The Poetry of Paul Celan and Seamus Heaney and the Poetic
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Coyle, Derek (2002) 'Out to an other side':the poetry of Paul Celan and Seamus Heaney and the poetic challenge to post-modern discussions of absence and presence in the context of theological and philosophical conceptions of language and artistic production. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1765/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Thesis: "Out to an Other Sideý- The poetry of Paul Celan and Seamus Heaney and the poetic, challenge to post-modem discussions of absence and presence in the context of theological and philosophical conceptions of language and artistic production Derek CoYle For the Ph. D Degree University of Glasgow Faculty of Divinity July 2002 Abstract Martin Heideggerin 'The Origin of the Work of Art' seeksto approachthe self- subsistentnature of art. The Greek Temple opensup a spacewithin which our Being may dwell. It is the site of human civilization and religion, and of our capacityto dwell within abstractionslike peace,justice, truth and representation.Art breaksopen a new place and presentsthings in a fresh light. Languageis the primary model for this activity. Paul Celan in his poetry offers a challengeto Heideggerianabstraction. Both poetand philosopher were intimately familiar with eachother's work, yet thereis no essayon Celan,or evena reference,in the entireHeideggerian corpus. Celan's poem 'The Straitening'conveys the breakdownof meaningthat hasoccurred after the holocaust.In form andcontent it challengesany Heideggerian notion of the higher univocityachieved by greatpoetry. We will explorerecent examples of how poetshave examined the ideaof culturalbelonging and exclusion. We presenta distillation of this ideain the writingsof PaulCelan, particularly his presentationof the momentof 'Shibboleth'.We explorethe biblical origin of the term 'Shibboleth'in a conflict betweenthe armyof Jephtahand the Ephraimites.We look at a contemporarypoem with shibboleth'as its theme,Seamus Heaney's'Broagh. A consistenttheme of Maurice Blanchot's critical reflection from The Work of Fire in 1949 up to and including YheSpace ofLiterature in 1955, is the mannerin which our being creaturesunto death allows us to createart, and to think and write in the abstractionthat is language.Life enduresdeath and maintains itself in it. For BlanchotRainer Maria Rilke is oneof the mostsignificant modem poets in the way in which he haspresented and explored this theme.We challengeBlanchot's inadequate readingof Rilke in TheSpace ofLiteature asan instanceof his own pre-conceived philosophicalnihilism. We presentJacques Derrida's essay On theName, along with a readingof SeamusHeaney's poetry in the light of this essay,as an attemptto keepopen a modem philosophicalhorizon to the invitationof the transcendentalOther. We present ImmanuelLevinas' thought in Totalityand Infinity, aswell asDerrida's critique of Levinas in Writing and Difference, as an attempt to preservea post-modem, intellectually credible, metaphysicalexpression f6r thought. Acknowledgments The first personI am deeplygrateful to for bringingthis thesisinto the world, with his vastmidwifery experiencein all thingsacademic, is my supervisorthe Rev. Prof David Jasper.Thank you David for your insightful thoughts,for being a paragon of patienceand for possessingsuch a well read mind. Many thanks for guiding me throughall stagesof the Ph.D process.In your capacityas founder of the Centrefor the Study of Literature, Theology and the Arts at the University of Glasgow,I thank you for your vision and persistencein running a creative, progressiveand satisfying intellectual environment.My best wishes to your lovely wife Alison and all the lamily. conveyalso my appreciationto otherCentre personnel: to Dr. Kiyoshi Tsuchiyafor the manyprovocative and heated seminar papers that kept us arguingfor threeyears, to the Rev.Prof GeorgeNewlands for so ably takingcontrol of the helm andto all the variousPh. D andNLTh. students who passedthrough the Centrein my time there,along with all othervisiting lecturersand researchers. A particularthank you to Dr. David Klemm from the Universityof Iowa for his term asa visiting researcher.Words fail to expressmy gratitudeto you for your morethan generous hospitalityin Iowa in my time there. In particulara big expressionof gratitudeto fellow studentsover the years: RaphaelSys, Thorsten Leisser, Trygve Stabrun, Nick Thompson.To the staff in the office who enduredmuch blarney: Margaret, Jean, Marion