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Early Colonial History Four of Seven
Early Colonial History Four of Seven Marianas History Conference Early Colonial History Guampedia.com This publication was produced by the Guampedia Foundation ⓒ2012 Guampedia Foundation, Inc. UOG Station Mangilao, Guam 96923 www.guampedia.com Table of Contents Early Colonial History Windfalls in Micronesia: Carolinians' environmental history in the Marianas ...................................................................................................1 By Rebecca Hofmann “Casa Real”: A Lost Church On Guam* .................................................13 By Andrea Jalandoni Magellan and San Vitores: Heroes or Madmen? ....................................25 By Donald Shuster, PhD Traditional Chamorro Farming Innovations during the Spanish and Philippine Contact Period on Northern Guam* ....................................31 By Boyd Dixon and Richard Schaefer and Todd McCurdy Islands in the Stream of Empire: Spain’s ‘Reformed’ Imperial Policy and the First Proposals to Colonize the Mariana Islands, 1565-1569 ....41 By Frank Quimby José de Quiroga y Losada: Conquest of the Marianas ...........................63 By Nicholas Goetzfridt, PhD. 19th Century Society in Agaña: Don Francisco Tudela, 1805-1856, Sargento Mayor of the Mariana Islands’ Garrison, 1841-1847, Retired on Guam, 1848-1856 ...............................................................................83 By Omaira Brunal-Perry Windfalls in Micronesia: Carolinians' environmental history in the Marianas By Rebecca Hofmann Research fellow in the project: 'Climates of Migration: -
Prince Henry and India
Doubling the World Enough for us that the hidden half of the globe is brought to light, and the Portuguese daily go farther and farther beyond the equator. Thus shores unknown will soon become accessible; for one in emulation of another sets forth in labors and mighty perils. —PETER MARTYR (1493) The 1400s in a Nutshell: Discovering the Unknown In the West: § Ptolemy (geography) is revived § The Portuguese begin the first state sponsored continuous exploration § Spain Responds (via efforts of Christopher Columbus) § A new continent is discovered In the Middle East: • The Arabs stagnate; maintain their roles as middle men traders In the East: • The Chinese explore one-third of the planet; then stop cold THE blocking of the land paths proved a godsend. Driven by new incentives to go to sea, Europeans would discover waterways to everywhere. From the whole period of the Great Interruption, the fourth until the fourteenth century, no mariner's charts survive. In that age of widespread illiteracy, sailors passed on their traditional knowledge by word of mouth. From about 1300, however, we do find Mediterranean sea charts (portolanos), offering useful details for the next generation of mariners. To reach Asia by water from the Mediterranean countries meant leaving the closed for the open sea. Mediterranean voyages were mostly coastwise sailing, which meant relying on personal experience of those particular places—local winds and currents, familiar landmarks, well-known offshore islands and the distinctive silhouette of a neighboring mountain. When Portuguese sailors advanced southward down the coast of Africa, they left behind all familiar landmarks. -
Newsletter of the District of Asia
Newsletter of the District of Asia Oct - Dec 2001 A short Philippine History before the 1898 Revolution In search of spices When Ferdinand Magellan, a veteran Portuguese soldier, returned from the Spice Islands of the Moluccas, he approached the Portuguese King with a proposal to find a westward route from Portugal to the rich islands of Spices, on the opposite side of the world. The King however, did not take advantage of the offer, and temporized. In the meantime, Magellan offered his services to the King of Spain the great Charles V, who was soon to be raised to the dignity of Holy Roman Emperor. In Spain, funds were needed for the treasury. Spices were not cheap in Europe and there is a high demand, so commerce with them is one of the best solutions for raising the necessary funds. The King of Spain thus provided Magellan with a fleet of five ships: Trinidad, Victoria, Concepcion, Santiago and San Antonio. On August 10, 1519 the fleet sailed westward from Seville in search of a passageway to the Moluccas. It was manned by a crew of 270 men and there were 2 chaplains both were secular priests: Father Pedro de Valderama and another one a French by nationality who was latter abandoned by Magellan in the coast of Brazil. After various incidents suffered from men and the elements as it sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and down the coast of South America, the fleet reached in the last days of October the passage which now bears the name of the leader of this expedition. -
California State University, Northridge
