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SINGING PSALMS with OWLS: a VENDA 20Th CENTURY MUSICAL HISTORY Part Two: TSHIKONA, BEER SONGS and Personal SONGS
36 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF AFRICAN MUSIC SINGING PSALMS WITH OWLS: A VENDA 20th CENTURY MUSICAL HISTORY pART TwO: TSHIKONA, BEER SONGS AND pERSONAL SONGS by JACO KRUGER The three categories of Venda music discussed here are tshikona (the bamboo pipe dance), beer songs (malende, jive) and personal songs. As I indicate in part One of this essay,1 tshikona is useful for the construction of a musical history because its performance is intimately associated with traditional politics. By contrast, beer songs do not feature di rectly in politics. However, they not only comprise the largest category of adult music, they also have more elaborate texts than Venda music forms such as tshikona or tshigombela. While song texts have an important function, they arguably play a secondary role in large scale performances of communal dance music such as tshigombela and tshikona, which primarily are geared towards emotional arousal through sound and movement. As the continuum of musical performance extends towards smaller groups, and finally the individual musician, performances become more reflective, and their cognitive content increases to a point where a simple accompaniment on a musical bow or guitar becomes the subservient carrier of song texts of epic proportion (see Kruger 1993:348-403). While the study of large-scale dance performance reveals general social developments, the texts of beer songs and personal songs not only uncover the detail of these develop ments but also the emotional motivations which underpin them. Tshikona Tshikona is one of a number of South African pipe dances (see Kirby 1968:135 170). These dances mostly take place under the auspices of traditional leaders, and they are associated with important social rituals. -
I OTET POLITICAL REPORT Adopted by the National
I OTET POLITICAL REPORT adopted by the National Committee on 8 September 1990 Introduction 1 Namibia 1 Front Line States 2 UnitedOppositiontoApartheid 2 ThecrisisinNatalandtheroleofInkatha 4 The end of the white monolith 5 Theinternationaldimensiontothecrisisofapartheid 5 The"peaceprocess" 6 Futureperspectivesfor Britishandinternational policy 7 The tasks of the Anti-ApartheidMovement 8 TheWayAhead 8 SOUTH AFRICA NelsonMandelaInternationalReceptionCommittee 10 Nelson Mandela Reception Committee - Britain 11 Sanctions 14 South Africa -FreedomNow!campaign 15 NAMIBIA / FRONT LINE STATES 18 CAMPAIGNS Economiccollaboration 19 Military/nuclearcollaboration 22 Sports boycott 23 Culturalandacademicboycotts 24 SouthernAfricaTheImprisonedSociety(SATIS) 24 International work 29 AREAS OF WORK TradeUnions 31 LocalGroups 33 LocalAuthorities 36 Students and youth 37 Women 37 Blackandethnicminorities 38 Health 38 Multi-faith 39 INFORMATION AND RESEARCH Anti-ApartheidNews 39 Research and publications 40 Pressandmedia 40 FINANCE AND FUND-RAISING 41 ORGANISATION Membership 43 AGM/NationalCommittee/ExecutiveCommittee 44 Office/staff 45 POLITICAL REPORT Adopted by the National Committee on 8 September 1990. Introduction THE ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT THE WAY AHEAD 1990 has proved to be a turning point in the history of the struggle for freedom in Southern Africa. Within a period of a little over three months from February to May - Namibia gained its independence under a democratically elected SWAPO government; the African National Congress, Pan Africanist Congress -
EB145 Opt.Pdf
E EPISCOPAL CHURCHPEOPLE for a FREE SOUTHERN AFRICA 339 Lafayette Street, New York, N.Y. 10012·2725 C (212) 4n-0066 FAX: (212) 979-1013 S A #145 21 february 1994 _SU_N_D_AY-.::..:20--:FEB:.=:..:;R..:..:U..:..:AR:..:.Y:.....:..:.1994::...::.-_---.". ----'-__THE OBSERVER_ Ten weeks before South Africa's elections, a race war looks increasingly likely, reports Phillip van Niekerk in Johannesburg TOKYO SEXWALE, the Afri In S'tanderton, in the Eastern candidate for the premiership of At the meeting in the Pretoria Many leading Inkatha mem can National Congress candidate Transvaal, the white town coun Natal. There is little doubt that showgrounds three weeks ago, bers have publicly and privately for the office of premier in the cillast Wednesday declared itself Natal will fall to the ANC on 27 when General Constand Viljoen, expressed their dissatisfaction at Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Veree part of an independent Boer April, which explains Buthelezi's head ofthe Afrikaner Volksfront, Inkatha's refusal to participate in niging province, returned shaken state, almost provoking a racial determination to wriggle out of was shouted down while advo the election, and could break from a tour of the civil war in conflagration which, for all the having to fight the dection.~ cating the route to a volkstaat not away. Angola last Thursday. 'I have violence of recent years, the At the very least, last week's very different to that announced But the real prize in Natal is seen the furure according to the country not yet experienced. concessions removed any trace of by Mandela last week, the im Goodwill Zwelithini, the Zulu right wing,' he said, vividly de The council's declaration pro a legitimate gripe against the new pression was created that the king and Buthelezi's nephew. -
