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2 2 V .98 Broadway * New York, N.Y. 10038 * (212) 962-1210 Tilden J. LeMelle, Chairman Jennifer Davis, Executive Director ACTION ALERT Ambassador Harry Schwarz South African Embassy Washington, DC (202) 265- 1607 Ambassador William Swing U.S. Embassy Pretoria, South Africa (011-27-12) 219278 Gabriel Ramushwana Venda Authorities Sibasa, Venda (011-27-15581) 22971 Please send copies of your messages to The Africa Fund. for information contact Mike Fleshman, Labor Desk Coordinator. Established by The American Committee on Africa, 1966 * Contributions are tax- deductible -7-, -- WP' HOSPITAL WORKERS DETAINED IN VENDA BANTUSTAN April 24, 1991 Nine members of the National Education, Health and Allied Workers Union (NEHAWU) were detained on April 22 by apartheid authorities in the Venda bantustan. The nine are amcng 19 hospital workers fired earlier this year after leading a strike at Venda's Siloam hospital against incompetent and racist doctors. According to COSATU officials in Venda, the nine have no legal representation and are unable to post the R2,000 ($800) demanded by the bantustan police. The Venda security forces are notorious even by South African standards for their use of torture against trade union, church and anti-apartheid activists. For that reason there is grave concern for the safety of the detainees, and urgent action is needed to win their release. The arrests are the latest incidents in an escalating campaign of repression and violence directed against NEHAWU by the apartheid government and its allies. Hundreds of Black nurses currently face de-certification and dismissal by the government for joining NEHAWU strikes last year for recognition agreements and higher wages. NEHAWU President Beki Mkhize has been the target of two assassination attempts this year alone. Health workers appear to have been targeted because they often confront the government directly in state-run hospitals and schools. The repression may also be an attempt by the white authorities to break the union before constitutional negotiations begin. NEHAWU would be a major obstacle to any effort to maintain white privilege and control of education and health care in South Africa. Demand the release of the Venda Nine and an end to attacks on NEHAWU. Tell de Klerk: HANDS OFF LABOR IN SOUTH AFRICA! Send Faxes to: .

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SINGING PSALMS with OWLS: a VENDA 20Th CENTURY MUSICAL HISTORY Part Two: TSHIKONA, BEER SONGS and Personal SONGS
36 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF AFRICAN MUSIC SINGING PSALMS WITH OWLS: A VENDA 20th CENTURY MUSICAL HISTORY pART TwO: TSHIKONA, BEER SONGS AND pERSONAL SONGS by JACO KRUGER The three categories of Venda music discussed here are tshikona (the bamboo pipe dance), beer songs (malende, jive) and personal songs. As I indicate in part One of this essay,1 tshikona is useful for the construction of a musical history because its performance is intimately associated with traditional politics. By contrast, beer songs do not feature di rectly in politics. However, they not only comprise the largest category of adult music, they also have more elaborate texts than Venda music forms such as tshikona or tshigombela. While song texts have an important function, they arguably play a secondary role in large scale performances of communal dance music such as tshigombela and tshikona, which primarily are geared towards emotional arousal through sound and movement. As the continuum of musical performance extends towards smaller groups, and finally the individual musician, performances become more reflective, and their cognitive content increases to a point where a simple accompaniment on a musical bow or guitar becomes the subservient carrier of song texts of epic proportion (see Kruger 1993:348-403). While the study of large-scale dance performance reveals general social developments, the texts of beer songs and personal songs not only uncover the detail of these develop ments but also the emotional motivations which underpin them. Tshikona Tshikona is one of a number of South African pipe dances (see Kirby 1968:135 170). These dances mostly take place under the auspices of traditional leaders, and they are associated with important social rituals.
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