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE The Palazzo del Te: Art, Power, and Giulio Romano’s Gigantic, yet Subtle, Game in the Age of Charles V and Federico Gonzaga A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies with emphases in Art History and Political Science By Diana L. Michiulis December 2016 The thesis of Diana L. Michiulis is approved: ___________________________________ _____________________ Dr. Jean-Luc Bordeaux Date ___________________________________ _____________________ Dr. David Leitch Date ___________________________________ _____________________ Dr. Margaret Shiffrar, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to convey my deepest, sincere gratitude to my Thesis Committee Chair, Dr. Margaret Shiffrar, for all of her guidance, insights, patience, and encourage- ments. A massive "merci beaucoup" to Dr. Jean-Luc Bordeaux, without whom completion of my Master’s degree thesis would never have been fulfilled. It was through Dr. Bordeaux’s leadership, patience, as well as his tremendous knowledge of Renaissance art, Mannerist art, and museum art collections that I was able to achieve this ultimate goal in spite of numerous obstacles. My most heart-felt, gigantic appreciation to Dr. David Leitch, for his leadership, patience, innovative ideas, vast knowledge of political-theory, as well as political science at the intersection of aesthetic theory. Thank you also to Dr. Owen Doonan, for his amazing assistance with aesthetic theory and classical mythology. I am very grateful as well to Dr. Mario Ontiveros, for his advice, passion, and incredible knowledge of political art and art theory. And many thanks to Dr. Peri Klemm, for her counsel and spectacular help with the role of "spectacle" in art history. -
EARTH MOTHER CRYING: Encyclopedia of Prophecies of Peoples of The
EARTH MOTHER CRYING: Encyclopedia of Prophecies of Peoples of the Western Hemisphere, , , PART TWO of "The PROPHECYKEEPERS" TRILOGY , , Proceeds from this e-Book will eventually provide costly human translation of these prophecies into Asian Languages NORTH, , SOUTH , & CENTRAL , AMERICAN , INDIAN;, PACIFIC ISLANDER; , and AUSTRALIAN , ABORIGINAL , PROPHECIES, FROM "A" TO "Z" , Edited by Will Anderson, "BlueOtter" , , Compilation © 2001-4 , Will Anderson, Cabool, Missouri, USA , , Wallace "Mad Bear" Anderson, "I am Mad Bear Anderson, and I 'walked west' in Founder of the American Indian Unity 1985. Doug Boyd wrote a book about me, Mad Bear : Movement , Spirit, Healing, and the Sacred in the Life of a Native American Medicine Man, that you might want to read. Anyhow, back in the 50s and 60s I traveled all over the Western hemisphere as a merchant seaman, and made contacts that eventually led to this current Indian Unity Movement. I always wanted to write a book like this, comparing prophecies from all over the world. The elders have always been so worried that the people of the world would wake up too late to be ready for the , events that will be happening in the last days, what the Thank You... , Hopi friends call "Purification Day." Thanks for financially supporting this lifesaving work by purchasing this e-Book." , , Our website is translated into many different languages by machine translation, which is only 55% accurate, and not reliable enough to transmit the actual meaning of these prophecies. So, please help fulfill the prophecy made by the Six Nations Iroquois Lord of the Confederacy or "Sachem" Wallace "Mad Bear" Anderson -- Medicine Man to the Tuscaroras, and founder of the modern Indian Unity Movement -- by further supporting the actual human translation of these worldwide prophecy comparisons into all possible languages by making a donation, or by purchasing Book #1. -
The Manila Galleon and the First Globalization of World Trade
October 2020 ISSN 2444-2933 The Manila Galleon and the first globalization of world trade BY Borja Cardelús The route that united Asia, America and Europe The Manila Galleon and the first The Manila Galleon and the first globalization of world trade globalization of world trade THE LONG CONQUEST OF THE PACIFIC Despite all that, the final balance of all these misfortunes and frustrations was not entirely negative because the navigations allowed to The persistence of examine the climates and contours of that The persistence of Spain of the 16th century as Spanish sailor, serving the Spanish Crown, unprecedented ocean full of islands and Spain of the 16th made it possible to conquer an ocean as found the desired path and sailed the ocean for atolls,and above all its most relevant untamable as the Pacific, a century in which it the first time, but he died in a skirmish with century made it characteristic, for the purposes of the Spanish faced two types of conquests, all equally natives in the Filipino archipelago, when he possible to conquer claims to master it; although the trip through the astonishing. One was the terrestrial, that of had already accomplished most of his feats. It was Pacific from America to Asia was easy due to the an ocean as America, achieved in the surprising period of completed by Juan Sebastian Elcano aboard the favorable push of the trade winds, the return only fifty years. ship Victoria, full of spices, and when arriving to untamable as the trip, the return voyage, was revealing the Iberian Peninsula, after the long voyage, he Pacific, a century in impossible. -
PRISON BOWL XII: DANIEL TOLD US NOT to HAVE a SUBTITLE Head Edited by Daniel Ma, Vice Head Edited by Rachel Yang
