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The Pragmatics of Nigerian English in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Novels

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The Pragmatics of Nigerian English in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Novels ISSN 2411-7390 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & EDUCATION Volume 2 Issue 3, 2016 Volume 2, Issue 3, 2016 Editorial Journal of Language and Education is a peer-reviewed electronic international journal published quarterly by the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia. The journal publishes theoretical, analytical and research articles in the fields of linguistics, interdisciplinary linguistic studies, pedagogical psychology and methods of teaching languages. The articles range from research-based work to personal experience of implementing a language course. The journal addresses academics, professionals, and students interested in innovations in phonetics, lexis, grammar, interdisciplinary linguistic studies and theory and practice of teaching languages. The aim of the journal is to bring together scholars, practitioners, and researchers working in the above im- portant disciplines worldwide. Editor-in-Chief of Issue 3 Tatiana Baranovskaya 3 Journal of Language & Education Volume 2, Issue 3, 2016 Editor-in-Chief Tatiana Baranovskaya National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia ([email protected]) Editorial Board Olga Alexandrova Moscow State University, Russia Tatyana Baranovskaya National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia Elena Freidina Moscow Pedagogical State University, Russia Andy Gillet Andy Gillet Consulting Ltd, UK Victor Ginsburg Institut d’Etudes Europeennes (IEE) at Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium Galina Goumovskaya Moscow Pedagogical State University, Russia Toni Hull Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA Mark Krzanowski Westminster University, UK Junia Ngoepe University of Limpopo, South Africa Elena Nikulina Moscow Pedagogical State University, Russia Lilia Raitskaya Moscow State University of International Relations, Russia Vladimir Shadrikov National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia Galina Suvorova Moscow Pedagogical State University, Russia Elena Solovova National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia Elena Velikaya National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia Anatoliy Voronin Institute of Psychology, Russia Shlomo Weber Southern Methodist University, USA Prithvi Shrestha The Open University, United Kingdom Editorial team Elena Tikhonova National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia Ksenia Hakobyan National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia Editor of Issue Lynn Mastellotto Website: http://www.ojs.hse.ru Journal of Language & Education Volume 2, Issue 3, 2016 Contents Articles Romanus Aboh, Happiness Uduk The Pragmatics of Nigerian English in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Novels 6 Tatiana Bogrdanova, Asya Usmanova Arthur Ransome and Dmitri Mitrokhin: Translating the Russian Folktale 14 Anna Gabets, Arnau Barios Gené Pragmalinguistic Features of American Presidents’ Inaugural Addresses of the Last Century (1913-2013) 22 Olga Krasnyak, Mik Fanguy, Elena Tikhonova Linguistic Approaches in Teaching History of Science and Technology Courses through a Content Block on Cognitive Sciencese 32 Natalie Gridina Exploring meaning: Verb semantics and quality 45 Fatima Valieva Resiliency in Education: The Case of Foreign Language Teachers 54 Elena Galichkina Developing teacher-trainees’ assessment awareness in the EFL classroom through project-based learning activity 61 Olga Karamalak Facebook Birthday Postings from a Language Ecology Perspective in Russian, German, American English, and French 71 Book Review Iosif Keselman A new type of lexicographic product: thesaurus of text strings. Field of EFL/ESL 82 Notes for contributors 90 5 Journal of Language & Education Volume 2, Issue 3, 2016 The Pragmatics of Nigerian English in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Novels Romanus Aboh University of Uyo Happiness Uduk University of Uyo There are relatively few studies that have examined the pragmatization of Nigerian English in Adichie’s novelistic oeuvre. This study seeks to fill that gap by undertaking a pragmatic analysis of Nigerian English in Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus, Half of a Yellow Sun and Americanah in order to account for the pragmatic relation between utterances and meaning explication. The theory adopted for this study is pragmatic context. The analysis indicates that the use of English as re- flected in the novels is pragmatically oriented which, by and large, helps elucidate the particular use of English in the non-literary situation in Nigeria. Also, the analysis demonstrates that the contexts, in which these Nigerian English