andMarie. To all the staff of the GFF,truly oneof the highlightsof my stayin bonnieAlba, andwho also happenedto keepme financially andgood humouredly afloat in my lastyear there. Specialthanks and buckets of creativityto that great,neglected poet of Dundee,my goodfriend Pete Faulkner, his lovely wife Ruth andall their beautifulchildren, especiallyCaitlin. To SuzanneScott and all poetseverywhere. An especialthank you to old friendsin Ireland:Aoife Kerriganfor beingsuch an aceproof-reader and great pal. A great big thanks to Paul Nestor, friend and confidante for many years:that was a great trip to the Highlands wasn't it? To Helena Donnelly and Deirdre McCabe for that last minutevisit. To CarolineGavin and Brian Higgins.To PadraigKenny and Caroline: get that stageplay written boy! And last but by no meansleast, thank you to that most wonderful of women Dorothy Kenny. A big hug and kiss to all my wonderful fellow LGBT friends at the University of Glasgowwho, what canI say?kept me sanefor so long andso well, with whomI boogiedand occasionally cried, shared so muchwith, to friendshiplifelong anddeep: Dan andSharon, thanks for that unforgettablethirtieth birthdayparty, now whatam I to do at forty?,especially that GreekApollo amongstApollos Menelas Siafakas, to Brian Matthews,David Hay,David Grant,Graham Ramsey, Kenny Duffus, Sean Nye, Laura Howell and Maggie Currie, Ruth and Jo, Bob Softley, Pam and Jo, Andrew Kane, and lain Bull. Salutations:to Craig I and 11,to Nick, to Kiel, Paul Brown, Ian, RossFeilen, StephenKeltie, Sarah,Ray and John, Lindsey and Abe. For the many great late Thursday nights at Karen Dunbar's karaokenight in SadieFrost's underQueen Street Station and into the weehours at Bennett's,Glasgow's trashiest club. And the manySaturday nights begun in Delmonica'sand well andtruly concludedin that mosttasteful of venuesThe Polo Lounge.Thanks to DonaldReid. I acknowledgethe creativeverve of StuartHammond and all at the PoetryWorkshop in the LGBT Centre on Dixon Street. Thanksto all the baristasof the coffeeshops of the WestEnd. Especially the staff in Costason GreatWestern Road, and one of my favourites,the onewith the motorbike in the window,on ByresRoad, and whose name I cannotremember right now! Ah, I rememberit now, Tinderbox. A special thanks to Prof Brian Cosgroveat the Departmentof English, NationalUniversity of Ireland,Maynooth for his closeand thorough reading of this thesis. And finally a big thank you to all my family, to Dad and Mum, to Anthony, Alan, Roisin and Liam. I bet you're glad this is over, finally! for my Father and Mother Contents ThesisTitle Acknowledgments Dedication Contents Introduction: Unemployed and Homeless: Theology in a Post-Modern Space,p. 1- 18 ChapterOne: On the Path to Post-Modernity: Clearances and Presences,a Poetic Challenge to Martin Heidggerls 'The Origin of the Work of Art', p. 19 - 70 ChapterTwo Remembering the Word after the Shoah in the poemsof Paul Celan: A Challenge to Heidegger, p. 71 - 116 ChapterThree Through the Eye of the Shoah: The Shibboleth in Paul Celan and Seamus Heaney, p. 117 - 172 ChapterFour 'Out to an other side' -.Poetry as a Way to the Transcendental Other, p. 173 - 207 ChapterFive Un-Solid Foundations: The Aporetic, Philosophical Faith and the Plight of Metaphysicstoday, p. 208- 271 Conclusion The State of Play: SomeUseful Tips from Hans-Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur, with illustrations from SeamusHeaney and Michael Longley, p. 272 - 297 Bibliography Introduction: Unemployed and Homeless, Theology in a Post-Modem Space Rhere doesthoughtfind itself today? Is it too big a questionto ask:where in termsof intellectualenterprise does humanity standtoday? How do we understandourselves, the world we live in, the shapeof human destiny, the purposeof existence?What answersto thesequestions are givenin the currentsociological and political matrix; how arethese questions answeredin the universities,in schoolsaround the world, on televisionand radio? Doestheology or religion play a role todayin addressingthese questions? To beginto addresssome of thesequestions we will commencewith contemporaryacademic philosopherSimon Critchley, geographer David Harveyand finally theologianJean- Luc Marion. In a recentpublication Simon Critchley states the problemof post-modernity quitebluntly: 'the task ofphilosophicalmodernity, at leastin its peakexperiences- in Hegel,Nietzsche, Heidegger - is a thinking throughof the deathof God termsof the problemof finitude". This hasradical implications, for not only arewe consideringthe