PRISON BOWL XII: DANIEL TOLD US NOT TO HAVE A SUBTITLE Head Edited by Daniel Ma, Vice Head Edited by Rachel Yang. Section Edited by Daniel Ma, Asher Jaffe, Ben Chapman, and Rachel Yang. Written by Hunter College High School Quiz Bowl (Daniel Ma, Brian Lu, Asher Jaffe, Ben Chapman, Rachel Yang, Cerulean Ozarow, Ella Leeds, Pedro Juan Orduz, Aruna Das, Eric Cao, Daniel Shneider, Amanda Li, Andrew Zeng, Alex Mazansky, Philip Belin, Maxwell Huang, Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt, Bianca Dwork, Moxie Strom, Brian Chan, Maya Vazquez- Plyshevsky, and Maggie Kwan). Special thanks to Ms. Caitlin Samuel, Jamie Faeder, Gilad Avrahami, Chloe Levine, Max Shatan, Lev Bernstein, Doug Simons, and Michael Wu. PACKET THIRTEEN TOSSUPS 1. This person argued that children either assimilate or accommodate new objects and events into new or existing schemas. This person noted that morals are created from peer interactions as they move from egocentric to sociocentric modes of thought in his book The Moral Judgement of the (*) Child. This man, who created the International Center for Genetic Epistemology, argued that children must develop object permanence. Inspiring the creation of open education, for 10 points, name this Swiss psychologist that proposed a four stage theory for children’s cognitive thinking. ANSWER: Jean Piaget (“pya-ZHEY”) <BKC> 2. In a myth from this country, Aino’s (“EYE-nose”) hand in marriage is pledged by her brother after he loses a duel; she later drowns herself in the sea. The loser of that duel in a story from this country is plucked from the sea by an eagle and carried off to help forge a mysterious object which grants good (*) luck. -
Las Agencias De Lo Indígena En La Larga Era De Globalización
7 LAS AGENCIAS DE LO INDÍGENA EN LA LARGA ERA DE GLOBALIZACIÓN Microperspectivas de su producción y ESTUDIOS INDIANA representación desde la época colonial temprana hasta el presente Romy Köhler / Anne Ebert (eds.) *CFSP"NFSJLBOJTDIFT*OTUJUVU1SFVJTDIFS,VMUVSCFTJU[](FCS.BOO7FSMBHt#FSMJO Romy Köhler / Anne Ebert (eds.) Las agencias de lo indígena en la larga era de globalización Microperspectivas de su producción y representación desde la época colonial temprana hasta el presente ESTUDIOS INDIANA 7 Las agencias de lo indígena en la larga era de globalización Microperspectivas de su producción y representación desde la época colonial temprana hasta el presente Romy Köhler / Anne Ebert (eds.) (FCS.BOO7FSMBHt#FSMJO ESTUDIOS INDIANA The monographs and essay collections in the Estudios Indiana series present the results of research into the indigenous and multiethnic societies and cultures of Latin America and the Caribbean, both past and pre- sent. The range of topics encompasses all fields of Amerindian studies, including archaeology, ethnohistory, ethnolinguistics, as well as cultural and linguistic anthropology. En la serie Estudios Indiana se publican monografías y compilaciones que representan los resultados de in- vestigaciones sobre las antiguas y actuales sociedades y culturas indígenas y multiétnicas de América Latina y el Caribe. La serie abarca una diversidad de temas de todas las áreas de los estudios americanistas incluyendo la arqueología, la etnohistoria, la antropología cultural y social y la etnolingüística. Editado por: Ibero-Amerikanisches -
Myth and Prophecy in Juan Ginés De Sepúlveda's Crusading
Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies Journal of the Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies Volume 35 | Issue 1 Article 4 2011 Myth and Prophecy in Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda’s Crusading "Exhortación" Luna Nájera Guest Researcher at the Scaliger Institute, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.asphs.net/bsphs Recommended Citation Nájera, Luna (2011) "Myth and Prophecy in Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda’s Crusading "Exhortación"," Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies: Vol. 35 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. https://doi.org/10.26431/0739-182X.1008 Available at: https://digitalcommons.asphs.net/bsphs/vol35/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies by an authorized editor of Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Myth and Prophecy in Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda’s Crusading "Exhortación" Cover Page Footnote I am grateful to Prof. Eva Woods Peiró for sharing her workspace with me while I was doing research for this project during the year I was her colleague at Vassar College. Her supportive collegiality was, and continues to be, invaluable. I am also indebted to the members of Vassar College’s Medieval and Renaissance Faculty Seminar, whose feedback on an earlier version of this article greatly broadened my perspective of Sepúlveda. This article is available in Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies: https://digitalcommons.asphs.net/bsphs/vol35/ iss1/4 BULLETIN FOR SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE HISTORICAL STUDIES 35:1/December 2010/48-68 Myth and Prophecy in Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda’s Crusading “Exhortación” LUNA NÁJERA Leiden University, Scaliger Institute The Spanish humanist Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (ca. -
