DOCSLIB.ORG

Frank Rumscheid (Hrsg.) · Die Karer Und Die Anderen II III

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Frank Rumscheid (Hrsg.) · Die Karer Und Die Anderen II III I Frank Rumscheid (Hrsg.) · Die Karer und die Anderen II III Die Karer und die Anderen Internationales Kolloquium an der Freien Universität Berlin 13. bis 15. Oktober 2005 Herausgegeben von Frank Rumscheid Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH · Bonn 2009 IV Umschlag: Männlicher ‘Sphinx’, Akroterion des Androns B in Labraunda (Entwurf S. Biegert auf Grundlage einer Graphik von F. Rumscheid) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie. Detailliertere bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. © 2009 by Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn Redaktion: Frank Rumscheid (Kiel) Satz: Susanne Biegert (Bonn) Druck: Druckhaus Thomas Müntzer, 99947 Bad Langensalza ISBN 978-3-7749-3632-4 V Inhaltsverzeichnis Frank Rumscheid Einführung VII Beziehungen zu den Anderen Michael Meier-Brügger Karer und Alt-Anatolier aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Sicht 1 Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier Milet und Karien vom Neolithikum bis zu den ‘Dunklen Jahrhunderten’. Mythos und Archäologie 7 Alexander Herda Karki™a-Karien und die sogenannte Ionische Migration 27 Alain Bresson Karien und die dorische Kolonisation 109 Winfried Held Die Karer und die Rhodische Peraia 121 Christopher Ratté The Carians and the Lydians 135 Hilmar Klinkott Die Karer im Achaimenidenreich 149 Werner Tietz Karer und Lykier: Politische und kulturelle Beziehungen im 5./4. Jh. v. Chr. 163 Frank Rumscheid Die Leleger: Karer oder Andere? 173 Bernhard Schmaltz Klassische Leitkultur und karische Provinz? Archäologische Zeugnisse im südlichen Karien 195 Vincenzo Ruggieri The Carians in the Byzantine Period 207 Einzelne Kulturäußerungen Wolfgang Blümel Zu Schrift und Sprache der Karer 221 Daniela Piras Der archäologische Kontext karischer Sprachdenkmäler und seine Bedeutung für die kulturelle Identität Kariens 229 VI Pierre Debord Peut-on définir un panthéon carien? 251 Pontus Hellström Sacred Architecture and Karian Identity 267 Abdulkadir Baran Karian Architecture Before the Hekatomnids 291 Poul Pedersen The Palace of Maussollos in Halikarnassos and Some Thoughts on Its Karian and International Context 315 Mathias Benter Das mykenische Kammergrab vom Pilavtepe 349 Adnan Diler Tombs and Burials in Daml@bo%az (Hydai) and Pedasa: Preliminary Report in the Light of Surface Investigations and Excavations 359 Anne Marie Carstens Tomb Cult and Tomb Architecture in Karia from the Late Archaic to the Hellenistic Period 377 Abuzer K@z@l 1990–2005 Y@llar@ Aras@nda Mylasa’da Kurtarma Kaz@lar@ Yap@lan Mezarlar ve Buluntular@ Üzerinde Genel Bir De%erlendirme 397 ‚smail Fazl@o%lu Daml@bo%az Finds: Inland Carian Archaic Pottery and Related Regions 463 Topographische Studien Mathias Benter Hydas, eine befestigte Höhensiedlung auf der Bozburun-Halbinsel 481 Mustafa ©ahin Alt-Myndos: Einige Betrachtungen zu Lokalisation und Stadtmauern 503 Numan Tuna – Nadire At@c@ – ‚lham Sakarya – Elif Koparal The Preliminary Results of Burgaz Excavations Within the Context of Locating Old Knidos 517 Deniz Pastutmaz Knidos im Licht der jüngsten Ausgrabungen: Der Theater-Dionysos-Tempel-Stoa-Komplex 533 Karki™a-Karien und die sogenannte Ionische Migration 27 Karki™a-Karien und die sogenannte Ionische Migration Alexander Herda Schlüsselwörter: Appaliuna™-Apollon, Arinnanda-Mykale, Ethnizität, Hartka-muwa-Artemis, Ioner, Karka-Karer, Karki™a-Karien, Migration, Milawanda-Milet, Panionion, Poseidon Helikonios, synkre- tistische Kulte Zusammenfassung: Die Historizität der sogenannten