Committed to Unity
Committed to Unity: South Africa’s Adherence to Its 1994 Political Settlement Paul Graham IPS Paper 6 Abstract This paper reviews the commitment of the remaining power contenders and other political actors to the settlement which was reached between 1993 and 1996. Based on interviews with three key actors now in opposing political parties represented in the National Assembly, the paper makes the case for a continued commitment to, and consensus on, the ideals and principles of the 1996 Constitution. It provides evidence of schisms in the dominant power contender (the African National Congress) which have not led to a return in political violence post-settlement. The paper makes the point that, while some of this was the result of President Nelson Mandela’s presence, more must be ascribed to the constitutional arrangements and commitments of the primary political actors and the citizens of South Africa. © Berghof Foundation Operations GmbH – CINEP/PPP 2014. All rights reserved. About the Publication This paper is one of four case study reports on South Africa produced in the course of the collaborative research project ‘Avoiding Conflict Relapse through Inclusive Political Settlements and State-building after Intra-State War’, running from February 2013 to February 2015. This project aims to examine the conditions for inclusive political settlements following protracted armed conflicts, with a specific focus on former armed power contenders turned state actors. It also aims to inform national and international practitioners and policy-makers on effective practices for enhancing participation, representation, and responsiveness in post-war state-building and governance. It is carried out in cooperation with the partner institutions CINEP/PPP (Colombia, Project Coordinators), Berghof Foundation (Germany, Project Research Coordinators), FLACSO (El Salvador), In Transformation Initiative (South Africa), Sudd Institute (South Sudan), Aceh Policy Institute (Aceh/Indonesia), and Friends for Peace (Nepal). -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
VOLUME THREE Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Regional Profiles ........ 1 Appendix: National Chronology......................... 12 Chapter 2 REGIONAL PROFILE: Eastern Cape ..................................................... 34 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Eastern Cape........................................................... 150 Chapter 3 REGIONAL PROFILE: Natal and KwaZulu ........................................ 155 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in Natal, KwaZulu and the Orange Free State... 324 Chapter 4 REGIONAL PROFILE: Orange Free State.......................................... 329 Chapter 5 REGIONAL PROFILE: Western Cape.................................................... 390 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Western Cape ......................................................... 523 Chapter 6 REGIONAL PROFILE: Transvaal .............................................................. 528 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Transvaal ...................................................... -
Work in Progress, No. 79
Work in progress, No. 79 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org/. Page 1 of 54 Alternative title Work In Progress Author/Creator University of Witwatersrand (Johannesburg) Contributor Pillay, Devan Publisher University of Witwatersrand (Johannesburg) Date 1991-12 Resource type Journals (Periodicals) Language Afrikaans, English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1991 Source Digital Imaging South Africa (DISA) Rights By kind permission of Hein Marais, Julian May, and the Southern Africa Report. Format extent 52 page(s) (length/size) -
Action Alert Hospital Workers Detained in Venda Bantustan