Tordesillas Background
Treaty of Tordesillas Upon returning to Spain in 1493 after his first voyage, Christopher Columbus contacted Pope Alexander VI (a Spaniard by birth) to report his discoveries. Acting as the great European arbiter of the day, the pope then issued a bull (decree) that divided the New World lands between Spain and Portugal by establishing a north-south line of demarcation 100 leagues* west of the Cape Verde Islands. Undiscovered non-Christian lands to the west of the line were to be Spanish possessions and those to the east belonged to Portugal. News of this decision was not warmly greeted by the Portuguese, who argued that previous agreements conflicted with the Pope's decision. In the spring of 1494, representatives of Spain and Portugal met in the Spanish town of Tordesillas and negotiated a mutually satisfactory solution to their dispute. By resulting Treaty of Todesillas, the line of demarcation was relocated to a position 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. (It was impossible during this age to determine precisely the impact of this agreement on account of the nagging difficulty of establishing longitude accurately.) However, Portugal emerged with an enhanced position by gaining a larger portion of South America (Brazil). Even with this modification, Spain had gained control (on paper) of most of the New World. The pope granted his official recognition of this agreement in 1506. Spain and Portugal, with a few exceptions, remained loyal to the terms of the treaty; the Portuguese would expand deep into Brazil beyond the demarcation line, but Spain did not object. -
The Global Context: Asia, Europe, and Africa in the Early Modern Era
Chapter Two: The Global Context: Asia, Europe, and Africa in the Early Modern Era Contents 2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 30 2.1.1 Learning Outcomes ....................................................................................... 30 2.2 EUROPE IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: PORTUGAL AND SPAIN ........................... 31 2.2.1 Portugal Initiates the Age of Discovery ............................................................. 31 2.2.2 The Spanish in the Age of Discovery ................................................................ 33 2.2.3 Before You Move On... ................................................................................... 35 Key Concepts ....................................................................................................35 Test Yourself ...................................................................................................... 36 2.3 ASIA IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: CHINESE EXPANSION DURING THE MING DYNASTY 37 2.3.1 Before You Move On... ................................................................................... 40 Key Concepts ................................................................................................... 40 Test Yourself .................................................................................................... 41 2.4 EUROPE IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: ENGLAND AND FRANCE ........................ 41 2.4.1 England and France at War .......................................................................... -
Location and Orientation of Teotihuacan, Mexico: Water Worship and Processional Space
Location and Orientation of Teotihuacan, Mexico: Water Worship and Processional Space Susan Toby Evans “Processions and pilgrimages produced a continuous movement that animated the landscape, thus we are dealing with fundamental ritual processes that created the sacred landscape.” Johanna Broda, this volume Introduction: The Cultural Ecology of Teotihuacan’s Placement In this paper, the ritual practice of Teotihuacan Valley, as well as with the city’s procession is argued to have provided an cosmological setting. The grid’s orientation impetus for the location and orientation of the addressed practical problems such as grading ancient city of Teotihuacan within its and drainage while it maximized ardent efforts environmental context, the Teotihuacan Valley. by worshippers to connect with the living world Cultural ecology and ethnohistory will they revered: the same urban plan that illuminate the rich corpus of information about channeled psychic energy toward sacred the city’s development and the valley’s elements of the environment also channeled geographical features, and suggest that the city’s water and waste through the city and onto topographical situation was generated by its agricultural fields. regional landscape and the needs of its planners Supporting the idea that the city’s to urbanize the site while supporting a growing orientation and location were deliberate population, which involved increasing adaptations to the Teotihuacan Valley, and that agricultural productivity and intensifying the processions were a vital component of propitiation of fertility deities. Teotihuacanos calculations to insure continued fertility, maximized crop production in their valley’s evidence is drawn from: different growing zones, while gridding their the Teotihuacan Valley’s natural city with processional avenues and arenas.