Ionischen Migration nach Westkleinasien steht au- ßer Frage. Indessen sind die Prozesse, die in der späten Bronze- und frühen Eisenzeit bei der Akkultura- tion und Ethnogenese der griechischen ‘Ioner’ sowie der indigenen luwischen und verwandten Völker, im besonderen der Karer, abliefen, nur in groben Zügen aufgeklärt. Die Gründe hierfür sind verschieden und werden im vorliegenden Beitrag zusammengefaßt: Zum einen steht für diese wichtige Periode die Siedlungsarchäologie in der Kontaktzone Südionien-Karien, geographisch der Bereich des Mäanderdeltas um die Poleis Milet, Priene und Myous herum, erst am Anfang. Zum anderen ist im Falle der Karer mit einer erhöhten Assimilationsbereitschaft zu rechnen, die diese Kultur bereits in der Spätbronzezeit zu kennzeichnen scheint. Ein weiteres Problem bilden schließlich die schriftlichen Quellen und ihre Interpre- tation: Die hethitischen Archive erweisen die griechisch-karische Kontaktzone um Milet-Milawanda als stark umkämpften Brückenkopf des mykenischen Reiches von Ahhijawa im 14./13. Jh. v. Chr. Mithin sie- delten also schon in der späten Bronzezeit Griechen im späteren Südionien, allerdings gegen den indigenen Widerstand des luwischen Königreiches von Arzawa-Mira, des Volkes der *Karka von Karki™a, dem spä- teren Karien, und der zentralkleinasiatischen Großmacht der Hethiter. Diese Überlieferung bricht aber während der sogenannten Seevölkerstürme Anfang des 12. Jhs. v. Chr. zur Zeit der Zerstörung von Troja VIIa, Hattu™a und Milet VI ab. Zum Zeitpunkt des Einsetzens der ersten griechischen Quellen (Homer, Hesiod) im späten 8. Jh. v. Chr. ist die in den sogenannten Dunklen Jahrhunderten (Mitte 11. – 1. Hälfte 8. Jh. v. Chr.) erfolgende erneute Migration von Griechen nach Westkleinasien bereits abgeschlossen. Das ‘ionische Ethnos’ hat sich um das zentrale Heiligtum des Poseidon Helikonios an der Mykale (Panionion) konstituiert. Die erhaltenen Gründungsmythen, ob kollektive (Ioner) oder individuelle (einzelne Poleis), dienen einer gräkozentrischen, retrospektiven Geschichtskonstruktion. Trotzdem: Einheitlich ist die Über- lieferung, was die mehr oder weniger gewaltsame Auseinandersetzung der griechischen Migranten mit den indigenen Völkern betrifft, etwa den Karern. Hier liegt demnach Erinnerung an tatsächliche Geschichte vor, wie dies am Beispiel des SH-III-C-zeitlichen bis submykenischen, ‘karischen’ Milet VII (12. – Mitte 11. Jh. v. Chr.) zu zeigen versucht wird. I. Einleitung nach Westkleinasien1. Dazu bemerkte der Althisto- riker Justus Cobet 1999 treffend: “Die Geschichte Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit einem von des frühen Ionien bietet das Exerzierfeld für ein Archäologen und Historikern kontrovers diskutier- klassisches Methodenproblem der Altertumswis- ten Thema, der sogenannten Ionischen Migration senschaft, das Verhältnis von archäologischem Ob- 1 Form und Struktur des während des Kolloquiums gehaltenen Vortrags wurden weitgehend beibehalten, wenn auch stark überarbeitet und erweitert. Zum Panionion (hier Kap. IV) vgl. ausführlicher Verf., Panionion–Melia. – Ich danke Frank Rumscheid herzlich für die Einladung und ihm sowie den Teilnehmern für anregende Diskus- 28 Alexander Herda jekt und Text”2. Dieses Problem wird natürlich nie führte zu einer relativ geschlossenen Besiedlung der endgültig gelöst werden. Wohl aber soll hier eine kleinasiatischen Küstenregion sowie der vorgelager- Lanze gebrochen werden für die Archäologie als ten Inseln zwischen Phokaia bzw. Chios im Nor- denjenigen Bereich der Altertumswissenschaften, den und Milet bzw. Samos im Süden (Abb. 1). von dem in der näheren Zukunft noch wesentliche Gemäß der antiken Mythenchronologie begann Beiträge zur Erhellung der Geschichte