198 Broadway • New York, N.Y. 10038 • (212) 962-1210 Tilden J. LeMelle, Chairman Jennifer Davis, Executive Director ACTION ALERT HOSPITAL WORKERS DETAINED IN VENDA BANTUSTAN April 24, 1991 Nine members of the National Education, Health and Allied Workers Union (NEHAWU) were detained on April 22 by apartheid authorities in the Venda b~ntustan. The nine a:oc:: e:o_mong l9 hospit~.l workers fired earlier this year after leading a strike at Venda's Siloam hospital against incompetent and racist doctors. According to COSATU officials in Venda, the nine have no legal representation and are unable to post the R2,000 ($800) demanded by the bantustan police. The Venda security forces are notorious even by South African standards for their use of torture against trade union, church and anti-apartheid activists. For that reason there is grave concern for the safety of the detainees, and urgent action is needed to win their release. The arrests are the latest incidents in an escalating campaign of repression and violence directed against NEHAWU by the apartheid government and its allies. Hundreds of Black nurses currently face de-certification and dismissal by the government for joining NEHAWU strikes last year for recognition agreements and higher wages. NEHAWU President Beki Mkhize has been the target of two assassination attempts this year alone. Health workers appear to have been targeted because they often confront the government directly in state-run hospitals and schools. The repression may also be an attempt by the white authorities to break the union before constitutional negotiations begin. NEHAWU would be a major obstacle to any effort to maintain white privilege and control of education and health care in South Africa. -
A Sociological Investigation
DISSATISFACTION OF MALAMULELE RESIDENTS WITH SERVICE DELIVERY IN MALAMULELE AREA, LIMPOPO PROVINCE: A SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION BY NTSAKO SIMEON MATHONSI 200402793 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Sociology in the FACULTY OF HUMANITIES (School of Social Sciences) at the UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO Supervisor: Prof SL Sithole 2017 Declaration I wish to declare that the work on Dissatisfaction of Malamulele residents with service delivery in Malamulele area, Limpopo Province: A sociological investigation submitted towards fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Sociology has not previously been submitted by myself for a degree at any other university, and also that the work is my own in both design and execution, and that all material contained herein has been acknowledged accordingly. ________________________ ___________________ Mr NS Mathonsi DATE i Dedication This work is dedicated to my wife - Wisani Mathonsi, my daughters - Vun'we Blessing Mathonsi and Xiluvelo Abundance Mathonsi, as well as my parents - Mr Yobert and Mrs Maria Mathonsi, who are my source of strength and my support structure. I also wish to dedicate this work to my late grandfather, patriarch Shabane Samuel Mungoni who has been and always will be my inspiration. ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude for assistance and support to the following authorities, people, and institutions: The Almighty God who is the author and perfector of my faith. My supervisor, Professor SL Sithole - for his wisdom, guidance, advice, support and supervision, and his trust upon me. The Health and Welfare Sector Education and Training Authority (HWSETA) for the financial assistance. -
An Afrocentric Exploration of South Africa's Homeland Policy With
An Afrocentric Exploration of South Africa’s Homeland Policy with Specific Reference to Vhavenḓa Traditional Leadership and Institutions, 1898-1994 by Theodore Nkadimeng Mahosi Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in History in the Faculty of Humanities (School of Social Sciences) at the UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO Supervisor: Prof. K.B. Shai Co-supervisor: Dr. A.V. Dhliwayo 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration i Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii Abstract v List of abbreviations vi Chapter 1 1 Contextual Orientation of the Study 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Research Problem 3 1.3 Operational Definition of Concepts 4 1.3.1 Apartheid 4 1.3.2 Homeland Policy 5 1.3.3 Vhuhosi 5 1.3.4 Ethnic identity 6 1.4. Literature Review 6 1.4.1 The concepts leader and leadership 6 1.4.2 Leadership versus power, authority and legitimacy 9 1.4.3 Traditional polities and the nature of traditional leadership 16 1.4.4 Ethnicity and ethnic identity 17 1.4.5 The relationship between the church and the state 17 1.4.6 The nature of power relations within South Africa’s ethnic homelands Bantustan Policy 18 1.4.7 The challenge to the legitimacy of Vhavenḓa traditional leadership 19 1.4.8 The influence of modern bureaucracy and modern economy 19 1.5. Role of Theory in the Study 20 1.6. Purpose of the Study 21 1.6.1 Aim of the study 21 1.6.2 Research objectives 21 1.7. -
Venda Kingship
