaluation should set new priorities for sustainable development of the habitat subject to the greatest human use. At the end of the three-year project period, this brochure offers brief two-page articles presenting the results obtained by the project partners and the individual working groups. These are not only self- contained individual articles provided by the project teams but modules from individual work packages which are used to collate the results of the individual parts of the project into a transnational overall result. 3 Introduction Soil Protection in City Regions Soil quality, urban environment and ideal concepts The development of protection measures should A third way of looking at soil protection would be to Many of these purposes result not only in soil distinguish between whether there is a primary name key concepts. Even if soils are not directly degeneration, but also in extensive soil destruction, interest in the soil functions, or in preserving a visible, they have a great effect on the other elements caused by soil excavation with total erosion. Today it soil structure with certain morphological of a landscape and are associated with these other is the cities which see the greatest erosion rates. Soil characteristics and origin, or whether soil is elements. destruction also consists of sealing the soils, considered in the overall context with certain The ideal concept of local identity which causes the although sealing does not necessarily have to imply ideal concepts. peculiarities of many places and their landscapes is the total destruction of soil functions. based on the features of the local soils. Concepts make it easier to gear soil protection to the In the city context, soils get a new environment, Notions of protection are anthropocentric. This also locally highly differing qualities of soil rather than i.e. in some cases they develop under other applies to soil protection. That also means that it is a mere aspects of soil functionalities. Concepts can be environmental conditions than in the open country. primary aim to protect man and his quality of life. developed for many objectives. They are not limited Features of this environment include construction As far as implementing soil protection is concerned, to evaluating a few soil properties as is the case with work, substrates forming soil from relocated soils, on the one hand, quality targets for soils have been soil functions. They are therefore an instrument for from exposed rock or a large number of substrates developed. They should safeguard soil functions. combining soil concerns with other matters and from technogenic materials, such as building rubble, On the other hand, various forms of soil degeneration offering joint protection. ash, slag, waste products, slurry, other infiltrated have been described which restrict and diminish the substances from various emission sources, dust functions. When it comes to quality objectives for city soils, infiltrating and settling on the soil (photo 1-4), first it is important to look at the capabilities expected pollution and compaction from heavy machines The anthropocentric approach contrasts with the of city soils, i.e. what is soil needed for in the city (photo 5, 6), but also segmenting of water catchment protection of soil itself and soil in the landscape context? Soil is used for highly varied purposes, as areas through urban drainage and sealing, and also and as part of the landscape. illustrated by the following examples: as a result of care and maintenance measures which This has nothing to do with the concept of soil prevent soil development through weathering and • Housing, traffic, commerce, industry, administration functions to preserve the way a soil works, but looks dust infiltration. •Green spaces at the protection of the individual morphological • Health care, prevention of pollution, fine dust, structure of every soil and the local environment in overheating which a soil has been developed. This also includes • Supply and disposal local capabilities of soils. •Climate buffer, CO2 reduction • Recreation, games and sport •Drainage, water seepage, water recovery • Nutrition, allotments • Public safety, emergency measures, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Burghardt, Applied Pedology, Bio- and communication Geosciences, University of Duisburg-Essen (Germany).