der frühen Ei- die ‘Ionische Migration’ vier Generationen nach dem senzeit im westlichen Kleinasien zu erwarten sind, Fall von Troja und zwei Generationen nach der zumal die systematischen Feldforschungen sich erst Rückkehr der Herakliden damit, daß der athenische in unseren Tagen verstärkt dieser Epoche der Region Königssohn Neileos zusammen mit seinen Brüdern zuwenden. Die Archäologie kann sehr wohl Lücken und Halbbrüdern die zwölf ionischen Städte Milet, im historischen Wissen zu den ‘Dunklen Jahrhun- Ephesos, Erythrai, Klazomenai, Priene, Lebedos, derten’ auffüllen3, wenn sie diese auch “nicht grund- Teos, Kolophon, Myous, Phokaia, Samos und Chios sätzlich aufzuheben” vermag4. gründete5. Das Marmor Parium, eine chronologische Das Hauptaugenmerk der Betrachtungen liegt, Aufzeichung des 3. Jhs. v. Chr. (264/63 v. Chr.)6, dem Rahmenthema des Kolloquiums verpflichtet, parallelisiert die Gründung der ionischen Städte auf der Region des südlichen Ionien im Grenzbe- durch Neileos mit der Gründung des Panionions am reich zu Karien. Mykale-Gebirge als Gemeinschaftsheiligtum aller Ioner in Kleinasien. In der Inschrift wird als Datum umgerechnet das Jahr 1086/85 oder 1076/75 v. Chr. II. Der Forschungsstand zur Ioni- angegeben7. schen Migration nach Kleinasien Von archäologischer Seite wird als bestätigender Anzeiger für die im 11. Jh. v. Chr. beginnende Mi- Die sogenannte Ionische Wanderung der frühen gration vor allem das oft zitierte, jedoch nicht im- Eisenzeit (11.–8. Jh. v. Chr.) ist Teil des Phänomens mer eindeutig zu interpretierende Auftreten von größerer griechischer Migrationsbewegungen im Keramik des sogenannten submykenischen und ägäischen Raum nach dem Zusammenbruch der protogeometrischen Stils in den Siedlungsplätzen mykenischen Kultur im 13./12. Jh. v. Chr. und Westkleinasiens angeführt8. sionen. Eckart Sauter las freundlicherweise das Manuskript Korrektur, es profitierte ebenso von der sorgfältigen Durchsicht und Kritik durch Frank Rumscheid. 2 Vgl. Cobet 730. 3 Man vergleiche dazu auch die Bemerkungen von Kerschner 364–366. 371–374. – Aus der Sicht des (deutschen) Alt- historikers betont kritisch: U. Walter, Das Wesen im Anfang suchen: Die archaische Zeit Griechenlands in neuer Per- spektive, Gymnasium 105, 1998, 537–552; K.-J. Hölkeskamp, Von den ‘Dunklen Jahrhunderten’ in das ‘Zeitalter der Experimente’. Kritische Bemerkungen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
    TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos
    [Show full text]
  • Researches in Karia Author(S): W
    Researches in Karia Author(s): W. R. Paton and J. L. Myres Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1 (Jan., 1897), pp. 38-54 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1773642 Accessed: 27-06-2016 09:41 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal This content downloaded from 198.91.37.2 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 09:41:33 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms ( 38 ) RESEARCHES IN KARIA.* IBy W. R. PATON and J. L. MYRES. THE following notes summarize the geographical results of a series of short journeys made by Mr. W. R. Paton in 1893, partly at his own expense and partly by the aid of grants from the Royal Geographical and Hellenic Societies. Mr. Paton was accompanied in the peninsula of Myndos by Mr. J. L. Myres, Craven Travelling Fellow and Burdett- Coutts Scholar of the University of Oxford, with whom the whole material has been worked up conjointly. The inscriptions copied during these journeys, a detailed discussion of the ancient sites, and an essay on the types of tombs in this part of Karia, will be published in the Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Tezi Yöneteu
    İSTAltBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ EDEBİYAT FAKÜTITESİ LİSA.liS TEZİ TEZİN KONUSU : STRABOlPUll XIV. KİTABilillA GEÇEli BÖLGE, KENT, TANRI, TAURIÇA VE ŞAHIS İSİMLERİ ÜZERİIIDE KISA AÇIKLAL'IALI TARAiliA. ÇALiı;MASI • TEZİ YÖNETEU : PROF. DR. ADUAN PEKmAN İSTANBUl/HAZİRAN 1982 NERİrı!AN ARSLAN 18809 İÇİNDEKİLER 1. ÖNSÖZ 2. BİDLİYOGRAFYA 3· STRABON'UN KİŞİLİGİ VE ESERLERİ 4. STRABOIPUN XIV. KİTABIIillA GEÇEN BÖLGE, KEUT, TANRI, TAHRIÇA VE ŞAHIS İSİMLERİ ÜZERİNDE KISA AÇIKLAMALI TABALlA ÇALişmASI ÖN SÖ Z Eskiçağın ünlü coğTafyacısı Strabon r un 17 lü taplık "Geographika" adlı bir eseri vardır. Strabon ayrıca tarih alanında da büyülc çalışmalar yapmış ve 47 cil·tlik bir tarih yazmıştır. Ancak bu eseri günümüze kadar ulaşa~amıştır. Strabon Coğrafya eserinde Eskiçağdwci Anadolu'nun sadece coğrafyası halekında değil tarihi haldtında da b~lgiler vermektedir. Eserinin çeşitli yerlerinde kendisinden ve atalarından bahsetmek­ tedir: Strabon hakkındaki bildiklerimizde eserinde bize naklettiği bilgi­ lerden ibaret·tir. A-taları Pontos kralları yanında önemli görevler almış olan kimselerdir. özellikle anne tarafından soylu bir aileye mensup olan Strabon m.ö. 64-63 yıllarında Pontos bölgesinde Aınaseia (Amasya) şehrinde doğmuştur. Varlıklı bir aileye mensup olduğu için iyi bir ÖbTenim yapabil­ miş ve istediği kadar seyahat edebilmiştir. Öğrenimini genç yaşta Karia'da (Tralles) yanında Nysa şehrinde Aristodemos'un yru1ında yapmıştır. H.ö. 44 yıllarında Roma'ya gitmiş ve orada da öğrenimine devam etmiştir. Onun hocaları arasında Stoic filozof tarihçi, büyük bilgin Poseidonios da vardır. Strabon'un kendisi de Stoic felsefenin ilkelerine bağlı bir filazoftur. Eserlerinde Roma Siyasetine ve siyasetçilerine bir hayranlılc gÇ;izlenılenmelctedir. Afrilca'nın ve Anadolu­ nun büyük bir kısmını dolaşan s·trabon hayatının son 26-27 yılını Amasia 1da geçirmiş tir.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Achaemenid Persia on Fourth-Century and Early Hellenistic Greek Tyranny
    THE INFLUENCE OF ACHAEMENID PERSIA ON FOURTH-CENTURY AND EARLY HELLENISTIC GREEK TYRANNY Miles Lester-Pearson A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826 This item is protected by original copyright The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny Miles Lester-Pearson This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews Submitted February 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Miles Lester-Pearson, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 88,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2015. Date: Signature of Candidate: 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Beiträge Zur Kleinasiatischen Münzkunde Und Geschichte 11
    GEPHYRA 12, 2015, 1-88 Beiträge zur kleinasiatischen Münzkunde und Geschichte 11. Adleromina: Stadt- und Kultgründungen auf Geheiß des Zeus Johannes NOLLÉ «Stadtgründer müssen unbedingt mit der Art und Weise vertraut sein, wie die Dichter Mythen erzählen und von der diese, wenn sie sie dichten, nicht abweichen dürfen. Hingegen dürfen Stadt- gründer auf gar keinen Fall selbst Mythen dichten.»1 Platon Regula Kunkel gewidmet 1. Einführung Platon hat in seinem ‹Staat› von den Stadt- bzw. Staatsgründern gefordert, einen klaren Blick dafür zu haben, dass griechische Dichter genremäßig einer mythischen Weltsicht verpflichtet seien. Von den Gründern eines idealen Staates aber verlangt er, es ihnen nicht nachzutun und sich auf keinen Fall auf den Mythos einzulassen (sondern sich an den Realitäten zu orientieren). Tatsächlich haben die hellenischen Stadtgründer von der archaischen Zeit bis in den Hellenismus, soweit wir das be- urteilen können, sich meist mit wohlüberlegten und klaren Zielsetzungen zu einer Stadt- bzw. ‹Ko- lonie›gründung entschlossen, dann nach rationalen Gesichtspunkten geeignete Plätze für ihre Gründungen ausgewählt und schließlich die Städte gut geplant und klar durchdacht angelegt2 – * Prof. Dr. Johannes Nollé, Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des DAI, Amalienstr. 