expressions occur, significantly, draw from Nigeria’s sociocultural milieu, and the sociocultural milieu shapes the meaning or sense discourse par- ticipants squeeze out of utterances in interactive situations. Keywords: Nigerian English, Igbosim, Code-switching, pragmatics, Adichie Introduction “colonial” language. As observed in Nigerian prose fiction, the Nigerian writer writes in a language called An earlier study (Aboh and Uduk 2015), notes “Nigerian literary English”. This phrase describes the that it is perhaps unthinkable to discuss the issue of many modification processes the English language has language in Nigerian literature without specifying undergone since it came in contact with indigenous the underlying pragmatism that informs a writer’s languages. Nigerian novelists’, just as have other use of language. It is understandable that languages African novelists’ use of language, demonstrates differ in their “socio-functional use and languages that literature provides a fertile ground for the serve the purpose of communication but the forms modifications of English. of the conditions of their use are connected with a It is our recognition of some peculiarities in the definite socio-historical situation” (Akujobi 2014, English used in Nigerian literature that motivates 107). Akujobi’s postulate is most probably informed this study. This study focuses on a variety of the by the colonization of Africa. The colonization of English language used in the three novels – Purple Africa both helped to make and mar Africa, depending Hibiscus (2004, henceforth Purple), Half of a Yellow on the perspective from which one sees colonialism. Sun (2006, hereafter Half) and Americanah (2013) – In terms of language, colonial education, arguably, written by the celebrated Nigerian female novelist, made it possible for the African writer to “carry” his/ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Adichie’s novels, as her imaginative initiative beyond the shores of Africa. well as her collections of short stories, have enjoyed But the African writer does not write entirely in the critical scholarly attention – Ogwude (2011), Olusola Romanus Aboh, Department of English, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Romanus Aboh, University Of Uyo, Nwaniba Road, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] Happiness Uduk, Department of English, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Happiness Uduk, University Of Uyo, Nwaniba Road, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] 6 THE PRAGMATICS OF NIGERIAN ENGLISH IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S NOVELS and Alabib (2013). Anyokwu (2011), for example, account issues that concern the linguist who relies draws his readers’ attention to Adichie’s largely on pragmatics in his/her interaction with meaning. It adroit interweave of thoroughly domesticated English considers the discourse participants and what informs complete with Nigerianisms, slang, buzz-words, among their discursive context, which evidently shapes their others. He goes on to state that Adichie is exceptional use of language, what they undermine or consider an and commends her ability to mix the exoglossic and integral aspect of their communicative transaction, the endoglossic codes, that is, English and Igbo in her participants’ mutually constructed meanings of words, narrative enterprise. In a relatively recent article, Yeibo and their “preferred or dispreferred interpretation and Akerele (2014), while examining the phonology of of utterances” (2015, 199). It can be said that for Adichie’s Purple insightfully argue that as constitutive pragmatics, context is the whole of meaning. layers of language, phonic elements function as Context is the driving force of meaning. veritable parts of textual organization and are as useful Conceptualized as “the spine of meaning” by Odebunmi and fundamental as other levels of language study. (2006, 25), context plays an indispensible role in the Despite the extensive critical attention Adichie’s full explication of what a speaker implies and what works have received, studies on her use of language a hearer infers. It is expedient to stress that context from a pragmatic perspective are still lacking. in pragmatics differs considerably from context in One popular way of analyzing language is to focus several other disciplines. In most language-based attention on the “purely” linguistic issues, more analyses, setting serves as the major frame of context. phonological and syntactic than lexical. But what In pragmatics, however, “context refers to the dynamic, constitutes the inner structure of language is its talk-connected condition that evokes co-experiential pragmatism – the way discourse participants deploy and current activity frames for the determination of language to achieve their communicative intentions. senses of utterances” (Odebunmi 2015, 200). Context,
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