1 www.luonde.co.za VENDA KINGSHIP FIRST DESTRUCTION OF VENDA KINGSHIP: THE BOERS THE MPHEPHU WAR, 1898 After King Makhado died of suspected poisoning in 1895, the Boers saw his death as an opportunity for them to try once more to colonise Venda and to destroy the Venda monarchy. The Boers infiltrated the Ramabulana Royal House and influenced Sinthumule, the Kingdom’s Prime Minister, to turn against his brother, King Mphephu. War broke out between Mphephu’s group known as Mavhengwa and Sinthumule’s group known as Ngomakhosi. Sinthumule fled to Ha-Manavhela (Manavhela Ben Lavin) and sought help from the Boers who were happy to oblige as they perceived Mphephu as a scourge. In 1898 the Boers finally conquered and subjugated Vhavenda (see Mphephu-Boer War for more info). The Boers took over Luatame, Songozwi, as Mphephu fled to Zimbabwe. A town was established on 22 February 1899 at Tshirululuni (the cattle post). Tshirululuni was renamed louis trichardt. Sinthumule was crowned the ‘King’ of Venda by the Boers, but his rule was not recognised by Vhavenda. They continued to pay tribute to King Mphephu in exile through Rambiyana and Ravele Matsheketsheke. The Boers could not, however, establish a permanent presence at Songozwi since they had to engage in a bloody war with the English in the South African war (the Anglo-Boer war) which broke out in 1899. Vhavenda sided with the English and burnt the town of louis trichardt. The Boers were defeated in the South African war and surrendered in 1902. The English army commander, Taylor, brought Mphephu back to Luatame, Songozwi, in 1902. -
'I REPRESE EMAS E8' ~ ,AKTUEEL, INHOUD ~O 205 5 the ANC Election Alliances " , Die Cuna-Sage Duurvoort 15 - 21 Januarie 1993 9 a New South Africa? Hmmf
E IWUiIllI' -~D IANT f 'I REPRESE EMAS E8' ~ ,AKTUEEL, INHOUD ~o 205 5 The ANC election alliances " , Die Cuna-sage duurvoort 15 - 21 Januarie 1993 9 A New South Africa? Hmmf... 7 & 8 ul represent the masses," ' ,'_OMGEWlNG, , says Winnie Mandela in an interview 17St Lucia: die stryd het nou eers with HENNIE SERFONTEIN begin Kan SA 'nolieramp afweer? 10,- 16 'n Reeks hoogs vertroulike GODSDIENS dokumente van die Afrikaner 11 Huldeaan Willem Vorster . Broederbond wat vertel van die ,18 1993:, 'nKeerpunt vir die NG Kerke organisasie se eksistersele krisis en , 19 Vergeet dit, sa NicoSmith ' ,sy vasklou aan geheimhouding, ", ' ,INTERNASIONAAL word onthul 22 Bosne; Die Derde Wereldoortog begin dalk net hier 15 & 16 Broadcasting is creeping towards the top ofthe 23 Bosnia: Trying to douse the ethnic negotiations agenda as elections draw closer. Bufwhile the flames ANC and its allies begin belatedly to focus on the picture at 'RUBRIEKE & MENINGS , the SABe, IVOR POWELL asks: Who 'is holding the re- ' ' 4 Briewe van ons lasers '. ,mote control? And why is the pic 24 Brolloks ture so fuzzy? , • 32 Plant In Boom & Nettie Pikeur , 33 Klipoog oar dieweek selV ' 34 Christi speel pop , ,20 & 21 Calling the tribes - It ,started with techno and designer' ,BOEKE & FIKSIE drugs and people said the RAVE, , 25 RykHattingh bespreek 'n bookcordie 'grond ", " , SCENE was just apassing trend. ' ,26 Anton Lubowski: die' raaisel oly Butthe scene is getting bigger and onopgelos going higher, moving onto the street KUNS & VERMAAK and settling into the mentality of the 30 - 31 Ivor Powell onLeora Farber's South African-youth paintings, ' 35 Resensies van Gone By The Wind & 27 - 29 'n Drukkie onder die voetsool kari 'wondere verrig, The Woman in Black 36 & 37 Andrea Vinassa ocr sedie refleksoloe. -
Apdusa Views
APDUSA VIEWS ISSUE No. 51 JANUARY 1994 THE SKELETONS IN THE ANC ELECTION CLOSET INTRODUCTION The long-awaited list of candidates of the ANC for the National Assembly was published in the third week of January 1994. There have, since, been various reactions to that list. The press of the liberal bourgeoisie has been agitated by the number of Communist Party members placed high on the election list. They feel that they have been cheated or tricked by the Communist Party despite the fact that all those who had eyes to see would have known that the ANC and the Umkhonto weSizwe are heavily dominated by the members of the Communist Party in all organisational areas of importance. The Indian members of the ANC are divided in their reaction to the Election List. There are those honest members who have been outraged at the nomination of the sellouts from the Solidarity Party and have resigned from the ANC in protest. Prominent in this is the 80-year-old Dr Goonam, a member of the Congress Movement for over half a century. There are others, no less outraged because they or their friends have been omitted from the List. And finally, there are those hacks and apologists who will slavishly repeat justification for the scandal which has erupted over the nomination of sellouts and crooks to represent the ANC in the National Assembly. An election list of candidates published by an organisation is a reflection of the nature and character of that organisation. By compiling the list referred to above, the ANC has, in effect, announced to the country and to the world at large: The persons, whose names appear on this Election List have been chosen by us.