73b, D- 80799 München ([email protected]). Der Beitrag ist eine Fortsetzung von Gephyra 7, 2010 (2012), 71-126; über einige ausgewählte Aspekte dieser Thematik habe ich auf dem XV. Internationalen Numismatischen Kongress in Taormina im Septem-
    [Show full text]
  • The Carian Language HANDBOOK of ORIENTAL STUDIES SECTION ONE the NEAR and MIDDLE EAST
    The Carian Language HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES SECTION ONE THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST Ancient Near East Editor-in-Chief W. H. van Soldt Editors G. Beckman • C. Leitz • B. A. Levine P. Michalowski • P. Miglus Middle East R. S. O’Fahey • C. H. M. Versteegh VOLUME EIGHTY-SIX The Carian Language by Ignacio J. Adiego with an appendix by Koray Konuk BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adiego Lajara, Ignacio-Javier. The Carian language / by Ignacio J. Adiego ; with an appendix by Koray Konuk. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East ; v. 86). Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13 : 978-90-04-15281-6 (hardback) ISBN-10 : 90-04-15281-4 (hardback) 1. Carian language. 2. Carian language—Writing. 3. Inscriptions, Carian—Egypt. 4. Inscriptions, Carian—Turkey—Caria. I. Title. II. P946.A35 2006 491’.998—dc22 2006051655 ISSN 0169-9423 ISBN-10 90 04 15281 4 ISBN-13 978 90 04 15281 6 © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Hotei Publishers, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Separating Fact from Fiction in the Aiolian Migration
    hesperia yy (2008) SEPARATING FACT Pages399-430 FROM FICTION IN THE AIOLIAN MIGRATION ABSTRACT Iron Age settlementsin the northeastAegean are usuallyattributed to Aioliancolonists who journeyed across the Aegean from mainland Greece. This articlereviews the literary accounts of the migration and presentsthe relevantarchaeological evidence, with a focuson newmaterial from Troy. No onearea played a dominantrole in colonizing Aiolis, nor is sucha widespread colonizationsupported by the archaeologicalrecord. But the aggressive promotionof migrationaccounts after the PersianWars provedmutually beneficialto bothsides of theAegean and justified the composition of the Delian League. Scholarlyassessments of habitation in thenortheast Aegean during the EarlyIron Age are remarkably consistent: most settlements are attributed toAiolian colonists who had journeyed across the Aegean from Thessaly, Boiotia,Akhaia, or a combinationof all three.1There is no uniformityin theancient sources that deal with the migration, although Orestes and his descendantsare named as theleaders in mostaccounts, and are credited withfounding colonies over a broadgeographic area, including Lesbos, Tenedos,the western and southerncoasts of theTroad, and theregion betweenthe bays of Adramyttion and Smyrna(Fig. 1). In otherwords, mainlandGreece has repeatedly been viewed as theagent responsible for 1. TroyIV, pp. 147-148,248-249; appendixgradually developed into a Mountjoy,Holt Parker,Gabe Pizzorno, Berard1959; Cook 1962,pp. 25-29; magisterialstudy that is includedhere Allison Sterrett,John Wallrodt, Mal- 1973,pp. 360-363;Vanschoonwinkel as a companionarticle (Parker 2008). colm Wiener, and the anonymous 1991,pp. 405-421; Tenger 1999, It is our hope that readersinterested in reviewersfor Hesperia. Most of trie pp. 121-126;Boardman 1999, pp. 23- the Aiolian migrationwill read both articlewas writtenin the Burnham 33; Fisher2000, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Sosyal Düşünce Sözlügü
    Sosyal Düşünce Sözlügü 1750 Başlıq "Raslantılar bir sineği bile yaratamazlar" Evet. Hayatın başlangıcı yada evrimin işleyişi konusunda yapılan tartışmalarda çok kullanılan bir kelime de &quot;raslantı&quot;dır. Ancak bilim raslantılarla ilgilenmez . Bu konuyu sağlıklı bir şekilde anlayabilmek için önce &quot;raslantı&quot; kelimesine bakmalıyız. Doğada hiçbirşey raslantı eseri değildir. Evrende ceryan eden her olay, kuralları kesin kanunlara ve alternatifsiz olgulara bağlıdır. &quot;Raslantı&quot;, henüz işleyişini tam olarak analiz edemediğimiz ve kurallarını açıkça ortaya koyamadığımız hareketlerde kullanılan bir &quot;joker&quot; kelimedir. Bir atom zerresinin en ufak bir hareketi bile &quot;kesin&quot; kurallara bağlıdır ve bu kuralların dışına çıkmaz. Bu bağlamda canlılığın oluşumu ve evrim de hiçbir şekilde raslantı ile ilgili değildir ve şartlar uygun olduğunda bir <U>zorunluluktur</U>. "Raslantılar bir sineği bile yaratamazlar" 2'>devam "Raslantılar bir sineği bile yaratamazlar" 2 Elinize bir zar alın ve atın, zarın 6 gelmesi bir raslantı yada şans değil, -uygun şartlarda- bir zorunluluk tur. Zarı atarken elinizin hareketinin zara vediği kinetik enerji, bu enerjinin mutlak yönü, zarı oluşturan materyal, zarın atomlarındaki diziliş, zarın özkütlesi, fiziksel yapısı, ısısı, ağırlığı, hacmi, atılan zeminin materyali, yüzey yapısı, sıcaklığı, özkütlesi, sürtünme katsayısı, ortamdaki havanın sıcaklığı, moleküler yapısı, yoğunluğu, enerjisi, hareketi, ortamdaki çekim kuvvetleri... ve bilimin henüz keşfetmediği daha pekçok faktör, biraraya gelerek zarın 6 gelmesini &quot;zorunlu&quot; kılar. Bu bir &quot;tesadüf&quot; değil &quot;<U>zorunluluk</U>&quot; tur. Evrende HER hareketin bir nedeni vardır ve bu neden, bu hareketin doğmasını ZORUNLU kılar. Buna determinizm (nedensellik) denir. Günümüzde atomaltı parçacıkların dünyasında bazı beklenmedik olayların bulunduğu, bazı nedenlerin birden fazla hareketi doğurduğu, dolayısıyla determinizmin &quot;şüpheli&quot; hale geldiği kimilerince dile getirilse de, bu doğru değildir.
    [Show full text]
  • 017 Transcript
    Episode 017 Black Ships on Trojan Shores Today we will take a look at one of the most enduring myths of ancient history, the Trojan War as enshrined in epic form in The Iliad. In myth, this is the war where the face of Helen launched 1,000 Achaean ships, destined for Ilios, or Troy, where they would besiege the city and have their vengeance. You may wonder why the Trojan War as a focus for our podcast on maritime history. The sack of Troy, the Trojan Horse, all that happened on land, right? And yes, it did, but there is an undercurrent of maritime power running like an integral thread throughout the entire myth. Without the Achaean sea power, the entire story would change, and who knows how history would have differed. We’ll talk today about the role sea power played in the period, and how differing cultural views influenced the Mycenaeans, the Trojans, even the Hittites. This may be a long episode, because I also think it’s important to get an accurate picture of the Late Bronze Age world’s dying stages so that we can frame the emergence of the Sea Peoples in its proper light. And, there are many players on this stage, as I’m sure you’re aware. We’ve talked in past episodes a bit about Heinrich Schliemann’s discovery of one of these players, the Mycenaean civilization, and more specifically about his unearthing of golden artifacts from shaft graves at Mycenae. Beyond Mycenae, I think it’s pretty widely known that Schliemann also discovered the site of Troy with its many layers.
    [Show full text]
  • Maxim M. KHOLOD1
    Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 26(2): 199–211 On the Ionian League in the Fourth Century BC Maxim M. KHOLOD1 Abstract. The author argues that the revival of the Ionian League, most likely dissolved by the Persians right after 494, happened ca. 373 BC. The sLeague seems to have been refounded then as a purely religious association. Its life was very long this time: the League most probably did not cease to exist not only during the rest of the 4th century BC but it was the same one which functioned almost interruptedly throughout further several centuries and disappeared only at a moment after the mid-3rd century AD. Rezumat. Autorul susține că renașterea Ligii Ionice, cel mai probabil dizolvată de perși imediat după 494, s-a produs aprocimativ în 373 î.H. Liga pare să fi fost reîntemeiată atunci ca o asociație pur religioasă. Existența sa a fost foarte îndelungată: Liga nu numai că nu a încetat cel mai probabil să existe pe parcursul secolului al IV-lea î.Hr., ci a funcționat aproape neîntrerupt în secolele care au urmat și a dispărut imediat după mijlocul secolului al III-lea d.Hr. Keywords: Ionian League, Panionion, Panionia, Persian Empire, Alexander the Great. The evidence for the Ionian League (also named the Panionian League) in the Classical period, after the suppression of the Ionian revolt by the Persians in 4942, is scarce. It is absolutely absent for the rest of the 5th century, a fact speaking, in all likelihood, that the League did not exist at this time3. Furthermore, it is significant that Herodotus describing the Panionion, a sacred place of the Ionians at Mycale in the territory of Priene, writes about a festival of the Ionian League in honour of Heliconian Poseidon held at this place, the Panionia, as if it is no longer celebrated in his time (I, 148)4.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Luwian Hieroglyphic Late Bronze Age Inscriptions
    doi: 10.2143/AWE.12.0.2994441 AWE 12 (2013) 1-15 THREE LUWIAN HIEROGLYPHIC LATE BRONZE AGE INSCRIPTIONS F.C. WOUDHUIZEN Abstract In this contribution, three reasonably short Luwian hieroglyphic Late Bronze Age texts are discussed, one on a seal-ring from a private collection and two on stone monuments. It will be argued that as far as dating is concerned, the text on the seal-ring may be assigned to an early stage of the Late Bronze Age and as such constitutes the earliest Luwian hieroglyphic inscription of some length, whereas the ones on stone monuments may safely be attributed to the reigns of the Hittite Great Kings Tudhaliyas IV and Suppiluliumas II, respectively, in the final stage of the Late Bronze Age. 1. The Legend of Seal Borowski No. 26 The seal-ring of silver and bronze catalogued as Borowski no. 26 presents us with the largest extant Luwian hieroglyphic Late Bronze Age inscription preserved up to this date for glyptic sources. The inscription on the ring has been discussed in detail by Massimo Poetto in his editio princeps of the text,1 whilst some attention is also paid to it by Clelia Mora in her catalogue of seals inscribed with a Luwian hiero- glyphic legend.2 The Luwian hieroglyphic legend of the seal consists of two parts, one positioned in the centre and the other in the outer ring. On the basis of the excellent photo- graphs of the seal side and its imprint as reproduced by Poetto (his Tav. XXVI; our Fig. 1), I suggest the following improvements of the reading of the text in the outer ring, which starts with the A(m/f) sg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of a Forgotten Kingdom? Survey Archaeology and the Historical Geography of Central Western Anatolia in the Second Millennium BC
    European Journal of Archaeology 20 (1) 2017, 120–147 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Story of a Forgotten Kingdom? Survey Archaeology and the Historical Geography of Central Western Anatolia in the Second Millennium BC 1,2,3 1,3 CHRISTOPHER H. ROOSEVELT AND CHRISTINA LUKE 1Department of Archaeology and History of Art, Koç University, I˙stanbul, Turkey 2Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations, Koç University, I˙stanbul, Turkey 3Department of Archaeology, Boston University, USA This article presents previously unknown archaeological evidence of a mid-second-millennium BC kingdom located in central western Anatolia. Discovered during the work of the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey in the Marmara Lake basin of the Gediz Valley in western Turkey, the material evidence appears to correlate well with text-based reconstructions of Late Bronze Age historical geog- raphy drawn from Hittite archives. One site in particular—Kaymakçı—stands out as a regional capital and the results of the systematic archaeological survey allow for an understanding of local settlement patterns, moving beyond traditional correlations between historical geography and capital sites alone. Comparison with contemporary sites in central western Anatolia, furthermore, identifies material com- monalities in site forms that may indicate a regional architectural tradition if not just influence from Hittite hegemony. Keywords: survey archaeology, Anatolia, Bronze Age, historical geography, Hittites, Seha River Land INTRODUCTION correlates of historical territories and king- doms have remained elusive.
    [Show full text]